CN114628770A - Production process of lithium battery, positive electrode, negative electrode and electrolyte and vehicle - Google Patents
Production process of lithium battery, positive electrode, negative electrode and electrolyte and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN114628770A CN114628770A CN202210299058.5A CN202210299058A CN114628770A CN 114628770 A CN114628770 A CN 114628770A CN 202210299058 A CN202210299058 A CN 202210299058A CN 114628770 A CN114628770 A CN 114628770A
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910005270 GaF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001245 Sb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002140 antimony alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910017246 Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021483 silicon-carbon alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001251 solid state electrolyte alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910012330 Li3Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012862 Li3Sb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006023 eutectic alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a production process of a lithium battery, a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte and a vehicle; the lithium battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte; wherein at least one of the positive electrode and the electrolyte is a lithium-rich material; the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte with phase change property; the negative electrode is a lithium-free negative electrode. By the embodiment of the invention, the battery capacity of the lithium battery is kept by the lithium-rich material under the condition that the safety of the lithium battery is ensured by adopting a lithium-free negative electrode; and based on the solid electrolyte with the phase change property, gaps existing in the solid electrolyte are reduced, so that the impedance of the lithium battery is reduced, and the cycle performance of the lithium battery is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium batteries, in particular to a production process of a lithium battery, a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte and a vehicle.
Background
The solid-state battery consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a solid-state electrolyte; the biggest difference between solid-state batteries and liquid lithium ions is the use of solid-state electrolytes instead of conventional electrolytes and separators.
However, the advantages of the solid-state battery in terms of energy density cannot be obtained by only replacing the electrolyte and the diaphragm with the solid-state electrolyte, and the cost is not high; the reason is that the density of the solid electrolyte is higher than that of the liquid electrolyte, and the energy density is reduced for the same volume. Therefore, only all solid-state batteries using thick anodes, thin solid-state electrolytes and lithium metal cathodes have industrial breakthrough significance.
However, lithium metal is a highly active material and is easily rendered flammable and explosive. The application of lithium metal to the negative electrode of a lithium battery may cause the lithium battery to be very explosive. However, if lithium metal is not applied to the negative electrode of the lithium battery, irreversible active lithium loss during the cycle process is directly reflected in the loss of the battery capacity, and the retention rate of the battery capacity is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is proposed to provide a production process of a lithium battery, positive and negative electrodes and an electrolyte and a vehicle that overcome or at least partially solve the above problems, comprising:
a lithium battery, comprising:
a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte;
wherein, at least one of the positive electrode and the electrolyte is a lithium-rich material; the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte with phase change property; the negative electrode is a lithium-free negative electrode.
Optionally, the material of the positive electrode is LiCoO2And LiFePO4At least one of;
the material of the electrolyte is LiCl-Li2O-GaF3。
Optionally, the material of the positive electrode is Li2[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2；
The material of the electrolyte is at least one of oxide electrolyte, sulfide electrolyte or polymer solid electrolyte.
Optionally, the material of the positive electrode is Li2[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2；
The material of the electrolyte is LiCl-Li2O-GaF3。
Alternatively, in the electrolyte, Li2O, LiCl and GaF3In a molar ratio of 1-5:1: 1.
Optionally, the material of the negative electrode is bismuth-antimony alloy, graphite or silicon-carbon alloy with a three-dimensional porous structure.
A production process of the material of the positive electrode of the lithium battery comprises the following steps:
mixing NCM811 and n-butyllithium, placing at 25-100 ℃, and reacting for 2-24 hours to obtain a positive electrode material Li2[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2(ii) a Wherein the molar ratio of NCM811 to n-butyllithium is 1: 2.
A production process of the above material for the electrolyte of a lithium battery, characterized by comprising the steps of:
mixing LiCl and Li2O and GaF3And reacting at 800 ℃ for 2-8 hours to obtain an electrolyte material LiCl-Li2O-GaF3。
The production process of the negative electrode material of the lithium battery is characterized in that the negative electrode material of the lithium battery is a bismuth-antimony alloy with a three-dimensional porous structure; the method comprises the following steps:
mixing bismuth powder and antimony powder, placing the mixture at the temperature of 200-400 ℃, firing for 2-8 hours, and sintering to obtain the bismuth-antimony alloy with the three-dimensional porous structure of the cathode material.
A vehicle is provided with the lithium battery.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the embodiment of the invention provides a lithium battery, which comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte; wherein, at least one of the positive electrode and the electrolyte is a lithium-rich material; the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte with phase change property; the negative electrode is a lithium-free negative electrode. By the embodiment of the invention, the battery capacity of the lithium battery is kept by the lithium-rich material under the condition that the safety of the lithium battery is ensured by adopting a lithium-free negative electrode; and based on the solid electrolyte with the phase change property, gaps existing in the solid electrolyte are reduced, so that the impedance of the lithium battery is reduced, and the cycle performance of the lithium battery is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments in order to make the above objects, features and advantages more apparent and understandable. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a lithium battery which can comprise a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte.
Wherein, at least one of the positive electrode and the electrolyte is a lithium-rich material; the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte with phase change property; the negative electrode is a lithium-free negative electrode.
In practical applications, in order to ensure the safety of the lithium battery during use and production, a lithium-free negative electrode can be used as the negative electrode of the lithium battery; by using the negative electrode containing no lithium, the danger of the lithium battery in the using process can be effectively reduced.
In addition, because the negative electrode of the lithium battery is a lithium-free negative electrode, the problem of production danger caused by over activity of lithium metal when the negative electrode of the lithium battery is produced can be avoided; and because the negative electrode does not contain lithium, the production cost and threshold can be effectively reduced.
In practical application, in order to ensure the capacity retention rate of the lithium battery, a material capable of performing lithium compensation in a circulation process needs to be selected; the use of a lithium-free negative electrode can result in a lithium battery having a reduced battery capacity during cycling due to irreversible loss of active lithium.
In order to ensure the safety of the lithium battery and maintain the battery capacity of the lithium battery in the circulation process, the embodiment of the invention selects a lithium-rich material as the material of the positive electrode and/or the electrolyte of the lithium battery on the basis of utilizing a lithium-free negative electrode.
As an example, a lithium-rich material may be selected as the material of the positive electrode of the lithium battery; in addition, the electrolyte of the lithium battery can be selected from non-lithium-rich materials, such as: oxide electrolytes, sulfide electrolytes, etc., which are not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
As another example, a lithium-rich material may be selected as the material of the lithium battery electrolyte; in addition, the positive electrode of the lithium battery can be selected from non-lithium-rich materials, such as: LiCoO2And the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
As yet another example, lithium-rich materials may be selected as the material for the positive electrode and electrolyte of a lithium battery.
In practical applications, there may be gaps in the solid electrolyte, which may cause the impedance of the lithium battery to increase and decrease the cycle performance of the lithium battery; in order to reduce the impedance of the lithium battery and improve the cycle performance of the lithium battery, the embodiment of the invention selects the solid electrolyte with the phase change property, so that gaps existing in the solid electrolyte are reduced, the impedance of the lithium battery is further reduced, and the cycle performance of the lithium battery is improved.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the material of the positive electrode is LiCoO2And LiFePO4At least one of; the material of the electrolyte is LiCl-Li2O-GaF3。
Wherein, the material of the positive electrode of the lithium battery can be LiCoO2And LiFePO4May be LiCoO2And LiFePO4。
Due to LiCoO2And LiFePO4The lithium supplementing capacity of the lithium battery is relatively weak, and in order to keep the battery capacity of the lithium battery in the circulating process, the electrolyte in the embodiment of the invention can adopt a lithium-rich material with relatively strong lithium supplementing capacity; in particular, the electrolyte may be a lithium-rich anti-perovskite solid-state electrolyte, such as: LiCl-Li2O。
As an example, LiCl-Li2O is a substance which is easily subjected to phase transition and proton exchange (Li)3OCl→ Li4OCl2→Li5OCl3→Li6OCl4) The inventive example enables LiCl-Li to be used as a solid electrolyte of a lithium-free negative electrode2Lithium lost from O can be stored on the negative electrode, thereby avoiding irreversible active lithium loss of the lithium battery in the circulation processAnd the capacity of the battery is reduced.
Meanwhile, in order to reduce the gap existing in the solid electrolyte, LiCl-Li may be used2Adding GaF to O3A solid substance with flexibility is equal, thereby forming a solid electrolyte LiCl-Li with phase change property and rich in lithium2O-GaF3。
Using LiCl-Li with phase transition properties2O-GaF3The gap existing in the solid electrolyte can be reduced, and the capacity of the lithium battery in the circulation process can be maintained.
As an example, Li2O, LiCl and GaF3May be 1-5:1:1, as embodiments of the invention are not limited in this respect.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the material of the positive electrode is Li2[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2(ii) a The material of the electrolyte is at least one of an oxide electrolyte, a sulfide electrolyte, or a polymer solid electrolyte.
The electrolyte material of the lithium battery may be at least one or more of an oxide electrolyte, a sulfide electrolyte, or a polymer solid electrolyte, and may also be other electrolyte materials of lithium batteries with weak lithium supplement capability, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
In order to reduce the gaps present in the solid-state electrolyte, phase change materials may be added to the solid-state electrolyte of a lithium battery, for example: polyethylene glycol, paraffin, polyolefins, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA), or Polyamide (PA), but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Because the lithium supplementing capacity of the oxide electrolyte, the sulfide electrolyte and the polymer solid electrolyte is weak, in order to maintain the battery capacity of the lithium battery in the circulating process, the positive electrode in the embodiment of the invention can adopt a lithium-rich material with strong lithium supplementing capacity; specifically, the material of the positive electrode may be lithium-rich Li2NCM811(Li2[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2)。
As an example, Li2The lithium content of the NCM811 material is twice that of the conventional NCM811 material; li2NCM811 serves as the positive electrode of the lithium battery, which releases a large amount of lithium ions as a lithium supplement during the first charge of the lithium battery to counteract irreversible lithium loss in subsequent cycles; then Li2NCM811 will be converted to NCM811 (LiNi)0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2)。
The positive electrode converted to NCM811 can also continue to participate in the battery cycle, with Li compared to the normal lithium supplement additive2The lithium source in NCM811 can be 100% converted to active lithium without leaving other inactive species that would reduce the overall energy density of the battery.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, the material of the positive electrode is Li2[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2(ii) a The material of the electrolyte is LiCl-Li2O-GaF3。
Wherein, the material of the positive electrode of the lithium battery may be Li2[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2The material of the electrolyte of the lithium battery may be LiCl-Li2O-GaF3(ii) a The battery capacity of a lithium battery without a lithium negative electrode during cycling is maintained by a lithium rich positive electrode and a lithium rich electrolyte.
Meanwhile, the electrolyte can be prepared by using a solid electrolyte LiCl-Li2Adding GaF to O3The solid electrolyte of the lithium battery is made to be an electrolyte having phase change properties, thereby reducing the gap existing in the solid electrolyte.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the material of the negative electrode is bismuth-antimony alloy, graphite, or silicon-carbon alloy with a three-dimensional porous structure.
The lithium-free negative electrode of the lithium battery can be made of graphite, silicon-carbon alloy or bismuth-antimony alloy with a three-dimensional porous structure.
As an example, bismuth-antimony alloy is an arbitrary eutectic alloy with strong lithium affinity, in-situ generated Li3Bi、Li3Sb can inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites and improve rate performance. Meanwhile, bismuth-antimony alloy (3DP bismuth) with three-dimensional porous structureAntimony) can well adapt to the volume expansion in the lithium storage process, and the close contact of interfaces and the structural stability are kept, so that the lithium battery without the lithium cathode has good comprehensive performance.
In summary, embodiments of the present invention provide a lithium battery, which includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte; wherein, at least one of the positive electrode and the electrolyte is a lithium-rich material; the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte with phase change property; the negative electrode is a lithium-free negative electrode. By the embodiment of the invention, the battery capacity of the lithium battery is kept by the lithium-rich material under the condition that the safety of the lithium battery is ensured by adopting a lithium-free negative electrode; and based on the solid electrolyte with the phase change property, gaps existing in the solid electrolyte are reduced, so that the impedance of the lithium battery is reduced, and the cycle performance of the lithium battery is improved.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a material Li of the anode of the lithium battery2The production process of NCM811 may comprise the following steps:
mixing NCM811 and n-butyllithium, placing at 25-100 ℃, and reacting for 2-24 hours to obtain a positive electrode material Li2NCM 811; wherein the molar ratio of NCM811 to n-butyllithium is 1: 2.
Specifically, the NCM811 and n-butyllithium solution may be first added to the n-hexane solvent; wherein the molar ratio of NCM811 to n-butyllithium is 1: 2.
Then, the mixed solution can be placed at 25-100 ℃ to be stirred and reacted for 2-24 hours; thereby obtaining the material Li of the positive electrode of the lithium battery2NCM811。
The embodiment of the invention also provides a material LiCl-Li of the electrolyte of the lithium battery2O-GaF3The production process of (2) may comprise the steps of:
mixing LiCl and Li2O and GaF3And reacting at 800 ℃ for 2-8 hours to obtain an electrolyte material LiCl-Li2O-GaF3。
Specifically, first LiCl and Li can be used2O and GaF3Mixing; wherein, LiCl and Li2O and GaF3In a molar ratio of 1-5:1: 1.
Then, the mixed LiCl and Li can be mixed2O and GaF3Reacting at 500-800 deg.c for 2-8 hr; thereby obtaining LiCl-Li which is a material of lithium-rich solid electrolyte with phase change property2O-GaF3。
The embodiment of the invention also provides a production process of the bismuth-antimony alloy with the three-dimensional porous structure as the material of the negative electrode of the lithium battery, which comprises the following steps:
mixing bismuth powder and antimony powder, placing the mixture at the temperature of 200-400 ℃, firing for 2-8 hours, and sintering to obtain the bismuth-antimony alloy with the three-dimensional porous structure of the cathode material.
Specifically, bismuth powder and antimony powder in any proportion can be mixed; then the mixed bismuth powder and antimony powder are placed at the temperature of 200-400 ℃ for firing for 2-8 hours; thereby obtaining the material of the negative electrode of the lithium battery without containing lithium.
As an example, 50% of bismuth powder and 50% of antimony powder may be sintered at 300 ℃, so as to obtain a bismuth-antimony alloy with a three-dimensional porous structure as a material of a lithium-free negative electrode, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
As another example, 30% bismuth powder and 70% antimony powder may be sintered at 400 ℃, so as to obtain a bismuth-antimony alloy with a three-dimensional porous structure as a material of a lithium-free negative electrode, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
As another example, 70% bismuth powder and 30% antimony powder may be sintered at 200 ℃ to obtain a bismuth-antimony alloy with a three-dimensional porous structure as a material of a lithium-free negative electrode, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, as the material for generating the cathode of the lithium battery does not use lithium metal, the problem of production danger caused by using over-active lithium metal when the cathode of the lithium battery is produced can be avoided; and because the negative pole does not contain lithium, can effective cost and threshold of reducing production.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a vehicle, and the vehicle can be provided with the lithium battery.
The production processes of the lithium battery, the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the electrolyte and the vehicle are described in detail, specific examples are applied to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the invention, and the description of the examples is only used for helping to understand the method and the core concept of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A lithium battery, characterized in that the lithium battery comprises:
a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte;
wherein at least one of the positive electrode and the electrolyte is a lithium-rich material; the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte with phase change property; the negative electrode is a lithium-free negative electrode.
2. The lithium battery of claim 1,
the material of the positive electrode is LiCoO2And LiFePO4At least one of;
the material of the electrolyte is LiCl-Li2O-GaF3。
3. The lithium battery of claim 1,
the material of the positive electrode is Li2[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2；
The electrolyte material is at least one of oxide electrolyte, sulfide electrolyte or polymer solid electrolyte.
4. The lithium battery of claim 1,
the material of the positive electrode is Li2[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2；
The material of the electrolyte is LiCl-Li2O-GaF3。
5. A lithium battery according to any one of claims 2 or 4,
in the electrolyte, Li2O, LiCl and GaF3In a molar ratio of 1-5:1: 1.
6. A lithium battery according to any one of claims 1-4,
the negative electrode is made of bismuth-antimony alloy, graphite or silicon-carbon alloy with a three-dimensional porous structure.
7. A process for producing a material for a positive electrode of a lithium battery as defined in claim 4, comprising the steps of:
mixing NCM811 and n-butyllithium, placing at 25-100 ℃, and reacting for 2-24 hours to obtain the anode material Li2[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2(ii) a Wherein the molar ratio of NCM811 to n-butyllithium is 1: 2.
8. A process for producing a material for an electrolyte of a lithium battery as claimed in claim 4, characterized by comprising the steps of:
mixing LiCl and Li2O and GaF3And reacting at 800 ℃ for 2-8 hours to obtain the electrolyte material LiCl-Li2O-GaF3。
9. A process for producing a material for a negative electrode of a lithium battery as defined in claim 6, wherein the negative electrode material for a lithium battery is a bismuth-antimony alloy having a three-dimensional porous structure; the method comprises the following steps:
mixing bismuth powder and antimony powder, placing at the temperature of 200-400 ℃, firing for 2-8 hours, and sintering to obtain the bismuth-antimony alloy with the three-dimensional porous structure of the cathode material.
10. A vehicle, characterized in that it is equipped with a lithium battery as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 1 to 6.
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