CN114626146A - Simulation method for combined power system - Google Patents

Simulation method for combined power system Download PDF

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CN114626146A
CN114626146A CN202210331010.8A CN202210331010A CN114626146A CN 114626146 A CN114626146 A CN 114626146A CN 202210331010 A CN202210331010 A CN 202210331010A CN 114626146 A CN114626146 A CN 114626146A
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turbine
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CN114626146B (en
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刘君
张锦昇
袁化成
匡正
杨德壮
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

The invention discloses a simulation method for a combined power system, which comprises the following steps: acquiring air flow parameters entering a turbine channel and a stamping channel; respectively converting the gas flow parameters of the turbine channel and the stamping channel into first one-dimensional data and second one-dimensional data at an interface through area averaging or mass averaging; and inputting the first one-dimensional data and the second one-dimensional data into the corresponding turbine engine and the corresponding ramjet engine, so that the internal and external rheological dimension integrated numerical simulation of the combined power system is performed, the bidirectional coupling simulation of the state change of the combined engine on the flow of an upstream air inlet system and a downstream spray pipe can be realized, and the internal and external flow integrated aerodynamic performance numerical simulation of the aircraft and the combined power engine thereof is realized.

Description

Simulation method for combined power system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aircrafts, in particular to an internal and external flow integrated simulation method for a combined power system.
Background
The hypersonic aircraft adopts a combined power system to accelerate the aircraft from ground takeoff to hypersonic speed, the adopted propulsion systems are a turbine engine and a ramjet engine, wherein the turbine engine is responsible for accelerating the aircraft from a ground static state to about Ma 2.5, the turbine engine exits from circulation, and meanwhile, the ramjet engine starts to ignite to work and continuously accelerates the aircraft to hypersonic speed. In order to realize the coupling simulation of the integration of the inner flow and the outer flow of the hypersonic aircraft, not only the simulation of an air inlet and exhaust system needs to be completed, but also the combined simulation of the air inlet and exhaust system and a turbine/ramjet combined engine needs to be carried out, and if a turbine/ramjet flow passage is completely calculated, the grid quantity required by numerical simulation cannot be accepted, and the pre-research progress is seriously slowed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a simulation method for a combined power system, which has small calculation amount and high simulation speed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the technical scheme that: a simulation method for a combined power system, comprising:
step one, acquiring air flow parameters entering a turbine channel and a stamping channel;
secondly, converting the air flow parameters of the turbine channel and the stamping channel into first one-dimensional data and second one-dimensional data through area averaging or mass averaging at an interface respectively;
inputting the first one-dimensional data into a turbine engine, and determining the inlet parameters of a turbine channel spray pipe by the turbine engine by adopting a component characteristic model;
fourthly, the turbine channel spray pipe performs flow field characteristic calculation by utilizing the inlet parameters of the turbine channel spray pipe, so that the flow characteristic of the turbine channel spray pipe is obtained;
inputting the second one-dimensional parameters into a ramjet engine, and determining inlet parameters of a spray pipe of a stamping channel by the ramjet engine through a quasi one-dimensional mathematical model;
and sixthly, calculating the flow field characteristic of the stamping channel spray pipe according to the inlet parameter of the stamping channel spray pipe, and obtaining the flow characteristic of the stamping channel spray pipe.
As a preferred technical solution, the second step further comprises:
multiplying the airflow parameter in each grid unit by the area or flow of the grid unit, then summing the parameters of the whole interface, and finally dividing by the area or flow of the interface, thereby obtaining the parameter of area average or quality average;
as a preferred technical solution, the third step further includes:
determining an initial value of a preset parameter of the turbine engine from the first one-dimensional data;
performing iterative updating according to a common working condition equation and by adopting a Newton-Raphson method for the initial values of the preset parameters, and when the error is less than 10-4And when so, stopping iteration.
As a preferred technical scheme, the preset parameters include a compressor rotation speed, a compressor auxiliary coordinate and a turbine pressure drop ratio.
As a preferred technical solution, the step four further includes:
assigning a nozzle inlet parameter to an interface between the turbine engine and the turbine path nozzle;
and the turbine channel spray pipe performs flow field characteristic calculation according to the calculation result of the turbine engine so as to obtain the flow characteristic of the turbine channel spray pipe.
As a preferred technical solution, the fifth step further includes:
a double-module stamping combustion chamber of the stamping engine adopts a quasi-one-dimensional mathematical model for analysis;
calculating to obtain stroke parameters of the ramjet by solving a conservation quasi-one-dimensional control equation;
Figure 511199DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein
Figure 140763DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
In order to solve the vector, the vector is calculated,
Figure 563654DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
in the form of a flux vector, the flux vector,
Figure 13090DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
the following are defined for the source terms:
Figure 764315DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
wherein,
Figure 717228DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
adding terms for mass;
Figure 576599DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
is the wall friction coefficient; equivalent diameter
Figure 513331DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Figure 749141DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
In order to wet the circumference of the fabric,
Figure 25401DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
in order to release heat for the chemical reaction,
Figure 55674DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
the density is expressed as a function of time,
Figure 214123DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
the speed is indicated in the form of a speed,
Figure 990974DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
internal energy is shown, and A is the area.
As a preferred technical solution, the quasi-one-dimensional control equation is solved by using a MacCormack finite difference method.
As an optimized technical scheme, the pre-estimation step adopts forward difference to calculate the spatial derivative, the correction step adopts backward difference to calculate the spatial derivative, and the finally obtained numerical result achieves second-order precision in time and space.
As a preferred technical solution, the sixth step further includes:
assigning a nozzle inlet parameter to an interface between the ramjet and the ramjet channel;
and calculating the flow field characteristic of the stamping channel spray pipe according to the calculation result of the stamping engine so as to obtain the flow characteristic of the spray pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is used for carrying out the numerical simulation of the hypersonic flight vehicle and the internal and external flows of the propulsion system, so that the internal and external flow characteristics of the hypersonic flight vehicle can be obtained with certain numerical simulation precision, the pre-research period can be shortened, and the updating iteration of the design scheme is accelerated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a hypersonic aircraft and its combined power propulsion system model provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a compressor map provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a turbine map provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-aircraft body, 2-turbine channel, 3-inlet and turbine engine interface, 4-turbine engine, 5-turbine engine and nozzle interface, 6-turbine channel nozzle, 7-ramjet channel nozzle, 8-ramjet combustion chamber and ramjet channel nozzle interface, 9-bimodal ramjet combustion chamber, 10-inlet and ramjet engine interface, 11-ramjet channel, 12-precursor shock.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a simulation method for a combined power system, including the steps of:
step one, acquiring air flow parameters entering a turbine channel 2 and a stamping channel 11;
specifically, after being compressed by the precursor shock wave 12, the gas flow enters the turbine channel 2 and the ram channel 11 of the inlet channel, respectively, and the gas flow parameters at these two locations are obtained, in this embodiment, the gas flow parameters include: flow rate, static pressure, mach number, etc.;
secondly, converting the gas flow parameters of the turbine channel 2 and the stamping channel 11 into first one-dimensional data and second one-dimensional data at an interface through area averaging or mass averaging respectively;
specifically, the air flow parameters entering the turbine passage 2 are averaged by area or mass at the interface 3 of the inlet and the turbine engine; the air flow parameters entering the ramjet channel 11 are averaged by area or mass at the inlet to ramjet interface 10;
inputting the first one-dimensional data into the turbine engine 4, and determining inlet parameters of a turbine channel spray pipe 6 by the turbine engine 4 by adopting a component characteristic model;
specifically, after the first one-dimensional data is input to the turbine engine 4, the turbine engine 4 performs calculations using a component characteristics model, wherein compressor and turbine characteristics are shown in fig. 2 and 3, respectively.
In this embodiment, the turbine engine model includes an air intake duct, an air compressor, a main combustion chamber, a turbine, an afterburner, and a nozzle, and the input parameters include a flight height, a mach number, and a throttle lever angle. In order to smoothly perform the thermodynamic cycle calculation, in the present embodiment, the turbine engine 4 selects initial values of three parameters in total, which are the compressor rotation speed, the compressor auxiliary coordinate, and the turbine pressure drop ratio. According to the concept of engine component common operation, the single-shaft turbojet engine must satisfy the following three common operating conditions:
(1) the flow of the outlet of the compressor and the flow of the inlet of the turbine are continuous;
(2) the compressor and the turbine work are balanced;
(3) flow of the spray pipe is balanced;
iteratively updating the initial values of the three parameters by adopting a Newton-Raphson method according to a common working condition equation, and when the error is less than 10-4And stopping iteration, acquiring a nozzle inlet parameter after convergence, and assigning the parameter to an inlet boundary condition in numerical simulation.
Fourthly, the turbine channel spray pipe performs flow field characteristic calculation by utilizing the inlet parameters of the turbine channel spray pipe, so that the flow characteristic of the turbine channel spray pipe is obtained;
specifically, after the calculation of the turbine engine 4 is completed, the nozzle inlet parameter is assigned to the turbine engine and nozzle interface 5, the turbine channel nozzle 6 performs flow field characteristic calculation according to the calculation result of the turbine engine 4, and the flow characteristic of the turbine channel nozzle 6 is obtained.
Inputting the second one-dimensional parameters into a ramjet engine, and determining inlet parameters of a spray pipe of a stamping channel by the ramjet engine through a quasi one-dimensional mathematical model;
specifically, the other air flow compressed by the aircraft body 1 enters a stamping channel 11, is further compressed by a shock wave string, enters a double-module stamping combustion chamber 9 through an air inlet channel and a stamping engine interface 10, the double-module stamping combustion chamber 9 is analyzed by adopting a quasi one-dimensional mathematical model, and stroke parameters of the stamping engine are obtained by solving a conservation type quasi one-dimensional control equation (1). The source items of the control equation consider factors such as mass addition, area change, wall friction, chemical reaction heat release and the like, and the control equation is as follows:
Figure 184058DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
(1)
wherein
Figure 385232DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
In order to solve the vector, the vector is calculated,
Figure 358873DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
in the form of a flux vector, the flux vector,
Figure 670906DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
the definition for the source term is as follows:
Figure 718496DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
wherein,
Figure 356151DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
adding terms for mass;
Figure 492122DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
is the wall friction coefficient; equivalent diameter
Figure 811107DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Figure 713204DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
In order to wet the circumference of the fabric,
Figure 256181DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
in order to release heat for the chemical reaction,
Figure 610939DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
the density is expressed as a function of time,
Figure 795933DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
the speed is indicated in the form of a speed,
Figure 552536DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
the internal energy and the area are shown as A.
In this embodiment, the maccormac finite difference method, which is a time-marching estimation-correction algorithm, is used to solve the control equation. The spatial derivative is calculated by adopting forward difference in the pre-estimation step, the spatial derivative is calculated by adopting backward difference in the correction step, and the finally obtained numerical result reaches second-order precision in time and space.
And sixthly, calculating the flow field characteristic of the stamping channel spray pipe according to the inlet parameter of the stamping channel spray pipe, and obtaining the flow characteristic of the stamping channel spray pipe.
Specifically, after the calculation of the dual-mode ramjet combustor 9 is completed, the parameters of the inlet of the nozzle are assigned to the interface 8 of the ramjet combustor and the ramjet channel, and the ramjet channel 7 performs flow field characteristic calculation according to the calculation result of the ramjet engine, so as to obtain the flow characteristics of the ramjet channel 7.
The simulation method is used for carrying out the numerical simulation of the hypersonic flight vehicle and the propulsion system integrating the internal flow and the external flow, can ensure certain numerical simulation precision to obtain the internal flow and the external flow characteristics of the hypersonic flight vehicle, can shorten the pre-research period, and can accelerate the updating iteration of the design scheme.
In addition, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium may store a program, and the program comprises part or all of the steps of any one of the simulation methods for a combined power system described in the above method embodiments when executed.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware, or may also be implemented in the form of a software functional unit.
The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable memory. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a memory and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, or the like) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned memory comprises: a U-disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a removable hard disk, a magnetic or optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments may be implemented by associated hardware instructed by a program, which may be stored in a computer-readable memory, which may include: flash Memory disks, Read-Only memories (ROMs), Random Access Memories (RAMs), magnetic or optical disks, and the like.
An exemplary flow chart of a simulation method for a combined power system according to an embodiment of the present invention is described above with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the numerous details included in the above description are merely exemplary of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. In other embodiments of the invention, the method may have more, fewer, or different steps, and the order, inclusion, function, etc. of the steps may be different from that described and illustrated.

Claims (10)

1. A simulation method for a combined power system, comprising:
step one, acquiring air flow parameters entering a turbine channel and a stamping channel;
secondly, converting the gas flow parameters of the turbine channel and the stamping channel into first one-dimensional data and second one-dimensional data at an interface through area averaging or mass averaging respectively;
inputting the first one-dimensional data into a turbine engine, and determining the inlet parameters of a turbine channel spray pipe by the turbine engine by adopting a component characteristic model;
fourthly, the turbine channel spray pipe performs flow field characteristic calculation by utilizing the inlet parameters of the turbine channel spray pipe, so that the flow characteristic of the turbine channel spray pipe is obtained;
inputting the second one-dimensional parameters into a ramjet engine, and determining inlet parameters of a spray pipe of a stamping channel by the ramjet engine through a quasi one-dimensional mathematical model;
and sixthly, calculating the flow field characteristic of the stamping channel spray pipe according to the inlet parameter of the stamping channel spray pipe, and obtaining the flow characteristic of the stamping channel spray pipe.
2. The simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the second step further comprises:
and multiplying the airflow parameter in each grid unit by the area or flow of the grid unit, then summing the parameters of the whole interface, and finally dividing by the area or flow of the interface to obtain the area average or quality average parameter.
3. The simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the step three further comprises:
determining an initial value of a preset parameter of the turbine engine from the first one-dimensional data;
performing iterative updating according to a common working condition equation and by adopting a Newton-Raphson method for the initial values of the preset parameters, and when the error is less than 10-4And when so, stopping iteration.
4. The simulation method according to claim 3, wherein: the preset parameters comprise the rotating speed of the gas compressor, the auxiliary coordinate of the gas compressor and the pressure drop ratio of the turbine.
5. The simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the fourth step further comprises:
assigning a nozzle inlet parameter to an interface between the turbine engine and the turbine path nozzle;
and the turbine channel spray pipe performs flow field characteristic calculation according to the calculation result of the turbine engine so as to obtain the flow characteristic of the turbine channel spray pipe.
6. The simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the step five further comprises:
a double-module stamping combustion chamber of the stamping engine adopts a quasi-one-dimensional mathematical model for analysis;
calculating to obtain stroke parameters of the ramjet by solving a conservation quasi-one-dimensional control equation;
Figure 552369DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein
Figure 38233DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
In order to solve the vector, the vector is calculated,
Figure 573119DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
in the form of a flux vector, the flux vector,
Figure 748886DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
the definition for the source term is as follows:
Figure 736433DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
wherein,
Figure 258944DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
adding terms for mass;
Figure 382757DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
is the wall friction coefficient; equivalent diameter
Figure 729425DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Figure 204269DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
In order to wet the circumference of the fabric,
Figure 297514DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
in order to release heat for the chemical reaction,
Figure 541414DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
the density is expressed as a function of time,
Figure 793404DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
the speed is indicated in the form of a speed,
Figure 21123DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
internal energy is shown, and A is the area.
7. The simulation method according to claim 6, wherein: and solving the quasi-one-dimensional control equation by adopting a MacCormack finite difference method.
8. The simulation method according to claim 7, wherein: the pre-estimation step adopts forward difference to calculate the spatial derivative, the correction step adopts backward difference to calculate the spatial derivative, and the finally obtained numerical result reaches second-order precision in time and space.
9. The simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the sixth step further comprises:
assigning a nozzle inlet parameter to an interface between the ramjet and the ramjet channel;
and calculating the flow field characteristic of the stamping channel spray pipe according to the calculation result of the stamping engine so as to obtain the flow characteristic of the spray pipe.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of a simulation method for a combined power system according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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