CN114627633A

CN114627633A - Ad hoc network water meter centralized reading system and method constructed based on multiple agents

Info

Publication number: CN114627633A
Application number: CN202011453758.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 武永华; 羊富贵; 张�浩; 张禹; 颜峰坡
Original assignee: Fujian Jiangxia University
Current assignee: Fujian Jiangxia University
Priority date: 2020-12-12
Filing date: 2020-12-12
Publication date: 2022-06-14

Abstract

The invention relates to a system and a method for centralized reading of Ad hoc network water meters constructed based on multiple agents, wherein the system is divided into three stages, and comprises three different agents, namely a collector Agent, a concentrator Agent and a management center Agent; the collector Agent is connected with the water meter sensor and collects the reading of the water meter in real time; the concentrator Agent is responsible for managing the work of a plurality of collector agents and is used for summarizing the data of the collector agents or issuing instructions to the collectors to control the running states of the collectors; the management center Agent manages a plurality of concentrator Agent nodes, collects data of each concentrator Agent node, and issues commands to the collector agents under the concentrator Agent nodes. The invention provides a basic Internet of things perception layer for intelligent water affairs, provides accurate water affair data for water affair management, quickly acquires all available information such as water quality and the like at any time, realizes the aims of water saving and energy saving, better manages water supply and drainage facilities distributed all over, and improves the operation and maintenance management efficiency.

Description

Ad hoc network water meter centralized reading system and method constructed based on multiple agents

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of centralized reading of water meters, in particular to a system and a method for centralized reading of Ad hoc network water meters constructed based on multiple agents.

Background

Micropower wireless meter reading is applied to the water and electricity industry from the later stage of the 90 th of the 20 th century, and the users experience transmission of a star network, a tree network and a fixed frequency point grid network in more than 10 years of technical development, and partially develop to a fourth generation technology, namely an Ad-Hoc network data transmission mode of automatic frequency hopping and Ad-Hoc network at present. The application of the Ad hoc network in the meter reading industry has little attention, at present, domestic Yueshan discusses Ad hoc network protocol and application thereof in a wireless meter reading system, and the design of Nintoxin and the like realizes the wireless meter reading system based on the Ad-hoc network, wherein the wireless communication module adopts CC1101, and the modulation mode is GFSK. The household micropower wireless meter reading application scheme of Liu Lei is based on an Ad-hoc network, and the modulation mode of a wireless communication module is GFSK. The researches mainly focus on reducing the node transmitting power, detecting abnormal nodes and the like, but the intelligence and coordination of the nodes are not considered, the receiving sensitivity is poor, and the meter reading speed is low.

At present, wireless water meter reading network technologies at home and abroad include WIFI, HomeRF, bluetooth BLE4.0, Zigbee, GPRS, micropower wireless network, and low power consumption wide area network (LPWAN). WIFI, HomeRF, Bluetooth and the like are not applied to the centralized meter reading of domestic water meters. The Zigbee communication technology is used internationally. 27 ten thousand residents in the Sweden Goldburg in 2007 realize an automatic meter reading system of the Zigbee technology, and the characteristics of the Zigbee, such as realization cost, low power consumption, alliance protocol and the like, are not completely suitable for domestic requirements, and are hardly deployed in application occasions at home. The scheme based on the GPRS meter reading technology is numerous in China, is widely applied and is limited to the aspects of base stations of operators, traffic cost and the like. The micro-power wireless network domestic water meter reading has a lot of applications and related documents, such as the design of a Si4432-based wireless ad hoc network meter reading system of Lidong, the application and research of a 433M-based routing algorithm of Xiongrou in the meter reading system and the like, and mainly adopts two modulation modes of FSK and GFSK. With the rise of the Internet of things, a low power consumption wide area network (LPWAN) is in operation, and NB-IoT and LoRa are outstanding. NB-IoT is not commercialized at present, and the research popularity in China is high. The LoRa network is already subjected to trial run or deployment in many foreign countries, but Lora is less applied in China and less in the aspect of meter reading collection, and relevant documents in China only include a wireless meter reading controller of a Water meter end based on SX1278 of Wang Rui.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a system and a method for centralized reading of Ad hoc network water meters constructed based on multiple agents, which provide a basic internet of things sensing layer for intelligent water affairs, provide accurate water affair data for water affair management, and quickly acquire available information such as water quality and the like at any time, thereby saving water and energy.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a system for centralized reading of Ad hoc network water meters constructed based on multiple agents is divided into three levels, wherein the system comprises three different agents, namely a collector Agent, a concentrator Agent and a management center Agent; the collector Agent is connected with the water meter sensor and collects the reading of the water meter in real time; the concentrator Agent is responsible for managing the work of a plurality of collector agents and is used for summarizing the data of the collector agents or issuing instructions to the collectors to control the running state of the collectors; the management center Agent manages a plurality of concentrator Agent nodes, collects data of each concentrator Agent node, and issues commands to the collector agents under the concentrator Agent nodes.

Furthermore, an Ad hoc network is formed between the concentrator Agent and a plurality of collector agents managed by the concentrator Agent, and any node in the network can be used as a route for forwarding messages for other nodes.

Further, the Ad hoc network protocol is designed based on an on-demand protocol, and includes four basic messages: concentrator Agent broadcast messages, routing request broadcast messages, routing response broadcast messages, routing error messages

Furthermore, the concentrator Agent and a plurality of collector agents managed by the concentrator Agent have the ability of sensing network topology and determining a data transmission path.

Furthermore, the collector Agent comprises a PIC single chip microcomputer, a power module, a LoRa wireless communication module, an FMCOS-SE safety module and a pulse metering sensor module; the PIC singlechip is connected with the LoRa wireless communication module, the FMCOS-SE safety module and the pulse metering sensor module respectively; the power module and the Agent comprise a PIC single chip microcomputer, and the LoRa wireless communication module and the FMCOS-SE safety module are respectively connected.

Furthermore, the concentrator Agent comprises a mainboard module, a LoRa wireless communication module, a 4G communication module, a power module and an FMCOS-SE safety module; the main board module is respectively connected with the LoRa wireless communication module, the 4G communication module and the FMCOS-SE safety module; the power module is connected with the main board module, the LoRa wireless communication module and the 4G communication module respectively.

A multi-Agent network construction method of an Ad hoc network water meter centralized reading system based on multi-Agent construction comprises the following steps:

step 1: the concentrator Agent which is not accessed to the network actively initiates a network access request to the concentrator Agent;

step 2: the request directly reaches the concentrator node or reaches the concentrator Agent through a plurality of node routes in the network;

and step 3: after confirming the network access request, the concentrator Agent issues basic system parameters to the network access request;

and 4, step 4: after receiving the basic parameters of the system, the collector Agent updates the configuration of the node per se, responds to the concentrator and completes network access;

and 5: the concentrator Agent is accessed to the management center Agent for registration and system configuration acquisition when the concentrator Agent is started for the first time.

Further, the basic system parameters include a time point and an interval allocated to the node to initiate data upload.

A multi-Agent communication coordination method of an Ad hoc network water meter centralized reading system constructed based on multiple agents comprises the following steps:

step 1: the collector Agent uploads data to the concentrator Agent according to a determined time interval by taking an uploading time point determined during network access as a reference;

step 2: the concentrator Agent caches the data transmitted by the collector Agent in a local storage;

and step 3: the concentrator Agent sends a communication request to the management center Agent;

and 4, step 4: when receiving a request of a concentrator Agent, a management center Agent checks whether a task which is not assigned to the Agent exists in a task queue; if yes, issuing corresponding tasks in the response;

and 5: when receiving the task, the concentrator Agent actively contacts the collector Agent node which actually executes the task and issues the task.

Furthermore, the communication between the concentrator Agent and the management center Agent has two modes of real time and non-real time; in a real-time mode, the concentrator Agent immediately initiates communication with the management center when receiving data sent by the collector Agent or meeting a certain time interval, and submits the data to the management center; in non-real time mode, the concentrator Agent initiates communication only at fixed time intervals.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides a basic Internet of things perception layer for intelligent water affairs, provides accurate water affair data for water affair management, quickly acquires all available information such as water quality and the like at any time, realizes the aims of water saving and energy saving, better manages water supply and drainage facilities distributed all over, and improves the operation and maintenance management efficiency.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a collector Agent structure in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a concentrator Agent structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a security module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a coordination process of communication between multiple agents according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an address broadcasting method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a new node E joining an existing network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a route response according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a system for centralized reading of Ad hoc network water meters constructed based on multiple agents, which is divided into three stages, including three different agents, namely, collector Agent, concentrator Agent and management center Agent; the collector Agent is connected with the water meter sensor and collects the reading of the water meter in real time; the concentrator Agent is responsible for managing the work of a plurality of collector agents and is used for summarizing the data of the collector agents or issuing instructions to the collectors to control the running states of the collectors; the management center Agent manages a plurality of concentrator Agent nodes, collects data of each concentrator Agent node, and issues commands to the collector agents under the concentrator Agent nodes.

In this embodiment, an Ad hoc network is formed between the collector agents and the concentrator agents. Although the concentrator Agent is logically a central node of several collector agents, it is not necessary for the concentrator Agent to communicate directly with the collector agents. Any node within the network may forward the packet as a route to other nodes. The water meter data collected by the collector agents can be transmitted to the corresponding concentrator agents through multi-hop, and the control instruction of the concentrator agents can reach a certain collector Agent in a multi-hop mode.

Preferably, the Ad hoc network protocol is designed based on an on-demand protocol, and includes four basic messages: concentrator Agent broadcast messages, routing request broadcast messages, routing response broadcast messages, routing error messages

Table 1 shows the format of the broadcast message of the concentrator Agent. The concentrator Agent broadcasts an address to the collector Agent nodes using this type of message. The fields of the message are described as follows:

TABLE 1

Version number: version number of currently used protocol

Type II: type of message

③ TTL: the number of surviving hops of the message. When the TTL is 0, the message is invalid when the TTL is 1.

Fourthly, hop count: number of hops a message passes

Fifth, via the node address: address of broadcast message currently passing through node

Sixthly, the concentrator Agent source node address: concentrator Agent node address for broadcast

Broadcast sequence number: broadcast sequence number maintained by source

Table 2 shows a route request protocol packet. In communication, when a source node cannot find a destination node in a routing table, a routing request message is broadcast to adjacent nodes to establish a forwarding path to a target. The fields of the route request message are described as follows:

TABLE 2

First, via a node address: the routing request message is currently via the node address

Source node address: address of routing request originating node

Third, the source node sequence number: the sequence number maintained by the source node indicates the old and new of the request

Destination node address: address of destination node

The sequence number of the destination node is as follows: the sequence number maintained by the destination node indicates the freshness of the response.

Table 3 shows the route response message. And the destination node in the routing request responds to the routing request by using the routing response message. The fields of the route request message are described as follows:

TABLE 3

①

② via node address: routing response message currently via node address

And thirdly, forwarding node address: specifying which node the packet is to be forwarded by

Fourthly, the address of the source node: address of node sending out route response message

The source node sequence number: the sequence number maintained by the source node indicates the freshness of the response.

Sixth, the destination node address: destination node address of routing response message

Table 4 shows a routing error message. The routing error message is used for broadcasting the abnormal connection node to the network. The fields of the routing error message are described as follows:

TABLE 4

Firstly, via a node address: address of current passing node of routing error message

Number of error nodes: number of nodes containing errors in message

(n) error node address (n) the address of the nth node with connection error

Fourthly, the serial number n of the error node: when an error occurs, the serial number of the error node occurs in the routing table cache.

In this embodiment, the collector Agent and the concentrator Agent also have the ability to sense the network topology and determine the data transmission path. The communication between the concentrator Agent and the management center Agent is performed via the 4G network using the HTTP protocol. When submitting a data request, the concentrator Agent submits the data to a corresponding HTTP API of the management center.

Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the collector Agent includes a PIC single chip microcomputer, a power module, a LoRa wireless communication module, an FMCOS-SE security module, and a pulse metering sensor module; the PIC singlechip is connected with the LoRa wireless communication module, the FMCOS-SE safety module and the pulse metering sensor module respectively; the power module and the Agent comprise a PIC single chip microcomputer, and the LoRa wireless communication module and the FMCOS-SE safety module are respectively connected.

Preferably, the microcontroller of the collector Agent adopts a PIC24FJ128GA 30816-bit low-power consumption microcontroller of Microchip company. The hardware module is responsible for sensor data reading, control signal output, data storage and communication. The microcontroller has a 16x16 hardware multiplier and a 32x16 hardware divider to facilitate processing of meter data. Meanwhile, the current power consumption of the microcontroller during sleep is 400nA, and the microcontroller can operate for a long time under the power supply of a battery.

The power supply switching circuit supports two paths of direct current power supplies and dry batteries to supply power respectively. When the direct current power supply and the battery are simultaneously connected, the direct current power supply is preferentially selected to supply power. The storage module and the wireless communication module are respectively provided with 3.3V power supply input by two independent HT7333 low dropout linear voltage regulators. The on-off of the control circuit is controlled by a MOS field effect transistor switch.

The LoRa wireless communication module uses an SX1278 LoRa wireless module of Semtech company. The module is a long-distance low-power-consumption wireless communication module, adopts a spread spectrum technology, and has the characteristics of long communication distance, high receiving sensitivity and low power consumption. The typical current power consumption is 0.2uA during sleep, 10mA during reception, and 2mA during transmission with 7dm of transmitted power. The maximum transmission distance in a city is about 3 kilometers, and the method is suitable for long-distance low-power-consumption data transmission.

The FMCOS-SE security module is a security module developed based on an FM1280 chip, adopts an ARM 32-bit security CPU, and is loaded with a special operating system. The FMSE security module encrypts some sensitive data related to the water meter, such as a user password, a user ID, card authentication data, a step water price, water meter reading, valve control conditions, a device root key and the like, and the used encryption algorithm is an SM4 security encryption algorithm supported by the FMSE.

Referring to fig. 3, in this embodiment, the concentrator Agent hardware is mainly based on an S3C6410 development board, and the development board is connected to the 4G communication module by using an SPI interface and a USB interface wireless communication module, respectively. The concentrator Agent obtains the system information, the water meter information, the valve and the like which are transmitted by the collector Agent and encrypted through the FMCOS-SE through the LoRa wireless module, and uploads the system information, the water meter information, the valve and the like to the server through the 4G communication module. And the server completes the encryption and decryption operation of the data.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the concentrator Agent processor is a samsung S3C6410 processor. The core is based on ARM1176JZF-S and comprises a 16KB instruction data cache and a 16KB instruction data TCM. The power supply on the concentrator Agent board is provided by a direct current power supply.

In the implementation, the concentrator Agent adopts a U8300C 4G wireless module, is suitable for wireless terminal products of FDD-LTE/TDD-LTE/TD-SCDMA/UMTS/EVDO/EDGE/GPRS/GSM/CDMA multiple network systems and GPS positioning service, under the FDD-LTE network, the access speed of U8300C can reach 100Mbps in the downlink and 50Mbps in the uplink, under the TDD-LTE network, the downlink of the U8300C access speed can reach 61Mbps, the uplink can reach 18Mbps, under the condition of no LTE network coverage, the U8300C can also be accessed through TD-SCDMA, the speed can reach 4.2Mbps of downlink and 2.2Mbps of uplink, through UMTS access, the rate can reach 42Mbps downlink and 5.76Mbps uplink, through EVDO access, the rate can reach 14.7 Mbps downlink and 5.4Mbps uplink, the EGDE access rate can reach 237kbps, and the GPRS access rate can reach 85.6 kbps. The GPS can support 55 channels, the tracking navigation receiving sensitivity reaches-161 dBm, the cold start time is within 32S, and the hot start time is within 1S. The U8300C can provide functions such as short messages and address books while providing high-speed data access and GPS positioning services, and can be widely applied to products such as mobile broadband access, video monitoring, handheld terminals, vehicle-mounted equipment and the like. The system adopts a serial port UART of an ARM embedded system S3C6410 to complete the control of the U8300C 4G module. And driving a triode S8050 through the GPIO pin of S3C6410 to reset the 4G module. The concentrator agents remotely transmit relevant data such as user information, channel information, water meter dial data, valve control data and the like to a background database through a U8300C 4G wireless module, and centralized management and monitoring of a plurality of concentrator agents are achieved.

In this embodiment, a communication protocol between the collector Agent and the concentrator Agent is designed according to features on the LoRa hardware and an actual application scenario. And the communication between the collector Agent and the concentrator Agent and the server/handheld terminal is interacted in a data packet mode. A complete command packet consists of the start ID, packet length, command 1, command 2, command 3, command unit and check unit terminator, see Table 5

Table 1 general format of server, concentrator, collector information interaction command packet

Command 1

Representative Source end device 53H (V) representative of Server end

57H (W) stands for hand-held terminal/Bluetooth

55H (U) stands for serial port debugger

52H (R) stands for collector

4DH (M) stands for concentrator

Command 2

Representative terminal device 53H (V) representative server side

57H (W) stands for hand-held terminal/Bluetooth

55H (U) stands for serial port debugger

52H (R) stands for harvester

4DH (M) stands for concentrator

Command 3

The command comprises up to 100 commands of inquiring collector Agent information, serial port setting, water meter information and valve information setting, Ad-Hoc network channel type and frequency setting and the like.

Verification unit

a) The "command data" in the protocol is checked. From the 1 st byte of "Command 1" to the last byte of the data area;

b) using 16 bits of CRC check polynomial x¹⁶+x²+1(0x8005), generating a CRC checksum of 2 bytes (high byte after, low byte before);

c) the sender should generate two-byte CRC checksum according to the command unit, and the receiver generates new CRC checksum according to the command unit after receiving the complete data packet;

d) the new CRC checksum is equal to the received checksum indicating that the packet is valid.

Referring to fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the security module is a dedicated security encryption chip designed based on the requirements of the ISO7816 specification, and supports a meter to implement security protection on sensitive data; the security module contains water meter application, the application directory is MF, and the following figures are file structures of the collector Agent and the concentrator Agent security module.

In this embodiment, a method for establishing a multi-Agent network of an Ad hoc network water meter centralized meter reading system based on multi-Agent construction is also provided, which includes the following steps:

Preferably, the basic system parameters include a time point and an interval allocated to the node to initiate data upload. Different uploading time points are used for avoiding network congestion caused by the fact that a plurality of collector agents initiate uploading at the same time, and different time intervals influence the real-time performance and power consumption of data. The shorter the time interval of data uploading is, the better the real-time performance of the data is, but the higher the communication frequency is, the higher the average power consumption is, and the shorter the service life of the battery is; conversely, the longer the time interval for data upload, the less real-time the data, but the lower the average power consumption, the longer the battery life.

Referring to fig. 5, in this embodiment, there is further provided a method for coordinating communication between multiple agents of an Ad hoc network water meter centralized meter reading system constructed based on multiple agents, including the following steps:

Preferably, the communication between the concentrator Agent and the management center Agent has two modes of real time and non-real time; in a real-time mode, the concentrator Agent immediately initiates communication with the management center when receiving data sent by the collector Agent or meeting a certain time interval, and submits the data to the management center; in non-real time mode, the concentrator Agent initiates communication only at fixed time intervals.

In this embodiment, each node maintains a routing table as shown in table 6. The routing table contains the address of the next node to be traversed to reach a node and the number of hops required to reach the node. The sequence number field represents the freshness of this piece of data, and is mainly used for route update and loop avoidance. The modes of one node for discovering the route reaching other nodes include address broadcasting, passive acquisition and request on demand. The address broadcasting mode can be initiated only by the concentrator Agent and is mainly used for transmitting the self route to the reachable nodes in the network at the initial stage of network establishment. When the address broadcasting is used, the concentrator Agent broadcasts the address of the concentrator Agent to the adjacent nodes, the nodes receiving the broadcasting update the routing table of the concentrator Agent, the broadcasting packet message is forwarded to the adjacent nodes of the concentrator Agent, and the routing information of the concentrator Agent is transmitted to all reachable nodes in the network in a flooding mode. After the address broadcasting is finished, the initial nodes when the network is built establish a routing entry reaching the concentrator Agent node. The passive acquisition mode refers to a mode that a node reversely acquires a route reaching a certain node in the communication process. Suppose a newly-accessed collector Agent node A obtains a route to a concentrator Agent node C by using an on-demand request mode, and the node C does not know the route of the node A at the moment. When node a sends a data packet to node C via the node B route, node C will add node B to the route entry to node a. Any node will request a route to the destination from the neighboring nodes using an on-demand request before sending data to nodes that are not recorded in a routing table. This method is usually used in the case that a new network access node initiates communication to the concentrator Agent, and when a network failure occurs in a certain node and other nodes need to update the routing table, the network failure is not reachable. The detailed steps will be described below in terms of an address broadcast manner and an on-demand request manner.

TABLE 6

Destination node address	Next hop address	Hop count	Destination node sequence number
				0x00000001	0x00000004	3	3

1.1.1 Address broadcast mode

(1) Broadcast initiation

The broadcast message initiated by the concentrator Agent contains three elements of a via address, a source address and a source serial number. The address of the concentrator Agent is filled in through the address and the source address, and the source sequence number is filled in a group of increasing sequence numbers maintained by the concentrator initiating the broadcast so as to identify the old and new of the broadcast message. TTL is filled according to the broadcasting scale, and the hop count is set to be 0.

(2) Broadcast reception

After receiving the concentrator Agent broadcast message, the adjacent node firstly checks whether TTL is greater than 0, and if so, the adjacent node continuously checks whether the concentrator Agent node address in the broadcast message is equal to the concentrator address affiliated to the adjacent node. If so, checking whether a route to the concentrator node exists in the routing table. If the routing table satisfies one of the following conditions: if the serial number of the node in the routing table is less than that in the message and the serial number of the node in the routing table is equal to that in the message and the hop number is greater than that in the message, the routing table is updated and the message is forwarded.

(3) Updating a routing table:

and respectively filling the source node address and the source node sequence number in the received message into a destination node address field and a destination node sequence number field, filling the next hop address field in the message through the node field, adding one to the hop number in the message, and filling the hop number field.

(4) Message forwarding:

when the message is forwarded, the address of the node is filled in the field of the node, TTL is subtracted by 1, and the hop count is added by 1.

As shown in fig. 6, the solid node is a concentrator Agent and has an address of D, the hollow node is a collector Agent and has addresses of a, B, and C, respectively. And taking the nodes directly connected by the solid lines as adjacent reachable nodes. In the figure, three nodes A, B and C are adjacent, C is adjacent to D, and A, B and D are not adjacent. The concentrator Agent node D initiates address broadcast, and the broadcast sequence number is 1. The arrows in the figure indicate the propagation paths of address broadcasts, and address broadcasts sent by A and B are omitted in the figure. When the broadcast is communicated to all reachable nodes in the network, each node caches the next-hop path to D in the routing table. The C node can directly transmit data to the D node, and the A node and the B node can transmit the data to the C node and then the C node transmits the data to the D node. After the broadcasting is finished, the D node does not know the existence of other nodes, and the D node can establish a reverse route in a passive acquisition mode only when the other nodes initiate communication to the D node.

In this embodiment, the on-demand request method specifically includes the following steps:

(1) initiating a routing request

The routing request message contains five elements of a via node address, a source node serial number, a destination node address and a destination node serial number. The node initiating the routing request fills the address of the node into the address of the source node and the address field of the destination node through the node, and fills the self-increasing sequence number maintained by the node into the sequence number field of the source node. The destination node field is filled with the last known sequence number of the destination node. If the destination node is never found by the node, -1 is filled in.

(2) Processing of routing requests

The node receiving the routing request message firstly judges whether the TTL of the message is 0, and if not, whether the message is sent by the node is continuously judged; if not, checking whether a request containing the same < source node address, source node serial number > is received within a certain time, if not, checking whether a record with the serial number larger than the destination node serial number in the message exists in the node routing table, if so, sending a routing response message, if not, starting a timer, establishing a routing record taking the source node in the message as the destination node in the routing table, filling the next hop address field in the via node address, adding 1 to the hop number field in the message, filling the hop number field in the hop number field, and filling the source node serial number in the destination node serial number field. After the routing table is finished, the node fills the self sequence number into the passing node field of the received message, subtracts 1 from TTL, and adds 1 to the hop count, and then forwards the message.

(3) Initiating a routing response

When the node receives the effective routing request message, if the node is the destination of the request or a routing record of the request node is in the node routing table, and the sequence number of the node in the record is greater than that in the request message, a routing response message is sent. The node sending out the response fills the destination address and the sequence number in the request message into the source node address and the sequence number field in the route response message, fills the address of the node into the via node address field, fills the hop count into the hop count field, fills the initiating node address of the route request message into the destination node address field, fills the forwarding node field through the node address, fills the source node address into the destination node address field and resets the TTL value.

(4) Handling of route responses

And the node receiving the routing response message checks whether the TTL value in the message is 0, and if not, the current node is continuously checked whether the current node is consistent with the destination node in the message. If the source node address, the source node serial number and the next hop address field in the response message are matched, the destination node address, the destination node serial number and the next hop address field in the routing table are respectively updated through the node address, the source node serial number and the source node address in the response message, and the hop number is added by 1 and is filled in the hop number field. If the destination node address of the received message does not accord with the current node address, whether the address of the node per se accords with the forwarding node field in the message is checked, if so, the routing table is updated, the next hop node address which accords with the destination address routing item in the routing table is filled into the forwarding node address field, the address per se is filled into the passing node field, the hop count and TTL are subtracted by 1, and then the response message is forwarded.

Fig. 7 shows that the new node E joins the existing network. A, B, C and D are nodes in the existing Agent network. After a certain time of operation, A, B, C and D all learn the next hop route to other nodes in the network. The figure lists only the routing tables of the nodes a, B directly connected to E. The E node broadcasts a routing request for node D to the neighboring nodes. Since the E node has no knowledge of the D node, the sequence number of the destination node in the request message is-1.

As shown in FIG. 8, since both A and B have a routing entry in their routing tables to D and both sequence numbers are greater than-1, both A and B will initiate a routing response to E. Because the hop counts of the a and B routing tables to D are all 2, and the last known node D stored in the routing table needs to be the same, the node E will update the information in the response message that arrives first into the routing table, and ignore the information in the message that arrives later.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for centralized reading of Ad hoc network water meters constructed based on multiple agents is characterized by being divided into three levels, wherein the system comprises three different agents, namely a collector Agent, a concentrator Agent and a management center Agent; the collector Agent is connected with the water meter sensor and collects the reading of the water meter in real time; the concentrator Agent is responsible for managing the work of a plurality of collector agents and is used for summarizing the data of the collector agents or issuing instructions to the collectors to control the running state of the collectors; the management center Agent manages a plurality of concentrator Agent nodes, collects data of each concentrator Agent node, and issues commands to the collector agents under the concentrator Agent nodes.

2. The Ad hoc network water meter centralized meter reading system constructed based on multiple agents according to claim 1, wherein an Ad hoc network is formed between the concentrator Agent and a plurality of collector agents managed by the concentrator Agent, and any node in the network can forward messages as a route for other nodes.

3. The Ad hoc network water meter centralized meter reading system constructed based on multiple agents according to claim 2, wherein the Ad hoc network protocol is designed based on an on-demand protocol, and comprises four basic messages: the concentrator Agent broadcasts messages, routing request broadcast messages, routing response broadcast messages and routing error messages.

4. The Ad hoc network water meter centralized meter reading system constructed based on multiple agents according to claim 1, wherein a sensing network topology is further provided between the concentrator Agent and a plurality of collector agents managed by the concentrator Agent, and the ability of determining a data transmission path is determined.

5. The Ad hoc network water meter centralized meter reading system constructed based on multiple agents according to claim 1, wherein the collector Agent comprises a PIC single chip microcomputer, a power module, a LoRa wireless communication module, a FMCOS-SE safety module and a pulse metering sensor module; the PIC singlechip is connected with the LoRa wireless communication module, the FMCOS-SE safety module and the pulse metering sensor module respectively; the power module and the Agent comprise a PIC single chip microcomputer, and the LoRa wireless communication module and the FMCOS-SE safety module are respectively connected.

6. The Ad hoc network water meter centralized meter reading system constructed based on multiple agents according to claim 1, wherein the concentrator Agent comprises a mainboard module, a LoRa wireless communication module, a 4G communication module, a power module and a FMCOS-SE security module; the main board module is respectively connected with the LoRa wireless communication module, the 4G communication module and the FMCOS-SE safety module; the power module is connected with the main board module, the LoRa wireless communication module and the 4G communication module respectively.

7. A multi-Agent network construction method of an Ad hoc network water meter centralized reading system based on multi-Agent construction is characterized by comprising the following steps:

8. The method for establishing the multi-Agent network of the Ad hoc network water meter centralized meter reading system based on the multi-Agent construction of claim 7, wherein the basic system parameters comprise time points and intervals allocated to the nodes to initiate data uploading.

9. A multi-Agent communication coordination method of an Ad hoc network water meter centralized reading system constructed based on multiple agents is characterized by comprising the following steps:

10. The method for coordinating communication among the agents of the Ad hoc network water meter centralized reading system constructed based on the agents as claimed in claim 9, wherein the communication between the concentrator Agent and the Agent of the management center has two modes of real time and non-real time; in a real-time mode, the concentrator Agent immediately initiates communication with the management center when receiving data sent by the collector Agent or meeting a certain time interval, and submits the data to the management center; in non-real time mode, the concentrator Agent initiates communication only at fixed time intervals.