CN114620834A - Device and method for realizing denitrification of shortcut nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation process by combining micro-aerobic environment with two-stage water inlet - Google Patents
Device and method for realizing denitrification of shortcut nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation process by combining micro-aerobic environment with two-stage water inlet Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 229920000903 polyhydroxyalkanoate Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001651 autotrophic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C02F2101/163—Nitrates
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for realizing denitrification by a short-cut nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation process in combination with two sections of water inflow in a micro-aerobic environment. The first section of municipal domestic sewage enters an AO/O-SBR reactor, and a small part of organic matters in the municipal domestic sewage in the anaerobic stage are used for denitrifying NO remained at the end of the last period3 ‑N, the remaining organic substances are converted into PHAs for storage in the microbial cells; in the aerobic stage, the microorganisms are in a micro-aerobic environment by adopting a low-oxygen aeration mode, and NH is used4 +N is slowly oxidized to NO2 ‑-N, NO produced2 ‑-N is then reacted with NH in the microaerophilic environment4 +Anaerobic ammoxidation of N to N2And a small amount of NO3 ‑-N; the second section of municipal domestic sewage enters the AO/O-SBR reactor again before secondary water inflowNO produced by anammox reaction3 ‑-N is denitrified to N by exogenous organic matters carried in secondary influent water2While continuing NH4 +The slow oxidation of N and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation effect realize the high-efficiency deep denitrification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for realizing denitrification by a short-cut nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation process in combination with two sections of water inflow in a micro-aerobic environment, and belongs to the technical field of biological sewage treatment. Specifically, raw water of urban domestic sewage in the first stage enters an AO/O-SBR reactor for storing an internal carbon source under anaerobic conditions, aeration is started to enter a micro-aerobic environment after 90-120 min, and NH is carried out4 +N is slowly oxidized to NO2 --N, NO produced2 --N is then reacted with NH4 +The anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction denitrification is carried out on the-N, the raw water of the second section of municipal domestic sewage enters an AO/O-SBR reactor after 300-360 min, and the short water inlet time can utilize organic matters carried in the second section of inlet water to carry out anaerobic ammonia oxidation to generate NO3 -Removing N, and then continuing to perform synchronous short-cut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification in a micro-aerobic environment.
Background
With the continuous development of society, the living standard is continuously improved, the discharge amount of urban domestic sewage is increased, and a large amount of N, P and other nutrient elements are discharged into natural water bodies to cause water eutrophication, so that the nitrogen and phosphorus removal of sewage is the important factor of sewage treatment plants, and the biological treatment is an effective method.
The traditional nitrification and denitrification technology is to utilize nitrifying bacteria to remove NH in the aerobic aeration stage4 +Complete oxidation of-N to NO3 --N, NO is released by denitrifying bacteria after entering anoxic phase3 -Reduction of all of-N to N2. The process needs a large amount of aeration energy consumption and carbon sources, and the overhigh aeration in the aerobic period is easy to convert the original organic matters in the domestic sewage into CO2Resulting in waste of carbon sources, and thus, a large amount of carbon sources need to be additionally added, resulting in an increase in running cost. In addition, the traditional nitrification and denitrification technology can cause secondary pollution to the environment and is not in accordance with the concept of sustainable development. Coupled with increasingly stringent wastewater discharge standards and carbon neutralization in recent yearsTherefore, the development of a novel energy-saving and efficient sewage treatment process is urgent.
The anammox process is of interest to a wide range of scholars for its ability to achieve autotrophic nitrogen removal, and can be used with NO2 --N is an electron acceptor, directly reacting NH4 +Reduction of-N to N2The whole process does not need aeration and carbon source, and the difficulty is that the substrate NO2 --a source of N. In practical application, anaerobic ammonia oxidation is usually combined with short-cut nitrification, and 60% of aeration energy consumption, 100% of carbon source consumption and 80% of residual sludge yield can be theoretically saved. A great number of reports have been made on a shortcut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation process based on an AOA process as a main body, and although the process can realize deep denitrification, the process needs to control aerobic end NH4 +-N and NO2 -The mass concentration ratio of-N to N is 1.0-1.5, suitable conditions are provided for anaerobic ammonia oxidation of an anoxic section, good water outlet effect is difficult to guarantee once the ratio is out of order, and NO generated by anaerobic ammonia oxidation3 --N is also difficult to remove further. Strict NH is not needed in the AO/O process adopting micro-oxygen environment combined with two-stage water inlet4 +-N and NO2 -Mass concentration ratio of-N, NO2 -N-once produced with NH4 +N is subjected to anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification, organic matters carried in secondary feed water can be used for oxidizing NO generated by anaerobic ammonia oxidation by means of short feed water time3 -Reduction of-N to N2Meanwhile, the secondary water inflow accounts for a small amount, and a small amount of organic matters contained in the secondary water inflow can not cause adverse effects on the shortcut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation after the secondary water inflow, so that the stable and efficient deep denitrification of the urban domestic sewage can be realized. Therefore, the micro-aerobic environment based on AO/O operation combines two-stage water inlet to realize the integrated shortcut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation process, and has guiding significance for sewage treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for realizing denitrification by a short-cut nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation process in combination with two-section water inlet in a micro-aerobic environment, realizes deep and efficient denitrification of municipal domestic sewage, and solves the problems of high energy consumption and high cost of the traditional processWhile breaking the NH strict with the AOA process4 +-N and NO2 -Mass concentration ratio of-N and NO produced by anammox3 -N bottlenecks that are difficult to remove. Specifically, raw water of urban domestic sewage in the first stage enters an AO/O-SBR reactor for storing an internal carbon source under anaerobic conditions, aeration is started to enter a micro-aerobic environment after 90-120 min, and NH is carried out4 +N is slowly oxidized to NO2 --N, NO produced2 --N is then reacted with NH4 +The anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction denitrification is carried out on the-N, the raw water of the second section of municipal domestic sewage enters an AO/O-SBR reactor after 300-360 min, and the short water inlet time can utilize organic matters carried in the second section of inlet water to carry out anaerobic ammonia oxidation to generate NO3 -Removing N, and then continuing to perform synchronous short-cut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification in a micro-aerobic environment.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a device for realizing denitrification by a short-cut nitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation process by combining micro-aerobic environment with two sections of inlet water is characterized in that:
the device comprises a raw water tank (1) of urban domestic sewage, an AO/O-SBR reactor (2) and an effluent water tank (3); the AO/O-SBR reactor (2) is provided with a peristaltic pump (2.1), a water inlet (2.2), a stirring device (2.3), a pH/DO online determinator (2.4), an air pump (2.5), a rotameter (2.6), an aeration disc (2.7), a water outlet (2.8) and a drain valve (2.9);
the AO/O-SBR reactor (2) is connected with a water inlet (2.2) and a city domestic sewage raw water tank (1) through a peristaltic pump (2.1) and is connected with a water outlet tank (3) through a water outlet (2.8) and a water discharge valve (2.9).
The method for realizing efficient deep denitrification of domestic sewage by using the device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) mixing and feeding the shortcut nitrification sludge and the anaerobic ammonium oxidation granular sludge into an AO/O-SBR reactor, and controlling the total sludge concentration in the reactor after feeding to be 1500-1800 mg/L;
2) pumping raw water in a raw water tank (1) of urban domestic sewage into an AO/O-SBR reactor (2) through a water inlet (2.2) by a peristaltic pump (2.1), wherein the part of inlet water is first-stage inlet water, starting a stirring device (2.3) while the part of inlet water is fed, starting an air pump (2.5) after anaerobic stirring for 90-120 min, enabling the AO/O-SBR reactor (2) to be in a micro-aerobic environment by adjusting a rotor flow meter (2.6), monitoring DO in the operation process by a pH/DO online determinator (2.4), controlling DO at an aeration stage to be 0.05-0.20 mg/L all the time, and closing the air pump temporarily after 300-360 min;
3) pumping raw water in a raw water tank (1) of urban domestic sewage into an AO/O-SBR reactor (2) through a water inlet (2.2) by a peristaltic pump (2.1), wherein the part of inlet water is second-stage inlet water, immediately starting an air pump (2.5) again after the inlet water is finished, enabling the AO/O-SBR reactor (2) to be continuously placed in a micro-aerobic environment, controlling DO (dissolved oxygen) at an aeration stage to be 0.05-0.20 mg/L, closing the air pump (2.5) and a stirring device (2.3) at the same time after 60-90 min, and discharging supernatant into a water outlet tank (3) through a water outlet (2.8) and a water discharge valve (2.9) after 30min of sedimentation;
the AO/O-SBR reactor (2) controls NH when the first stage water inlet reaction is finished4 +The concentration of N is 3-5 mg/L; controlling NH at the end of the second stage water inlet reaction4 +-N concentration is 0-2 mg/L; the volume ratio of the first section of inlet water to the second section of inlet water is 4: 1, controlling by adjusting water inlet time; and discharging sludge through the discharged floc in the operation of the AO/O-SBR reactor (2), keeping the granular sludge in the AO/O-SBR reactor (2), and controlling the sludge age to be 20-30 d and the sludge concentration to be 1500-2000 mg/L.
Principle of the technology
Firstly, pumping raw water of first-stage municipal domestic sewage into an AO/O-SBR reactor for storage of an internal carbon source under anaerobic conditions, starting an air pump to enable the AO/O-SBR reactor to enter a micro-aerobic environment after anaerobic stirring for 90-120 min, and then, NH4 +N is slowly oxidized to NO2 -N, NO produced2 --N is then reacted with NH4 +Performing anaerobic ammonia oxidation denitrification on the-N, aerating for 300-360 min, then feeding the raw water of the second-stage municipal domestic sewage into an AO/O-SBR reactor, and performing anaerobic ammonia oxidation on the anaerobic ammonia by utilizing organic matters carried in the second-stage inflow water within short inflow timeChemically generated NO3 -Removing N, and then continuously carrying out synchronous short-cut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction in a micro-aerobic environment to realize deep and efficient denitrification.
The device and the method for realizing denitrification by the short-cut nitrification-coupled anaerobic ammonia oxidation process by combining the micro-aerobic environment with two sections of water inlet have the following advantages:
1) after the sewage enters the AO/O reactor, anaerobic stirring is firstly carried out to store the external organic matters into the internal carbon source, so that the waste of the carbon source is reduced;
2) in the aeration stage, DO is controlled to be 0.05-0.20 mg/L, so that the AO/O reactor is in a micro-aerobic environment, and the aeration energy consumption is greatly reduced;
3) the shortcut nitrification and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation can be synchronously carried out in the micro-aerobic environment, and NO generated by the shortcut nitrification2 -N can be immediately reacted with NH4 +The anaerobic ammoxidation reaction is carried out on the N, so that the aeration time is reduced, and the energy is saved;
4) NO produced by anammox3 -And the-N can be removed by using organic matters carried in the secondary inlet water through a denitrification way, the quality of outlet water is further improved, and the total nitrogen removal rate is higher than the theoretical removal rate (89%) of the shortcut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an apparatus for realizing denitrification by a short-cut nitrification-coupled anaerobic ammonia oxidation process in combination with two-stage water inflow in a micro-aerobic environment;
in FIG. 1, 2.1-peristaltic pump, 2.2-water inlet, 2.3-stirring device, 2.4-pH/DO online tester, 2.5-air pump, 2.6-rotameter, 2.7-aeration disc, 2.8-water outlet, 2.9-water discharge valve;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the operational mode;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a device and a method for realizing denitrification by a shortcut nitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation process by combining a micro-aerobic environment with two sections of water inlet are characterized in that the device comprises: the system comprises a raw water tank (1) of urban domestic sewage, an AO/O-SBR reactor (2) and an effluent water tank (3).
The device comprises a raw water tank (1) of urban domestic sewage, an AO/O-SBR reactor (2) and an effluent water tank (3); the AO/O-SBR reactor (2) is provided with a peristaltic pump (2.1), a water inlet (2.2), a stirring device (2.3), a pH/DO online determinator (2.4), an air pump (2.5), a rotameter (2.6), an aeration disc (2.7), a water outlet (2.8) and a drain valve (2.9);
the AO/O-SBR reactor (2) is provided with a peristaltic pump (2.1), a water inlet (2.2), a stirring device (2.3), a pH/DO online determinator (2.4), an air pump (2.5), a rotameter (2.6), an aeration disc (2.7), a water outlet (2.8) and a drain valve (2.9);
the AO/O-SBR reactor (2) is connected with a water inlet (2.2) and a raw water tank (1) of urban domestic sewage through a peristaltic pump (2.1) and is connected with a water outlet tank (3) through a water outlet (2.8) and a drain valve (2.9).
The specific test water in the example is domestic sewage, NH, of family district of western school district of Beijing university of industry4 +N concentration of 76-91 mg/L, COD concentration of 164-228 mg/L, NO2 -N concentration of 1mg/L or less, NO3 -The concentration of N is less than or equal to 1 mg/L. As shown in FIG. 1, the reactor used was a sequencing batch SBR reactor having an effective volume of 10L and a water discharge ratio of 50%.
The specific operation process is as follows:
1) mixing shortcut nitrification sludge and anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge according to the proportion of 1: 2, feeding the mixture into an AO/O-SBR reactor, and controlling the sludge concentrations of the shortcut nitrification sludge and the anaerobic ammonium oxidation granular sludge in the reactor after feeding to be 500-600 mg/L and 1000-1200 mg/L respectively, wherein the total sludge concentration is 1500-1800 mg/L;
2) pumping raw water in a raw water tank (1) of urban domestic sewage into an AO/O-SBR reactor (2) through a water inlet (2.2) by a peristaltic pump (2.1), wherein the part of inlet water is first-stage inlet water, starting a stirring device (2.3) while the part of inlet water is fed, starting an air pump (2.5) after anaerobic stirring for 90-120 min, enabling the AO/O-SBR reactor (2) to be in a micro-aerobic environment by adjusting a rotor flow meter (2.6), monitoring DO in the operation process by a pH/DO online determinator (2.4), controlling DO at an aeration stage to be 0.05-0.20 mg/L all the time, and closing the air pump temporarily after 300-360 min;
3) pumping raw water in a raw water tank (1) of urban domestic sewage into an AO/O-SBR reactor (2) through a water inlet (2.2) by a peristaltic pump (2.1), wherein the part of inlet water is second-stage inlet water, immediately starting an air pump (2.5) again after the inlet water is finished, enabling the AO/O-SBR reactor (2) to be continuously placed in a micro-aerobic environment, controlling DO (dissolved oxygen) at an aeration stage to be 0.05-0.20 mg/L, closing the air pump (2.5) and a stirring device (2.3) at the same time after 60-90 min, and discharging supernatant into a water outlet tank (3) through a water outlet (2.8) and a water discharge valve (2.9) after 30min of sedimentation;
the AO/O-SBR reactor (2) controls NH when the first stage water inlet reaction is finished4 +The concentration of N is 3-5 mg/L; controlling NH at the end of the second stage water inlet reaction4 +The concentration of N is 0-2 mg/L; the volume ratio of the first section of water inflow to the second section of water inflow is 4: 1, controlling by adjusting water inlet time; and discharging sludge through the discharged floc in the operation of the AO/O-SBR reactor (2), keeping the granular sludge in the AO/O-SBR reactor (2), and controlling the sludge age to be 20-30 d and the sludge concentration to be 1500-2000 mg/L.
The continuous test results show that: after the operation is stable, the water NH is discharged from the AO/O-SBR reactor (2)4 +-N≤2mg/L，NO2 --N ≤1mg/L，NO3 -N is less than or equal to 2mg/L, COD is less than or equal to 40mg/L, the effluent quality reaches the national first-class A standard, and deep and efficient denitrification of the urban domestic sewage with the low carbon-nitrogen ratio is realized.
The foregoing is a specific embodiment of the present invention to facilitate those skilled in the art to better understand and apply the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, so that simple modifications made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A device for realizing denitrification by a short-cut nitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation process by combining micro-aerobic environment with two sections of inlet water is characterized in that:
the device comprises a raw water tank (1) of urban domestic sewage, an AO/O-SBR reactor (2) and an effluent water tank (3); the AO/O-SBR reactor (2) is provided with a peristaltic pump (2.1), a water inlet (2.2), a stirring device (2.3), a pH/DO online determinator (2.4), an air pump (2.5), a rotameter (2.6), an aeration disc (2.7), a water outlet (2.8) and a drain valve (2.9);
the AO/O-SBR reactor (2) is connected with a water inlet (2.2) and a raw water tank (1) of urban domestic sewage through a peristaltic pump (2.1) and is connected with a water outlet tank (3) through a water outlet (2.8) and a drain valve (2.9).
2. The method for realizing the high-efficiency deep denitrification of the municipal sewage by using the device of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing and feeding the shortcut nitrification sludge and the anaerobic ammonium oxidation granular sludge into an AO/O-SBR reactor, and controlling the total sludge concentration in the reactor after feeding to be 1500-1800 mg/L;
pumping raw water in a raw water tank (1) of urban domestic sewage into an AO/O-SBR reactor (2) through a water inlet (2.2) by a peristaltic pump (2.1), wherein the part of inlet water is first-stage inlet water, starting a stirring device (2.3) while the part of inlet water is fed, starting an air pump (2.5) after anaerobic stirring for 90-120 min, enabling the AO/O-SBR reactor (2) to be in a micro-aerobic environment by adjusting a rotor flow meter (2.6), monitoring DO in the operation process by a pH/DO online determinator (2.4), controlling DO at an aeration stage to be 0.05-0.20 mg/L all the time, and closing the air pump temporarily after 300-360 min;
pumping raw water in a raw water tank (1) of urban domestic sewage into an AO/O-SBR reactor (2) through a water inlet (2.2) by a peristaltic pump (2.1), wherein the part of inlet water is second-stage inlet water, immediately starting an air pump (2.5) again after the inlet water is finished, enabling the AO/O-SBR reactor (2) to be continuously placed in a micro-aerobic environment, controlling DO (dissolved oxygen) at an aeration stage to be 0.05-0.20 mg/L, closing the air pump (2.5) and a stirring device (2.3) at the same time after 60-90 min, and discharging supernatant into a water outlet tank (3) through a water outlet (2.8) and a water discharge valve (2.9) after 30min of sedimentation;
the AO/O-SBR reactor (2) controls NH when the first stage water inlet reaction is finished4 +The concentration of N is 3-5 mg/L; controlling NH at the end of the second stage water inlet reaction4 +The concentration of N is 0-2 mg/L; the volume ratio of the first section inlet water to the second section inlet waterIs 4: 1, controlling by adjusting water inlet time; and discharging sludge through the discharged flocs in the operation of the AO/O-SBR reactor (2), keeping the granular sludge in the AO/O-SBR reactor (2), and controlling the sludge age to be 20-30 d and the sludge concentration to be 1500-2000 mg/L.
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