CN114633662B - Double-lithium battery charge and discharge management method and electric vehicle energy management system applying same - Google Patents
Double-lithium battery charge and discharge management method and electric vehicle energy management system applying same Download PDFInfo
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- CN114633662B CN114633662B CN202210298791.5A CN202210298791A CN114633662B CN 114633662 B CN114633662 B CN 114633662B CN 202210298791 A CN202210298791 A CN 202210298791A CN 114633662 B CN114633662 B CN 114633662B
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- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/14—Preventing excessive discharging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a charge and discharge management method of double lithium batteries and an electric vehicle energy management system using the same.A battery pack energy management system is added at the parallel connection position of two battery packs, and the battery pack energy management system is connected with an electric drive system serving as a load; the double lithium battery charge and discharge management method comprises discharge management and charge management; the first battery pack and the second battery pack are not directly connected to the electric drive system for discharging, but are connected to the battery pack energy management system, the battery pack energy management system measures the SOC and SOH of the battery packs, calculates the discharging capacity of each battery pack, and then distributes the discharging current of each battery pack according to the discharging capacity. Similarly, the charger is not directly connected to the battery pack any more during charging, but is connected to the battery pack energy management system, and the battery pack energy management system measures the terminal voltage of each battery pack, and judges and controls the charging current or the charging voltage of each battery pack through the terminal voltage value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of energy management systems powered by double lithium batteries of electric vehicles, in particular to a double lithium battery charge and discharge management method and an electric vehicle energy management system applying the same.
Background
The electric vehicle has longer endurance mileage requirement, and meanwhile, the electric vehicle also needs to have movable convenience, so many electric vehicles design the complete set of power supply lithium batteries into two groups to meet the two requirements. In order to ensure the safety and the service life of the lithium battery pack, the current electric vehicle generally requires that two groups of batteries are always bound together for use from the factory to ensure that the external conditions born by the two groups of batteries are almost consistent in the use process, which is equivalent to using the two groups of batteries into one group, but the convenience requirement of flexibly using the battery pack is lost. Some solutions do not impose the requirement that the two groups of batteries from the factory must be "bundled" together for use. For example, one battery is commonly used, occasionally requiring long mileage operations, and another battery is put on for use. But this can lead to reduced battery life and create a safety hazard. Because batteries of different SOCs (containing no charge) or SOHs (used for different times) have different charge and discharge capacities, if the batteries are forcefully used together, the batteries with poor charge and discharge capacities are excessively used, and the batteries with good capacities are changed into light-load use. If the SOH of the battery is different from that of the lithium battery with the same SOH initially, the SOH of the battery with low SOC can be accelerated to be poor if the battery is used for a long time; in addition, two lithium batteries are used simultaneously, and compared with a lithium battery with better SOH, a lithium battery with poor SOH only accelerates the deterioration of SOH. While the lifetime of the entire battery pack depends on the lifetime of the worse battery, such a scenario will accelerate shortening the lifetime of the entire battery pack. In addition, when batteries of different SOCs and SOHs are connected together, because the two groups of batteries have voltage difference and the internal resistance of the batteries is very small, the connection moment is equivalent to short circuit, and unpredictable potential safety hazards are generated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that when a battery pack consisting of two lithium batteries with different SOC and SOH values is used, the SOH of the lithium battery with poor SOC and SOH can be accelerated to be poor in the prior art, and provides a double-lithium battery charge and discharge management method and an electric vehicle energy management system applying the same.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the electric vehicle comprises a first battery pack and a second battery pack, wherein a battery pack energy management system is added at the parallel connection position of the two battery packs, and the battery pack energy management system is connected with an electric drive system serving as a load; the double lithium battery charge and discharge management method comprises discharge management and charge management;
the specific steps of discharge management include:
s1, the battery pack energy management system is in communication connection with a first battery pack and a second battery pack and respectively acquires information such as SOC (system on a chip), SOH (system on a chip) and the like of the first battery pack and the second battery pack;
s2, calculating the maximum discharge capacity X1 of the first battery pack and the maximum discharge capacity X2 of the second battery pack according to the SOC and the SOH, setting X1 to be less than or equal to X2, and setting the total discharge capacity of the system to be X1+X2, wherein the discharge capacity is calibrated by the current;
s3, setting the current required by the load as x1+x2, wherein X1 is the current planned to be distributed to the first battery pack, X2 is the current planned to be distributed to the second battery pack, comparing the current required by the load with the total discharge capacity of the system, and if the current required by the load is greater than or equal to x1+x2, switching to S4; if the current required by the load is less than x1+x2, turning to S5;
s4, limiting the discharge current X1 of the first battery pack, limiting the discharge current X2 of the second battery pack, limiting the total discharge current of the system to be X1+X2, and switching to S8;
s5, the system distributes current to the first battery pack and the second battery pack according to the ratio of X1/X2, wherein the current (x1=x1/(x1+x2) × (x1+x2) distributed to the first battery pack is planned, and the current (x2=x2/(x1+x2) × (x1+x2) distributed to the second battery pack is planned;
s6, comparing X1 with the maximum discharge current X1 of the first battery pack, and if X1 is more than or equal to X1, turning to S7; if X1 is less than X1, turning to S8;
s7, keeping the discharge current of the first battery pack to be the maximum discharge current X1, and then increasing the discharge current X2 of the second battery pack, namely x1=x1, x2= (x1+x2) -X1;
s8, the first battery pack and the second battery pack are continuously discharged according to the current distributed by the system;
the specific steps of the charge management include:
s1, dividing the whole charging process of each battery pack into a pre-charging stage, a constant-current charging stage and a constant-voltage charging stage according to the voltage change of each battery pack end, and presetting pre-charging current, constant-current charging current and constant-voltage charging voltage;
s2, the battery pack energy management system detects terminal voltages of the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively;
s3, the battery pack energy management system judges the charging stage of each battery pack according to the terminal voltage of each battery pack and charges each battery pack respectively; if the battery pack is in the pre-charging stage, charging by using a pre-charging current; if the battery pack is in the constant-current charging stage, charging by using constant-current charging current; if the battery pack is in the constant voltage charging stage, the constant voltage charging voltage is used for charging.
Preferably, the discharging capacities of the first battery pack and the second battery pack are defined as internal resistances of the batteries, and ohmic internal resistances, polarization internal resistances, and concentration internal resistances are taken as control targets; the specific method for calculating the maximum discharge capacities X1 and X2 of the first battery pack and the second battery pack is as follows:
A. calibrating the SOC discharge capacity; discharging by using a battery with SOC=100%, and using a discharging current defined by a system, and recording that the internal resistances of each control element are respectively a first ohmic internal resistance, a first polarized internal resistance and a first concentration internal resistance at the moment; then discharging the battery with SOC=90% by using different currents, wherein under a certain discharging current, the ohmic internal resistance, the polarized internal resistance and the concentration internal resistance of the battery pack are closest to the first ohmic internal resistance, the first polarized internal resistance and the first concentration internal resistance, and the discharging current is defined as the discharging capacity under SOC=90%; according to the method, the discharging capacity of the battery with the SOC of 80%, 70% or K% (0 < K < 100) is sequentially found;
B. SOH discharge capacity calibration is carried out; discharging by using a battery with soh=100%, and using a discharging current defined by a system to record each control internal resistance as a second ohmic internal resistance, a second polarized internal resistance and a second concentration internal resistance at the moment; then discharging the battery with soh=90% with different currents, wherein at a certain discharging current, the ohmic internal resistance, the polarized internal resistance and the concentration internal resistance of the battery pack are closest to the second ohmic internal resistance, the second polarized internal resistance and the second concentration internal resistance, and the discharging current is defined as the discharging capacity under soh=90%; according to the method, the discharging capability of the battery with SOH of N10% (N=1, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9) is sequentially found;
C. and making a table of the corresponding relation between the discharging capacity and the SOC and SOH, and writing the table into a memory of the battery energy management system for inquiring the discharging capacity of each battery based on communication.
Preferably, when SOC or SOH of the battery pack is n×10++m% (n=0, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9; m=1, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9), the corresponding battery discharge capacity is calculated using interpolation.
Preferably, when the first battery pack and the second battery pack are discharged, the electric drive system is connected to an output end of the battery pack energy management system as a load, the battery pack energy management system controls and distributes the respective discharge current magnitudes of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and the discharge currents of the first battery pack and the second battery pack flow into the electric drive system as the load through the battery pack energy management system.
Preferably, in the charging management, the charger is connected to an input end of the battery pack charging management system, and the charging management system detects and determines a charging stage in which the first battery pack and the second battery pack are located and charges the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively.
Preferably, in the charge management, the precharge current in the precharge phase and the constant current charge current in the constant current charge phase are artificially set to constant values, the constant voltage charge voltage in the constant voltage charge phase is constant, and the current value in the constant voltage charge phase is naturally formed.
An electric vehicle energy management system using any one of the above, comprising a first battery pack, a second battery pack, a battery pack energy management system, and an electric drive system; the first battery pack is connected with the second battery pack in parallel, the battery pack energy management system is arranged at the parallel connection position of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and the electric drive system is used as a load and is connected with the battery pack energy management system in a communication way.
Preferably, the anodes of the first battery pack and the second battery pack are respectively connected to different anode input ends of the battery pack energy management system, the cathodes of the first battery pack and the second battery pack are respectively connected to different cathode input ends of the battery pack energy management system, the anodes of the first battery pack and the second battery pack are not directly connected, and the cathodes of the first battery pack and the cathodes of the second battery pack are not directly connected.
Preferably, the battery pack energy management system comprises a plurality of branch circuits, and each branch circuit corresponds to different positive electrode input ends, negative electrode input ends and an accessed battery pack and is used for executing current magnitude detection, current value comparison and current stability adjustment actions.
Preferably, during charging, the charger is connected to the battery pack energy management system, and is in power transmission and communication connection with the battery pack energy management system.
Compared with the prior art, the dual-lithium battery charge and discharge management method has the advantages that the battery pack energy management system is additionally arranged at the parallel connection position of the plurality of battery packs, the electric drive system and the charger which are originally and directly connected with the battery packs are connected with the battery pack energy management system instead, the battery pack energy management system is used for detecting and distributing firstly, the discharge current, the charge current or the charge voltage of each battery pack are determined, each battery pack is controlled to be respectively discharged or charged, and the two battery packs are separately managed but can be used together.
During discharge management, the discharge capacity of the battery is calculated according to the SOC and SOH of the lithium battery, the discharge currents are distributed proportionally according to the discharge capacities of the two battery packs, and the maximum discharge current limit is considered, so that the lithium batteries with different SOH and SOH can be consumed at the same speed in the charge and discharge process, the situation that the lithium battery with poor SOH is accelerated in loss is avoided, and the service life of the whole lithium battery pack is prolonged.
During charging management, the battery packs are judged to be in a pre-charging stage, a constant-current charging stage or a constant-voltage charging stage by measuring the terminal voltage of each battery pack, and each battery pack is controlled to be charged according to the pre-charging current, the constant-current charging current or the constant-voltage charging voltage of the corresponding stage when being charged.
In addition, in the electric vehicle energy management system applying the double-lithium battery charge and discharge management method, anodes of different battery packs are respectively connected to different anode input ends of the battery pack energy management system, cathodes of different battery packs are respectively connected to different cathode input ends of the battery pack energy management system, the battery packs are not directly connected, short-time short-circuit problem is not generated, and potential safety hazard can be effectively avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of discharge management in a dual lithium battery charge and discharge management method;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of charge management in a dual lithium battery charge and discharge management method;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an electric vehicle energy management system coupled to a charger;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between charging current and three charging phases in a battery charging method;
fig. 5 is a discharge circuit diagram of the electric vehicle energy management system.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the objects, construction, features, and functions of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments.
In order to ensure the requirements of the endurance mileage of the current electric vehicle, a plurality of groups of batteries are generally installed. When a plurality of groups of batteries are bundled for use, the external conditions are almost the same and are equivalent to a group of batteries, so that the convenience requirement of flexibly using the battery pack is lost; if used separately, the SOC and SOH of the different battery packs are generally different, and if used together, the battery having poor discharge capacity is excessively used and accelerated to deteriorate, so that the life of the entire battery pack is accelerated to be shortened. In addition, when batteries of different SOCs and SOHs are connected together, because the two groups of batteries have voltage difference and the internal resistance of the batteries is very small, the connection moment is equivalent to short circuit, and unpredictable potential safety hazards are generated, therefore, the invention provides a double-lithium battery charge-discharge management method, which uses a battery pack energy management system to respectively carry out discharge and charge management on different battery packs, and the different battery packs distribute different discharge currents and charge currents, so that better discharge effect and charging effect are achieved, and the problems are solved.
Referring to fig. 1-5 in combination, an electric vehicle includes a first battery pack 1 and a second battery pack 2, a battery pack energy management system 3 is added at a parallel connection position of the two battery packs, and the battery pack energy management system 3 is connected with an electric drive system 4 serving as a load; the double lithium battery charge and discharge management method comprises discharge management and charge management; the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2 are not directly connected to the electric drive system 4 for discharging, but connected to the battery pack energy management system 3, the battery pack energy management system 3 measures the SOC and SOH of the battery packs, calculates the discharging capacity of each battery pack, and then distributes the discharging current of each battery pack according to the discharging capacity. Similarly, the charger 6 is no longer directly connected to the battery pack during charging, but is connected to the battery pack energy management system 3, and the battery pack energy management system 3 measures the terminal voltage of each battery pack, and determines and controls the charging current or the charging voltage of each battery pack by the terminal voltage value.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3 in combination, the specific steps of discharge management include:
s1, a battery pack energy management system 3 is in communication connection with a first battery pack 1 and a second battery pack 2 and respectively acquires information such as SOC, SOH and the like of the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2;
s2, calculating the maximum discharge capacity X1 of the first battery pack 1 and the maximum discharge capacity X2 of the second battery pack 2 according to the SOC and the SOH, setting X1 to be less than or equal to X2, and setting the total discharge capacity of the system to be X1+X2, wherein the discharge capacity is calibrated by the current;
s3, setting the current required by the load as x1+x2, wherein X1 is the current planned to be distributed to the first battery pack 1, X2 is the current planned to be distributed to the second battery pack 2, comparing the current required by the load with the total discharge capacity of the system, and if the current required by the load is more than or equal to x1+x2, switching to S4; if the current required by the load is less than x1+x2, turning to S5;
s4, limiting the discharge current X1 of the first battery pack 1, limiting the discharge current X2 of the second battery pack 2, limiting the total discharge current of the system to be X1+X2, and turning to S8;
s5, the system distributes current to the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2 according to the ratio of X1/X2, wherein the current x1=x1/(x1+x2) which is planned to be distributed to the first battery pack 1, and the current x2=x2/(x1+x2) which is planned to be distributed to the second battery pack 2;
s6, comparing X1 with the maximum discharge current X1 of the first battery pack 1, and if X1 is more than or equal to X1, turning to S7; if X1 is less than X1, turning to S8;
s7, keeping the discharge current of the first battery pack 1 at its maximum discharge current X1, and then increasing the discharge current X2 of the second battery pack 2, that is, x1=x1, x2= (x1+x2) -X1;
s8, continuously discharging the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2 according to the current distributed by the system;
referring to fig. 2,3 and 4 in combination, the specific steps of charge management include:
s1, dividing the whole charging process of each battery pack into a pre-charging stage, a constant-current charging stage and a constant-voltage charging stage according to the voltage change of each battery pack end, and presetting pre-charging current, constant-current charging current and constant-voltage charging voltage;
s2, the battery pack energy management system 3 detects terminal voltages of the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2 respectively;
s3, the battery pack energy management system 3 judges the charging stage of each battery pack according to the terminal voltage of each battery pack and charges each battery pack respectively; if the battery pack is in the pre-charging stage, charging by using a pre-charging current; if the battery pack is in the constant-current charging stage, charging by using constant-current charging current; if the battery pack is in the constant voltage charging stage, the constant voltage charging voltage is used for charging.
In the discharging management process, current distribution is carried out according to the respective discharging capacity ratio of different battery packs, and meanwhile, the condition that the battery packs reach the maximum discharging capacity is considered. If only one group of batteries reaches the maximum discharge capacity, the maximum discharge current output is kept, and the other group of batteries increase the discharge current until the load requirement is met; if both sets of cells reach maximum discharge capacity, both sets of cells maintain maximum discharge current output. The method is also suitable for the situation of more than two groups of battery packs, if N groups of battery packs (N is more than or equal to 2) are shared, and the maximum discharge capacities of the N groups of battery packs are respectively X1, X2, X3 … … and Xn, the discharge currents of the battery packs are distributed according to the proportion of the maximum discharge capacities in the process of discharge management, namely the discharge current xn=Xn/(x1+x2+ … … +Xn) X (x1+x2+ … … +xn) which is planned to be distributed to the N group of battery packs;
according to the discharging management method, the lithium batteries with different SOHs and SOHs can be matched with the discharging current according to the discharging capacity of the lithium batteries, so that the battery pack with poor discharging capacity can be the same as the battery pack with good discharging capacity in loss speed, when the lithium batteries with different SOHs and SOHs are used together, the situation that the battery pack with poor discharging capacity is accelerated and deteriorated can not occur, the whole service life of the whole battery pack can be prolonged, and the two lithium batteries with different SOHs and SOHs can be combined and used flexibly.
In the charge management process of the present invention, referring to fig. 2 and 4, according to the change of the terminal voltage, the charge process is divided into three phases, wherein the precharge phase and the constant current charge phase respectively adopt a preset precharge current and a constant current charge current for charging, that is, both adopt a constant current for charging, and the constant current charge current value is larger than the precharge current value, and are all values manually set by a designer according to actual use requirements; the constant voltage charging stage adopts a preset constant voltage charging voltage to charge, namely constant voltage is adopted to charge, the voltage value of the constant voltage charging is a numerical value which is set manually according to actual use requirements, and the current in the constant voltage charging stage is naturally formed under the condition of constant voltage charging. The charging method is also applicable to the case of more than two groups of battery packs, and the battery pack energy management system 3 performs measurement, judgment and distribution respectively.
According to the charging management method, terminal voltage measurement, charging stage judgment and charging current/voltage distribution are respectively carried out on each battery pack, the condition that the charger 6 is directly connected to the battery packs to uniformly charge is avoided, the charging effect which is better and more suitable for each battery pack can be achieved, and the service life of the battery packs is prolonged.
In the discharging management method and the charging management method, the battery pack energy management system 3 is adopted as a transition system between the battery pack and a load (the electric drive system 4) or between the battery pack and the charger 6, so that the effects of overall sensing, controlling and managing are achieved, the total current of the separated branch current assemblies at one side of the battery pack is transmitted to one side of the electric drive system 4 for discharging, or the total current input at one side of the charger 6 is distributed into the branch currents to be respectively distributed to each battery pack for charging, each battery pack is connected to different anode and cathode input ports in the battery pack energy management system 3 for independent management, the generated effect is truly taken as overall output, the situation that a plurality of battery packs with different SOH and SOHs are flexibly used is truly achieved, meanwhile, the battery with poor discharging effect capability is not influenced mutually, the battery packs do not need to be bound for use, the convenience is higher, and the overall service life of the battery pack is prolonged.
In an embodiment, the discharge capacities of the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2 are defined as the internal resistances of the batteries, and the ohmic internal resistance, the polarization internal resistance, and the concentration internal resistance are taken as control targets; the specific method for calculating the maximum discharge capacities X1 and X2 of the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2 is as follows:
A. calibrating the SOC discharge capacity; discharging by using a battery with SOC=100%, and using a discharging current defined by a system, and recording that the internal resistances of each control element are respectively a first ohmic internal resistance, a first polarized internal resistance and a first concentration internal resistance at the moment; then discharging the battery with SOC=90% by using different currents, wherein under a certain discharging current, the ohmic internal resistance, the polarized internal resistance and the concentration internal resistance of the battery pack are closest to the first ohmic internal resistance, the first polarized internal resistance and the first concentration internal resistance, and the discharging current is defined as the discharging capacity under SOC=90%; according to the method, the discharging capacity of the battery with the SOC of 80%, 70% or K% (0 < K < 100) is sequentially found;
B. SOH discharge capacity calibration is carried out; discharging by using a battery with soh=100%, and using a discharging current defined by a system to record each control internal resistance as a second ohmic internal resistance, a second polarized internal resistance and a second concentration internal resistance at the moment; then discharging the battery with soh=90% with different currents, wherein at a certain discharging current, the ohmic internal resistance, the polarized internal resistance and the concentration internal resistance of the battery pack are closest to the second ohmic internal resistance, the second polarized internal resistance and the second concentration internal resistance, and the discharging current is defined as the discharging capacity under soh=90%; according to the method, the discharging capability of the battery with SOH of N10% (N=1, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9) is sequentially found;
C. and making the corresponding relation between the discharging capacity and the SOC and SOH into a table, and writing the table into a memory of the battery energy management system for inquiring the discharging capacity of each battery based on communication.
D. When the SOC or SOH of the battery pack is n×10++m% (n=0, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9; m=1, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9), the corresponding battery discharge capacity is calculated by interpolation.
The discharging capacity of the lithium battery is calculated by using the SOC and the SOH according to the method, is a more comprehensive and comprehensive index for distributing the discharging current, and can achieve a better distribution effect. The invention uses the discharging capability as the current distribution index, and has the function of not enabling SOH of two lithium batteries to tend to be the same, but enabling SOH decay speeds of the two lithium batteries to be the same, and preventing the lithium batteries with poor SOH from being decayed in an accelerating way.
In a more preferred embodiment, the precharge current in the precharge phase and the constant current charge current in the constant current charge phase are artificially set to constant values, the constant voltage charge voltage in the constant voltage charge phase is constant, and the current value in the constant voltage charge phase is naturally formed at the time of charge management.
An electric vehicle energy management system using any one of the above, as shown in fig. 3, includes a first battery pack 1, a second battery pack 2, a battery pack energy management system 3, and an electric drive system 4; the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2 are connected in parallel, the battery pack energy management system 3 is arranged at the parallel connection part of the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2, and the electric drive system 4 is used as a load and is in communication connection with the battery pack energy management system 3. The electric drive system 4 is connected to an electric motor 5 of the electric vehicle for driving the electric motor 5 in rotation.
When the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2 are discharged, the electric drive system 4 is connected to the output end of the battery pack energy management system 3 as a load, the battery pack energy management system 3 controls and distributes the respective discharging current magnitudes of the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2, and the discharging current of the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2 flows into the electric drive system 4 as the load through the battery pack energy management system 3.
In the charging management, the charger 6 is connected to the input end of the battery pack charging management system, and is in power transmission and communication connection with the battery pack energy management system 3, and the charging management system detects and determines the charging stage of the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2 and charges the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively.
In a more preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 5, the anodes of the first battery 1 and the second battery 2 are respectively connected to different anode input ends of the battery energy management system 3, the cathodes of the first battery 1 and the second battery 2 are respectively connected to different cathode input ends of the battery energy management system 3, the anodes of the first battery 1 and the second battery 2 are not directly connected, and the cathodes of the first battery 1 and the cathodes of the second battery 2 are not directly connected. When the charging circuit is designed, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the two battery packs are separated, and when batteries of different SOCs and SOHs are connected together for use, the batteries are not directly connected, so that the problem of short-time short circuit is avoided, and the potential safety hazard is effectively avoided.
Further, the battery pack energy management system 3 includes a plurality of sub-circuits, each corresponding to a different positive input terminal, negative input terminal and connected battery pack, and configured to perform current magnitude detection, current value comparison, and current stability adjustment.
As shown in a discharging circuit diagram of a battery energy management system 3 in fig. 5, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a first battery pack 1 and a second battery pack 2 are respectively connected to two groups of sub-circuits in the battery energy management system 3, current sensors are respectively arranged at the positive electrodes of the two groups of lithium batteries and used for detecting discharging current or charging current of the two groups of lithium batteries, current sensors are also arranged at the load positions and used for sensing total current of a load end in a system circuit, the three current sensors are connected to a central controller of the battery energy management system 3, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the two lithium batteries are respectively connected with a comparator and controlled by the central controller, and the discharging current or the charging current of each of the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2 is determined after comparison according to the double-lithium-battery energy management method of the invention. The central controller plays a role in general control such as communication, the sub-circuit executes commands sent by the central controller, for example, the current sensor senses the current of the circuit where the sub-circuit is located, the comparator executes a comparison command of the current, the PWM executes a current regulation stabilizing command and the like.
The invention has been described with respect to the above-described embodiments, however, the above-described embodiments are merely examples of practicing the invention. It should be noted that the disclosed embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The double-lithium battery charge and discharge management method is characterized in that an electric vehicle comprises a first battery pack and a second battery pack, a battery pack energy management system is added at the parallel connection position of the two battery packs, and the battery pack energy management system is connected with an electric drive system serving as a load; the double lithium battery charge and discharge management method comprises discharge management and charge management;
the specific steps of discharge management include:
s1, the battery pack energy management system is in communication connection with a first battery pack and a second battery pack and acquires SOC and SOH information of the first battery pack and SOH information of the second battery pack respectively;
s2, calculating the maximum discharge capacity X1 of the first battery pack and the maximum discharge capacity X2 of the second battery pack according to the SOC and the SOH, setting X1 to be less than or equal to X2, and setting the total discharge capacity of the system to be X1+X2, wherein the discharge capacity is calibrated by the current;
s3, setting the current required by the load as x1+x2, wherein X1 is the current planned to be distributed to the first battery pack, X2 is the current planned to be distributed to the second battery pack, comparing the current required by the load with the total discharge capacity of the system, and if the current required by the load is greater than or equal to x1+x2, switching to S4; if the current required by the load is less than x1+x2, turning to S5;
s4, limiting the discharge current X1 of the first battery pack, limiting the discharge current X2 of the second battery pack, limiting the total discharge current of the system to be X1+X2, and switching to S8;
s5, the system distributes current to the first battery pack and the second battery pack according to the ratio of X1/X2, wherein the current (x1=x1/(x1+x2) × (x1+x2) distributed to the first battery pack is planned, and the current (x2=x2/(x1+x2) × (x1+x2) distributed to the second battery pack is planned;
s6, comparing X1 with the maximum discharge current X1 of the first battery pack, and if X1 is more than or equal to X1, turning to S7; if X1 is less than X1, turning to S8;
s7, keeping the discharge current of the first battery pack to be the maximum discharge current X1, and then increasing the discharge current X2 of the second battery pack, namely x1=x1, x2= (x1+x2) -X1;
s8, the first battery pack and the second battery pack are continuously discharged according to the current distributed by the system;
the specific steps of the charge management include:
s1, dividing the whole charging process of each battery pack into a pre-charging stage, a constant-current charging stage and a constant-voltage charging stage according to the voltage change of each battery pack end, and presetting pre-charging current, constant-current charging current and constant-voltage charging voltage;
s2, the battery pack energy management system detects terminal voltages of the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively;
s3, the battery pack energy management system judges the charging stage of each battery pack according to the terminal voltage of each battery pack and charges each battery pack respectively; if the battery pack is in the pre-charging stage, charging by using a pre-charging current; if the battery pack is in the constant-current charging stage, charging by using constant-current charging current; if the battery pack is in the constant voltage charging stage, the constant voltage charging voltage is used for charging.
2. The dual lithium battery charge-discharge management method according to claim 1, wherein the discharge capacities of the first battery pack and the second battery pack are defined as internal resistances of the batteries, and ohmic internal resistances, polarized internal resistances, and concentration internal resistances are taken as control targets; the specific method for calculating the maximum discharge capacities X1 and X2 of the first battery pack and the second battery pack is as follows:
A. calibrating the SOC discharge capacity; discharging by using a battery with SOC=100%, and using a discharging current defined by a system, and recording that the internal resistances of each control element are respectively a first ohmic internal resistance, a first polarized internal resistance and a first concentration internal resistance at the moment; then discharging the battery with SOC=90% by using different currents, wherein under a certain discharging current, the ohmic internal resistance, the polarized internal resistance and the concentration internal resistance of the battery pack are closest to the first ohmic internal resistance, the first polarized internal resistance and the first concentration internal resistance, and the discharging current is defined as the discharging capacity under SOC=90%; according to the method, the discharging capacity of the battery with the SOC of 80%, 70% or K% (0 < K < 100) is sequentially found;
B. SOH discharge capacity calibration is carried out; discharging by using a battery with soh=100%, and using a discharging current defined by a system to record each control internal resistance as a second ohmic internal resistance, a second polarized internal resistance and a second concentration internal resistance at the moment; then discharging the battery with soh=90% with different currents, wherein at a certain discharging current, the ohmic internal resistance, the polarized internal resistance and the concentration internal resistance of the battery pack are closest to the second ohmic internal resistance, the second polarized internal resistance and the second concentration internal resistance, and the discharging current is defined as the discharging capacity under soh=90%; according to the method, the discharging capability of the battery with SOH of N10% (N=1, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9) is sequentially found;
C. and making a table of the corresponding relation between the discharging capacity and the SOC and SOH, and writing the table into a memory of the battery pack energy management system for inquiring the discharging capacity of each battery based on communication.
3. The dual lithium battery charge and discharge management method of claim 2, wherein: when the SOC or SOH of the battery pack is n×10++m% (n=0, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9; m=1, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9), the corresponding battery discharge capacity is calculated by interpolation.
4. The dual lithium battery charge and discharge management method of claim 1, wherein: when the first battery pack and the second battery pack are discharged, the electric drive system is connected to the output end of the battery pack energy management system as a load, the battery pack energy management system controls and distributes the respective discharging current of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and the discharging current of the first battery pack and the second battery pack flows into the electric drive system as the load through the battery pack energy management system.
5. The dual lithium battery charge and discharge management method of claim 1, wherein: during charging management, the charger is connected to the input end of the battery pack charging management system, and the charging management system detects and judges the charging stages of the first battery pack and the second battery pack and charges the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively.
6. The dual lithium battery charge and discharge management method according to claim 5, wherein: in charge management, the precharge current in the precharge phase and the constant current charge current in the constant current charge phase are artificially set to constant values, the constant voltage charge voltage in the constant voltage charge phase is constant, and the current value in the constant voltage charge phase is naturally formed.
7. An electric vehicle energy management system using the system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the system comprises a first battery pack, a second battery pack, a battery pack energy management system and an electric drive system; the first battery pack is connected with the second battery pack in parallel, the battery pack energy management system is arranged at the parallel connection position of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and the electric drive system is used as a load and is connected with the battery pack energy management system in a communication way.
8. The electric vehicle energy management system of claim 7, wherein: the anodes of the first battery pack and the second battery pack are respectively connected to different anode input ends of the battery pack energy management system, the cathodes of the first battery pack and the second battery pack are respectively connected to different cathode input ends of the battery pack energy management system, the anodes of the first battery pack and the second battery pack are not directly connected, and the cathodes of the first battery pack and the cathodes of the second battery pack are not directly connected.
9. The electric vehicle energy management system of claim 8, wherein: the battery pack energy management system comprises a plurality of branch circuits, and each branch circuit corresponds to different positive electrode input ends, negative electrode input ends and an accessed battery pack and is used for executing current magnitude detection, current value comparison and current stability adjustment actions.
10. The electric vehicle energy management system of claim 9, wherein: when in charging, the charger is connected to the battery pack energy management system and is in power transmission and communication connection with the battery pack energy management system.
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