CN114637027A - Fog-penetrating imaging method and imaging system based on weak light nonlinear effect - Google Patents
Fog-penetrating imaging method and imaging system based on weak light nonlinear effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a fog-penetrating imaging method and system based on a weak light nonlinear effect, and aims to solve the problem that under the condition of natural illumination, scatterers such as cloud and fog are too large in optical thickness and extremely low in signal-to-noise ratio, and therefore imaging cannot be effectively detected. The invention adopts the photorefractive crystal to generate the nonlinear photorefractive effect under the combined action of weak incoherent ballistic light and external voltage, and forms refractive index gradient potential in the crystal. Part of the weak energy scattered light is transferred to the ballistic light under the guidance of the refractive index gradient potential, the light intensity of the ballistic light is slightly enhanced, and meanwhile, a path of white light beam collinear with the ballistic light is introduced into the nonlinear photorefractive crystal to enhance the weak ballistic light. Under the guidance of the gradient potential of the refractive index in the crystal, part of white light energy is orderly transferred to the trajectory light, weak trajectory light enhancement and signal-to-noise ratio improvement are realized, and fog penetrating imaging under natural illumination is finally realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical imaging, in particular to a incoherent light fog-penetrating imaging method and system based on a weak light nonlinear effect.
Background
Currently, optical imaging techniques through scattering media such as clouds still face major challenges. When an imaging light beam passes through a scatterer such as a fog, Mie scattering of a large number of randomly distributed fog drops is carried out, the number of ballistic photons (unscattered photons) is exponentially reduced along with the increase of the optical thickness of the scatterer, the number of scattered photons is continuously increased, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the output light beam is reduced, and direct imaging cannot be carried out.
To solve this problem, various linear filtering imaging methods have been developed. Technologies such as range gating, spatial filtering, polarization imaging and the like play an important role in the field of scattering imaging. However, under natural illumination conditions, when the optical thickness of scatterers such as fog is too large, and the signal-to-noise ratio of ballistic light and scattered light is extremely low, these linear imaging techniques cannot effectively detect and image a target.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fog-penetrating imaging method and system based on a weak light nonlinear effect, and aims to solve the problem that under the condition of natural illumination, scatterers such as cloud and fog are too large in optical thickness and extremely low in signal-to-noise ratio, and therefore imaging cannot be effectively detected.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
the fog-penetrating imaging method based on the weak light nonlinear effect comprises the following steps:
receiving a weak natural light imaging light beam reflected by a target and attenuated and scattered by fog;
imaging the received natural light imaging light beam in a nonlinear photorefractive crystal and transmitting the natural light imaging light beam in the nonlinear photorefractive crystal;
thirdly, regulating the migration of carriers in the nonlinear photorefractive crystal by controlling the external voltage at two ends of the nonlinear photorefractive crystal to form an internal charge field; under the combined action of the average light intensity of the ballistic light and an electric field, refractive index gradient potential is formed inside the nonlinear photorefractive crystal, the nonlinear photorefractive effect occurs, and part of scattered light with weak energy is transferred to the ballistic light under the guidance of the refractive index gradient potential, so that the light intensity of the ballistic light is enhanced;
step four, after being collimated, white light beams emitted by the white light source enter the nonlinear photorefractive crystal in the same way as the natural light imaging light beams, and at the moment, partial white light beams with strong light intensity are transferred to trajectory light under the guidance of the refractive index gradient potential formed in the step three, so that the light intensity of the trajectory light is effectively enhanced within the propagation distance of the crystal, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the imaging light beams is improved;
and step five, imaging the trajectory light which is output by the nonlinear photorefractive crystal and is enhanced by the white light and the uniform white light background which is not transferred on a low-noise detector.
The fog-penetrating imaging system based on the weak light nonlinear effect comprises a receiving optical lens, a beam splitter, a white light source, a light beam collimating mirror, a weak light nonlinear unit, an imaging lens and a low-noise detector, wherein the receiving optical lens is used for receiving the light beam; the weak light nonlinear unit comprises a nonlinear photorefractive crystal and a voltage source, and the voltage source is used for adjusting the voltage at two ends of the nonlinear photorefractive crystal; the receiving optical lens is used for receiving the low signal-to-noise ratio natural light imaging light beam reflected by the target and attenuated and scattered by the fog; the beam splitter, the nonlinear photorefractive crystal, the imaging lens and the low-noise detector are sequentially arranged on the light path of the natural light imaging light beam; the white light source and the light beam collimating mirror are arranged on a light path vertical to the natural light imaging light beam and are used for enhancing weak ballistic optical signals in the nonlinear photorefractive crystal; the light beam collimating mirror is arranged at the output end of the white light source and is used for collimating the white light beam; the beam splitter is used for coupling the natural light imaging light beam and the collimated white light beam into the nonlinear photorefractive crystal, and the white light beam and the natural light imaging light beam are in the same path; the weak light nonlinear unit is used for generating a photorefractive effect by natural light imaging light beams and forming refractive index gradient potential in the nonlinear photorefractive crystal, so that white light coupled into the crystal is guided to be transferred to ballistic light, and weak ballistic light signal enhancement is realized; the imaging lens is used for imaging the ballistic optical signal with enhanced intensity and signal-to-noise ratio output by the nonlinear photorefractive crystal to a low-noise detector.
Further, the ratio of the transmittance to the reflectance of the beam splitter is 90/10, i.e. the transmittance of the imaging beam of natural light is 90%, and the reflectance of the white light of the LED is 10%, so as to ensure that enough ballistic light enters the crystal.
Further, the white light source is an LED white light source, and the emission power of the LED white light source is greater than 20 muW.
Further, the nonlinear photorefractive crystal adopts Sr0.75Ba0.25Nb2O3The electro-optic coefficient is gamma331340pm/V, and the carbon-plated water electrodes at two sides of the nonlinear photorefractive crystal are connected with an external voltage source.
Further, the size of the nonlinear photorefractive crystal is 5.5mm × 5mm × 10 mm.
Further, the low noise detector is a low noise CCD.
Further, the average power of the natural light imaging light beam received by the receiving optical lens is in the order of nW.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. aiming at the problem that the conventional linear filtering technology cannot realize effective detection imaging when the optical thickness of scatterers such as cloud and fog is too large and the signal-to-noise ratio is extremely low under the condition of natural illumination. The fog-penetrating imaging method based on the weak light nonlinear effect can effectively detect and image a target under natural illumination and when the optical thickness of the large fog is too large by effectively enhancing weak ballistic light and enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio, and is a novel fog-penetrating imaging method.
2. Aiming at the problem of weak incoherent ballistic light enhancement with low signal-to-noise ratio, weak ballistic light enhancement needs to be realized, meanwhile, effective improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio needs to be realized, and the traditional optical amplification technology cannot be realized. The invention adopts the nonlinear photorefractive crystal to generate the nonlinear photorefractive effect under the combined action of weak incoherent ballistic light and an external voltage, and forms refractive index gradient potential in the nonlinear photorefractive crystal. Part of the less energetic scattered light is diverted to the ballistic light under the guidance of the refractive index gradient potential, enhancing the ballistic light intensity very slightly.
3. Because the scattering noise entering the nonlinear photorefractive crystal is weak and the enhancement of the light intensity of the ballistic light is not obvious, the invention firstly provides a method for introducing a path of white light beam collinear with the ballistic light into the nonlinear photorefractive crystal to enhance the weak ballistic light. Under the guidance of the gradient potential of the refractive index in the crystal, part of white light energy is orderly transferred to the ballistic light, and weak ballistic light enhancement and signal-to-noise ratio improvement are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a fog-penetrating imaging method based on a weak light nonlinear effect in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fog-penetrating imaging system based on a weak light nonlinear effect in an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals: 1-receiving optical lens, 2-beam splitter, 3-white light source, 4-beam collimator, 5-nonlinear photorefractive crystal, 6-voltage source, 7-imaging lens and 8-low noise detector.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, advantages and features of the present invention more clear, the following describes the fog-penetrating imaging method and imaging system based on the low-light nonlinear effect in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The system and the method of the invention realize effective detection imaging when the optical thickness of the scatterer is too large and the signal-to-noise ratio is extremely low under the natural illumination condition by enhancing the light energy of the trajectory. The weak light nonlinear effect has unique advantages in the aspect of processing low signal-to-noise ratio weak light signals, the nonlinear photorefractive effect can realize weak incoherent light signal amplification and image reconstruction, and a new method is provided for target detection imaging when the optical thickness of scattering media such as cloud and mist under natural illumination is too large.
As shown in fig. 1, the fog-penetrating imaging method based on the low-light nonlinear effect provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
receiving a natural light imaging light beam reflected by a target through a receiving optical lens 1;
the natural light imaging light beam reflected by the target is influenced by attenuation and scattering of the fog, the light intensity of the ballistic light is exponentially reduced along with the increase of the optical thickness of the fog, and the scattered light is increased along with the increase of the optical thickness of the fog and is changed into the natural light imaging light beam with weak light intensity and extremely low signal-to-noise ratio; at this time, the average power of the natural light imaging light beam received by the receiving optical lens 1 is in the nW magnitude, and the signal-to-noise ratio is extremely low, so that the natural light imaging light beam cannot be effectively detected by a traditional imaging system;
imaging the weak natural light imaging light beam received by the receiving optical lens 1 in the nonlinear photorefractive crystal 5 through the beam splitter 2, and transmitting the light beam in the nonlinear photorefractive crystal 5;
thirdly, controlling external voltages at two ends of the nonlinear photorefractive crystal 5 through a voltage source 6 to adjust the internal carrier migration of the nonlinear photorefractive crystal 5 to form an internal charge field; under the combined action of the average light intensity of the ballistic light and the electric field, a refractive index gradient potential is formed inside the nonlinear photorefractive crystal 5, a nonlinear photorefractive effect occurs, and part of scattered light with weak energy is transferred to the ballistic light under the guidance of the refractive index gradient potential, so that the light intensity of the ballistic light is enhanced;
because the received light beam enters the nonlinear photorefractive crystal 5 under the limitation of the limited aperture of the crystal and the scattering light intensity effectively transmitted is weaker, the enhancement effect is not obvious, and effective imaging still cannot be realized at the moment;
step four, in order to realize effective enhancement of ballistic light, a method of adding a path of white light in an imaging system is provided, and weak ballistic light is enhanced through the white light with strong light intensity; after being collimated by the collimating mirror, white light beams emitted by the white light source 3 enter the light refraction crystal through the beam splitter 2 in the same way as the natural light imaging light beams, and at the moment, partial white light with stronger light intensity is transferred to trajectory light under the guidance of the gradient potential of the refractive index inside the crystal formed in the step three, the light intensity of the trajectory light is effectively enhanced within the transmission distance of the nonlinear light refraction crystal 5, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the imaging light beams is improved;
and step five, imaging the ballistic light which is output by the nonlinear photorefractive crystal 5 and is enhanced by the white light and the uniform white light background which is not transferred through an imaging lens 7, and acquiring and recording imaging information by a low-noise detector 8.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention further provides a fog-penetrating imaging system based on the weak light nonlinear effect for implementing the above method, the system includes a receiving optical lens 1, a beam splitter 2, a white light source 3, a beam collimator 4, a weak light nonlinear unit, an imaging lens 7 and a low noise detector 8; the weak light nonlinear unit comprises a nonlinear photorefractive crystal 5 and a voltage source 6, wherein the voltage source 6 is used for adjusting the voltage at two ends of the nonlinear photorefractive crystal 5; the receiving optical lens 1 is used for receiving the low signal-to-noise ratio natural light imaging light beam reflected by the target and attenuated and scattered by the fog, and imaging the target in the nonlinear photorefractive crystal 5 through the beam splitter 2; the beam splitter 2, the nonlinear photorefractive crystal 5, the imaging lens 7 and the low-noise detector 8 are sequentially arranged on the light path of the natural light imaging light beam; the white light source 3 is arranged on a vertical light path of the natural light imaging light beam and used for enhancing weak ballistic optical signals in the nonlinear photorefractive crystal 5; the light beam collimating mirror 4 is arranged on the white light path and is used for collimating the white light beam; the beam splitter 2 is used for coupling the collimated white light beam into the nonlinear photorefractive crystal 5 and has the same path with the natural light imaging light beam; the weak light nonlinear unit is used for generating a photorefractive effect by imaging light beams and forming refractive index gradient potential inside the nonlinear photorefractive crystal 5, so that white light coupled into the crystal is guided to be transferred to ballistic light, and weak ballistic light signal enhancement and signal-to-noise ratio improvement are realized; the imaging lens 7 is used for imaging the ballistic optical signal with enhanced intensity and signal-to-noise ratio output by the photorefractive crystal on the low-noise detector 8, and the low-noise detector 8 is used for collecting and recording imaging information.
In the embodiment of the invention, the white light source 3 is an LED white light source, the emission power of the continuous light source is greater than 20 μ W, the emitted white light forms a beam-collimated white light beam through the beam collimator 4, and the power of the beam-collimated white light beam affects the gain of the ballistic light. The ratio of the transmissivity and the reflectivity of the beam splitter 2 is 90/10, namely the transmissivity to the natural light imaging light beam is 90%, the reflectivity to the white light beam is 10%, so as to ensure that enough ballistic light enters the nonlinear photorefractive crystal 5, and the nonlinear photorefractive crystal 5 adopts Sr0.75Ba0.25Nb2O3The electro-optic coefficient is gamma331340pm/V, the carbon-plated water electrodes on two sides of the crystal are connected with an external voltage source 6, and the size of the nonlinear photorefractive crystal 5 can be 5.5mm multiplied by 5mm multiplied by 10 mm. Under the combined action of weak ballistic light intensity and external voltage, a refractive index gradient potential is formed inside the nonlinear photorefractive crystal 5, and when the average power of weak ballistic light entering the crystal is about 20nW, the tuning external voltage is 3200V, and a larger refractive index gradient potential can be formed inside the nonlinear photorefractive crystal 5.
Claims (8)
1. A fog-penetrating imaging method based on a low-light nonlinear effect is characterized by comprising the following steps:
receiving a weak natural light imaging light beam reflected by a target and attenuated and scattered by fog;
imaging the received natural light imaging light beam in a nonlinear photorefractive crystal and transmitting the natural light imaging light beam in the nonlinear photorefractive crystal;
thirdly, regulating the migration of carriers in the nonlinear photorefractive crystal by controlling the external voltage at two ends of the nonlinear photorefractive crystal to form an internal charge field; under the combined action of the average light intensity of the ballistic light and an electric field, refractive index gradient potential is formed inside the nonlinear photorefractive crystal, the nonlinear photorefractive effect occurs, and part of scattered light with weak energy is transferred to the ballistic light under the guidance of the refractive index gradient potential, so that the light intensity of the ballistic light is enhanced;
step four, after being collimated, white light beams emitted by the white light source enter the nonlinear photorefractive crystal in the same way as the natural light imaging light beams, and at the moment, partial white light beams with strong light intensity are transferred to trajectory light under the guidance of the refractive index gradient potential formed in the step three, so that the light intensity of the trajectory light is effectively enhanced within the propagation distance of the crystal, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the imaging light beams is improved;
and step five, imaging the trajectory light which is output by the nonlinear photorefractive crystal and is enhanced by the white light and the uniform white light background which is not transferred on a low-noise detector.
2. A fog-penetrating imaging system based on weak light nonlinear effect is characterized in that: the device comprises a receiving optical lens (1), a beam splitter (2), a white light source (3), a light beam collimating mirror (4), a weak light nonlinear unit, an imaging lens (7) and a low-noise detector (8);
the weak light nonlinear unit comprises a nonlinear photorefractive crystal (5) and a voltage source (6), wherein the voltage source (6) is used for adjusting the voltage at two ends of the nonlinear photorefractive crystal (5);
the receiving optical lens (1) is used for receiving the low signal-to-noise ratio natural light imaging light beam reflected by the target and attenuated and scattered by the fog; the beam splitter (2), the nonlinear photorefractive crystal (5), the imaging lens (7) and the low-noise detector (8) are sequentially arranged on a light path of a natural light imaging light beam;
the white light source (3) is arranged on a light path vertical to the natural light imaging light beam and used for enhancing weak ballistic optical signals in the nonlinear photorefractive crystal (5); the light beam collimating mirror (4) is arranged at the output end of the white light source (3) and is used for collimating the white light beam;
the beam splitter (2) is used for coupling the natural light imaging light beam and the collimated white light beam into the nonlinear photorefractive crystal (5), and the white light beam and the natural light imaging light beam are in the same path;
the weak light nonlinear unit is used for generating a photorefractive effect by natural light imaging light beams and forming refractive index gradient potential in the nonlinear photorefractive crystal (5), so that white light coupled into the crystal is guided to transfer to ballistic light, and weak ballistic light signal enhancement is realized;
the imaging lens (7) is used for imaging the ballistic optical signal with enhanced intensity and signal-to-noise ratio output by the nonlinear photorefractive crystal (5) to a low-noise detector (8).
3. The fog-penetrating imaging system based on the weak light nonlinear effect as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the ratio of the transmittance to the reflectivity of the beam splitter (2) is 90/10, namely the transmittance of the imaging light beam of natural light is 90%, and the reflectivity of the imaging light beam of LED white light is 10%, so as to ensure enough ballistic light to enter the crystal.
4. The fog-penetrating imaging system based on the weak light nonlinear effect as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the white light source (3) is an LED white light source, and the emission power of the LED white light source is more than 20 mu W.
5. The fog-penetrating imaging system based on the weak light nonlinear effect as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the nonlinear photorefractive crystal (5) adopts Sr0.75Ba0.25Nb2O3The electro-optic coefficient is gamma331340pm/V, and carbon-plated water electrodes at two sides of the nonlinear photorefractive crystal (5) are connected with an external voltage source (6).
6. The fog-penetrating imaging system based on the weak light nonlinear effect as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the size of the nonlinear photorefractive crystal (5) is 5.5mm multiplied by 5mm multiplied by 10 mm.
7. The fog-penetrating imaging system based on the weak light nonlinear effect as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the low-noise detector (8) is a low-noise CCD.
8. The fog-penetrating imaging system based on the weak light nonlinear effect as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the average power of the natural light imaging light beam received by the receiving optical lens (1) is in the nW order.
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