CN114626224A - Method for determining inner cavity taper of ultrahigh-pulling-speed square billet continuous casting crystallizer - Google Patents
Method for determining inner cavity taper of ultrahigh-pulling-speed square billet continuous casting crystallizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114626224A CN114626224A CN202210268630.1A CN202210268630A CN114626224A CN 114626224 A CN114626224 A CN 114626224A CN 202210268630 A CN202210268630 A CN 202210268630A CN 114626224 A CN114626224 A CN 114626224A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
Abstract
The patent discloses a method for determining the taper of an inner cavity of an ultrahigh pulling speed square billet continuous casting crystallizer, which comprises the following steps of 1) synthesizing the shrinkage of a solidified shell and the high-temperature deformation of a copper pipe in a crystallizer area obtained by numerical simulation to obtain the three-dimensional change rule of the taper of the copper pipe of the ultrahigh pulling speed square billet crystallizer in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction; 2) the taper is obtained based on ideal working conditions and is adaptive to the length of the adopted super-high-speed crystallizer and the fillet radius of the corner; 3) for convenience of manufacturing, a plurality of characteristic points are selected in the transverse direction of a solidified casting blank, a change curve of the taper of the crystallizer in the vertical direction is obtained through numerical value regression, and the change of the taper between different characteristic points is gradually and naturally transited during processing; 4) according to the difference of solidification shrinkage characteristics of peritectic steel and non-peritectic steel, the conicity of the two types of crystallizer copper pipes is designed to meet the production requirement. According to the invention, the inner cavity taper curve which ensures the high-efficiency heat transfer of the crystallizer can be obtained, and a foundation is laid for realizing the super-high speed of the square billet continuous casting and ensuring the casting blank quality and the continuous casting smooth running.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides a method for determining the taper of an inner cavity of a crystallizer in the process of ultrahigh-pulling-speed square billet continuous casting, so that a taper curve of the inner cavity of the crystallizer, which ensures the efficient heat transfer of the crystallizer, thereby realizing the ultrahigh-speed square billet continuous casting and ensuring the quality of a casting blank and the smooth continuous casting, can be obtained. The method is mainly applied to the fields of crystallizer inner cavity taper design and crystallizer manufacture and use in the continuous casting process of steel.
Background
As one of the main development trends of the current continuous casting technology, the square billet continuous casting super-speed not only can obviously improve the productivity, reduce the production cost and save the energy consumption, but also has great significance for realizing the square billet continuous casting and rolling process. Compared with the conventional drawing speed square billet continuous casting, the drawing speed of the ultra-high speed square billet continuous casting is greatly improved, the solidification speed is obviously accelerated, and the key of the design of the crystallizer is to ensure the efficient heat transfer of the crystallizer. The taper of the inner cavity of the crystallizer is the most remarkable among the factors influencing the heat transfer of the continuous casting crystallizer, such as cooling water, a cooling structure of a copper pipe, an operating condition, the taper of the inner cavity and the like.
In the continuous casting process, molten steel injected into the inner cavity of the crystallizer through the submerged nozzle is subjected to the cooling effect of the forced water-cooling crystallizer copper pipe, and is gradually solidified from the meniscus until a solidified shell with a certain thickness is formed at the outlet of the crystallizer. In the process of solidification of molten steel, the shrinkage deformation of a solidified casting blank occurs simultaneously, so that air gaps are generated on the surface of a solidified shell and the hot surface of a crystallized copper tube due to separation, and particularly the thickness of the air gaps is continuously increased along the casting direction of the crystallizer at the middle lower part and the corners of the crystallizer; in addition, the air gap thickness is further increased by the expansion deformation of the crystallizer copper tube after heating. Because the air gap has weak heat conduction capability, the heat transfer capability of the air gap in the crystallizer is obviously reduced when the air gap exists in the crystallizer, so that the temperature distribution and the thickness of a solidified casting blank become uneven, quality defects such as cracks on the surface and the subsurface of the casting blank, longitudinal cracks and the like appear on a final product, and even steel leakage accidents can occur in serious cases. In order to eliminate air gaps in the crystallizer and improve the heat transfer capacity of the crystallizer, the cavity of the crystallizer is designed to be inverted cone to compensate air gaps after a solidified casting blank shrinks and the crystallizer deforms.
Therefore, in order to ensure the realization of high-efficiency heat transfer and ultrahigh casting speed of the crystallizer, the fine design of the taper of the inner cavity of the square billet ultrahigh-speed continuous casting crystallizer is urgently needed. The determination method of the taper of the inner cavity of the continuous casting crystallizer is as follows after the reference and the patent search.
1) Each steel mill determines a taper according to the accumulated production experience and the technological parameters of the produced blank type, steel type, pulling speed and the like, and then corrects the previously proposed taper of the inner cavity of the crystallizer by performing quality analysis on the produced continuous casting billet and observing whether the continuous casting is in a smooth way. The method has the main problems of strong experience dependence, long design period and high cost.
2) And (3) formula derivation calculation, namely calculating the thickness of the casting blank along the casting blank drawing direction according to a liquid steel solidification root mean square formula on the premise of knowing a solidification coefficient, and then calculating the total shrinkage of the cross section of the casting blank according to the relationship between the carbon content and solidification shrinkage, phase change shrinkage, liquid steel shrinkage during cooling and solid steel shrinkage during cooling, so as to obtain a connection taper curve along the casting blank drawing direction. However, the taper is fixed and invariable along the circumferential direction of the crystallizer, so that the casting blank cannot be fully attached to the inner wall, particularly at the corner of the crystallizer; furthermore, the method does not take into account the influence of the deformation of the copper plate on the determination of the taper.
3) Establishing a two-dimensional high-temperature stress strain model of the solidified casting blank, and performing thermal-force coupling simulation by using relevant commercial finite element software by applying empirical heat flow as a heat transfer boundary condition and a corresponding mechanical boundary so as to obtain solidification shrinkage strain information of the casting blank; then, simulating the crystallizer copper plate by the same method to obtain deformation information of the crystallizer copper plate; and finally, superposing the two deformation quantities of the casting blank and the copper plate to obtain a taper curve of the inner cavity of the crystallizer. The method mainly has the problems that the influence of the flowing behavior of the molten steel on the solidification heat transfer cannot be considered after the two-dimensional modeling of the casting blank, and particularly, the reliability of a final simulation result is reduced without considering the forced convection heat transfer obviously increased in the crystallizer under the condition of ultrahigh pulling speed.
4) In addition, a scholars proposes to establish a three-dimensional model of molten steel flowing and solidification heat transfer in a crystallizer, obtain a heat flow boundary by an inverse algorithm and simulate to obtain three-dimensional temperature distribution of a solidified casting blank; based on this, the solidification shrinkage of the solidified cast slab is calculated by using a correlation formula. And establishing a three-dimensional stress-strain model for the crystallizer, and performing full thermal coupling simulation to obtain deformation information of the crystallizer. Finally, the two are combined to obtain the multi-linear back taper of the inner cavity of the square billet crystallizer. The method utilizes a formula to calculate the solidification shrinkage of the casting blank, has a simple processing mode, and does not explain the selection of related parameters during calculation; in addition, the taper of the inner cavity of the crystallizer is artificially and greatly changed during the final determination of the taper of the crystallizer.
5) The invention patent of China "method for determining the taper of the inner cavity of a continuous casting crystallizer" (application number: 201310383942.8) simulating according to a three-dimensional flowing and heat-transferring solidification model coupled with molten metal, a crystallizer and nozzle parameters to obtain three-dimensional temperature distribution of a solidified casting blank and the crystallizer; then the temperature is taken as a heat load and is introduced into the established casting blank two-dimensional high-temperature stress strain model and the crystallizer three-dimensional finite element model for heat-force coupling calculation to obtain deformation information of the two models; and finally, superposing the two strains to obtain the taper curve of the inner cavity of the crystallizer. Although the influence of the flowing behavior of the molten steel on the solidification heat transfer is considered, the method aims at the design of the taper of the inner cavity of the crystallizer at the conventional drawing speed, does not consider the taper design of the crystallizer at the ultrahigh drawing speed, and does not explain the machining problem of the transverse taper curve of the inner cavity of the crystallizer; different types of mold cavity conicity are not designed according to the shrinkage characteristic difference of steel grades.
6) Chinese utility model patent "a plum blossom mold copper pipe" (application number: 201520168790.4) the cross section of the upper curved surface of the crystallizer copper pipe is convex, the cross section of the middle curved surface is rectangular, and the cross section of the lower curved surface is rectangular with four convex corners to fit the curve formed by the bulging of the casting blank, and simultaneously, the transverse temperature uniformity of the casting blank is ensured, thereby realizing high pulling speed. The maximum drawing speed of a square billet of 150mm multiplied by 150mm in the inner cavity structure of the crystallizer designed by the patent is more than 4.0m/min, and the ultrahigh drawing speed is not involved; the patent does not suggest designing the cavity taper of both types of crystallizers for the type of steel grade.
7) Chinese utility model patent "hyperbolic type crystallizer copper pipe" (application number: 201110324570.5) the taper curve of the crystallizer inner cavity is designed as a hyperbolic curve, and a larger taper is arranged near the meniscus, thereby better adapting to the shrinkage of the blank shell on the crystallizer longitudinally, improving the heat transfer effect of the crystallizer and meeting the requirement of high pulling speed. The pull speed aimed by the patent is low, and the ultrahigh pull speed is not involved; only the taper curve of the inner cavity of the crystallizer in the longitudinal direction of the crystallizer is considered, and the design and machining problems of the taper curve of the inner cavity of the crystallizer in the transverse direction are not explained; different types of mold cavity conicity are not designed according to the shrinkage characteristic difference of steel grades.
8) Chinese utility model patent "double W-shaped high pulling speed crystallizer copper pipe" (application number: 200520008088.8), the longitudinal section curve of the inner wall of the crystallizer copper tube consists of an upper straight line segment and a lower quasi-parabolic segment, the two segments are tangent, the longitudinal section curve equation of the inner wall of the crystallizer copper tube is given, and the inner cavity of the whole crystallizer copper tube has continuous inverted taper. The patent also does not relate to the ultrahigh pulling speed of the square billet continuous casting, and does not explain the design and machining problems of the transverse inner cavity taper curve of the crystallizer; different types of taper of the inner cavity of the crystallizer are not designed according to the shrinkage characteristic difference of steel grades.
In summary, the existing determination method of the inner cavity taper of the continuous casting crystallizer and the existing design of the inner cavity taper structure of the square billet continuous casting crystallizer have the following defects that the determination method of the inner cavity taper of the square billet ultra-high speed continuous casting crystallizer which needs to ensure the efficient cooling of the crystallizer is not reported basically aiming at the design of the inner cavity taper of the crystallizer for the plate blank, the square billet, the round billet and the like at the conventional drawing speed; the design and machining problems of the transverse inner cavity taper curve of the crystallizer are not explained; no proposal is made for designing different types of taper of the inner cavity of the crystallizer aiming at the shrinkage characteristic difference of steel grades. Based on the method, the invention provides a method for determining the taper of the inner cavity of the ultrahigh-pulling-speed square billet continuous casting crystallizer, and the method is original.
Disclosure of Invention
Compared with the conventional drawing speed square billet continuous casting, the drawing speed of the ultra-high speed square billet continuous casting is greatly improved, the solidification speed is obviously accelerated, and the key of the design of the crystallizer is to ensure the efficient heat transfer of the crystallizer. In order to ensure the high-efficiency heat transfer of the crystallizer and the realization of the ultrahigh pulling speed, the structure and the taper of the ultrahigh-speed crystallizer different from the conventional pulling speed are required to be designed. The ultra-high-speed crystallizer is generally longer in length and larger in radius of an arc-shaped structure at a corner part, so that the transverse heat transfer uniformity of the crystallizer and the quality of a casting blank meet requirements, and the ultra-high pulling speed is achieved. The taper of the ultra-high-speed square billet continuous casting crystallizer is determined by a mathematical simulation method by knowing the shrinkage of the solidified shell and the deformation rule of the copper crystallizer, because the solidification speed is high, the structure of the crystallizer is different, and the distribution rule of the thickness of the solidified shell in the height direction of the crystallizer is changed, so that the taper of the crystallizer for the conventional continuous casting cannot be adopted for the ultra-high-speed square billet continuous casting.
In conclusion, the taper design of the ultra-high speed billet continuous casting mold is very important. The design of the device ensures that no air gap is generated to the maximum extent in the continuous casting process (no air gap is generated under ideal working conditions, and the air gap is generated under other working conditions to a low extent).
The casting blank solidification shrinkage is different in the continuous casting process of different steel grades, and peritectic steel solidification shrinkage is larger. In order to realize the super-high speed of multi-steel type square billet continuous casting, two types of conicity of peritectic steel and non-peritectic steel are designed and implemented for the super-high speed square billet continuous casting.
The main content of the invention is as follows:
1) by establishing a mathematical model of flowing, heat transferring and high-temperature stress strain integrating a molten steel solidified shell, a protective slag film and a copper pipe water cooling structure in the ultra-high-speed lower billet continuous casting crystallizer without considering an air gap, accurate temperature distribution in the casting blank solidified shell and the copper pipe of the crystallizer, solidification shrinkage of the casting blank solidified shell in the height direction of the crystallizer and the transverse direction of the casting blank and a high-temperature deformation rule of the copper pipe can be obtained through simulation calculation. By combining (adding) the solidification shrinkage of the casting blank solidified shell in the crystallizer area and the high-temperature deformation rule of the copper pipe, the three-dimensional change rule of the taper of the copper pipe in the crystallizer area in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction can be obtained. The change rule of the taper of the crystallizer obtained by calculation is different because the process parameters such as the drawing speed, the superheat degree of molten steel and the like in continuous casting may change. The final taper design of the ultra-high-speed square billet continuous casting crystallizer is obtained based on ideal working condition conditions (the most common drawing speed, the target superheat degree and the like), and the taper calculation data deviating from the ideal working condition is referred; the final design of the taper is also adapted to the length and corner fillet radius (mould cavity structure) of the ultra-high speed continuous casting mould used.
2) The taper of the ultra-high-speed square billet continuous casting crystallizer copper pipe obtained by research is three-dimensionally and continuously changed in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of a casting blank, the structure of an inner cavity of the copper pipe is a three-dimensional curved surface, and the machining is difficult. Therefore, for convenience of machining, on the basis of the finally determined taper change rule of the ultra-high-speed square billet continuous casting crystallizer, a plurality of characteristic points are selected in the transverse direction (circumferential direction) of a solidified casting blank, see fig. 1, data processing regression is carried out to obtain a change curve of the taper of the crystallizer in the vertical direction, and the change of the taper between different characteristic points during machining is gradually and naturally transited, so that smooth machining and manufacturing can be realized on the premise of ensuring that the taper precision of the crystallizer meets the requirement.
3) The back taper of the crystallizer should be theoretically larger due to the larger solidification shrinkage of peritectic steel. In order to achieve the ultra-high speed of the square billet continuous casting and ensure the smooth running of the continuous casting, the simulation calculation and data processing methods of the above contents 1) and 2) can be adopted for the ultra-high speed square billet continuous casting, the taper change curves of the crystallizer copper pipes of peritectic steel and non-peritectic steel are designed, and the crystallizers with the two tapers are used in production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows characteristic points selected along the circumferential surface of a solidified casting: 1-surface center point, 2-1/4L point, 3-1/2L point, 4-3/4L point, 5-arc start point, 6-arc center point, 7-arc end point.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for determining the taper of an inner cavity of an ultrahigh-pulling-speed square billet continuous casting crystallizer, which comprises the following specific implementation modes:
1) aiming at a small square billet continuous casting crystallizer with a cross section less than or equal to 200mm multiplied by 200mm and a drawing speed of 6.0m/min or more, the three-dimensional change rule of the copper tube taper of the square billet continuous casting crystallizer at the ultrahigh drawing speed in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction can be obtained by integrating (adding) the solidification shrinkage of a casting blank solidified shell and the high-temperature deformation rule of the copper tube in the crystallizer area obtained by numerical simulation.
2) The change rule of the crystallizer taper obtained by calculation is influenced by the process parameters of the drawing speed, the molten steel superheat degree and the like in continuous casting. The final taper design of the ultra-high-speed square billet continuous casting crystallizer is obtained based on ideal working condition conditions (the most common drawing speed, the target superheat degree and the like), and calculated data of the taper deviating from the ideal working condition are referred to.
3) The final design of the taper is also suitable for the length (the total length is 1000-1500 mm, and the effective length is 900-1400 mm) of the adopted ultra-high-speed continuous casting crystallizer and the corner fillet radius (the inner cavity structure of the crystallizer).
4) The taper of the ultra-high-speed square billet continuous casting crystallizer copper pipe obtained by the method is three-dimensionally and continuously changed in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of a casting blank, the structure of the inner cavity of the copper pipe is a three-dimensional curved surface, and the machining is difficult. For convenience of machining, a plurality of characteristic points are selected in the transverse direction (circumferential direction) of a solidified casting blank, as shown in fig. 1, data processing regression is performed to obtain a change curve of the taper of the crystallizer in the vertical direction, and the change of the taper between different characteristic points is gradually and naturally transited during machining, so that smooth machining and manufacturing can be realized on the premise of ensuring that the taper precision of the crystallizer meets requirements. It should be noted that the number of the characteristic points is selected from typical positions on the circumferential surface of the solidified ingot, and the number of the characteristic points may be increased appropriately according to the sectional size of the billet, and is not limited to the number of the characteristic points shown in fig. 1.
5) In the actual continuous casting process, almost all the steel grades are produced. In order to achieve the ultra-high speed of the continuous casting of multiple steel types of square billets and ensure the smooth running of the continuous casting, according to the difference of solidification shrinkage characteristics of two types of peritectic steel and non-peritectic steel, the taper change curves of the ultra-high speed square billet continuous casting crystallizers of the two types of steel types are obtained by adopting simulation calculation and data processing methods of contents 1) to 4), and the crystallizers with the two tapers are used in production.
Claims (6)
1. A method for determining the taper of an inner cavity of a square billet continuous casting crystallizer at an ultrahigh pulling speed is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: establishing a flowing, heat transferring and high-temperature stress strain mathematical model integrating a molten steel solidified shell, a protective slag film and a copper pipe water cooling structure in the ultra-high-speed lower billet continuous casting crystallizer without considering an air gap, and performing simulation calculation to obtain the solidification shrinkage of the casting blank solidified shell and the high-temperature deformation rule of the copper pipe in the height direction of the crystallizer and the transverse direction of the casting blank;
step 2: and (3) adding the solidification shrinkage of the casting blank solidified shell obtained in the step (1) and the high-temperature deformation of the copper pipe, so as to obtain the three-dimensional change rule of the copper pipe taper of the square blank ultrahigh-pulling-speed crystallizer region in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction.
And step 3: the structure of the inner cavity of the copper pipe of the ultra-high-speed square billet continuous casting crystallizer obtained in the step 2 is a three-dimensional curved surface, and the machining has difficulty. In order to ensure that the taper precision of the crystallizer can be processed and manufactured smoothly on the premise of meeting the requirement, a plurality of characteristic points are selected in the transverse direction (circumferential direction) of a solidified casting blank, a change curve of the taper of the crystallizer in the vertical direction is obtained through data processing regression, and the change of the taper between different characteristic points is gradually and naturally transited during processing; and 4, step 4: aiming at the difference of solidification shrinkage characteristics of peritectic steel and non-peritectic steel, the simulation calculation and data processing method of the steps 1-3 is adopted for ultra-high speed square billet continuous casting, the taper change curves of the crystallizer copper pipes of the two steel types are designed, and the crystallizers with the two tapers are used in production.
2. The method for determining the taper of the inner cavity of the ultra-high pulling speed billet continuous casting crystallizer according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional dimension of the billet in the steps 1-4 is less than or equal to 200mm x 200mm, and the pulling speed is 6.0m/min and above.
3. The method for determining the taper of the inner cavity of the ultra-high pulling speed square billet continuous casting mold according to claim 1, wherein the taper design of the ultra-high speed square billet continuous casting mold in the step 2 is obtained based on ideal working conditions (the most common pulling speed, the target superheat degree and the like), and the calculation data of the taper deviating from the ideal working conditions is referred to.
4. The method for determining the taper of the inner cavity of the ultra-high pulling speed square billet continuous casting mold according to claim 1, wherein the taper of the ultra-high speed square billet continuous casting mold in the step 2 is adapted to the length (total length is 1000-1500 mm, effective length is 900-1400 mm) and corner fillet radius (mold inner cavity structure, R is 6-30mm) of the employed ultra-high speed square billet continuous casting mold.
5. The method for determining the taper of the inner cavity of the ultra-high pulling speed square billet continuous casting mold according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, a proper amount of characteristic points are selected in the transverse direction (circumferential direction) of the solidified casting blank to ensure smooth processing and manufacturing on the premise that the taper precision of the mold meets the requirement, the number of the characteristic points can be increased or decreased properly according to the change of the section size of the small square billet, and about 6 to 9 characteristic points are recommended to be selected.
6. The method for determining the taper of the inner cavity of the ultra-high pulling speed square billet continuous casting crystallizer according to claim 1, wherein the solidification shrinkage characteristics (volume change caused by solidification cooling and solid phase change) and the heat transfer characteristics (high-temperature physical performance parameters such as heat conductivity coefficient, heat capacity and the like) of the peritectic steel and the non-peritectic steel in the step 4 are different. In order to achieve the super-high speed of continuous casting of multiple steel types of square billets and ensure the smooth running of continuous casting, the taper change curve of the super-high speed square billet continuous casting crystallizer for designing two types of steel types is provided, and the crystallizer with two tapers is used in production.
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| CN115870461A (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-03-31 | 北京科技大学 | Continuous casting crystallizer for quick change of high and low carbon steel, design method thereof and quick change continuous casting method of high and low carbon steel |
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| CN115870461A (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-03-31 | 北京科技大学 | Continuous casting crystallizer for quick change of high and low carbon steel, design method thereof and quick change continuous casting method of high and low carbon steel |
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