CN114623035A - Air supplementing structure of water pump and water turbine - Google Patents
Air supplementing structure of water pump and water turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN114623035A CN114623035A CN202111563561.9A CN202111563561A CN114623035A CN 114623035 A CN114623035 A CN 114623035A CN 202111563561 A CN202111563561 A CN 202111563561A CN 114623035 A CN114623035 A CN 114623035A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 259
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 title description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003934 vacuole Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/002—Injecting air or other fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/04—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator for diminishing cavitation or vibration, e.g. balancing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B3/02—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto with radial flow at high-pressure side and axial flow at low-pressure side of rotors, e.g. Francis turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B3/10—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto characterised by having means for functioning alternatively as pumps or turbines
- F03B3/103—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto characterised by having means for functioning alternatively as pumps or turbines the same wheel acting as turbine wheel and as pump wheel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a water pump turbine air supplement structure, which comprises a main shaft, a mixed flow area, a rotating wheel and a volute, wherein the upper end of the main shaft is connected with a generator, the center of the main shaft is provided with a through hole, the mixed flow area is positioned at the lower end of the main shaft, the rotating wheel is positioned in the mixed flow area and is provided with blades, the volute is positioned at the periphery of the mixed flow area, the inner side of the volute is provided with a water outlet, a guide vane capable of guiding the direction of water flow is arranged in the water outlet, the lower part of the mixed flow area is connected with a tail water pipe, the air supplement structure also comprises a drainage pipe, one end of the drainage pipe is connected with a fluid source, the other end of the drainage pipe is communicated with the through hole at the upper end of the main shaft, the lower end of the main shaft is communicated with the mixed flow area, and when the water flow in the mixed flow area has negative pressure and vortex, the fluid in the drainage pipe can enter the mixed flow area through the through hole of the main shaft to balance the negative pressure and disperse the vortex. The invention can effectively eliminate the problems of negative pressure, cavitation and the like during the operation of the water turbine, ensure the stable operation of the water turbine, and can adjust according to different operation conditions of the water turbine so as to improve the power generation efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fluid machinery and energy engineering equipment, in particular to a water pump turbine air supplementing structure.
Background
With the enhancement of energy conservation and environmental protection awareness of people, wind power generation, solar power generation and hydroelectric power generation which are clean energy sources are being vigorously developed. At present, hydroelectric power generation is a main clean energy source, and the basic principle of hydroelectric power generation is that potential energy stored in a reservoir is utilized to drive a water turbine to rotate, and the water turbine drives a generator to rotate so as to generate power. Because of the unbalance of electricity consumption in each time period in one day, people invent a pumped storage power station in order to fully utilize the electric energy, and in the peak time period of electricity consumption in daytime, the high-pressure water flow of a reservoir and upstream is utilized to enable a water turbine to drive a generator to generate electricity, and the low-pressure water flow after the electricity generation enters a large-scale reservoir; the generator is electrified to reversely become a large-scale motor at the night electricity utilization valley time, at the moment, the motor drives the water turbine to rotate, and the water turbine at the moment becomes the water pump, so that the stored water in the water storage tank is extracted, and the stored water is conveyed to the upstream reservoir so as to generate electricity in the daytime.
It is known that, in the case of a vertical francis turbine, the francis turbine usually includes a vertical rotating shaft, an annular rotating wheel is provided at the lower end of the rotating shaft, an annular volute is provided at the periphery of the rotating wheel, the volute is communicated with the upstream water flow, so that a high-pressure francis region is formed inside the annular volute, that is, the rotating wheel is located in the francis region, the lower part of the rotating wheel is communicated with a low-pressure draft tube, and the draft tube is communicated with a reservoir. When the upstream is waterproof and the water flow in the volute impacts the blades of the rotating wheel so as to drive the rotating wheel to rotate, the rotating shaft can be driven to rotate, and then the generator is driven to generate electricity. After the blade is worked, the water flow with the flow speed becoming slow and the pressure becoming small flows into the water storage tank through the tail water pipe. That is, the mixed flow region is a high pressure region having a certain water pressure, and the draft tube region is a normal pressure region. When high-pressure water flow drives a rotating shaft of the water turbine to rotate at a high speed through the blades, temporary vacancy is formed at the position of the back water surface of the blades of the rotating wheel due to the fact that 'original water flow is removed', and water flow beside the blades of the rotating wheel cannot supplement the temporary vacancy in time, so that local negative pressure or low pressure can be generated to form a negative pressure area, and correspondingly, vortex and vacuole can be formed in the water flow. In particular, when the local pressure in the liquid is reduced, vapor or gas originally dissolved in the liquid or in the liquid-solid interface is precipitated to form voids (cavitation bubbles), and when the voids are continuously "generated", "grown", "broken", and "regenerated", so-called "cavitation" is formed. At this time, after the metal material is subjected to cavitation impact, the surface is deformed and the material is degraded, which is called cavitation erosion. In the cavitation process, cavitation bubbles are rapidly generated, expanded and collapsed to form shock waves or high-speed micro-jet in liquid. After the metal material is impacted, the surface crystal structure is distorted, chemical instability occurs, and adjacent crystal grains have different electric potentials, so that the electrochemical corrosion process is accelerated. The mechanical properties of the material in the denuded zone deteriorate significantly, leading to a drastic increase in the amount of cavitation. Therefore, the vibration of the unit is increased, and cavitation erosion on the surface of the blade can be caused after long-term operation, so that the safe and stable operation of the unit is endangered. In order to effectively solve the cavitation problem, when designing a water turbine, a corresponding anti-cavitation structure is usually provided, specifically, a corresponding air supplement pipeline is provided, so that external air is input into a negative pressure region such as a mixed flow region for air supplement, and the negative pressure of water flow in the negative pressure region and the formation of vortex are eliminated.
However, the existing gas supplementing structure and gas supplementing principle of the water turbine have the following technical defects: firstly, when external air or compressed air is input into a negative pressure region such as a mixed flow region for air supplement, the air or compressed air is a fixed rhythm 'passive air supplement', that is, the air supplement amount can not be scientifically and reasonably adjusted according to the actual needs formed by different operation conditions of the water turbine, and as a result, the air supplement is insufficient, so that the water turbine has potential safety hazards; or excessive air supplement is caused, which not only causes waste and is not beneficial to improving the efficiency and reducing the cost, but also can additionally increase bubbles. Secondly, the position of the back water surface can be changed continuously due to the high-speed running of the runner, so that even if a corresponding pressure sensor is arranged in the hydraulic turbine set, the pressure of the negative pressure area cannot be detected truly, and then the appropriate air supplement amount is determined. That is to say, in the whole mixed flow region, the real negative pressure cavitation area is only a single position, and the prior art is difficult to perform 'air supplement and defoaming' aiming at the real negative pressure cavitation area. In particular, the water flow is a nearly incompressible fluid and the gas is a compressible fluid, so that the compressible gas is used to compensate for the negative pressure zone and the cavitation formed by balancing the incompressible water flow, and the effect of the water flow cannot be equal to the water flow performance under the pressure balance state. That is, the above-mentioned method of supplying gas can only reduce the influence of negative pressure, cavitation erosion, etc., but cannot fundamentally eliminate the problems caused by negative pressure, cavitation erosion, etc. In fact, the supply of gas itself also causes additional bubbles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water pump turbine air supply structure which can effectively eliminate the problems of negative pressure, cavitation and the like when the water pump turbine operates, ensure the stable operation of the water pump turbine and can be adjusted according to different operating conditions of the water pump turbine so as to improve the power generation efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a water pump turbine tonifying qi structure, including the upper end with the generator is connected and the center is equipped with the main shaft of through-hole, be located the mixed flow region of main shaft lower extreme, be located the runner that has the blade in the mixed flow region, be located the regional outlying spiral case of mixed flow, the inboard of spiral case is equipped with the delivery port, be equipped with the stator of guide water flow direction in the delivery port, the lower part in mixed flow region is connected with the draft tube, still include the drainage tube, drainage tube one end is connected with the fluid source, the other end communicates with the through-hole of main shaft upper end, the lower extreme and the mixed flow region of main shaft are linked together, when negative pressure, when the vortex appears in the rivers in the mixed flow region, fluid accessible main shaft's through-hole in drainage tube gets into balanced negative pressure in the mixed flow region, and breaks away the vortex.
The through hole is arranged in the main shaft, so that the main shaft is tubular, the weight of the main shaft can be greatly reduced, the manufacturing cost of the main shaft is reduced, external gas, water flow and other fluids can be conveniently introduced into the mixed flow area at the lower part of the main shaft, the negative pressure in the mixed flow area is balanced, the vortex flow in the mixed flow area is dispersed, the water flow in the mixed flow area becomes gentle as much as possible, and the cavitation erosion on the surface of the rotating wheel is avoided.
Especially, compared with an additional fluid pipeline, the through hole in the rotating shaft can effectively avoid entanglement and interference generated when the main shaft rotates, and the structural arrangement and assembly are greatly facilitated. Of course, a corresponding sealing structure is required to be arranged at the connection position of the drainage tube and the through hole at the upper end of the main shaft.
Specifically, a sealing cover for plugging the through hole can be arranged at the upper end of the main shaft, a sealing through hole is arranged in the center of the sealing cover, a rotatable connecting pipe is vertically arranged in the sealing through hole, the upper end of the connecting pipe is connected with the drainage pipe, an annular groove is formed in the circumferential surface of the connecting pipe in the sealing through hole, and an O-shaped sealing ring is arranged in the annular groove, so that sealing between the connecting pipe and the sealing cover can be realized, and the rotation of the main shaft cannot be hindered.
It can be understood that, for the pump turbine, when the pump turbine operates in the power generation mode, the high-pressure water flow in the volute impacts the upstream surface of the blade, that is, the upstream side of the blade is the upstream surface; when the water pump turbine operates in a water pumping mode, the rotating wheel pumps low-pressure water in the reservoir and conveys the low-pressure water to the upstream reservoir, and the upstream side of the blade still enables high-pressure upstream surface.
Preferably, one end of the drainage tube is communicated with the volute, and when negative pressure and vortex flow occur to water flow in the mixed flow area, high-pressure water flow in the volute enters the mixed flow area through the drainage tube and the through hole of the main shaft to balance the negative pressure and disperse the vortex flow.
It is known that whether the turbine is operating in the generating mode or the pumping mode, the flow of water in the volute is at a high pressure. In this solution, the draft tube introduces a high pressure flow of water in the volute, which creates a large pressure difference with respect to the local negative pressure region of the mixed flow region. The invention uses the siphon principle of water, and can send water into the through hole of the main shaft without the conveying power of a water pump and the like, thereby simplifying the structural arrangement and reducing the energy consumption. When high-pressure water flow enters a local negative pressure region of the mixed flow region, the negative pressure of the mixed flow region can be well balanced, and the vortex of the mixed flow region is dispersed, so that water is supplemented with water.
In particular, water is the least necessary for hydroelectric power stations. The invention skillfully introduces the water flow with high pressure in the volute into the mixed flow area, which not only can greatly reduce the consumption of extra resources and the operation cost of the water turbine, but also can make up the vacancy formed by removing the original water flow in the mixed flow area quickly by the water flow, thereby improving the air supplement effect and enhancing the air supplement efficiency.
Preferably, a plurality of pressurizing impellers which are arranged at intervals along the axial direction are arranged in the through hole of the main shaft, each pressurizing impeller comprises a rotating shaft and pressurizing blades arranged on the rotating shaft, the rotating shafts of the pressurizing blades are coaxially connected, and when the rotating wheel drives the main shaft to rotate at a high speed, the pressurizing impellers rotate at a high speed relative to fluid in the through hole, so that the fluid in the through hole is pressurized.
It will be appreciated that when the runner rotates the main shaft at a high speed, the booster impeller in the through hole of the main shaft will rotate at a high speed in a synchronous manner, thereby boosting the fluid flowing through the through hole. That is, the present invention skillfully utilizes the energy of the rotation of the main shaft to pressurize the fluid, so that the external devices such as a booster pump can be saved, the structure is greatly simplified, and the assembly is convenient.
Preferably, the runner includes crown, lower ring, a plurality of connection are at the blade between crown and lower ring, the blade is evenly distributed in circumference, is equipped with a plurality of radial fluid holes in the crown, the side that the blade is located the direction of rotation front side is the upstream face, the side that is located the direction of rotation rear side is the surface of a back of the body, be equipped with vertical moisturizing pipe near surface of a back of the body department, be equipped with the apopore on the moisturizing pipe, the upper end sealing connection of moisturizing pipe is in the crown to be linked together with the fluid hole, when the runner drives the high-speed rotation of main shaft, the surface of a back of the blade produces negative pressure, vortex, rivers in the main shaft through-hole get into balanced negative pressure of surface of a back of the blade through moisturizing pipe, and break away the vortex.
As is known, the known turbine runner generally comprises a crown, a band, a plurality of blades connected between the crown and the band. The invention arranges a vertical water replenishing pipe close to the back water surface of the blade and arranges a radial fluid hole in the upper crown. Therefore, high-pressure water flow in the main shaft can enter the back surface of the blade through the water replenishing pipe to balance negative pressure and disperse vortex.
Particularly, the water replenishing pipe is arranged at the back surface of the blade, and the upper end of the water replenishing pipe is connected in the upper crown in a sealing mode. That is to say, the position relatively fixed of moisturizing pipe and crown, not only easy to assemble, no matter in addition the runner rotates to that position, the moisturizing pipe can be located the negative pressure zone of blade dorsal surface all the time and carry out corresponding moisturizing balance, has not only helped reducing the consumption of balanced water, is favorable to promoting the balanced effect of rivers again. And no additional pressure sensor is needed to detect the water pressure.
It can be understood that, because the negative pressure region is supplemented by the water flow, even if the actual water supplement amount exceeds the required water supplement amount, the water is discharged in the downstream direction through the tail water pipe below, and the normal operation of the water turbine is not affected.
Preferably, the main shaft comprises a main body section and a connecting section with a reduced lower end, so that a step is formed between the main body section and the connecting section, the center of an upper crown of the rotating wheel is provided with an accommodating hole, the upper crown of the rotating wheel is connected at the step, the connecting section coaxially extends into the accommodating hole and forms a tubular valve cavity, a valve sleeve capable of moving up and down is arranged in the tubular valve cavity, the lower part of the tubular valve cavity is provided with a spring for resisting the valve sleeve, the connecting section is provided with a diversion hole radially penetrating through a through hole of the main shaft at a position corresponding to a fluid hole, the valve sleeve is provided with a radial through hole at a position corresponding to the diversion hole in the circumferential direction, the valve sleeve comprises a conducting position and a stopping position, and when the difference between the water pressure in the mixed flow area and the water pressure in the tail water pipe is larger than or equal to delta P, the valve sleeve is at the stopping position, and the diversion hole is stopped with the corresponding fluid hole; when the difference between the water pressure in the mixed flow area and the water pressure in the tail water pipe is smaller than delta P, the valve sleeve moves upwards to be at a conduction position, and the diversion hole is conducted with the corresponding fluid hole.
The main shaft comprises a main body section and a connecting section with the lower end reduced, so that a step is formed between the main body section and the connecting section, the mounting and the axial positioning of an upper crown of the rotating wheel on the main shaft are facilitated, a tubular valve cavity can be formed between the upper crown and the connecting section, and a valve sleeve and a spring can be arranged in the tubular valve cavity, so that a reversing valve is formed.
It is known that for water turbines with different head heights or operating in different operating conditions, the water pressure in the mixed flow area and the water return pipe can be different. When the water pressure difference between the water pressure in the mixed flow area and the water pressure in the tail water pipe is larger than or equal to the set pressure difference deltaP, the negative pressure state in the mixed flow area of the water turbine is not too serious, correspondingly, the negative pressure area of the water turbine is mainly positioned in the tail water pipe, at the moment, the water pressure in the mixed flow area on the upper portion of the valve sleeve enables the valve sleeve to overcome the elastic force of the spring and move downwards to a stop position, and correspondingly, the through hole in the valve sleeve is staggered with the fluid hole and the shunting hole, so that the water flow in the through hole cannot enter the mixed flow area and only can directly enter the tail water pipe through the through hole of the connecting section to balance water supplement, namely, the effect of water supplement is achieved, and the cost of water supplement can be reduced to the maximum extent. When the water pressure difference between the water pressure in the mixed flow area and the water pressure in the tail water pipe is smaller than the set pressure difference delta P, the negative pressure state in the mixed flow area of the water turbine is serious, so that the mixed flow area of the water turbine becomes an important negative pressure area and water needs to be supplemented, at the moment, the elastic force of the spring is larger than the downward pressure formed by the water pressure difference on the two sides of the valve sleeve on the valve sleeve, the valve sleeve is moved upwards to a stop position, correspondingly, the through hole on the valve sleeve is communicated with the fluid hole and the flow splitting hole, therefore, one part of water flow in the through hole enters the mixed flow area, the other part of water flow directly enters the tail water pipe through the through hole of the connecting section, and then water supplementing balance is carried out on the two areas respectively.
It should be noted that, a plurality of radial grooves extending to the tubular valve cavity may be provided at the step, or certainly, a transition hole may be provided at the upper crown near the step, the upper end of the transition hole is communicated with the radial groove, and the lower end of the transition hole is communicated with the corresponding fluid hole, so that the upper portion of the valve sleeve in the tubular valve cavity induces the high water pressure in the mixed flow region.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the problems of negative pressure, cavitation and the like of the water turbine during operation can be effectively eliminated, the stable operation of the water turbine is ensured, and meanwhile, the water turbine can be adjusted according to different operation conditions of the water turbine so as to improve the power generation efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a structure of a booster impeller.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a connection structure of the runner and the water replenishing pipe when the valve sleeve is at the stop position.
In the figure: 1. the water supply device comprises a main shaft 11, a through hole 12, a sealing cover 13, a connecting pipe 14, a main body section 15, a connecting section 151, a flow distribution hole 16, a step 2, a rotating wheel 21, blades 22, an upper crown 221, a fluid hole 222, a containing hole 223, a balance hole 23, a lower ring 24, a water supply pipe 241, a water outlet 25, a tubular valve cavity 26, a valve sleeve 261, a through hole 27, a spring 3, a volute 31, a water outlet 4, a guide vane 5, a tail water pipe 6, a drainage pipe 7, a pressurizing blade 72 of a pressurizing impeller 71 and a rotating shaft.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the air supplement structure of the pump turbine comprises a vertical main shaft 1, a through hole 11 is arranged in the center of the main shaft, so that the main shaft is tubular, the upper end of the main shaft is connected with a generator (not shown in the figure), the lower end of the main shaft is connected with a rotating wheel 2 with blades 21, the periphery of the rotating wheel is provided with a volute 3, the inner side of the volute is provided with a water outlet 31, a guide vane 4 capable of guiding the direction of water flow is arranged in the water outlet, a tail water pipe 5 for guiding the water flow after acting on the rotating wheel is arranged below the rotating wheel, the tail water pipe is connected with a reservoir (not shown in the figure) through a pipeline, the area where the rotating wheel is located is a high-pressure mixed flow area, the water flow in the tail water pipe at the lower part of the rotating wheel is a low-pressure area, the side surface of the blade, which is positioned on the front side in the rotating direction and on the side with higher water flow pressure, is a water-facing surface, and the side surface, which is positioned on the rear side in the rotating direction and on the side with lower water flow pressure, is a water-backing surface.
At the peak time of electricity utilization in daytime, when the rivers of upper reaches reservoir got into in the spiral case and impacted the upstream face of runner and made the high-speed rotation of runner, can drive the main shaft and rotate, drive the generator electricity generation then, the low pressure rivers after doing work to the runner then flow to the cistern retaining of low reaches through the tailrace canal, and the water pump turbine work at this moment is in the electricity generation mode.
At the time of the power consumption valley at night, the generator is powered on to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, the generator at the time is changed into the motor, the rotating shaft drives the rotating wheel to rotate, so that the stored water in the downstream reservoir is pumped out, the pumped water flow is conveyed to the upstream reservoir through the volute and a pipeline connected with the volute and is ready for later water discharge and power generation, and the water pump and water turbine works in a water pumping mode at the time.
Since the basic structure and the operation principle of the pump turbine belong to the prior art, the detailed description is not provided in this embodiment. Of course, the water turbine in the present embodiment is preferably referred to as a vertical francis turbine
As described in the background art, when the runner rotates at a high speed, the water pressure on the upstream side of the blades thereof rises, and the water pressure on the downstream side thereof decreases, so that a negative pressure region is formed, and corresponding vortex, cavitation, and the like are formed.
Therefore, the invention also comprises a drainage tube 6, one end of the drainage tube is connected with a fluid source (not shown in the figure) such as gas, water flow and the like, and the other end of the drainage tube is communicated with a through hole at the upper end of the main shaft. Because the lower end of the main shaft through hole is communicated with the mixed flow area, when negative pressure, vacuole and vortex flow occur in the mixed flow area and the water flow in the tail water pipe, the fluid in the drainage pipe can enter the mixed flow area through the main shaft through hole to balance the negative pressure and disperse the vortex flow.
Of course, the fluid source in this embodiment may be compressed air supplied by an air pump, upstream water flow, or even outside air or water source. In addition, a corresponding control device can be arranged at the fluid source so as to reasonably supplement air or water according to the operating condition of the water turbine.
The through hole is arranged in the main shaft and is tubular, so that the weight of the main shaft can be greatly reduced, the manufacturing cost of the main shaft is reduced, and meanwhile, external gas, water flow and other fluids can be conveniently introduced into the mixed flow area at the lower part of the main shaft and the tail water pipe to balance negative pressure in the mixed flow area and the tail water pipe and disperse vortex in the mixed flow area and the tail water pipe, so that water flow in the mixed flow area and the tail water pipe is gentle as much as possible, and cavitation erosion on the surfaces of the rotating wheel and the tail water pipe is avoided.
It can be understood that the through hole in the rotating shaft can convey fluid, and can effectively avoid entanglement and interference generated when the main shaft rotates, thereby greatly facilitating structural arrangement and assembly. Of course, a corresponding sealing structure is required to be arranged at the connection position of the drainage tube and the through hole at the upper end of the main shaft.
Specifically, a sealing cover 12 for plugging the through hole can be arranged at the upper end of the main shaft, a sealing through hole is arranged in the center of the sealing cover, a rotatable connecting pipe 13 is vertically arranged in the sealing through hole, the upper end of the connecting pipe is connected with the drainage pipe, an annular groove is formed in the circumferential surface of the connecting pipe in the sealing through hole, and an O-shaped sealing ring is arranged in the annular groove, so that the sealing between the connecting pipe and the sealing cover can be realized, and the rotation of the main shaft cannot be hindered.
Preferably, the end of the draft tube away from the main shaft can be communicated with the volute. Therefore, when negative pressure and vortex flow occur to water flow in the mixed flow area or the tail water pipe, high-pressure water flow in the volute enters the mixed flow area and the tail water pipe through the drainage pipe and the through hole of the main shaft to balance negative pressure and disperse vortex flow, and water replenishing is really realized.
In particular, water is the least necessary for hydroelectric power stations. The invention skillfully introduces the water flow with high pressure in the volute into the mixed flow area, thereby not only greatly reducing the consumption of extra resources and the operation cost of the water turbine, but also quickly making up the cavitation formed after the original water flow in the mixed flow area and the tail water pipe is removed, and keeping the water flow in the mixed flow area and the tail water pipe stable.
As mentioned above, no matter the pump turbine operates in the power generation mode or the water pumping mode, the interior of the volute and the side of the runner blade close to the upstream (volute water flow) are both high-water-pressure upstream faces, so the solution of the present invention is suitable for the anti-cavitation of the power generation mode and the water pumping mode. For convenience of description, the following schemes only describe the operation principle and the technical effect of the pump turbine operating in the power generation mode, but do not describe the operation principle and the technical effect of the pump turbine operating in the pumping mode.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a plurality of booster impellers 7 arranged at intervals along the axial direction may be disposed in the through hole of the main shaft, the booster impellers include a middle rotating shaft 72 and a plurality of booster blades 71 disposed on the rotating shaft, and the rotating shafts of the booster impellers are coaxially and integrally connected. In addition, a flange connected with the upper crown is arranged at the lower end of the main shaft, a fixed disc is arranged between the flange and the upper crown, and the edge of the supercharging blade of at least one supercharging impeller is connected to the fixed disc, so that all the supercharging impellers are fixed in the through hole of the main shaft. Thus, when the rotating wheel drives the main shaft to rotate at a high speed, the supercharging blade rotates along with the main shaft. That is, at this time, the pressurizing blade rotates at a high speed with respect to the fluid in the through hole, thereby forming a downward pressurizing effect to pressurize the fluid in the through hole. The scheme ingeniously utilizes the energy of the rotation of the main shaft to pressurize the fluid, thereby saving equipment such as an external booster pump and the like, greatly simplifying the structure and facilitating the assembly.
It is known that the runner of this type of turbine comprises, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, a crown 22, a lower ring 23, and a plurality of blades 21 connected between the crown and the lower ring, said blades being uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, of course, the crown and the lower ring are fixedly connected to the main shaft, and the blades are separated from the main shaft.
Further, we can arrange several radial fluid holes 221 in the upper crown, which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. And a vertical water replenishing pipe 24 is arranged at the position of the blade close to the back water surface, the lower end of the water replenishing pipe is opened to form a water outlet hole 241, and the upper end of the water replenishing pipe is hermetically connected in the upper crown and is communicated with a fluid hole in the upper crown. When the rotating wheel drives the main shaft to rotate at a high speed, negative pressure and vortex flow are generated on the back surface of the blade, and water flow in the through hole of the main shaft enters the back surface of the blade through the water replenishing pipe to balance the negative pressure and disperse the vortex flow.
The water replenishing pipe is arranged on the back surface of the blade, and the upper end of the water replenishing pipe is connected in the upper crown in a sealing manner. That is to say, the position relatively fixed of moisturizing pipe and crown, not only easy to assemble, no matter in addition the runner rotates to that position, the moisturizing pipe can be located the negative pressure zone of blade dorsal surface all the time and carry out corresponding moisturizing balance, has not only helped reducing the consumption of balanced water, is favorable to promoting the balanced effect of rivers again. And no additional pressure sensor is needed to detect the water pressure.
It will be appreciated that when the negative pressure region is replenished with water at a rate exceeding the required replenishment rate, no negative effect is exerted on the operation of the turbine and all of the water flow is discharged in the downstream direction through the draft tube below.
In order to avoid the water flow from being stirred by the water replenishing pipe when the rotating wheel rotates at high speed, the water replenishing pipe can be basically arranged in the upper crown. That is, the exposed portion of the water replenishing pipe should be as short as possible.
As is known, the water flow pressure in the tail water pipe is basically the same as the downstream water pressure and is approximately maintained in the range of +/-0.05 MPa, and the water flow pressure in the mixed flow area is between 0.25MPa and 0.30 MPa. That is, the flow pressure in the mixed flow area is much higher than that in the draft tube. In addition, for the pump turbine with different water head heights or operating under different working conditions, the water pressure in the mixed flow area and the water return pipe of the pump turbine can be different.
As another preferred solution, as shown in fig. 3, the main shaft comprises an upper main body section 14 and a connecting section 15 with a reduced lower end, so that a step 16 is formed between the main body section and the connecting section, a receiving hole 222 is formed in the center of the upper crown of the rotating wheel, the upper crown of the rotating wheel is connected at the step, and the connecting section of the main shaft coaxially extends into the receiving hole and forms a tubular valve cavity 25 between the connecting section and the receiving cavity. In addition, a valve sleeve 26 capable of moving up and down is arranged in the tubular valve cavity, a spring 27 for pressing the valve sleeve is arranged at the lower part of the tubular valve cavity, a shunting hole 151 radially penetrating through the main shaft through hole is arranged at the position of the connecting section corresponding to the fluid hole, and a radial through hole 261 is arranged on the circumferential surface of the valve sleeve corresponding to the shunting hole. The valve sleeve comprises a conducting position and a stopping position, when the water pressure in the mixed flow area and the water pressure in the tail water pipe are more than or equal to delta P, the valve sleeve is positioned at the stopping position, and the part between the diversion hole and the corresponding fluid hole is stopped; when the water pressure in the mixed flow area and the water pressure in the tail water pipe are smaller than delta P, the valve sleeve moves upwards to be positioned at the conduction position, and the diversion hole is conducted with the corresponding fluid hole.
It should be noted that the spring may be sleeved on the connection section, or a plurality of positioning columns may be disposed at the lower end of the valve housing, the positioning columns are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the spring is sleeved on each positioning column. Thus, when the valve sleeve is at the stop position, the positioning column is abutted against the lower end face of the tubular valve cavity to be positioned.
Of course, it is desirable to provide a balancing hole 223 in the underside of the crown that extends upwardly through the tubular valve chamber to allow the water pressure in the tailwater tube to act on the underside of the valve housing. And a corresponding communicating hole is arranged between the tubular valve cavity positioned on the upper side of the valve sleeve and the mixed flow area so as to ensure that the water pressure of the mixed flow area can act on the upper side of the valve sleeve.
That is, in this embodiment, the tubular valve chamber formed by the crown and the connecting section, the valve housing and the spring form a directional control valve. When the water pressure difference between the water pressure in the mixed flow area and the water pressure in the tail water pipe is larger than or equal to the set pressure difference deltaP, the negative pressure state in the mixed flow area of the water pump turbine is not too serious, correspondingly, the negative pressure area of the water pump turbine is mainly positioned in the tail water pipe, at the moment, the water pressure in the mixed flow area on the upper portion of the valve sleeve enables the valve sleeve to overcome the elasticity of the spring and move downwards to a stop position, and correspondingly, a conducting hole on the valve sleeve is staggered with a fluid hole and a shunting hole, so that the water flow in the through hole cannot enter the mixed flow area and only can directly enter the tail water pipe through the through hole of the connecting section for water supplement balance, the water supplement effect is achieved, and the water supplement cost can be reduced to the maximum extent. When the water pressure in the mixed flow area and the water pressure in the tail water pipe are smaller than the set pressure difference delta P, the negative pressure state in the mixed flow area of the water pump turbine is serious, so that the mixed flow area of the water pump turbine becomes an important negative pressure area and water needs to be supplemented, at the moment, the elastic force of the spring is larger than the downward pressure formed by the water pressure difference on the two sides of the valve sleeve on the valve sleeve, the valve sleeve moves upwards to a stop position, correspondingly, the through hole on the valve sleeve is communicated with the fluid hole and the flow splitting hole, therefore, one part of water flow in the through hole enters the mixed flow area, the other part of water flow directly enters the tail water pipe through the through hole of the connecting section, and then water supplementing balance is carried out on the two areas respectively.
Certainly, a plurality of radial grooves extending to the tubular valve cavity can be formed in the step, or a transition hole can be formed in the upper crown close to the step, the upper end of the transition hole is communicated with the radial grooves, and the lower end of the transition hole is communicated with the corresponding fluid hole, so that high water pressure in the mixed flow area is induced to the upper portion of the valve sleeve in the tubular valve cavity.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a water pump turbine tonifying qi structure, including the upper end with the generator is connected and the center is equipped with the main shaft of through-hole, be located the mixed flow region of main shaft lower extreme, be located the runner that has the blade in the mixed flow region, be located mixed flow region peripheral spiral case, the inboard of spiral case is equipped with the delivery port, be equipped with the stator of guide water flow direction in the delivery port, the lower part in mixed flow region is connected with the draft tube, characterized by, still include the drainage tube, drainage tube one end is connected with the fluid source, the other end communicates with the through-hole of main shaft upper end, the lower extreme of main shaft is linked together with mixed flow region, when the rivers in mixed flow region appear negative pressure, the vortex, the fluid in the drainage tube accessible main shaft the through-hole of main shaft balanced negative pressure in mixed flow region, and break away the vortex.
2. The air supplement structure of the pump turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein one end of the draft tube is connected to the volute, and when negative pressure and vortex flow occur in the flow in the mixed flow region, the high pressure flow in the volute enters the mixed flow region through the draft tube and the through hole of the main shaft to balance the negative pressure and disperse the vortex flow.
3. The pump turbine air supplement structure of claim 1, wherein the main shaft through hole is provided with a plurality of axially spaced supercharging impellers, the supercharging impellers comprise a rotating shaft and supercharging blades arranged on the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft of each supercharging blade is coaxially connected, and when the rotating wheel drives the main shaft to rotate at a high speed, the supercharging blades rotate at a high speed relative to the fluid in the through hole, so that the fluid in the through hole is supercharged.
4. A pump turbine air supplement structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the runner comprises a crown, a bottom ring, and a plurality of blades connected between the crown and the bottom ring, the blades are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, a plurality of radial fluid holes are provided in the crown, the side of the blade located at the front side in the rotation direction is a water facing surface, the side located at the rear side in the rotation direction is a water backing surface, a vertical water supply pipe is provided near the water backing surface, a water outlet hole is provided on the water supply pipe, the upper end of the water supply pipe is hermetically connected in the crown and communicated with the fluid holes, when the runner drives the main shaft to rotate at a high speed, the water backing surface of the blade generates negative pressure and vortex, and the water flow in the main shaft through hole enters the water backing surface of the blade through the water supply pipe to balance the negative pressure and disperse the vortex.
5. The pump turbine air supplement structure as claimed in claim 4, wherein the main shaft comprises a main body section and a connection section with a reduced lower end, thereby forming a step between the main body section and the connecting section, the upper crown center of the rotating wheel is provided with a containing hole, the upper crown of the rotating wheel is connected at the step, the connecting section coaxially extends into the containing hole and forms a tubular valve cavity, a valve sleeve which can move up and down is arranged in the tubular valve cavity, a spring which is used for abutting against the valve sleeve is arranged at the lower part of the tubular valve cavity, a shunting hole which radially penetrates through the main shaft through hole is arranged at the position of the connecting section corresponding to the fluid hole, a radial through hole is arranged at the position of the valve sleeve corresponding to the shunting hole in the circumferential direction, the valve sleeve comprises a conducting position and a stopping position, when the difference between the water pressure in the mixed flow area and the water pressure in the tail water pipe is larger than or equal to delta P, the valve sleeve is positioned at a cut-off position, and the part between the diversion hole and the corresponding fluid hole is cut off; when the difference between the water pressure in the mixed flow area and the water pressure in the tail water pipe is smaller than delta P, the valve sleeve moves upwards to be at a conduction position, and the diversion hole is conducted with the corresponding fluid hole.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111563561.9A CN114623035A (en) | 2021-12-20 | 2021-12-20 | Air supplementing structure of water pump and water turbine |
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| CN202111563561.9A CN114623035A (en) | 2021-12-20 | 2021-12-20 | Air supplementing structure of water pump and water turbine |
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| CN114941602A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-08-26 | 西安理工大学 | Mixed-flow water turbine capable of controlling generation of blade vortex |
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