CN114636980A - Polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission model establishing method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission model establishing method and a system, comprising the following steps: unifying theoretical models of wired link and wireless link polarized signal transmission; step two, establishing a system model aiming at the polarized SAR system of 'alternately transmitting and simultaneously receiving'; and step three, carrying out mathematical abstraction on the system model to obtain a mathematical model of the polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission. The invention establishes a model of satellite-ground full link transmission of the multi-polarization SAR satellite polarization signal, a theoretical model of the model unifies a wired link and a wireless link, a system model of the model realizes the link influence factor analysis of the multi-polarization SAR satellite polarization signal transmission, and a mathematical model of the model realizes the quantitative calculation of influence factors of all links in the multi-polarization SAR satellite polarization signal transmission process. The invention is suitable for multi-polarization SAR satellite of 'alternate transmitting and receiving simultaneously'.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of multi-polarization synthetic aperture radars, in particular to a polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission model establishing method and system.
Background
Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR) are widely used in various fields, such as flood monitoring, ocean monitoring, agricultural census, topographic mapping and the like, due to all-weather high-resolution earth observation capability all day long. The multi-polarization SAR can acquire polarization information with richer targets, so that the advantages of interpretation and quantification application of the polarization SAR image are more obvious.
For a multi-polarization SAR image, accurate measurement of a target polarization scattering matrix is a fundamental problem of research in the field of polarization SAR, and accurate acquisition of the target polarization scattering matrix can provide powerful guarantee for subsequent applications such as polarization detection and target identification. Under an ideal state, no energy leakage exists between the polarization channels of the polarized SAR system, the polarization channels do not influence each other, and the amplitude-phase characteristics of the two polarization channels are consistent. However, due to the fact that the isolation between the polarization channels of the multi-polarization SAR system is not high enough, the complete consistency cannot be achieved in engineering, and the influence of various factors such as the complex transmission characteristic of electromagnetic waves in a space link, distortion can be introduced into a polarization scattering matrix measured by the multi-polarization SAR system. Therefore, a transmission model of the polarized signals in the satellite-ground full link needs to be established so as to analyze, decompose and control errors introduced in each link.
The intellectual achievement of the job is compared with the prior art at home and abroad and the closest prior art achievement:
the related technologies are disclosed in document 1 in the article of Polarimetric SAR Internal Calibration Scheme Based on TR Module Orthogonal Phase Coding, document 2 in the article of distributed dual-polarization satellite mobile MIMO channel model, and document 3 in the article of simultaneous full polarization measurement and Calibration technology for polarization radar. Document 1, however, only analyzes the system model related to the TR component in the SAR system radio frequency link; document 2 is a mobile MIMO channel establishment model for a distributed dual-polarized satellite, and performs theoretical model analysis on an MIMO system formed by polarization diversity and space diversity, which is different from a polarization SAR system in working mode; document 3 introduces a new method for simultaneous full polarization measurement based on a fuzzy function matrix for the problem of polarization measurement errors in the conventional simultaneous full polarization measurement technology, which is a research for end-to-end measurement of polarization errors and does not perform an expansion analysis on a polarization signal transmission link.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission model establishing method and system.
The method for establishing the polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission model comprises the following steps:
unifying theoretical models: unifying theoretical models of wired link and wireless link polarized signal transmission;
a system model establishing step: establishing a system model aiming at a polarized SAR system of 'alternate transmission and simultaneous reception';
a mathematical abstract model establishing step: and (4) carrying out mathematical abstraction on the system model to obtain a mathematical model of the polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission.
Preferably, the theoretical model for unified wired link and wireless link polarized signal transmission mathematically equates a four-port network transmission model of radio frequency signals in a wired link with a Jones vector model of electromagnetic waves in a spatial wireless link.
Preferably, aiming at a polarized SAR system with 'alternate transmission and simultaneous reception', a polarized signal on-satellite transmission link, a space wireless link and an on-satellite receiving link are respectively subjected to system modeling, and link influence factor analysis of polarized signal transmission is carried out.
Preferably, mathematical abstraction is performed on each link in the system model according to a theoretical model to obtain a polarized signal transmission matrix of each link, and the mathematical model corresponding to the satellite-ground full link system model is a product operation of the polarized signal transmission matrices of each link.
Preferably, for the system model of 'alternate transmission and simultaneous reception', when mathematical abstraction is performed, the mathematical abstraction of each link is obtained according to H, V signal alternate transmission respectively, and a pair of 'H-V' signals jointly form a complete polarization scattering matrix representation of the target.
The invention provides a polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission model building system, which comprises the following modules:
a theoretical model unifying module: unifying theoretical models of wired link and wireless link polarized signal transmission;
a system model establishing module: establishing a system model aiming at a polarized SAR system of 'alternate transmission and simultaneous reception';
the mathematical abstract model building module comprises: and (4) carrying out mathematical abstraction on the system model to obtain a mathematical model of the polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission.
Preferably, the theoretical model for unified wired link and wireless link polarized signal transmission mathematically equates a four-port network transmission model of radio frequency signals in a wired link with a Jones vector model of electromagnetic waves in a spatial wireless link.
Preferably, aiming at a polarized SAR system with 'alternate transmission and simultaneous reception', a polarized signal on-satellite transmission link, a space wireless link and an on-satellite receiving link are respectively subjected to system modeling, and link influence factor analysis of polarized signal transmission is carried out.
Preferably, mathematical abstraction is performed on each link in the system model according to a theoretical model to obtain a polarized signal transmission matrix of each link, and the mathematical model corresponding to the satellite-ground full link system model is a product operation of the polarized signal transmission matrices of each link.
Preferably, for the system model of 'alternate transmission and simultaneous reception', when mathematical abstraction is performed, the mathematical abstraction of each link is obtained according to H, V signal alternate transmission respectively, and a pair of 'H-V' signals jointly form a complete polarization scattering matrix representation of the target.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can be generally suitable for multi-polarization SAR satellites with alternate emission and simultaneous reception, and after the model is established, the error factors in the whole process of polarization signal transmission can be quantitatively analyzed based on the model so as to control the multi-polarization SAR satellites.
2. The system model of the invention realizes the analysis of the link influence factors of the multi-polarization SAR satellite polarization signal transmission, and the mathematical model realizes the quantitative calculation of the influence factors of each link in the multi-polarization SAR satellite polarization signal transmission process.
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Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a signal four-port network transmission model.
Fig. 3 is a system model of a polarized signal transmission link according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a polarization signal transmission model introduced by polarization plane rotation proposed by the present invention.
Fig. 5 and fig. 6 are mathematical models of the polarized signal transmission link proposed by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 6, the method and system for establishing a polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission model provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
unifying theoretical models of wired link and wireless link polarized signal transmission;
step two, establishing a system model aiming at the polarized SAR system of 'alternately transmitting and simultaneously receiving';
and step three, carrying out mathematical abstraction on the system model to obtain a mathematical model of the polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission.
The steps unify theoretical models for wired link and wireless link polarized signal transmission. In the process of polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission, signals are embodied in two forms: one is the signal in the wired link of the system, which is characterized by the amplitude and phase of the electrical signal; the other is a signal in a spatial wireless link, which is characterized by the amplitude and phase of an electric field in an electromagnetic wave.
In a wired signal transmission link of a polarized SAR system, a transmission model of a four-port network is generally adopted for analysis, as shown in fig. 2. Recording the input signals of the two channels as H respectivelytAnd VtOutput signals are respectively HrAnd VrThe signal transfer coefficients from the two input ports to the two output ports are respectively: alpha is alphaHH-from HtPort to HrTransfer coefficient of port, alphaVH-from HtPort to VrTransfer coefficient of port, αHV-from VtPort to HrTransfer coefficient of port, alphaVV-from VtPort to VrThe transfer coefficient of the port. The two-channel output signal and the two-channel input signal satisfy the transmission relationship shown in formula (1), i.e., the transmission model of the four-port network.
The signals are complex signals (including amplitude and phase), and the transfer coefficients are complex transfer coefficients (including gain to signal amplitude and time delay to signal phase).
For electromagnetic waves excited by dot frequency signals, the electric field thereof
I.e. a simple harmonic electric field, can be expressed as two normalized orthogonal bases
And
complex component E ofhAnd EvLinear combinations of (c).
Expressed as a Jones vector:
the Jones vector reflects the complex component of the (H, V) projection of the electric field vector on two orthogonal bases.
Because the electromagnetic scattering process of the radar target is a linear process, a scattering space coordinate system and a corresponding polarization base are selected, linear transformation relation exists between polarization components of radar radiation waves and target scattering waves, and the variable polarization effect of the target can be represented in the form of a complex two-dimensional matrix, namely a polarization scattering matrix [ S ] of the target]. If the Jones vector of the radar radiation wave (target incident wave) is recorded as
The Jones vector of the radar echo (the scattered wave of the target) is
This linear transformation has been performedThe equation can be expressed as equation (4):
Where hh represents the coefficient of scattering of the H-polarized incident wave into the H-polarized echo by the target, vh represents the coefficient of scattering of the H-polarized incident wave into the V-polarized echo by the target, hv represents the coefficient of scattering of the V-polarized incident wave into the H-polarized echo by the target, and vv represents the coefficient of scattering of the V-polarized incident wave into the V-polarized echo by the target, both of which are complex coefficients.
For a multi-polarization SAR system using the "alternate transmission and simultaneous reception" mode, an H-polarized wave and a V-polarized wave are alternately transmitted, and the H-polarized wave and the V-polarized wave are simultaneously received, respectively, and the relationship between the transmission Jones vector and the reception Jones vector is as shown in formulas (5) to (7) without considering any error:
h transmit, H and V receive simultaneously:
V transmit, H and V receive simultaneously:
Since the H, V signals transmitted alternately are identical except for orthogonal polarization directions, there are:
in summary, as can be seen from the four-port network transmission model formula (1) for system wired link signal transmission and the electromagnetic scattering model formula (4) for spatial wireless link signal transmission, the two models are equivalent in mathematical form in the whole satellite-ground link in which the satellite-borne multi-polarization SAR operates, and can be used as a basic model for full link signal transmission analysis. In addition, through the analysis of the multi-polarization SAR system in the working mode of 'alternate transmission and simultaneous reception', a pair of H-V signals can completely describe the polarization scattering matrix of the target.
And step two, establishing a system model for the polarized SAR system of 'alternately transmitting and simultaneously receiving', and establishing a satellite-ground all-link polarized signal transmission model of the SAR system when in multi-polarization imaging work by taking the working process of 'transmitting H polarized signals and receiving H, V polarized signals' as an example on the basis of the theoretical model, as shown in fig. 3.
(1) After the reference frequency source generates an H signal, the H signal is modulated to a required frequency band through a frequency modulation source, and then the H signal enters microwave combination after being amplified in power by a pre-amplifier. In the link, the channel experienced by the signal is H, V common channel, there is no polarization crosstalk, and there is no inter-channel amplitude-phase imbalance.
(2) When a signal passes through a polarization switch in a microwave combination, partial signal leaks to a V transmitting channel due to the switching of the polarization switch, and the signal is changed from a single H polarization signal to H, V, and all signals exist in a transmission channel.
(3) After the polarization switch, before the signal reaches the antenna waveguide array surface, the signal passes through an antenna transmitting channel consisting of a microwave switch, each stage of power divider, a delay amplifying component, a T/R component and an interconnection cable, and considering that the H antenna transmitting channel and the V antenna transmitting channel are mutually independent on a device, the isolation degree of the polarization signals between the two parts is higher, and the polarization crosstalk does not exist; however, both have respective transfer coefficients (i.e., the transmission gain and the delay of the signal are not consistent for the two channels) due to the inconsistency of the engineering devices. At the end of the section of transmission channel, because of adopting an alternate transmission mode, when transmitting the H polarization signal, only the T/R component of the H channel works, thereby realizing the amplification of the signal; and the T/R component of the V channel is in a closed state, so that even if a signal leaked to the V channel from the front end is emitted.
(4) When a signal reaches an antenna radiation array surface and is emitted, certain polarization crosstalk exists between the H polarization radiation unit and the V polarization radiation unit; meanwhile, the amplitude phase of the H-polarized signal and the amplitude phase of the V-polarized signal are inconsistent due to the inconsistency of the H, V polarized radiation units in engineering processing. Since the function of the antenna radiation front is to convert the electric signal into electromagnetic wave and emit it, the transmission coefficient of the antenna radiation front should be described in the electromagnetic wave, such as the antenna pattern.
(5) When an electric signal in a wired link of a system is converted into an electromagnetic wave in a space wireless link, an H-V polarization plane formed by H polarized waves and V polarized waves in an ideal state should meet the condition that the H direction is consistent with the horizontal line direction, and the V direction is orthogonal to the H direction. However, due to factors such as thermal deformation of the antenna radiation unit in engineering, the generated H-polarized wave and V-polarized wave have components in the other polarization direction, and the rotation of the antenna front caused by the attitude change of the satellite platform and the faraday rotation of the polarized electromagnetic wave caused by the space ionosphere cause the overall rotation of the H-V polarization plane, which results in the projection component of the H (or V) polarized wave in the V (or H) direction, i.e. polarization crosstalk is generated. The transmission model of the polarization signal introduced by the rotation of the polarization plane is shown in fig. 4.
(6) In the process that electromagnetic waves reach a ground object target and return through target scattering, because different targets generate a variable polarization effect to polarized waves to a certain degree, variable polarization generated by the characteristics of the targets can be taken as a transmission model of the polarized electromagnetic waves by the targets, and the transmission model is added into a polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission model.
(7) For a target echo, when the target echo passes through the ionosphere again, reaches the antenna radiation front, enters the H slot and the V slot, the same polarization plane rotation as that in transmission occurs, and in a very short time, the rotation projection component can be regarded as the same.
(8) When the target echo passes through the antenna radiation array, the same polarization crosstalk and the same polarization signal amplitude inconsistency as those in transmission also exist. In theory, the signal transfer coefficient should be the same for antenna reception and transmission, depending on the reciprocity of the antennas. However, in engineering, antenna transmission and reception directional diagrams should be measured respectively, and signal transfer coefficients are obtained according to measured parameters.
(9) The target echo is converted into an electric signal through the antenna radiation array surface and then reaches the microwave combination through the antenna receiving channel. Considering that the H and V antenna receiving channels are two parts which are independent from each other on the device, the isolation degree of the polarized signals between the H and V antenna receiving channels is higher, and no polarization crosstalk exists; however, both have their own transfer coefficients due to engineering device inconsistencies.
(10) When a target echo signal is subjected to microwave combination, the target echo signal is not selected by a polarization switch, but directly input into two independent radar receivers in parallel by two paths respectively through a circulator, and then input into ADCs of two independent channels in a data former respectively for analog-to-digital conversion.
(11) When a target echo signal is subjected to analog-to-digital conversion of the ADC, quantization inconsistency of two channels is caused by jitter of a sampling clock, so that amplitude inconsistency between the two channels is caused.
(12) After the analog signal is changed into the digital signal, the problems of polarization crosstalk and amplitude-phase imbalance among polarization channels do not exist any more, and the establishment of the polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission system model is finished.
And step three, carrying out mathematical abstraction on the system model to obtain a mathematical model of polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission, and establishing a mathematical model corresponding to the engineering system model according to the system model and the theoretical model of polarized signal link transmission. To simplify the mathematical model, the links in the system model having the same transfer model may be combined, and the simplified mathematical model is shown in fig. 5.
According to the mathematical model shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that in the whole polarized signal transmission link, each link conforms to the basic theoretical model. The transmission mathematical model of the H and V signals obtained according to the model is as follows:
transmission H receives H and V:
transmit V receive H and V:
the above model formulas can be further combined and simplified according to the combination law of the matrix:
transmission H receives H and V:
transmit V receive H and V:
for the working mode of alternate transmission and simultaneous reception, when H, V signals are transmitted alternately, the transmission model of the receiving channel signal is the same as the transmission model of the polarization plane rotation, only the transmission model of the transmitting channel is different, and the transmission models of a pair of H-V signals can be obtained by adding the formulas (10) and (11) according to the matrix distribution law.
Considering that the amplitude phase of the signal in the common channel is the same for alternately transmitting H, V signals, there are
A pair of H-V signals to the polarization echo moment of the targetThe array model can be characterized as shown in equation (13).
Since the polarization accuracy is concerned with the relative characteristics between the H, V polarization channels, the absolute amplitude and phase of the signal may be disregarded, in which case the above equation may be written as:
more simplified can be represented as shown by:
[Sm]ij＝[R]ij·[θ]·[S]·[θ]·[T]ij (15)
wherein [ S ]]A true polarization scattering matrix representing the target, [ S ]m]ijA polarization echo matrix [ R ] representing the target corresponding to the jth pair of pulses at the ith frequency point]ijRepresents the polarization error matrix of the receiving link corresponding to the j pair pulse of the ith frequency point, [ T]ijRepresents the polarization error matrix of the transmitting link corresponding to the j pair of pulses at the ith frequency point, [ theta ]]Represents the polarization error matrix (one way, and transmit and receive the same) resulting from the polarization plane rotation factor.
And secondly, establishing a system model aiming at the polarized SAR system with the alternate emission and simultaneous reception, namely performing system modeling on a polarized SAR system radio frequency link of a multi-polarized SAR satellite, covering a radio frequency signal flow from a signal source to the whole process of finishing the formation of received signal data, identifying a common branch and an independent branch of a polarized signal, and judging the polarized crosstalk signal by combining the working mode of a single machine in the radio frequency link. And respectively carrying out system modeling on a polarized signal on-satellite transmitting link, a space wireless link and an on-satellite receiving link so as to analyze the link influence factors of polarized signal transmission.
And step three, carrying out mathematical abstraction on the system model to obtain a mathematical model of polarization signal satellite-ground full link transmission, combining links with the same transmission model aiming at the system model established in step two, defining a transmission coefficient matrix for each link, and finally carrying out mathematical abstraction on the system model into a matrix multiplication mathematical form, thereby facilitating the subsequent error quantitative analysis of each link. When mathematical abstraction is carried out, the mathematical abstraction of each link is obtained according to H, V signals which are alternately transmitted, and a pair of H-V signals jointly form a complete polarization scattering matrix representation of a target.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission model building method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
unifying theoretical models: unifying theoretical models of wired link and wireless link polarized signal transmission;
a system model establishing step: establishing a system model aiming at a polarized SAR system of 'alternate transmission and simultaneous reception';
establishing a mathematical abstract model: and (4) carrying out mathematical abstraction on the system model to obtain a mathematical model of the polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission.
2. The method for establishing the polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission model according to claim 1, wherein the theoretical model for polarized signal transmission of the unified wired link and the wireless link is mathematically equivalent to a four-port network transmission model of radio frequency signals in the wired link and a Jones vector model of electromagnetic waves in the space wireless link.
3. The polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission model building method according to claim 1, characterized in that aiming at a polarized SAR system of 'alternately transmitting and simultaneously receiving', a polarized signal satellite-borne transmitting link, a space wireless link and a satellite-borne receiving link are respectively subjected to system modeling, and link influence factor analysis of polarized signal transmission is carried out.
4. The method for establishing the polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission model according to claim 1, wherein mathematical abstraction is performed on each link in the system model according to a theoretical model to obtain a polarized signal transmission matrix of each link, and the mathematical model corresponding to the satellite-ground full link system model is a product operation of the polarized signal transmission matrix of each link.
5. The method for establishing the polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission model according to claim 1, wherein for the system model of 'alternate transmission and simultaneous reception', mathematical abstractions are respectively obtained according to H, V signal alternate transmission when performing the mathematical abstractions, and a pair of 'H-V' signals jointly form a complete polarized scattering matrix representation of a target.
6. A polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission model building system is characterized by comprising the following modules:
a theoretical model unifying module: unifying the theoretical models of wired link and wireless link polarized signal transmission;
a system model establishing module: establishing a system model aiming at a polarized SAR system of 'alternate transmission and simultaneous reception';
the mathematical abstract model building module comprises: and (4) carrying out mathematical abstraction on the system model to obtain a mathematical model of the polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission.
7. The system for establishing the polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission model according to claim 6, wherein the theoretical model for polarized signal transmission of the unified wired link and the wireless link is mathematically equivalent to a four-port network transmission model of radio frequency signals in the wired link and a Jones vector model of electromagnetic waves in a space wireless link.
8. The polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission model building system according to claim 6, characterized in that aiming at a polarized SAR system of 'alternate transmission and simultaneous reception', a polarized signal satellite-borne transmission link, a space wireless link and a satellite-borne reception link are respectively subjected to system modeling, and link influence factor analysis of polarized signal transmission is carried out.
9. The polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission model building system according to claim 6, characterized in that mathematical abstraction is performed on each link in the system model according to a theoretical model to obtain a polarized signal transmission matrix of each link, and the mathematical model corresponding to the satellite-ground full link system model is a product operation of the polarized signal transmission matrices of each link.
10. The polarized signal satellite-ground full link transmission model building system according to claim 6, characterized in that for the system model of "alternate transmission and simultaneous reception", when mathematical abstraction is performed, mathematical abstraction of each link is obtained according to H, V signal alternate transmission, and a pair of "H-V" signals jointly constitute a complete polarized scattering matrix representation of a target.
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