CN114619277A

CN114619277A - Automatic centering device

Info

Publication number: CN114619277A
Application number: CN202210372928.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王真立; 金鑫; 郑小锋
Original assignee: Hitop Industrial Holdings Co ltd
Current assignee: Hitop Industrial Holdings Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-04-11
Filing date: 2022-04-11
Publication date: 2022-06-14

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic centering device, which comprises a cylinder body, a pneumatic mechanism, a chuck and a synchronous constraint mechanism, wherein the cylinder body is provided with a cylinder head; the cylinder body comprises a synchronous gas path and a plurality of piston cavities, and each piston cavity is communicated with the synchronous gas path; the pneumatic mechanism comprises a piston and a piston rod; the pneumatic mechanisms are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the piston cavities, the pistons are arranged in the piston cavities to divide the piston cavities into an extending cavity and a retracting cavity, and the synchronous gas path uniformly distributes gas to each extending cavity or each retracting cavity; the inner end of the piston rod is connected with the piston, and the outer end of the piston rod is connected with the chuck; the synchronous restraint mechanism comprises a rotary table and sliding blocks, the rotary table is arranged in the cylinder body, the inner end of each sliding block is connected with the rotary table, and the outer end of each sliding block is connected with the corresponding chuck. Gas is injected and is synchronously transmitted to each piston cavity through a synchronous gas circuit, the pneumatic mechanism stretches and retracts to drive the chucks to move, and the movement synchronism of each chuck is further improved under the action of the synchronous constraint mechanism. The pneumatic mode can reduce mechanical transmission power and reduce the abrasion of internal parts.

Description

Automatic centering device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of clamping and fixing devices, and particularly relates to an automatic centering device.

Background

The workpiece often needs to be fixed in a specific position and centered during machining. At present, two groups of central positioning devices are generally adopted to carry out two-direction positioning, and the mode has higher requirement on installation space, higher cost and long positioning time.

Practitioners have designed various centering devices to solve these problems, and some problems have been solved to some extent, but many drawbacks still remain.

For example, an automatic centering chuck under application No. 201811507176.0, powered by a gear chain transmission, performs centering by using a second sliding slot in the chuck body and a second sliding slot in the bracket to move directionally with the jaws. The problem of long positioning time is solved, but the automatic centering chuck is only suitable for centering a round object, and the application range of the device is limited; power is output only by one gear chain transmission mechanism, and the rest two clamping jaws need to transmit power by relying on a first sliding groove in the chuck, so that the centering effect is influenced by serious abrasion; in addition, return errors also exist in gear chain transmission, and transmission is not stable.

The automatic centering device with the application number of 201610598837.X provides power by means of the extension of a piston rod of a driving cylinder, connects a first slide block assembly and a second slide block assembly by a link mechanism, and drives the first slide block assembly and the second slide block assembly to simultaneously act by the power transmitted by the link mechanism under the action of the driving cylinder, and performs centering action by means of guide columns on the first slide block assembly and the second slide block assembly. However, according to the scheme, the driving cylinder provides power, the power source is single, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod of the connecting rod mechanism bear large torque, the abrasion of the device is large, the strength of the connecting rods is high, the installation requirements on the first linear guide rail assembly and the second linear guide rail assembly are high, and the manufacturing cost and the installation cost are high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an automatic centering device which is good in universality, good in synchronism and small in self abrasion.

The invention provides an automatic centering device, which comprises a cylinder body, a pneumatic mechanism, a chuck and a synchronous constraint mechanism, wherein the cylinder body is provided with a cylinder head; the cylinder body comprises a synchronous gas path and a plurality of piston cavities, and each piston cavity is communicated with the synchronous gas path; the pneumatic mechanism comprises a piston and a piston rod; the pneumatic mechanisms are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the piston cavities, the pistons are arranged in the piston cavities to divide the piston cavities into an extending cavity and a retracting cavity, and the synchronous gas path uniformly distributes gas to each extending cavity or each retracting cavity; the inner end of the piston rod is connected with the piston, and the outer end of the piston rod is connected with the chuck; the synchronous constraint mechanism comprises a rotary table and sliding blocks, the rotary table is arranged in the cylinder body, the inner end of each sliding block is connected with the rotary table, and the outer end of each sliding block is connected with the corresponding chuck, so that the movement synchronism of each chuck is improved.

The synchronous gas circuit comprises an outward extending loop and a retracting loop, the outward extending loop is communicated with each outward extending cavity, and the retracting loop is communicated with each retracting cavity.

The outward extending loop comprises a radial air passage and an annular air passage; the outer end of the radial air passage is communicated with the outside, and the inner end of the radial air passage is communicated with the annular air passage; the annular air passage and the cylinder body share the same geometric center; the retraction loop is identical in structure to the extension loop.

The piston cavity is arranged along the radial direction of the cylinder body, the inner end of the piston cavity is communicated with the annular air passage, the outer end of the piston cavity is sealed by a front cover, and a through hole is formed in the front cover so that the piston rod can pass through the through hole; the piston chambers are arranged in an annular array about a geometric center of the cylinder block.

The cylinder body also comprises a central groove and a slideway; the central groove is arranged at the geometric center of the cylinder body, and a rotating shaft is arranged in the central groove; the slide ways are arranged outside the end surface of the cylinder body, and each slide way is arranged corresponding to the piston cavity.

The turntable is a disc, a center hole is formed in the center of the turntable, a plurality of arc-shaped guide grooves are formed in the body of the turntable, and the arc-shaped guide grooves are arranged in an annular array around the center of the turntable; the turntable is assembled outside the rotating shaft through a center hole.

The sliding block comprises a guide groove, the sliding block is arranged in the slide way, the inner end of the sliding block is assembled with the arc-shaped guide groove of the rotary table through a pin shaft, and the outer end of the sliding block is connected with the chuck.

In one embodiment, the cylinder further comprises a guide pin, and the guide pin passes through the guide groove to be connected with the solid body of the cylinder body.

Furthermore, the telescopic tube and the clamping frame are also included; the telescopic pipe is sleeved outside the piston rod and arranged between the chuck and the cylinder body; the clamping frame covers the telescopic pipe, and the inner end of the clamping frame is connected with the cylinder body.

Preferably, the cylinder body further comprises a rear cover, a positioning hole is formed in the center of the rear cover, the rear cover is detachably connected with the cylinder body, and the positioning hole is aligned with the rotating shaft.

When the pneumatic chuck is put into use, gas is injected into the synchronous gas path in the cylinder body and is synchronously transmitted into each piston cavity through the synchronous gas path, so that the pneumatic mechanism stretches and retracts, the chucks are driven to move, and the movement synchronism of each chuck is further improved under the action of the synchronous constraint mechanism. On the other hand, the pneumatic mode can reduce mechanical transmission power and reduce the abrasion of internal parts.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an axial schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic enlarged top view of the preferred embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a schematic enlarged sectional view of a-a in fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of B-B in fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of C-C in fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is a schematic layout diagram of the synchronization air path in the preferred embodiment.

Reference numerals

1-a cylinder body, wherein the cylinder body is provided with a cylinder body,

11-the first inlet, 12-the second inlet,

13-piston chamber, 131-extension chamber, 132-retraction chamber,

14-overhanging loop, 141-radial air passage, 142-annular air passage,

15-retraction loop, 16-front cover, 17-central groove, 18-slideway;

2-pneumatic mechanism, 21-piston, 22-piston rod;

3, clamping a head;

4-a synchronous constraint mechanism, wherein,

41-rotating disc, 411-arc guide groove, 42-sliding block, 43-guide pin;

5, a rear cover;

6, a rotating shaft;

7, a telescopic pipe;

8, clamping the frame.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly unless otherwise specifically indicated and limited. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the automatic centering device disclosed in the present embodiment includes a cylinder 1, a pneumatic mechanism 2, a chuck 3, a synchronous constraint mechanism 4 and a rear cover 5; the four chucks 3 are assembled with the cylinder body 1 through the pneumatic mechanisms 2, the pneumatic mechanisms 2 work synchronously to enable the chucks 3 to move synchronously, and meanwhile, the synchronous constraint mechanism 4 is arranged between the chucks 3 and the cylinder body 1 to further ensure the synchronism of movement; the rear cover 5 is buckled outside the synchronous restraint mechanism 4 to fix the rotating shaft 6, prevent the synchronous restraint mechanism 4 from being separated from the cylinder body 1 and provide a mounting hole position for the whole device.

As shown in fig. 4, 5, and 6, the cylinder block 1 includes a first intake port 11, a second intake port 12, a synchronization gas passage, and four piston chambers 13. The cylinder block 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped. The synchronization circuit includes an extension circuit 14 and a retraction circuit 15. Wherein the overhang circuit 14 includes a radial air passage 141 and an annular air passage 142; the outer end of the radial air passage 141 is communicated with the first air inlet 11, and the inner end is communicated with the annular air passage 142; the annular air passage 142 is geometrically concentric with the cylinder block 1. The retraction circuit 15 is identical in structure to the extension circuit 14, and the retraction circuit 15 is disposed concentrically outside the extension circuit 14 and has an outer end communicating with the second intake port 12.

The piston chamber 13 is a linear chamber, the inner end of which is closed, the outer end of which is provided with a front cover 16 for limiting the stroke of the piston 21, and the front cover 16 is provided with a through hole for the piston rod 22 to pass through. The piston cavities 13 are arranged along the radial direction of the cylinder body 1, the piston cavities 13 are arranged at the side length center position of the cylinder body 1, and the four piston cavities 13 are in an annular array relative to the geometric center of the cylinder body 1.

The number of the pneumatic mechanisms 2 is the same as that of the piston cavities 13, and the pneumatic mechanisms 2 and the piston cavities 13 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode. The pneumatic mechanism 2 includes a piston 21 and a piston rod 22; the piston 21 is a non-cushioned piston; the inner end of the piston rod 22 and the piston 23 are assembled by spin riveting. After the piston 21 and the piston rod 22 are assembled, the piston is assembled and installed only in the piston cavity 13 together with corresponding sealing elements, and the sealing manner is conventional in the industry, and thus, the detailed description is omitted. The piston 21 of the pneumatic mechanism 2 is arranged in the corresponding piston cavity 13 of the cylinder 1, and divides the piston cavity 13 into an outer extending cavity 131 of an inner section and an outer retracting cavity 132 of an outer section, and the outer end of the piston rod 22 passes through the front cover 16 and then is detachably connected with the chuck 3. The inner end of each extension cavity 131 is respectively communicated with the annular air passage 142 of the extension loop 14, each retraction cavity 132 is respectively communicated with the annular air passage of the retraction loop 15, and injected gas can uniformly enter each piston cavity through the arrangement of the annular air passages.

The clamping head 3 is designed to be in a finger shape, and the external installation position of the clamping head is used for installing various different clamps. And to ensure the synchronism of the movement of the chucks 3. A central groove 17 and a slideway 18 are arranged on the end surface of one end of the cylinder body 1; the central groove 17 is arranged at the geometric center of the cylinder body 1, and the rotating shaft 6 is arranged in the central groove 17; the slide way 18 is arranged outside the end surface of the cylinder body and corresponds to the piston cavity 13. For mounting the synchronizing restraining mechanism 4.

The synchronization constraint mechanism 4 includes a dial 41, a slider 42, and a guide pin 43. The rotating disc 41 is a circular disc, a through hole is formed in the position of the center of the circle of the rotating disc so as to be assembled with the rotating shaft 6, four arc-shaped guide grooves 411 are formed in the rotating disc, the outer ends of the arc-shaped guide grooves 411 are horizontal to the inner end of the piston cavity 13, and the four arc-shaped guide grooves 411 are arranged in an annular array relative to the geometric center of the cylinder body 1. The inner end of the sliding block 42 is provided with a mounting hole, the middle section of the sliding block is provided with a guide groove, the outer end of the sliding block is connected with the chuck 3, the four sliding blocks 42 are arranged corresponding to the piston rod 22 of the pneumatic mechanism 2, the sliding block 42 is arranged in the slideway 18, during installation, the inner end of the sliding block 42 is assembled with the corresponding arc-shaped guide groove 411 through a pin shaft, the guide pin 43 is arranged in the guide groove of the middle section, the inner end of the guide pin 43 is fixed with the cylinder body 1, and the outer end of the sliding block 42 is connected with the corresponding chuck 3. When each pneumatic mechanism 2 works, the rotating disc 41 is matched with the sliding block 42 to ensure the synchronism of the extending and retracting of each chuck 3, and simultaneously, the stability of the linear motion of each chuck 3 is ensured through the matching of the guide groove of the sliding block 42 and the guide pin 43.

In this embodiment, in order to improve dustproof effect of draining, increase of service life, set up back lid 5 in the one end of cylinder body 1, the center of back lid 5 is equipped with the locating hole, and back lid and cylinder body 1 can be dismantled and be connected, and the locating hole is adjusted the installation with pivot 6 well, prevents that pivot 6 from droing, also can avoid synchronous restraint mechanism 4 and cylinder body to break away from. And the other end of the cylinder body 1 is externally provided with a telescopic pipe 7 and a clamping frame 8; the telescopic pipe 7 is sleeved outside the piston rod 22 and is arranged between the chuck 3 and the cylinder body 1; the clamping frame 8 covers the extension tube 7, and the inner end of the clamping frame 8 is connected with the cylinder body 1.

After the embodiment is put into use, a corresponding clamp is arranged outside each chuck, when the chuck is required to extend outwards, gas is injected from a first gas inlet outwards extending loop, the gas uniformly enters an outwards extending cavity of each piston cavity through the outwards extending loop, the gas pressure in the outwards extending cavity is increased, the piston moves outwards, the gas in a retraction cavity flows back from a second gas inlet, the chuck moves outwards, meanwhile, the turntable and the slide block move synchronously in the process, the slide blocks move synchronously through an arc-shaped guide groove structure on the turntable, the synchronous movement of the chuck is ensured, and the stability of the linear movement of each chuck is ensured through the matching of the guide groove in the middle section of the slide block and the guide pin. When the chucks need to retract, gas is injected from the second gas inlet, the gas pressure in the retraction cavity is increased, the piston retracts, the gas in the extension cavity flows back from the first gas inlet, the piston drives each chuck to retract through the piston rod, and the synchronous constraint mechanism works in the process to ensure the synchronism and the stability of the movement.

In addition, six or eight chucks can be arranged, the number of the piston cavities and the number of the pneumatic mechanisms correspond to the number of the chucks, and the positions of the piston cavities and the pneumatic mechanisms correspond to the positions of the chucks.

Compared with the existing product, each chuck of the invention is pushed by a respective pneumatic mechanism, and the pneumatic mechanisms have good synchronism, thus reducing the power transmitted by a mechanical structure and reducing the abrasion of parts. The synchronization is ensured through the arrangement of the synchronous constraint mechanism, and the centering effect is ensured; the device also has simple and compact integral structure and reduces the requirement on installation space; the chucks are symmetrically distributed in four directions, clamping jaws can be arranged according to requirements, the limitation of centering workpieces (both circular workpieces and rectangular workpieces can be used) is avoided, and the application range is enlarged; and add card frame and flexible pipe of rubber, improve dustproof and waterproof effect, increase of service life.

The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modification, equivalent replacement or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic centering device, its characterized in that: comprises a cylinder body, a pneumatic mechanism, a chuck and a synchronous constraint mechanism;

the cylinder body comprises a synchronous gas path and a plurality of piston cavities, and each piston cavity is communicated with the synchronous gas path;

the pneumatic mechanism comprises a piston and a piston rod; the pneumatic mechanisms are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the piston cavities, the pistons are arranged in the piston cavities to divide the piston cavities into an extending cavity and a retracting cavity, and the synchronous gas path uniformly distributes gas to each extending cavity or each retracting cavity; the inner end of the piston rod is connected with the piston, and the outer end of the piston rod is connected with the chuck;

the synchronous constraint mechanism comprises a rotary table and sliding blocks, the rotary table is arranged in the cylinder body, the inner end of each sliding block is connected with the rotary table, and the outer end of each sliding block is connected with the corresponding chuck, so that the movement synchronism of each chuck is improved.

2. A self-centering device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the synchronous gas circuit comprises an outward extending loop and a retracting loop, the outward extending loop is communicated with each outward extending cavity, and the retracting loop is communicated with each retracting cavity.

3. A self-centering device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the outward extending loop comprises a radial air passage and an annular air passage; the outer end of the radial air passage is communicated with the outside, and the inner end of the radial air passage is communicated with the annular air passage; the annular air passage and the cylinder body share the same geometric center; the retraction loop is identical in structure to the extension loop.

4. A self-centering device as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the piston cavity is arranged along the radial direction of the cylinder body, the inner end of the piston cavity is communicated with the annular air passage, the outer end of the piston cavity is sealed by a front cover, and a through hole is formed in the front cover so that the piston rod can pass through the through hole; the piston chambers are arranged in an annular array about a geometric center of the cylinder block.

5. A self-centering device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cylinder body also comprises a central groove and a slideway; the central groove is arranged at the geometric center of the cylinder body, and a rotating shaft is arranged in the central groove; the slide ways are arranged outside the end surface of the cylinder body, and each slide way is arranged corresponding to the piston cavity.

6. A self-centering device as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the turntable is a disc, a center hole is formed in the center of the turntable, a plurality of arc-shaped guide grooves are formed in the body of the turntable, and the arc-shaped guide grooves are arranged in an annular array around the center of the turntable; the turntable is assembled outside the rotating shaft through a center hole.

7. A self-centering device as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the sliding block comprises a guide groove, the sliding block is arranged in the slide way, the inner end of the sliding block is assembled with the arc-shaped guide groove of the rotary table through a pin shaft, and the outer end of the sliding block is connected with the chuck.

8. A self-centering device as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the cylinder body is characterized by further comprising a guide pin, and the guide pin penetrates through the guide groove to be connected with the entity of the cylinder body.

9. A self-centering device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the telescopic pipe and the clamping frame are further included; the telescopic pipe is sleeved outside the piston rod and arranged between the chuck and the cylinder body; the clamping frame covers the telescopic pipe, and the inner end of the clamping frame is connected with the cylinder body.

10. A self-centering device as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein: the cylinder body is detachably connected with the rear cover, and the rotating shaft is arranged in the cylinder body.