CN114640115A - Method for configuring power and energy of primary frequency modulation energy storage system - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/007—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
- H02J3/0075—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources for providing alternative feeding paths between load and source according to economic or energy efficiency considerations, e.g. economic dispatch
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for configuring power and energy of a primary frequency modulation energy storage system, which comprises the following steps: determining a dead zone range when the energy storage system participates in primary frequency modulation; collecting the frequency of a regional power grid where a unit of an energy storage system is located, and collecting historical data; and (3) taking the collected historical data as a statistical sample, and eliminating data in the dead zone range of the energy storage system to obtain a frequency difference signal statistical sample outside the dead zone range of the energy storage system. The beneficial effects of the invention are: the invention provides a simple, economic, reasonable and efficient primary frequency modulation-oriented power/energy configuration method of an energy storage system according to the frequency historical data of the operation of a regional power grid; the invention can be used for the built thermal power generating units, hydroelectric generating units and new energy source units, and can also be used for the thermal power generating units, hydroelectric generating units and new energy source units which are newly built in the same area; the invention enables the power or energy configuration of the energy storage system to be closer to the real requirement; the invention can maximize the benefit of the energy storage system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of primary frequency modulation of power systems, and particularly relates to a method for configuring power and energy of a primary frequency modulation energy storage system.
Background
In recent years, the development and utilization of new energy technology have become important measures for guaranteeing energy safety and coping with climate change in countries around the world. With the new energy power generation system being incorporated into the power grid, the randomness, the volatility and the intermittence characteristic of the new energy power generation system can reduce the rotational inertia level and the anti-disturbance capability of the power system, so that the primary frequency modulation capability of the power grid is reduced, and the frequency is unstable.
The primary frequency modulation is that when the frequency of the power system deviates from the target frequency, the generator set adjusts the service provided by the active power output reduction frequency deviation through the automatic reaction of the speed regulating system, and the primary frequency modulation is a necessary function of the thermal power unit. At present, China mainly applies a thermal power generating unit to carry out primary frequency modulation, but as the installed proportion of the thermal power generating unit is gradually shrunk, the problem of insufficient frequency modulation resources occurs in a power grid.
The rapidly developed energy storage technology has the advantages of short response time, high regulation rate, high regulation precision and the like, and can be used as a high-quality regulation resource to participate in primary frequency modulation of a power grid, so that the frequency modulation pressure of a traditional unit is effectively relieved. The energy storage system can be used as a power supply system when the frequency of the power grid is low to increase input power for the power grid, and can be used as a load system to absorb redundant load for the power grid when the frequency of the power grid is high, so that the important function of primary frequency modulation is played.
However, primary frequency modulation places high demands on the response speed, power level, and cost control of the energy storage system. The power and energy configuration of the energy storage system are too large, so that the once investment cost is easily too high, the system utilization rate is too low, and the equipment and the occupied land are idle and wasted. If the power and energy configuration of the energy storage system is too small, the power and duration of the energy storage system are insufficient, so that the effective electric quantity of primary frequency modulation is too low, and the effect of primary frequency modulation cannot be fully exerted. Meanwhile, the existing power and energy configuration method of the energy storage system is generally configured according to experience, actual data analysis is lacked, and objectivity and economy are poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a method for power and energy configuration of a primary frequency modulation energy storage system.
The method for configuring power and energy of the primary frequency modulation energy storage system comprises the following steps:
s1, determining a dead zone range when the energy storage system participates in primary frequency modulation;
s2, collecting the frequency of the regional power grid where the unit of the energy storage system is located, and collectingCollecting historical data; the collected historical data is used as a statistical sample, data in the dead zone range of the energy storage system are removed, and a frequency difference signal statistical sample outside the dead zone range of the energy storage system is obtained
Wherein
Representing the total number of statistical samples; determining the time length of the energy storage system participating in the primary frequency modulation of the power grid in the statistical period;
s3, counting samples according to the frequency difference signals outside the dead zone range of the energy storage system, calculating the target power of primary frequency modulation, and fitting a distribution function of the absolute value of the target power of the primary frequency modulation;
s4, determining the type of the energy storage system, and calculating the unit power input cost, the accumulated integral electric quantity of primary frequency modulation and the total income of primary frequency modulation of the energy storage system according to the type of the energy storage system;
and S5, constructing an economic model of the energy storage system participating in primary frequency modulation, and calculating the optimal power and energy of the energy storage system under the constraint condition of maximizing income.
Preferably, the dead zone when the energy storage system participates in the primary frequency modulation in step S1 is the dead zone range of the unit where the dead zone is located; step S2, the number of samples is counted according to the frequency difference outside the dead zone range in the energy storage system counting period
And collecting historical data time intervals
Determining the time length of the energy storage system participating in the primary frequency modulation of the power grid in the statistical period as
。
Preferably, when the power generating unit in which the energy storage system participates in the primary frequency modulation in step S1 is a thermal power generating unit, the primary frequency modulation dead zone range is-49.967 Hz-50.033 Hz; when the frequency of the power grid is in the range of-49.967 Hz-50.033 Hz, the power regulation value of the primary frequency modulation of the energy storage system of the thermal power unit is 0; and when the frequency of the power grid exceeds the range of-49.967 Hz-50.033 Hz, the power regulation value of the primary frequency modulation of the energy storage system of the thermal power unit corresponds to the change of the frequency.
Preferably, the interval time of the frequency of the regional power grid in which the unit of the energy storage system is located is collected in step S2
1s, period span of frequency sampling
It was 7 days.
Preferably, step S3 specifically includes the following steps:
s3.1, counting samples according to frequency difference signals outside the dead zone range when the energy storage system participates in primary frequency modulation
The target power of the unit during primary frequency modulation is calculated by combining a unit primary frequency modulation calculation formula
：
In the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
is the target power of the unit during primary frequency modulation, delta is the rotating speed unequal rate of the unit adjusting system,
is the rated rotating speed of the machine set,
rated load of the unit;
s3.2, carrying out statistical distribution on the absolute value of the primary frequency modulation target power, and fitting the absolute value of the primary frequency modulation target power by adopting a probability density function; and evaluating the fitting degrees of different probability density functions by using the judgment coefficients, and selecting the probability density function with the highest fitting degree.
Preferably, delta in step S3.1 is in the range of 3 to 6%,
the rated rotating speed of the thermal power generating unit is 3000 r/min;
the rated load of the thermal power generating unit is 660 MW.
Preferably, the probability density function in step S3.2 comprises a gaussian distribution, cauchy distribution, Exponential distribution, logistic distribution and Boltzman distribution; has a determination coefficient of
The calculation formula of the judgment coefficient is as follows:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
is the sum of the squares of the residuals,
is the sum of the squares.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
the function fitted with the gaussian distribution is chosen to be:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
the target power of the primary frequency modulation is represented,
indicating that the power of the primary frequency modulation is equal to the target power
The relative probability of occurrence in%;
the function fitted with the Boltzman distribution was chosen to be:
preferably, step S4 specifically includes the following steps:
s4.1, assuming that the optimal power of the energy storage system is
The optimum energy of the energy storage system is
Then the total energy storage system cost is:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
the unit is ten thousand yuan/MW for the power conversion cost coefficient of the energy storage system;
the energy cost coefficient of an energy storage unit of the energy storage system is ten thousand yuan/MWh;
optimum power of energy storage system
And optimum energy
The following constraints are satisfied:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
the shortest time for supporting primary frequency modulation for the energy storage system is min;
the maximum discharge rate of the energy storage system;
total cost of energy storage system
And power of the energy storage system
Forming positive correlation:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
the unit power input cost of the energy storage system is saved;
calculating the unit power input cost of the energy storage system:
calculating the cumulative distribution according to the distribution function of the primary frequency modulation target power absolute value
In units of%;
s4.2, meterCalculating the optimal power of the energy storage system as
When the primary frequency modulation power is less than or equal to
Accumulated integral of
(ii) a Setting the energy storage system to have the primary frequency modulation power less than or equal to
And (3) if the power is totally responded, integrating the primary frequency modulation power and time in a statistical period to obtain the accumulated integral electric quantity of the primary frequency modulation:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
the unit is MWh, and the unit is the accumulated integral electric quantity of primary frequency modulation in a statistical period;
counting the number of samples for the frequency difference outside the dead zone range in the counting period;
time intervals for collecting historical data are set in seconds;
s4.3, the income of the primary frequency modulation is in direct proportion to the accumulated integral electric quantity of the power, and the total income of the energy storage system participating in the primary frequency modulation in the whole life cycle is calculated through the income expansion in the statistical cycle:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
the total income of the energy storage system participating in primary frequency modulation in the whole life cycle is in ten thousand yuan;
the yield coefficient of the primary frequency modulation is in unit of ten thousand yuan/MWh;
the life of the energy storage system in the whole life cycle is expressed in years;
the statistical span period is in days.
Preferably, step S4.1
20-40 ten thousand yuan/MW; when the energy storage system is a lithium ion battery,
70-150 ten thousand yuan/MW; when the energy storage system is a nickel-metal hydride battery,
is 400-600 ten thousand yuan/MW; when the energy storage system is a super capacitor,
is 950-1350 ten thousand yuan/MW; when the energy storage system is used for storing energy for the flywheel,
is 440-450 ten thousand yuan/MW.
Preferably, the economic model of the energy storage system participating in the primary frequency modulation in step S5 is as follows:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
the economic profit condition of the energy storage system is represented in ten thousand yuan;
the optimal power of the energy storage system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a simple, economic, reasonable and efficient primary frequency modulation-oriented energy storage system power/energy configuration method according to frequency historical data of regional power grid operation; firstly, obtaining a frequency difference signal statistical sample according to the frequency characteristics and distribution of a regional power grid where a unit is located, calculating a target power size and a distribution function of primary frequency modulation required by the unit by combining data such as actual rated load, rotating speed unequal rate and the like of the unit, finally establishing an economic model of the primary frequency modulation of the energy storage system from the aspects of benefit and cost, and providing the optimal power and energy size of the unit configured with the energy storage system through calculation and optimization; the invention can be used for the built thermal power generating units, hydroelectric generating units and new energy source units, and can also be used for the thermal power generating units, hydroelectric generating units and new energy source units which are newly built in the same area.
The method combines the historical data distribution characteristics and the fitting function of the primary frequency modulation power, so that the power or energy configuration of the energy storage system is closer to the real requirement; the energy storage system has the advantages that an economic model of the energy storage system participating in primary frequency modulation in the whole life cycle is innovatively introduced, the optimal power and the energy configuration size of the energy storage system are obtained under the constraint condition of maximizing the benefit in the whole life cycle of the energy storage system, and the benefit of the energy storage system can be improved to the maximum extent; meanwhile, the invention can be suitable for different types of energy storage systems.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a signal distribution diagram (sample size 98365) of the frequency difference outside the dead zone within one week of the thermoelectric generation unit in the embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows an alternative
Calculating a histogram of the primary frequency modulation target power distribution of the energy storage system as a statistical sample;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the effect of a Gaussian distribution fit;
FIG. 5 shows the distribution of signals of frequency differences outside the dead zone within one week (sample size 61336) of the thermoelectric generator in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the selection
Calculating a histogram of the primary frequency modulation target power distribution of the energy storage system as a statistical sample;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the fit effect of Boltzman distribution.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are set forth merely to aid in the understanding of the invention. It should be noted that modifications can be made to the invention by a person skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and these modifications and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 of the present application provides a method for configuring power and energy of a primary frequency modulation energy storage system as shown in fig. 1:
(1) and determining the dead zone range of the energy storage system participating in primary frequency modulation.
The rated frequency of the Chinese power grid is 50 Hz, and the rated rotating speed of the corresponding thermal power generating unit is 3000 r/min. The range of the primary frequency modulation dead zone of the thermal power generating unit is-49.967 Hz-50.033 Hz. When the frequency of a power grid is in a range of-49.967 Hz-50.033 Hz (equivalent to a rotating speed of 2998-3002 r/min), the power regulation value required by the primary frequency modulation of the thermal power unit is 0; when the frequency exceeds-49.967 Hz-50.033 Hz, the thermal power generating unit needs to make power adjustment according to the change of the frequency.
In the embodiment, the dead zone adjusting range of the energy storage system is set to be consistent with the dead zone range of the thermal power generating unit, and the dead zone adjusting range is-49.967 Hz-50.033 Hz. If the energy storage system assists other hydroelectric or new energy units to participate in primary frequency modulation, the dead zone range of the units can be set by referring to local areas.
(2) And collecting the frequency of the power grid in the area where the energy storage system is located, and collecting historical data. Then, the collected historical data is used as a statistical sample, the data in the dead zone range of the energy storage system are removed, and a frequency difference signal statistical sample outside the dead zone range of the energy storage system is obtained
. Generally, the interval between historical data acquisitions
The shorter, the cycle span
The longer the length, the more representative the real frequency change situation of the area. But if spaced apart by a time
Too short, cycle span
Too long will result in too large data volume and increased computational difficulty.
The embodiment further separates the grid frequency acquisition time
Set to 1s, the cycle span of frequency sampling
The setting was 7 days.
FIG. 2 is a frequency difference signal distribution diagram (sample size is 98365) outside a dead zone within one week of a thermal power generating unit, and historical data acquisition time intervals are selected
Is 1s, a period span
Taking the frequency difference signal as a statistical sample for 7 days, and eliminating data in the dead zone range of the energy storage system to obtain frequency difference signal statistics
. It can be seen that the energy storage system is required to participate in primary frequency modulation of the grid for approximately 16.3% of the time over a 7 day sampling period span.
(3) Calculating the target power of the primary frequency modulation according to the frequency difference sample outside the dead zone and fitting a statistical distribution function, and specifically performing the following steps:
counting samples according to frequency difference outside dead zone
Calculating the target power of the unit by combining a unit primary frequency modulation calculation formula
The formula relationship between the frequency difference and the primary frequency modulation target power is as follows:
wherein δ is the rotational speed rate of inequality of thermal power generating unit governing system, and δ's scope is 3~ 6%, and δ that this embodiment chose for use is 5%.
The rated rotating speed of the unit is 3000 r/min.
For the rated load of the thermal power generating unit, the rated load of the thermal power generating unit selected in this embodiment is 660 MW. FIG. 3 is an alternative
And calculating a histogram of the primary frequency modulation target power distribution of the energy storage system as a statistical sample. It can be seen that the primary modulated power of the energy storage system approximately conforms to the probability distribution.
primary frequency modulated power
The positive and negative of (1) only represent output power and input power, and the corresponding energy storage system is in a charging and discharging mode. In order to calculate the integral electric quantity of the primary frequency modulation, the absolute value of the primary frequency modulation power is subjected to statistical distribution. And then fitting the target power absolute value distribution by adopting different probability density functions. The probability distribution functions include typical probability distribution functions such as gaussian distribution, cauchy distribution, Exponential distribution, logistic distribution, and Boltzman distribution. At the same time, using the decision coefficient
And evaluating the fitting degrees of different functions, and selecting the probability density with the highest fitting degree to perform the next calculation analysis.
Coefficient of determination
The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the sum of the squares of the residuals,
is the sum of the squares. The closer the statistic is to 1, the higher the fitness of the function.
Table 1 below shows the determination coefficients of the fitting of different probability density functions, and the gaussian distribution has the best fitting accuracy from the analysis result of the determination coefficients in the fitting effect graph of the gaussian distribution shown in fig. 4.
Table 1 table of decision coefficient values for fitting of different probability density functions in example 1
Therefore, in this embodiment, the function fitted by the gaussian distribution is selected as:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
indicating target power of primary frequency modulation
The power representing the primary frequency modulation being equal to the target power
The relative probability of occurrence in%;
(4) calculating the unit power input cost and the primary frequency modulation benefit of the energy storage system according to the type of the energy storage system:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the unit is ten thousand yuan/MW for the power conversion cost coefficient of the energy storage system.
The unit of the energy cost coefficient of the energy storage unit of the energy storage system is ten thousand yuan/MWh.
The range is generally 20 to 40, inclusive,
the size of the coefficients is determined by the type of energy storage system. The types of the energy storage systems for primary frequency modulation include lithium ion batteries, super capacitors, flywheel energy storage, nickel-metal hydride batteries and the like, and the energy cost coefficients of the different types of energy storage systems are shown in the following table 2; in the present embodiment, a nickel-metal hydride battery system is selected,
the value of the system is 30 and,
the coefficient takes the value of 600;
table 2 table of energy cost coefficients for different types of energy storage systems in example 1
Maximum discharge rate of combined energy storage system
And the minimum time required for supporting the primary frequency modulation
Considering factors, the power and energy of the energy storage system meet the following constraint conditions:
through calculation, the unit power input cost of the energy storage system
Can be judged by the following formula:
the shortest time required by the energy storage system to support the primary frequency modulation system
Generally 2-4 min. In the invention
The maximum use rate of the selected nickel-metal hydride battery energy storage system is 4min
Was 10C. The unit power cost of the nickel-hydrogen battery energy storage system is calculated by the formula
Is 90 ten thousand yuan/MW.
Calculating the cumulative distribution according to the distribution function of the primary frequency modulation power absolute value
In%, the formula is as follows:
then it is determined that,
then the optimal power of the energy storage system is represented as
The primary frequency modulation power is less than or equal to
Cumulative integration of (2):
setting the energy storage system to have the primary frequency modulation power less than or equal to
The power of the time can be fully responded, so that the primary frequency modulation power and the time are integrated in the statistical period, the accumulated integral electric quantity of the primary frequency modulation can be obtained, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the unit is MWh, and the unit is the accumulated integral electric quantity of primary frequency modulation in a statistical period;
in order to count the number of samples for the frequency difference outside the dead zone in the statistical period, in this embodiment
98365;
the time interval for collecting the historical data is in units of s. In this example, t is 1 s.
The gain of the primary frequency modulation is in direct proportion to the accumulated integral electric quantity of the power. Then, the profit of the energy storage system participating in the primary frequency modulation in the full life cycle can be obtained through profit expansion calculation in the statistical period, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the unit is ten thousand yuan for the total income of the primary frequency modulation of the unit.
The yield coefficient of the primary frequency modulation is in unit of ten thousand yuan/MWh.
The unit is the life of the energy storage system in the whole life cycle.
The statistical span period is in days.
The income coefficient of primary frequency modulation is related to policies of different places, and is generally 0-15. The primary fm gain factor selected in this embodiment is 5.
The life of the energy storage system participating in primary frequency modulation is generally 3-8 years, and in the embodiment, a nickel-hydrogen battery is selected as the type of the energy storage system, so that the service life of the energy storage system is the full life cycle
Taking 3 years as the calculation basis.
(5) Constructing a primary frequency modulation economic model of the energy storage system as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the economic profit condition of the energy storage system is shown, and the unit is ten thousand yuan. Therefore, the optimal power of the primary frequency modulation nickel-metal hydride battery energy storage system can be obtained through calculation and optimization of the maximum value of the economic model
The configuration is 5.6MWh, and the optimal energy of an energy storage system
The configuration was 0.56 MWh.
Example 2
The embodiment 2 of the present application provides another method for configuring power and energy of a primary frequency modulation energy storage system:
(1) and determining the dead zone range of the energy storage system participating in primary frequency modulation.
The dead zone adjusting range of the energy storage system in the embodiment of the invention is set to be consistent with the dead zone range of the thermal power generating unit, and is-49.967 Hz-50.033 Hz.
(2) And collecting the frequency of the power grid in the area where the energy storage system is located, and collecting historical data. Then, the collected historical data is used as a statistical sample, and the data in the dead zone range of the energy storage system are removed to obtain frequency difference signal statistics outside the dead zone
。
Further, the embodiment selects the interval time for collecting the grid frequency
1s, period span of frequency sampling
It was 7 days.
FIG. 5 is a time interval of collected historical data
Is 1s, a period span
Taking 7 days as a statistical sample, and eliminating frequency difference signal statistics obtained after frequency dead zone range
. It can be seen from this historical data that the energy storage system is required to participate in primary frequency modulation of the grid for approximately 10.1% of the time over the 7-day span of the sampling period.
(3) According to the frequency difference sample outside the dead zone, calculating the target power of the primary frequency modulation and fitting a statistical distribution function, specifically according to the following method:
counting samples according to frequency difference outside dead zone
Calculating the target power of the unit by combining a unit primary frequency modulation calculation formula
The formula relationship between the frequency difference and the primary frequency modulation target power is as follows:
wherein δ is the rotating speed unequal rate of the thermal power generating unit adjusting system, the range of δ is 3-6%, and the δ is selected to be 5% in the embodiment.
The rated rotating speed of the unit is 3000 r/min.
The rated load of the thermal power generating unit selected in the invention is 660 MW. FIG. 6 is an alternative
And calculating a histogram of the primary frequency modulation target power distribution of the energy storage system as a statistical sample.
primary frequency modulated power
The positive and negative of (1) only represent output power and input power, and the corresponding energy storage system is in a charging and discharging mode. In order to calculate the integral electric quantity of the primary frequency modulation, the absolute value of the primary frequency modulation power is subjected to statistical distribution. And then fitting the target power absolute value distribution by adopting different probability density functions. The probability distribution function includes a Gaussian distribution,Typical probability distribution functions include Cauchy distribution, Exponental distribution, logistic distribution, and Boltzman distribution. At the same time, using the decision coefficient
And evaluating the fitting degrees of different functions, and selecting the probability density with the highest fitting degree to perform the next calculation analysis.
Coefficient of determination
The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the sum of the squares of the residuals,
is the sum of the squares. The closer the statistic is to 1, the higher the fitness of the function. Table 3 below shows the fitting decision coefficients of different probability density functions, from the analysis result of the decision coefficients, the Boltzman distribution has the best fitting accuracy, and fig. 7 is a fitting effect graph of the Boltzman distribution.
Table 3 decision coefficient table for fitting of different probability density functions in example 2
Therefore, the function fitted by Boltzman distribution is selected as:
wherein the function y represents a primary frequency modulation power of
The relative probability of occurrence in% is.
(4) Calculating the unit power input cost and the primary frequency modulation benefit of the energy storage system according to the type of the energy storage system:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the unit is ten thousand yuan/MW for the power conversion cost coefficient of the energy storage system.
The unit of the energy cost coefficient of the energy storage unit of the energy storage system is ten thousand yuan/MWh.
The range is generally 20 to 40,
the magnitude of the coefficients is determined by the type of energy storage system. In this embodiment, a lithium ion battery system is selected as the type of the energy storage system. Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the value of the system is 30 and,
the coefficient takes the value of 150.
Maximum discharge rate of combined energy storage system
And the minimum time required for supporting the primary frequency modulation
In consideration of factors, the power and the energy of the energy storage system meet the following constraint conditions:
through calculation, the unit power input cost of the energy storage system
Can be judged by the following formula:
the shortest time required by the energy storage system to support the primary frequency modulation system
Generally 2-4 min. In this example
The selection is 4min, and the maximum utilization rate of the selected lithium ion battery energy storage system
Is 2C. The unit power cost of the energy storage system of the lithium ion battery is calculated by the formula
Is 105 ten thousand yuan/MW.
then it is determined that,
then the optimal power of the energy storage system is represented as
The primary frequency modulation power is less than or equal to
Cumulative integration of (2):
setting the energy storage system to have the primary frequency modulation power less than or equal to
The power of the time can be fully responded, so that the primary frequency modulation power and the time are integrated in the statistical period, the accumulated integral electric quantity of the primary frequency modulation can be obtained, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the unit is MWh for the accumulated integral electric quantity of the primary frequency modulation in the statistical period;
to count the frequency difference outside the dead zone in the period, the number of samples is counted in this embodiment
61336;
the time interval for collecting the historical data is in units of s. In the present example t is 1 s.
The gain of the primary frequency modulation is in direct proportion to the accumulated integral electric quantity of the power. Then, the profit of the energy storage system participating in the primary frequency modulation in the full life cycle can be obtained through profit expansion calculation in the statistical period, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the unit is ten thousand yuan for the total income of the primary frequency modulation of the unit.
The yield coefficient of the primary frequency modulation is in unit of ten thousand yuan/MWh.
The unit is the life of the energy storage system in the whole life cycle.
The statistical span period is in days.
The gain coefficient of the primary frequency modulation is related to policies of different places, and is generally 0-100. The primary fm gain factor selected in this example was taken to be 15.
The life of the energy storage system participating in primary frequency modulation is generally 3-8 years, and in the embodiment, the lithium ion battery is selected as the type of the energy storage system, so that the life of the energy storage system in the whole life cycle is prolonged
5 years are taken as the calculation basis.
(5) Constructing an energy storage system primary frequency modulation economic model as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the economic profit condition of the energy storage system is shown, and the unit is ten thousand yuan. Therefore, the optimal power of the primary frequency modulation lithium ion battery energy storage system can be obtained through calculation and optimization of the maximum value of the economic model
Configuration is 5.93MW, and the optimal energy of the energy storage system
The configuration was 2.97 MWh.
Example 3
The embodiment 3 of the present application provides another method for configuring power and energy of a primary frequency modulation energy storage system:
(1) and determining the dead zone range of the energy storage system participating in primary frequency modulation.
The dead zone adjusting range of the energy storage system in the embodiment of the invention is set to be consistent with the dead zone range of the thermal power generating unit, and is-49.967 Hz-50.033 Hz.
(2) And collecting the frequency of the power grid in the area where the energy storage system is located, and collecting historical data. Then, the collected historical data is used as a statistical sample, and the data in the dead zone range of the energy storage system are removed to obtain frequency difference signal statistics outside the dead zone
。
Further, the embodiment selects the interval time for collecting the grid frequency
1s, period span of frequency sampling
It was 7 days.
The embodiment selects the time interval for collecting historical data
Is 1s, a period span
Taking 7 days as a statistical sample, and eliminating frequency difference signal statistics obtained after frequency dead zone range
。
(3) Calculating the target power of the primary frequency modulation according to the frequency difference sample outside the dead zone and fitting a statistical distribution function, and specifically performing the following steps:
counting samples according to frequency difference outside dead zone
Calculating the target power of the unit by combining a unit primary frequency modulation calculation formula
The formula relationship between the frequency difference and the primary frequency modulation target power is as follows:
wherein δ is the rotating speed unequal rate of the thermal power generating unit adjusting system, the range of δ is 3-6%, and the δ is selected to be 5% in the embodiment.
The rated rotating speed of the unit is 3000 r/min.
The rated load of the thermal power generating unit selected in the invention is 660 MW.
primary frequency modulated power
The positive and negative of (1) only represent output power and input power, and the corresponding energy storage system is in a charging and discharging mode. In order to calculate the integral electric quantity of the primary frequency modulation, the absolute value of the primary frequency modulation power is subjected to statistical distribution. And then fitting the target power absolute value distribution by adopting different probability density functions. The probability distribution function includes typical probability distributions such as Gaussian distribution, Cauchy distribution, Exponential distribution, logistic distribution and Boltzman distributionAnd (4) distributing the function. At the same time, using the decision coefficient
And evaluating the fitting degrees of different functions, and selecting the probability density with the highest fitting degree to perform the next calculation analysis.
Coefficient of determination
The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the sum of the squares of the residuals,
is the sum of the squares. The closer the statistic is to 1, the higher the fitness of the function. Table 4 below shows the decision coefficients for the fitting of different probability density functions, and from the analysis results of the decision coefficients, the gaussian distribution has the best fitting accuracy.
Table 4 decision coefficient table for fitting of different probability density functions in example 3
Therefore, in this embodiment, the function fitted by the gaussian distribution is selected as:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
indicating target power of primary frequency modulation
Indicating that the power of the primary frequency modulation is equal to the target power
The relative probability of occurrence in units of%;
(4) calculating the unit power input cost and the primary frequency modulation benefit of the energy storage system according to the type of the energy storage system:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the unit is ten thousand yuan/MW for the power conversion cost coefficient of the energy storage system.
The unit of the energy cost coefficient of the energy storage unit of the energy storage system is ten thousand yuan/MWh.
The range is generally 20 to 40,
coefficient from energy storage systemDetermination of the type of system. In the embodiment, the flywheel energy storage is selected as the type of the energy storage system. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the value of the system is 40,
the coefficient takes the value 450.
Maximum discharge rate of combined energy storage system
And the minimum time required for supporting the primary frequency modulation
Considering factors, the power and energy of the energy storage system meet the following constraint conditions:
through calculation, the unit power input cost of the energy storage system
Can be judged by the following formula:
the shortest time required by the energy storage system to support the primary frequency modulation system
Generally 2-4 min. In this example
The maximum utilization ratio of the selected flywheel energy storage system is 4min
Is 5C. Calculated by the formula, the unit power cost of the flywheel battery energy storage system
Is 130 ten thousand yuan/MW.
then it is determined that,
then the optimal power of the energy storage system is represented as
The primary frequency modulation power is less than or equal to
Cumulative integration of (2):
setting the energy storage system to have the primary frequency modulation power less than or equal to
The power of the time can be fully responded, so that the primary frequency modulation power and the time are integrated in the statistical period, the accumulated integral electric quantity of the primary frequency modulation can be obtained, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the unit is MWh, and the unit is the accumulated integral electric quantity of primary frequency modulation in a statistical period;
in order to count the number of samples for the frequency difference outside the dead zone in the statistical period, in this embodiment
98365;
the time interval for collecting the historical data is in units of s. In this example, t is 1 s.
The gain of the primary frequency modulation is in direct proportion to the accumulated integral electric quantity of the power. Then, the profit of the energy storage system participating in the primary frequency modulation in the full life cycle can be obtained through profit expansion calculation in the statistical period, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the unit is ten thousand yuan for the total income of the primary frequency modulation of the unit.
The yield coefficient of the primary frequency modulation is in unit of ten thousand yuan/MWh.
The unit is the life of the energy storage system in the whole life cycle.
The statistical span period is in days.
The gain coefficient of the primary frequency modulation is related to policies in different places, and is generally 0-100. The primary fm gain factor selected in this embodiment is 5.
The service life of the energy storage system participating in primary frequency modulation is generally 3-8 years, in the embodiment, the flywheel energy storage is selected as the type of the energy storage system, and the service life of the energy storage system in the whole life cycle is long
8 years are taken as the calculation basis.
(5) Constructing an energy storage system primary frequency modulation economic model as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the economic profit condition of the energy storage system is shown, and the unit is ten thousand yuan. Therefore, the optimal power of the primary frequency modulation flywheel energy storage system can be obtained through calculation and optimization of the maximum value of the economic model
Configuration is 6.45MW, and the optimal energy of an energy storage system
The configuration was 1.29 MWh.
Example 4
The embodiment 4 of the present application provides another method for configuring power and energy of a primary frequency modulation energy storage system:
(1) and determining the dead zone range of the energy storage system participating in primary frequency modulation.
The dead zone adjusting range of the energy storage system in the embodiment of the invention is set to be consistent with the dead zone range of the thermal power generating unit, and is-49.967 Hz-50.033 Hz.
(2) And collecting the frequency of the power grid in the area where the energy storage system is located, and collecting historical data. Then, the collected historical data is used as a statistical sample, and the data in the dead zone range of the energy storage system are removed to obtain frequency difference signal statistics outside the dead zone
。
Further, the embodiment selects the collection interval time of the grid frequency
1s, period span of frequency sampling
It was 7 days.
The embodiment selects the time interval for collecting historical data
Is 1s, a period span
Taking 7 days as a statistical sample, and eliminating frequency difference signal statistics obtained after frequency dead zone range
。
(3) Calculating the target power of the primary frequency modulation according to the frequency difference sample outside the dead zone and fitting a statistical distribution function, and specifically performing the following steps:
counting samples according to frequency difference outside dead zone
Calculating the target power of the unit by combining a unit primary frequency modulation calculation formula
The formula relationship between the frequency difference and the primary frequency modulation target power is as follows:
wherein δ is the rotating speed unequal rate of the thermal power generating unit adjusting system, the range of δ is 3-6%, and the δ is selected to be 5% in the embodiment.
The rated rotating speed of the unit is 3000 r/min.
The rated load of the thermal power generating unit selected in the invention is 660 MW.
primary frequency modulated power
The positive and negative of (1) only represent output power and input power, and the corresponding energy storage system is in a charging and discharging mode. In order to calculate the integral electric quantity of the primary frequency modulation, the absolute value of the primary frequency modulation power is subjected to statistical distribution. Then adopting different probability density functions to the targetThe power absolute value distribution is fitted. The probability distribution functions include typical probability distribution functions such as gaussian distribution, cauchy distribution, Exponential distribution, logistic distribution, and Boltzman distribution. At the same time, using the decision coefficient
And evaluating the fitting degrees of different functions, and selecting the probability density with the highest fitting degree to perform the next calculation analysis.
Coefficient of determination
The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the sum of the squares of the residuals,
is the sum of the squares. The closer the statistic is to 1, the higher the fitness of the function. Table 5 below shows the decision coefficients for the fitting of different probability density functions, from the analysis results of the decision coefficients, the Boltzman distribution has the best fitting accuracy.
Table 5 decision coefficient table for fitting of different probability density functions in example 4
Therefore, in this embodiment, the function fitted by the Boltzman distribution is selected as:
wherein the function y represents a primary frequency modulation power of
The relative probability of occurrence in% is.
(4) Calculating the unit power input cost and the primary frequency modulation benefit of the energy storage system according to the type of the energy storage system:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the unit is ten thousand yuan/MW for the power conversion cost coefficient of the energy storage system.
The unit of the energy cost coefficient of the energy storage unit of the energy storage system is ten thousand yuan/MWh.
The range is generally 20 to 40, inclusive,
the magnitude of the coefficients is determined by the type of energy storage system. The supercapacitor system is selected as the type of energy storage system in this embodiment. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the value of the system is 30 and,
the coefficient takes the value 1350.
Maximum discharge rate of combined energy storage system
And the minimum time required for supporting the primary frequency modulation
Considering factors, the power and energy of the energy storage system meet the following constraint conditions:
through calculation, the unit power input cost of the energy storage system
Can be judged by the following formula:
the shortest time required by the energy storage system to support the primary frequency modulation system
Generally 2-4 min. In this example
The maximum utilization rate of the selected super capacitor energy storage system is 4min
Is 15C. Calculated by the formula, the unit power cost of the super capacitor energy storage system
Is 120 ten thousand yuan/MW.
then it is determined that,
then the optimal power of the energy storage system is represented as
The primary frequency modulation power is less than or equal to
Cumulative integration of (2):
setting the energy storage system to have the primary frequency modulation power less than or equal to
The time power can be fully responded, so that the primary frequency modulation power and time are integrated in a statistical period, and the accumulated integrated electric quantity of the primary frequency modulation can be obtained, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the unit is MWh, and the unit is the accumulated integral electric quantity of primary frequency modulation in a statistical period;
in order to count the number of samples for the frequency difference outside the dead zone in the statistical period, in this embodiment
61366;
the time interval for collecting historical data is in units of s. In the present example t is 1 s.
The gain of the primary frequency modulation is in direct proportion to the accumulated integral electric quantity of the power. Then, the profit of the energy storage system participating in the primary frequency modulation in the full life cycle can be obtained through profit expansion calculation in the statistical period, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the unit is ten thousand yuan for the total income of the primary frequency modulation of the unit.
The yield coefficient of the primary frequency modulation is in unit of ten thousand yuan/MWh.
The unit is the life of the energy storage system in the whole life cycle.
The statistical span period is in days.
The gain coefficient of the primary frequency modulation is related to policies of different places, and is generally 0-100. The primary fm gain factor selected in this example was taken to be 15.
The life of the energy storage system participating in primary frequency modulation is generally 3-8 years, and in the embodiment, the super capacitor is selected as the type of the energy storage system, so that the life of the energy storage system in the whole life cycle is prolonged
8 years are taken as the calculation basis.
(5) Constructing an energy storage system primary frequency modulation economic model as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the economic profit condition of the energy storage system is represented in ten thousand yuan. Therefore, the optimal power of the primary frequency modulation super capacitor battery energy storage system can be obtained through calculation and optimization of the maximum value of the economic model
Configuration is 6.30MW, and the optimal energy of an energy storage system
The configuration was 0.42 MWh.
TABLE 6 values of the parameters listed in the above examples
According to the parameter values listed in the examples 1 to 4 in the table 6, the data show that the method for configuring the power and energy of the primary frequency modulation energy storage system is applicable to nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium ion batteries, flywheel energy storage and super capacitor energy storage types.
Claims (9)
1. A method for configuring power and energy of a primary frequency modulation energy storage system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining a dead zone range when the energy storage system participates in primary frequency modulation;
s2, collecting the frequency of a regional power grid where the unit of the energy storage system is located, and collecting historical data; the collected historical data is used as a statistical sample, data in the dead zone range of the energy storage system are removed, and a frequency difference signal statistical sample outside the dead zone range of the energy storage system is obtained
In which
Representing the total number of statistical samples; determining the time length of the energy storage system participating in the primary frequency modulation of the power grid in the statistical period;
s3, counting samples according to the frequency difference signals outside the dead zone range of the energy storage system, calculating the target power of primary frequency modulation, and fitting a distribution function of the absolute value of the target power of the primary frequency modulation;
s4, determining the type of the energy storage system, and calculating the unit power input cost, the accumulated integral electric quantity of primary frequency modulation and the total income of primary frequency modulation of the energy storage system according to the type of the energy storage system;
and S5, constructing an economic model of the energy storage system participating in primary frequency modulation, and calculating the optimal power and energy of the energy storage system under the constraint condition of maximizing income.
2. The method for primary frequency modulated energy storage system power and energy allocation according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the dead zone when the energy storage system participates in the primary frequency modulation is the dead zone range of the unit where the energy storage system is located; step S2, the number of samples is counted according to the frequency difference outside the dead zone range in the energy storage system counting period
And collecting historical data time intervals
Determining the time length of the energy storage system participating in the primary frequency modulation of the power grid in the statistical period as
。
3. The method for power and energy allocation of a primary frequency modulated energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein step S3 specifically comprises the steps of:
s3.1, counting samples according to frequency difference signals outside the dead zone range when the energy storage system participates in primary frequency modulation
Calculating the target power of the unit during primary frequency modulation
：
In the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
is the target power of the unit during primary frequency modulation, delta is the rotating speed unequal rate of the unit adjusting system,
is the rated rotating speed of the machine set,
rated load of the unit;
s3.2, carrying out statistical distribution on the absolute value of the primary frequency modulation target power, and fitting the absolute value of the primary frequency modulation target power by adopting a probability density function; and evaluating the fitting degrees of different probability density functions by using the judgment coefficients, and selecting the probability density function with the highest fitting degree.
4. A method for primary frequency modulated energy storage system power and energy allocation as claimed in claim 3, characterized by: the range of delta in step S3.1 is 3-6%.
5. The method for primary frequency modulation energy storage system power and energy allocation according to claim 3, wherein the probability density function in step S3.2 comprises a Gaussian distribution, a Cauchy distribution, an Exponential distribution, a logistic distribution and a Boltzman distribution; has a determination coefficient of
The calculation formula of the judgment coefficient is as follows:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
is the sum of the squares of the residuals,
is the sum of the squares.
6. The method for primary frequency modulated energy storage system power and energy allocation of claim 5, wherein:
the function fitted with the gaussian distribution is chosen to be:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
the target power of the primary frequency modulation is represented,
indicating that the power of the primary frequency modulation is equal to the target power
The relative probability of occurrence in%;
the function fitted with the Boltzman distribution was chosen to be:
7. the method for primary frequency modulation energy storage system power and energy allocation according to claim 3, wherein the step S4 specifically comprises the steps of:
s4.1, assuming that the optimal power of the energy storage system is
The optimum energy of the energy storage system is
Then the total energy storage system cost is:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
the unit is ten thousand yuan/MW for the power conversion cost coefficient of the energy storage system;
the energy cost coefficient of an energy storage unit of the energy storage system is ten thousand yuan/MWh;
optimum power of energy storage system
And optimum energy
The following constraints are satisfied:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
the shortest time for supporting primary frequency modulation for the energy storage system is min;
the maximum discharge rate of the energy storage system;
total cost of energy storage system
And power of the energy storage system
Forming positive correlation:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
the unit power input cost of the energy storage system is saved;
calculating the unit power input cost of the energy storage system:
calculating the cumulative distribution according to the distribution function of the primary frequency modulation target power absolute value
In units of%;
s4.2, calculating the optimal power of the energy storage system as
When the primary frequency modulation power is less than or equal to
Accumulated integral of
(ii) a Setting the energy storage system to have the primary frequency modulation power less than or equal to
And (3) if the power is totally responded, integrating the primary frequency modulation power and time in a statistical period to obtain the accumulated integral electric quantity of the primary frequency modulation:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
the unit is MWh, and the unit is the accumulated integral electric quantity of primary frequency modulation in a statistical period;
counting the number of samples for the frequency difference outside the dead zone range in the counting period;
time intervals for collecting historical data are set in seconds;
s4.3, the income of the primary frequency modulation is in direct proportion to the accumulated integral electric quantity of the power, and the total income of the energy storage system participating in the primary frequency modulation in the whole life cycle is calculated through the income expansion in the statistical cycle:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
the total income of the energy storage system participating in primary frequency modulation in the whole life cycle is in ten thousand yuan;
the yield coefficient of the primary frequency modulation is in unit of ten thousand yuan/MWh;
the life of the energy storage system in the whole life cycle is expressed in years;
the statistical span period is in days.
8. The method of claim 7 for primary frequency modulated energy storage system power and energy allocation, wherein: in step S4.1
20-40 ten thousand yuan/MW; when the energy storage system is a lithium ion battery,
70-150 ten thousand yuan/MW; when the energy storage system is a nickel-metal hydride battery,
is 400-600 ten thousand yuan/MW; when the energy storage system is a super capacitor,
is 950-1350 ten thousand yuan/MW; when the energy storage system is used for storing energy for the flywheel,
is 440-450 ten thousand yuan/MW.
9. The method for primary frequency modulated energy storage system power and energy allocation of claim 7, wherein: the economic model of the energy storage system participating in the primary frequency modulation in the step S5 is as follows:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
the economic profit condition of the energy storage system is represented in ten thousand yuan;
the optimal power of the energy storage system.
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