CN114624775A - Comprehensive quantitative restoration method for ancient water depth of sedimentary lake basin - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas field geological exploration, in particular to a comprehensive quantitative recovery method for the ancient water depth of a sedimentary lake basin. The method accurately identifies the change of the compatible space between the shore and the delta forward product by adopting a shore line track method, and can more accurately recover the ancient water depth of the basin by combining de-compaction correction and ancient landform stripping recovery. Quantitative and semi-quantitative data fitting is carried out through a strand trace method and a trace element method, and a unified water depth recovery formula is established, so that the ancient water depth recovery is carried out on the continental facies sedimentary basin delta area and the non-delta area of the deepwater area, and the accuracy of the ancient water depth judgment is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas field geological exploration, in particular to a comprehensive quantitative recovery method for the ancient water depth of a sedimentary lake basin.
Background
Ancient water depth recovery is an important research work in oil and gas geological exploration, and has important guiding significance for researching basin sedimentary evolution process, high-quality reservoir formation types and distribution rules. The conventional ancient water depth recovery method mainly comprises a qualitative method and a quantitative method, wherein qualitative or semi-quantitative sediment characteristics and geochemical parameters are taken as main methods in the early stage, and representative methods comprise a sediment color method, a bedding type method, a geochemical element method and the like.
In recent years, geological prospecting personnel gradually realize the importance of quantitatively recovering the ancient water depth, and some scholars propose several methods for quantitatively recovering the ancient water depth, such as the ancient water depth recovery by a strand trace method of a delta-lake sediment system in recent years.
The method overcomes the defects of indirect ancient water depth determination in the traditional 'marker-water depth' mode and the traditional sequence stratigraphy method. However, the line-based method is narrow in applicability, is only suitable for sedimentary basins with three-dimensional seismic acquisition, and has an ancient sedimentary structure of 'S' -shaped delta sediment, which is beneficial to determining the water depth of the line-based lake basin, and other flat stable sedimentary areas are difficult to calculate the ancient water depth by using the line-based method, for example, the ancient water depth recovered by the line-based method in the former delta-deep lake area is often shallow, or the former delta-semi-deep lake sedimentary area is locally lifted by the rise of an ancient structure, so that the calculated smaller ancient tolerable space can cause the illusion that the water depth is shallow, and the water depth of the areas is often deep according to the actual geological rules. Therefore, the correction of the zone compaction, the difference of the sediment thickness and the movement of the zone structure all cause the uncertainty of the sediment bottom shape, which all affect the recovery result of the ancient water depth, so the method for quantitatively recovering the ancient water depth has many problems.
In addition, the research of related researchers considers that the ancient ecology is also one of the methods for recovering the ancient water depth, for example, the relation between the mesomorphic dominance diversity degree in the ancient ecology and the water depth of the ancient lake is utilized to carry out correlation fitting, and the ancient water depth can be accurately determined by utilizing the mesomorphic dominance diversity degree value which is quantitatively calculated. The basic understanding of this method is that there are sometimes many species of Mesodia in the formation, and sometimes many species are monotonous, which is the difference in the degree of differentiation. Mesogens mainly flourish near the wave base and have a maximum degree of differentiation, with the degree of differentiation gradually decreasing from the two sides towards the lake or shoreside (Zhongkou, Landai, 1979; Zhongkou, Nanjing institute of geography and lake, 1990).
The problem of recovering the ancient water depth by using the ancient organisms is that the differentiation degree of the Mesodia is reduced towards the bank and towards the lake, so that the same differentiation degree corresponds to 2 different water depths, and although the water depth can be indirectly judged by using the colors of stratum rocks, contained objects and other micro-organisms, the water depth is uncertain; and if the data support is not enough, the water depth of the sedimentary basin is difficult to recover.
The other method for recovering the ancient water depth is a semi-quantitative characterization method for reflecting the water depth by utilizing the Fe/Co ratio of some sensitive trace elements in sediments, which reflect the water depth change. Besides the ancient landform sedimentology, the ancient ecology, the organic carbon-stratum thickness and the like which are mentioned above, the research of the ancient water depth can be quantitatively recovered, and the method is a new microelement substitute index which is sensitive to the ancient water depth change. The research results of related documents show that Fe/Co belongs to VIII group elements, and the physical and chemical properties of the Fe/Co elements are similar. It is because of their similarity and slight differences that subtle changes in their content in the deposit and deposition medium can be of sensitive indication. Fe and Co are always closely symbiotic in a divalent state in endogenous mineral deposits, but are separated according to different water medium conditions in weathering degradation and migration and precipitation processes.
Fe. Co precipitates or migrates under the conditions of surface growth according to different pH values and Eh values, respectively, and the relative amounts of each element precipitated are different in the case of specific pH values and Eh values. Under the near-shore condition of the lake, the water body is rich in free oxygen, Fe and Co precipitate at the same time, and the proportion of Fe precipitate is more than that of Co; as the water body is gradually deepened, the free oxygen is gradually reduced, the Eh value in the water body is also gradually reduced, and Co is an element which is more difficult to precipitate under the condition that organic matters are gradually increased and the reducibility is gradually enhanced, so that the content of Co is gradually increased, and the content of Fe is reduced or tends to be reduced to a lower level. Therefore, the water depth change rule during the formation of the sediment can be deduced according to the relative content of Fe and Co. If the lake water follows the change rule that the free oxygen is reduced and the reducibility is gradually enhanced along with the increase of the depth, the distance index becomes the index of the relative depth of the ancient lake water, namely: the Fe/Co value is increased, the oxidation of the ancient water body is enhanced, and the ancient water body becomes shallow; the Fe/Co value is reduced, and the reducibility of the ancient water body is enhanced and deepened.
Based on the above analysis, the three quantitative determination methods all have limitations, and there is still a need for a method for quantitatively recovering the ancient water depth with higher accuracy and wider applicability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a comprehensive and quantitative restoration method for the ancient water depth of a sedimentary lake basin.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a comprehensive and quantitative restoration method for ancient water depth of a sedimentary lake basin, which comprises the following steps:
(1) according to seismic drilling data, establishing a sequence stratigraphic framework deposited by delta in different periods;
(2) selecting a delta section to carry out back stripping recovery, and dividing an under-compensation deposition area, a compensation deposition area and an over-compensation deposition area on the section;
(3) determining two key points for calculating the depth of the ancient water, namely two slope break points between the plain, the front edge and the front delta of the delta, on the section in the step (2) by using the characteristics of the rock facies of the well hole and the characteristics of the seismic reflection wedge-shaped body;
(4) solving the original sedimentary bottom shape of each four-level sequence delta by adopting a forward method, selecting a delta plain as a reference surface, and compacting and correcting by utilizing seismic tracking and an overlying stratum; calculating the ancient water depth of a certain point in the previous layer according to the position of the strand track and the original sediment bottom shape;
(5) carrying out mudstone sampling and trace element testing on the points of the ancient water depths at different positions obtained by calculation in the step (4), and calculating the Fe/Co ratio by using the test result so as to obtain semi-quantitative Fe/Co ratio data representing the ancient water depths;
(6) performing mathematical relation fitting on the ancient water depth data obtained by the step (4) and the semi-quantitative data of the Fe/Co ratio obtained by the step (5) to obtain a mathematical formula for converting the ratio of the trace elements into the ancient water depth;
(7) the plane quantitative recovery of the water depth of the ancient lake basin in the research area is completed by combining the calculation result of the Fe/Co ratio of the multiple wells with the water depth recovery result of the strand track method.
Furthermore, in the step (1), starting from seismic interpretation and well drilling calibration of the geologic structure of the delta of the continental basin, combining well drilling layering and seismic layering into a whole by synthetic record calibration, completing high-precision sequence stratigraphic division and comparison of delta deposition by establishing and closing a skeleton comparison section, establishing a unified sequence stratigraphic division scheme, establishing sequence stratigraphic grids deposited by the delta at different periods, and simultaneously performing three-dimensional seismic interpretation on the equal-time grids.
Further, in step (2), the delta plain source is sufficient and is determined as a compensation deposition area, and the advancing area of the delta front to the swamping zone of the lake basin has a larger allowable space, which is an under-compensation deposition area.
Further, in the step (3), one key point is a lakeshore slope break point of the boundary between the delta plain and the delta front edge.
Further, another key point is the wedge point vanishing point from the delta front edge to the flat bottom of the basin bottom.
Further, in step (4), seismic tracking and overburden de-compaction correction are used, and the depth of water at a certain point in the previous stratum is obtained by subtracting the depth of the corresponding point from the depth of the corresponding point in the delta plateau of the contemporaneous sedimentary interface.
Further, in the step (6), Fe/Co quantitative restoration of the ancient water depth of the whole basin is carried out, and by utilizing the established fitting formula, calculation of the ratio of the trace elements Fe/Co is carried out in lake basin areas of other non-delta geological structures, so that time-space evolution data of the ancient water depth is obtained.
Further, in the step (7), the ancient water depths of a plurality of points in the vertical direction of a certain drill hole are obtained through the ancient water depth calculation combining the strand trace method of a large number of wells in the research area and the Fe/Co element method, and meanwhile, a plane distribution diagram of the ancient water depths in a certain period can be drawn on a plane by using the average value of a large number of data points, so that the quantitative recovery of the ancient water depth plane in the research area is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical advantages:
the method integrates the line-marking track method and the trace element (Fe/Co) method in the mudstone, and can overcome the requirement of special ancient terrain applicability of the quantitative line-marking track method on one hand; on the other hand, the quantification of the semi-quantitative method of the trace elements can be realized, the general rule of the negative correlation between the ratio Fe/Co of the trace elements of the modern lake sediments and the water depth is applied to the coastal track legal water depth method, the accuracy of the quantification result is improved, and the effective fusion of the applicability and the universality of the two methods is achieved; in addition, the trace element method for measuring the mudstone sample is simpler, more convenient and more effective than other methods such as ancient biology and the like. The method can be used for performing ancient water depth recovery on the continental facies sedimentary basin delta area and the deep water area non-delta area, realizes quantitative recovery of the ancient water depth of the whole basin, and effectively improves the accuracy of ancient water depth judgment.
The method is not only suitable for the ancient water depth recovery of lake facies deposition, but also has certain reference significance for the ancient water depth recovery of other types of deposition. Therefore, the method can be widely applied to the ancient water depth quantitative calculation method in the exploration and deployment of oil fields, so that the ancient water depth recovery means is further improved, and new research ideas and technical means are provided for the research of the ancient lake sediment evolution process and the prediction of various types of lake-facies high-quality reservoirs.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a comprehensive quantitative recovery method for ancient water depth of sedimentary lakes and basins according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the quantitative calculation of the depth of the original deposition of the ancient water on the delta front according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a scatter diagram of the relationship between Fe/Co element ratio of ancient sedimentary lakes and ancient water depths according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating prediction of restoration of ancient water depth of a lake basin in a key well region of an ancient sedimentary lake basin according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the comprehensive quantitative restoration method for the ancient water depth of the sedimentary lake basin comprises the following steps:
(1) according to seismic drilling data, establishing a sequence stratigraphic framework deposited by delta in different periods;
starting from seismic interpretation and well drilling calibration of a geologic structure of an Delta of a continental basin, combining well drilling layering with seismic layering and unifying the well drilling layering through synthetic record calibration, completing high-precision sequence stratigraphic division and comparison of Delta sedimentation through establishment and closure of a skeleton contrast section, establishing a unified sequence stratigraphic division scheme, establishing sequence stratigraphic grids of Delta sedimentation at different periods, and simultaneously performing three-dimensional seismic interpretation on the isochronous grids.
(2) Selecting a delta section to carry out back stripping recovery, and dividing an under-compensation deposition area, a compensation deposition area and an over-compensation deposition area on the section;
on the basis of the fine sequence stratum interpretation of the fine well-seismic combination of the geologic body of the delta, according to the characteristics of the thickness, the color, the lithofacies combination and the like of sediments, the sedimentary filling characteristics of different facies zones of the delta are determined, and three sedimentary facies zones of under compensation, compensation and over compensation are divided on a section; the delta plain source is sufficient and is determined as a compensation sedimentation area, and the propulsion area of the delta front edge towards the swamping zone of the lake basin has larger volume, and the propulsion area is an under-compensation sedimentation area.
(3) Determining two key points for calculating the ancient water depth on the section in the step (2); the two key points are a lake bank line of a boundary between the delta plain and the front edge of the delta, a slope break point of the front edge of the delta, and a wedge-shaped point vanishing point from the front edge of the delta to the flat bottom of the basin bottom.
(4) And (4) based on the real sedimentation profile recovery on the basis of de-compaction correction, determining the ancient water depths at different positions.
The original sediment bottom shape of each four-level sequence delta is obtained by adopting a forward modeling method, the sediment thickness and the sediment gradient in the delta forward accumulation process are influenced by the ancient landform after the previous delta body is formed, therefore, a relatively flat surface is required to be selected as a reference surface in the research process, the delta plain is a bank area, the depth of the area close to the lake plane is 0 meter, seismic tracking and overburden layer de-compaction correction are utilized, the depth of water at a certain point in the forward accumulation layer is obtained by subtracting the burial depth of the area from the burial depth of the delta plain at the same-time sediment interface, and the ancient depth of water at the area is obtained by calculating according to the position of the littoral line track and the original sediment bottom shape.
(5) Carrying out mudstone sampling and trace element testing on the points of the ancient water depths at different positions obtained by calculation in the step (4), and calculating the Fe/Co ratio by using the test result so as to obtain semi-quantitative Fe/Co ratio data representing the ancient water depths;
(6) and (5) performing mathematical relation fitting on the ancient water depth data calculated in the step (4) and the semi-quantitative data of the Fe/Co ratio obtained in the step (5) to obtain a mathematical formula for converting the ratio of the trace elements into the ancient water depth.
And carrying out quantitative recovery of the ancient water depth of the whole basin, and carrying out calculation of the ratio of the trace element Fe to Co in the lake basin region of other non-delta geological structures by using the established fitting formula so as to obtain the time-space evolution data of the ancient water depth.
(7) Quantitative restoration of ancient depth plane
The ancient water depth calculation combining the strongback trajectory method and the Fe/Co element method of a large number of wells in a research area can effectively obtain the ancient water depths of a plurality of points in the vertical direction of a certain drill hole, and meanwhile, a plane distribution diagram of the ancient water depth in a certain period can be drawn on a plane by using the average value of a large number of data points, so that the quantitative recovery of the ancient water depth plane in the research area is completed.
Example 2
Ancient depth recovery was performed on the ancient near series X block deposition of the a pits using the method described in example 1.
The research object is the deposition of the ancient near system X group of the A pit, and the deposition is considered to be the land-based lake basin deposition of a set of delta-lakes through comprehensive analysis of geological data.
Based on the basin delta stratum structure region, fine well seismic calibration and seismic interpretation of a sequence stratum framework are carried out, the relatively flat position of a delta plain is found by dividing the boundary points of the delta plain and the delta front edge and the different sedimentary subphases of the delta front edge and a front delta, simultaneously, the geometrical morphology of the delta S-shaped sedimentary structure of different periods is determined by combining with the sediment difference compaction correction of an overlying stratum, then, a stratum section is rotated based on the identification of the accurate border line track of the delta plain and the delta front edge, the delta plain region is restored to a horizontal state, thus the water depth of a certain point of a wedge-shaped structure of the delta front edge is obtained by subtracting the buried depth of the point and the buried depth of the border line (the boundary point of the delta plain and the front edge) (figure 2), then, trace element analysis is carried out on the rock core of the point, and the Fe/Co ratio is calculated by utilizing the test result, data representing the semi-quantitative Fe/Co ratio of the ancient water depth were thus obtained, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 ancient deposition lake basin single well ancient water depth and Fe/Co ratio test data table
And (3) performing mathematical relation fitting on the ancient water depth data of the edge-line trajectory method and the ratio of the trace elements Fe/Co (figure 3), so that the ancient water depth recovery is performed on the continental facies sedimentary basin delta area and the non-delta area of the deepwater area, and the quantitative recovery of the ancient water depth plane of the research area is completed (figure 4).
The method can be used for performing ancient water depth recovery on the continental facies sedimentary basin delta area and the deep water area non-delta area, realizes quantitative recovery of the ancient water depth of the whole basin, and effectively improves the accuracy of ancient water depth judgment.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A comprehensive quantitative restoration method for ancient water depth of sedimentary lakes and basins is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) according to seismic drilling data, establishing a sequence stratigraphic framework deposited by deltas in different periods;
(2) selecting a delta section to carry out back stripping recovery, and dividing an under-compensation deposition area, a compensation deposition area and an over-compensation deposition area on the section;
(3) determining two key points for calculating the ancient water depth on the section in the step (2);
(4) solving the original sedimentary bottom shape of each four-level sequence delta by adopting a forward method, selecting a delta plain as a reference surface, and performing compaction correction by using seismic tracking and an overlying stratum; calculating the ancient water depth of a certain point in the previous layer according to the position of the strand track and the original sediment bottom shape;
(5) carrying out mudstone sampling and trace element testing on the points of the ancient water depths at different positions obtained by calculation in the step (4), and calculating the Fe/Co ratio by using the test result so as to obtain semi-quantitative Fe/Co ratio data representing the ancient water depths;
(6) performing mathematical relation fitting on the ancient water depth data obtained by the step (4) and the semi-quantitative data of the Fe/Co ratio obtained by the step (5) to obtain a mathematical formula for converting the ratio of the trace elements into the ancient water depth;
(7) the plane quantitative recovery of the water depth of the ancient lake basin in the research area is completed by combining the calculation result of the Fe/Co ratio of the multiple wells with the water depth recovery result of the strand track method.
2. The comprehensive quantitative restoration method for ancient water depth of sedimentary lake basin according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (1), starting from seismic interpretation and well drilling calibration of geologic structures of delta in continental basin, well drilling layering and seismic layering are combined and unified through synthetic record calibration, high-precision sequence stratigraphic division and comparison of delta sedimentation is completed through establishment and closing of skeleton contrast profiles, a unified sequence stratigraphic division scheme is established, sequence stratigraphic grids deposited in delta at different periods are established, and three-dimensional seismic interpretation is carried out on the same time grids.
3. The integrated quantitative restoration method for ancient water depth of sedimentary lake basin according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the delta plain is a compensated sedimentary region, and the advancing region of the delta front edge to the sunken area of the lake basin has a larger volume, which is an under-compensated sedimentary region.
4. The comprehensive quantitative restoration method for ancient water depth of sedimentary lake basin according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), two key points are provided, one is the lake shoreline of the boundary between the delta plain and the delta front edge and the slope break point of the delta front edge, and the other is the wedge-shaped point vanishing point from the delta front edge to the flat bottom of the basin bottom. .
5. The comprehensive quantitative restoration method for ancient water depth of sedimentary lake basin according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), seismic tracking and overburden de-compaction correction are used, and the water depth at a certain point in the previous overburden is obtained by subtracting the burial depth at the point from the burial depth at the plateau of delta at the sedimentary interface at the same time.
6. The comprehensive quantitative restoration method for ancient water depth of sedimentary lake basins according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (6), Fe/Co quantitative restoration of ancient water depth of the whole basin is developed, and by utilizing the established fitting formula, calculation of the ratio of trace elements Fe/Co is developed in lake basin areas of other non-delta geological structures, so that time-space evolution data of ancient water depth is obtained.
7. The comprehensive quantitative recovery method for ancient water depth of sedimentary lake basin according to claim 1, wherein in step (7), the ancient water depths of a plurality of points vertically above a certain borehole are obtained through the ancient water depth calculation combining the coastline trajectory method of a plurality of wells in the research area and the Fe/Co element method, and meanwhile, a plane distribution diagram of the ancient water depths at a certain time can be drawn on a plane by using the average value of a plurality of data points, so that the plane quantitative recovery of the ancient water depths in the research area is completed.
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