CN114621279A - Preparation method for aryl silane dimer compound through aryl silane self-coupling synthesis under photocatalysis - Google Patents

Preparation method for aryl silane dimer compound through aryl silane self-coupling synthesis under photocatalysis Download PDF

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CN114621279A
CN114621279A CN202210409201.1A CN202210409201A CN114621279A CN 114621279 A CN114621279 A CN 114621279A CN 202210409201 A CN202210409201 A CN 202210409201A CN 114621279 A CN114621279 A CN 114621279A
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aryl silane
photosensitizer
self
coupling
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蒋红梅
王琼超
桂清文
王霞
沈海城
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Hunan Agricultural University
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F7/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F7/02Silicon compounds
    • C07F7/08Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
    • C07F7/0803Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
    • C07F7/0805Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising only Si, C or H atoms
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Abstract

A preparation method of aryl silane dimer compounds through aryl silane self-coupling synthesis under photocatalysis is characterized in that a non-metal photosensitizer is used as a photocatalyst, and a tri-substituted aryl silane compound is placed in a solvent under the irradiation of light and air environment to generate a Si-Si bond coupling reaction, so that the aryl silane dimer compounds are generated. In the invention, under the air environment, a simple nonmetal photosensitizer is used for catalyzing the self-coupling of the tri-substituted aryl silane compound to form Si-Si coupling reaction, and a series of silane dimers can be realized under mild conditions and with high yield. The method has no oxidant, is environment-friendly, has high atom economy and simple and convenient post-treatment, and has application prospect in many fields such as adhesive, paint, casting adhesive and the like.

Description

Preparation method for aryl silane dimer compound through aryl silane self-coupling synthesis under photocatalysis
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of organic chemical industry, organic synthesis and photocatalysis, relates to preparation of aryl silane dimer compounds, and particularly relates to a method for synthesizing aryl silane dimer compounds by self-coupling of three-level aryl silane compounds under the photocatalysis of a photosensitizer.
Background
The silane can react with a plurality of inorganic materials and organic materials and has multiple functions. The uniqueness of organosilanes as coupling agents, crosslinkers and surface modifiers has led to their widespread use in many areas such as adhesives, coatings, foundry binders and the like. The formation of Si — Si is an important step in the synthesis of disilanes, oligosilanes and polysilanes that have optoelectronic, photoreactive properties and are of interest. Therefore, the development of a method for synthesizing the silane dimer compound has important practical value.
At present, the synthesis method of silane dimer compounds under the catalysis of alkali metal or iron compounds has been reported. For example: in [ CpFe (CO) ]2Me]In the catalytic system, a Si-Si bond is constructed by self-coupling of dimethyl phenyl silane so as to synthesize the silane dimer compound in a one-step catalytic manner.
Therefore, the existing silane dimer compound synthesis needs to be catalyzed by alkali metal or metal compound, but the metal pollutes the environment, the atom economy is general, and most of reaction raw materials and catalysts are expensive and not easy to obtain, so that the industrial production of the silane dimer compound is limited. At present, no published documents for forming silane dimer compounds by utilizing a photosensitizer to perform photocatalytic Si-Si bond coupling in an air environment exist at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing an aryl silane dimer compound by self-coupling a tri-substituted aryl silane compound under the catalysis of a photosensitizer. The method takes a non-metal photosensitizer as a catalyst, and can lead the tertiary aryl silane compound to generate the required aryl silane dimer compound at room temperature with high yield under the conditions of air environment and light irradiation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a preparation method of aryl silane dimer compounds through aryl silane self-coupling synthesis under photocatalysis is characterized in that a non-metal photosensitizer is used as a photocatalyst, a trisubstituted aryl silane compound is placed in a solvent under the irradiation of light and air environment to generate a Si-Si bond coupling reaction, and the aryl silane dimer compounds are generated, wherein the reaction general formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003603444460000021
wherein the substrate trisubstituted aryl silane compound has the general formula
Figure BDA0003603444460000022
Wherein R is phenyl, tolyl, halophenyl or methyl.
Preferably, the photosensitizer is eosin (tetrabromo fluorescein); the solvent is DCM; the light wavelength was 430 nm. The reaction temperature is room temperature, and the reaction time is 1 h; the molar ratio of the tri-substituted aryl silane compound to the photosensitizer at the beginning of the reaction is 1: 0.1, 2mL of solvent.
In the air environment, the simple non-metal photosensitizer is used for catalyzing the self-coupling of the tri-substituted aryl silane compound to form the Si-Si coupling reaction, and the used photosensitizer is cheap and easy to obtain, is easy to recover and has no pollution. The invention can realize a series of silane dimers under mild conditions with high yield, does not participate in an oxidant, is environment-friendly, has high atom economy and simple and convenient post-treatment, and has application prospect in a plurality of fields such as adhesives, coatings, casting adhesives and the like.
Detailed Description
The following examples will help to understand the present invention, but the contents of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1: 1,1,1,2,2, 2-hexaphenyldisilane
78.123mg (0.3mmol) of triphenylsilane as a substrate, 4.98mg (0.03mmol) of EOSIN Y as a photosensitizer and 2mL of DCM as a solvent were added to a photoreaction sealed tube under an air atmosphere. Then the sealed tube is put into a 430nm photoreactor and reacted for 1h at room temperature. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was subjected to rotary evaporation and separation by silica gel column chromatography (eluent ethyl acetate/petroleum ether: 1/8) to give 77.0mg of a colorless oily liquid with a yield of 98.5%.
The obtained liquid is subjected to hydrogen spectrum:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3): δ 7.62(t, J ═ 16.0Hz,2H),7.38(t, J ═ 8.0Hz,2H),3.26-3.21(m,4H),2.42(s,3H),1.13(t, J ═ 8.0Hz,6H), carbon spectrum:13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3): delta 140.19,139.21,133.12,128.94,127.43,124.17,42.17,21.52,14.28, HRMS m/z, found 519.1996, and the structural formula is shown in the specification
Figure BDA0003603444460000031
Example 2: 1,1,2, 2-tetraphenyl-1, 2-di-p-tolyldisilane
82.233mg (0.3mmol) of substrate p-tolyldiphenylsilane and 4.98mg of photosensitizer EOSIN Y
(0.03mmol) and 2mL of DCM solvent were added to the photoreaction tube under air atmosphere. Then the sealed tube is put into a 430nm photoreactor to react for 1h at room temperature. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was subjected to rotary evaporation and then to silica gel column chromatography (eluent: ethyl acetate/petroleum ether: 1/8), whereby 80.2mg of a colorless oily liquid was obtained in a yield of 97.9%.
The obtained liquid is subjected to hydrogen spectrum:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3): δ 7.47-7.45(m,8H),7.35(d, J ═ 7.6Hz,4H),7.28(t, J ═ 7.6Hz,4H),7.20(t, J ═ 7.6Hz,8H),7.03(d, J ═ 7.6Hz,4H),2.23(s,6H), carbon spectrum:13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3): delta 140.18,135.48,135.23,135.13,131.63,130.10,128.87,127.99,21.75, HRM S: m/z, found:547.2230, and has the structural formula:
Figure BDA0003603444460000041
example 3: 1,1,2, 2-tetraphenyl-1, 2-di-m-tolyldisilane
82.233mg (0.3mmol) of m-tolyldiphenylsilane as a substrate, 4.98mg (0.03mmol) of EOSIN Y as a photosensitizer and 2mL of DCM as a solvent were added to the photoreaction vial under an air atmosphere. Then the sealed tube is put into a 430nm photoreactor and reacted for 1h at room temperature. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was subjected to rotary evaporation and silica gel column chromatography (eluent ethyl acetate/petroleum ether: 1/8) to give 79.2mg of a pale yellow oily liquid with a yield of 96.7%.
The obtained liquid is subjected to hydrogen spectrum:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3): δ 7.66-7.64(m,8H),7.50-7.44(m,8H),7.37(t, J ═ 7.6Hz,8H),7.29(d, J ═ 5.2Hz,4H),2.34(s,6H), carbon spectrum:13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3): delta 137.34,135.57,135.33,135.10,135.01,132.22,130.99,130.08,127.95,127.91,21.58, HRMS m/z, found 547.2213, and the structural formula is:
Figure BDA0003603444460000042
example 4: 1, 2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) -1,1,2, 2-tetraphenyl-disilane
88.452mg (0.3mmol) of p-chlorophenyl diphenylsilane as a substrate, 4.98mg (0.03mmol) of EOSIN Y as a photosensitizer and 2mL of DCM as a solvent were added to the photoreaction vial under an air atmosphere. Then the sealed tube is put into a 430nm photoreactor and reacted for 1h at room temperature. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was subjected to rotary evaporation and then to silica gel column chromatography (eluent: ethyl acetate/petroleum ether: 1/8) to obtain 85.7mg of a pale yellow oily liquid with a yield of 97.5%.
The obtained liquid is subjected to hydrogen spectrum:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3): δ 7.41(dd, J ═ 7.6,0.8Hz,8H),7.35(d, J ═ 8.0Hz,4H),7.30(d, J ═ 7.6Hz,4H),7.22-7.16(m,12H), carbon spectrum:13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3): delta 135.42,135.30,134.25,133.85,133.46,132.36,129.20,127.10,126.92, HRMS m/z, found 587.1227, and has the structural formula:
Figure BDA0003603444460000051
example 5: 1, 2-bis (3-fluorophenyl) -1,1,2, 2-tetraphenyl-disilane
83.517mg (0.3mmol) of m-fluorophenyl diphenyl silane as a substrate, 4.98mg (0.03mmol) of EOSIN Y as a photosensitizer and 2mL of DCM as a solvent are added into a photoreaction sealed tube under an air environment. Then the sealed tube is put into a 430nm photoreactor and reacted for 1h at room temperature. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was subjected to rotary evaporation and then to silica gel column chromatography (eluent: ethyl acetate/petroleum ether: 1/8) to obtain 79.8mg of a pale yellow oily liquid with a yield of 95.6%.
The obtained liquid is subjected to hydrogen spectrum:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3): δ 7.44(d, J ═ 6.8Hz,8H),7.30(t, J ═ 7.6Hz,4H),7.21(t, J ═ 7.6Hz,10H),7.18-7.14(m,4H),6.96(td, J ═ 8.0,1.6Hz,2H), carbon spectrum:13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3): delta 162.63(d, J-249.5 Hz),138.40(d, J-4.0 Hz),135.05,134.54,130.66(d, J-3.0 Hz),130.39,129.87(d, J-7.0 Hz),128.10,121.38(d, J-19.1 Hz),117.14(d, J-21.0 Hz) and HRMS: m/z, found:555.2338
Figure BDA0003603444460000061
Example 6: 1, 2-dimethyl-1, 1,2, 2-tetraphenyl-disilane
60.123mg (0.3mmol) of diphenylmethylsilane as a substrate, 4.98mg (0.03mmol) of EOSIN Y as a photosensitizer and 2mL of DCM as a solvent were added to the photoreaction vial under an air atmosphere. Then the sealed tube is put into a 430nm photoreactor and reacted for 1h at room temperature. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was subjected to rotary evaporation and then to silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate/petroleum ether: 1/8 as an eluent) to obtain 55.614mg of a pale yellow oily liquid with a yield of 92.5%.
The obtained liquid is subjected to hydrogen spectrum:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3): δ 7.59(dd, J ═ 8.0,1.2Hz,8H),7.44-7.40(m,4H),7.36(t, J ═ 7.2Hz,8H),0.647(s,6H), carbon spectrum:13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3): delta 137.69,134.13,129.72,127.88, -0.41, HRM S: m/z, found:395.2137, and has the structural formula:
Figure BDA0003603444460000062

Claims (6)

1. a preparation method of aryl silane dimer compounds through aryl silane self-coupling synthesis under photocatalysis is characterized in that a non-metal photosensitizer is used as a photocatalyst, a tri-substituted aryl silane compound is placed in a solvent under the irradiation of light and air environment to generate Si-Si bond coupling reaction, and the aryl silane dimer compounds are generated according to the following reaction formula:
Figure FDA0003603444450000011
wherein the substrate trisubstituted aryl silane compound has the general formula
Figure FDA0003603444450000012
Wherein R is phenyl, tolyl, halophenyl or methyl.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the photosensitizer is EOSIN Y.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the solvent is DCM.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the light wavelength is 430 nm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature is room temperature.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the reaction is initiated with a molar ratio of trisubstituted aryl silane compound to photosensitizer of 1: 0.1.
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US5540830A (en) * 1994-03-09 1996-07-30 Osaka Gas Company Limited Method for producing disilanes
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US20090112013A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2009-04-30 Hiroshi Nakazawa Preparation of si-si bond-bearing compounds
JP2014181212A (en) * 2013-03-19 2014-09-29 Yokohama National Univ Method for manufacturing silicon compound and catalyst composition
CN107955031A (en) * 2017-12-05 2018-04-24 南京工业大学 Method for continuously preparing disilane compounds by using micro-reaction device
CN110669066A (en) * 2019-10-15 2020-01-10 徐州医科大学 Disilane and preparation method thereof
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JPH01203396A (en) * 1988-02-06 1989-08-16 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol Production of disilanes
US5540830A (en) * 1994-03-09 1996-07-30 Osaka Gas Company Limited Method for producing disilanes
JP2003277387A (en) * 2002-03-20 2003-10-02 Osaka Gas Co Ltd Method for producing disilane
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JP2014181212A (en) * 2013-03-19 2014-09-29 Yokohama National Univ Method for manufacturing silicon compound and catalyst composition
CN107955031A (en) * 2017-12-05 2018-04-24 南京工业大学 Method for continuously preparing disilane compounds by using micro-reaction device
CN110669066A (en) * 2019-10-15 2020-01-10 徐州医科大学 Disilane and preparation method thereof
CN112110950A (en) * 2020-08-17 2020-12-22 杭州师范大学 Preparation method of disilane

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