CN114619050A - Periodic structure, thermal insulation structure and additive manufacturing method - Google Patents
Periodic structure, thermal insulation structure and additive manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114619050A CN114619050A CN202011459559.2A CN202011459559A CN114619050A CN 114619050 A CN114619050 A CN 114619050A CN 202011459559 A CN202011459559 A CN 202011459559A CN 114619050 A CN114619050 A CN 114619050A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1103—Making porous workpieces or articles with particular physical characteristics
- B22F3/1115—Making porous workpieces or articles with particular physical characteristics comprising complex forms, e.g. honeycombs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The periodic structure is a three-period extremely-small curved surface structure and comprises a plurality of periodically-arranged lattice unit cells, the lattice unit cells are provided with a plurality of supporting rods arranged along different directions, the supporting rods are arranged in a cone shape, at least one edge interface of the periodic structure is a point array surface formed by a plurality of cone bottom surfaces, and the cone bottom surfaces are uniformly distributed on the boundary surface of the periodic structure. At least one side interface of the periodic structure provided by the invention is a point array surface formed by a plurality of cone bottom surfaces, so that the uniformity of heat conduction can be effectively increased, and meanwhile, the structure with the repeatedly alternating cross section size can also ensure that heat is not easy to dissipate. In addition, the invention can obtain more uniform effect on the stressed surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a periodic structure, a heat insulation structure and an additive manufacturing method.
Background
Additive manufacturing is an important branch of modern advanced manufacturing field, and is a manufacturing technology for manufacturing high-performance metal components by using filiform materials, powder and liquid as raw materials, using high-energy beams (laser, electric arc or electron beams and the like) as tools on the basis of a computer three-dimensional data model, and melting and stacking the materials layer by layer under the control of software and a numerical control system. Common technologies of a metal 3D printing device in the prior art are distinguished according to heat sources and materials, and include a Laser Selective area Melting technology (SLM), an Electron Beam Selective area Melting technology (EBSM), a Laser Solid Forming technology (LSF), an Electron Beam free deposition technology (EBFF), and an arc additive Manufacturing technology (WAAM).
On one hand, in order to further improve the performance of part design, such as light weight, high strength and other composite requirements, on the other hand, the advantages of a novel material increasing manufacturing technology are continuously exerted, the material increasing processing efficiency is continuously improved, and 3D printing of all solid parts is a very low matter. Thus, the study and exploration of small-sized, microscopic-sized (0.1mm-10mm) lattice materials and structural designs has become a new focus of various major research institutions and universities.
Some periodic structure lattice based on a truss support structure disclosed and provided by existing commercial 3D printing software, such as 3D printing software of Magics 21.0 of Materialise company, are characterized in that a unit structure module is generated based on vertices and edges of a polygonal structure, and a final part adopts a closed or developed model externally by repeatedly generating the periodic unit structure module in a three-dimensional space. As shown in fig. 1a to 1d, wherein fig. 1a is a periodic lattice structure based on a cube of 5 × 5 × 5 period; FIG. 1b is a 5 × 5 × 5 periodic 45-degree cube-based periodic structure; FIG. 1c is a regular dodecahedral-based periodic lattice structure of 5X 5 periods; FIG. 1d is a periodic lattice structure based on regular icosahedron of 5 × 5 × 5 period.
More advanced methods, such as the method disclosed in WO2019032449a1 for generating a lattice model based on three-cycle extremely small curved surfaces, have been described and exemplified for typical periodic functions such as hidden functions of Schoen Gyroid, Schwarz P and Schwarz D, whose structure exhibits superior strength at equivalent material and bulk density.
However, conventional three-cycle extremely small surfaces of Schwarz D and Schoen Gyroid perform well in strength performance, but do not perform uniformly on the boundary surface, as Schwarz D exhibits an equal-width diagonal of 45 degrees on the boundary, while Schoen Gyroid exhibits an integral of Sin and Cos trigonometric functions to the axis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a periodic structure, a heat insulation structure and an additive manufacturing method, which can solve the problem that the existing three-period extremely-small curved surfaces of Schwarz D type and Schoen Gyroid are not uniform on a boundary surface.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a periodic structure, wherein the periodic structure is a three-period extremely-small curved surface structure, the periodic structure comprises a plurality of periodically-arranged lattice unit cells, each lattice unit cell is provided with a plurality of supporting rods arranged along different directions, the supporting rods are arranged in a cone shape, at least one edge interface of the periodic structure is a point array surface formed by a plurality of cone bottom surfaces, and the cone bottom surfaces are uniformly distributed on the edge surface of the periodic structure.
Optionally, each boundary surface of the periodic structure is a point front composed of a plurality of pyramidal bottom surfaces.
Optionally, the periodic structure satisfies the following three-period minimum surface equation:
sin(x)sin(y)sin(z)+cos(x)cos(y)cos(z)＝K；
wherein sin is a trigonometric sine function, cos is a trigonometric cosine function, x, y and z are three coordinate values of a certain point in a three-dimensional space, and K is a constant term.
Optionally, the value range of K is [ -pi/2, pi/2 ].
Optionally, the boundary surface of the periodic structure includes a linear array surface composed of a plurality of sections of the cone, and the linear array surfaces are oppositely arranged on the boundary of the periodic structure.
Optionally, the periodic structure satisfies the following equation:
cos(y)sin(x-z)+sin(y)sin(x+z)＝K；
wherein sin is a trigonometric sine function, cos is a trigonometric cosine function, x, y and z are three coordinate values of a certain point in a three-dimensional space, and K is a constant term.
Optionally, the value range of K is [ -pi/2, pi/2 ].
Optionally, the cones in the periodic structure include top ends and bottom surfaces, and any two adjacent cones in the periodic structure are both arranged with top ends opposite or bottom surfaces opposite.
The invention also provides a heat insulation structure which comprises a plurality of periodic structures as described above, wherein each two adjacent cones connected at the bottom end form a heat storage unit; and a heat insulation area is formed at the joint of the top ends of every two adjacent cones.
The invention also provides an additive manufacturing method, the method comprising:
selecting a three-cycle minimal surface equation, and generating a three-cycle minimal surface model according to the three-cycle minimal surface equation, wherein the three-cycle minimal surface model comprises a plurality of periodic structures;
generating a solid model of the part to be manufactured;
generating a solid lattice model according to the three-period extremely-small curved surface model and the solid model; and
and performing additive manufacturing on the part according to the solid lattice model.
Optionally, the method for generating the three-cycle minimal surface model according to the three-cycle minimal surface equation includes:
determining equation parameters of the three-period extremely-small curved surface;
according to the equation parameters, materializing to generate a monocycle lattice model; and
and generating a three-period extremely-small curved surface model according to the single-period lattice model.
Optionally, the method for generating a solid lattice model according to the three-cycle infinitesimal surface model and the solid model includes:
determining a generation mode of the entity model entering a lattice structure; and
and performing Boolean operation on the three-period extremely-small curved surface model and the solid model and performing discretization processing to generate a solid lattice model.
Optionally, after generating the solid lattice model, the method further comprises:
locally processing and/or adding detail to the solid lattice model.
Optionally, the method for performing additive manufacturing of a part according to the solid lattice model includes:
slicing the solid lattice model to obtain slice data;
determining process parameters of additive manufacturing; and
and finishing the additive manufacturing of the part according to the slicing data and the process parameters.
Compared with the prior art, the periodic structure, the heat insulation structure and the additive manufacturing method provided by the invention have the following advantages:
(1) at least one side interface of the periodic structure provided by the invention is a point array surface formed by a plurality of cone bottom surfaces, so that the uniformity of heat conduction can be effectively increased, and meanwhile, the structure with the repeatedly alternating cross section size can also ensure that heat is not easy to dissipate. In addition, the bottom surfaces of the cones are uniformly distributed on the boundary surface of the periodic structure, so that the periodic structure can obtain a more uniform effect on a force-bearing surface.
(2) The heat insulation structure provided by the invention comprises a plurality of periodic structures as described above, so that the heat insulation structure provided by the invention has excellent heat conduction uniformity and heat insulation effect, and more uniform effect can be obtained on a stressed surface.
(3) Due to the additive manufacturing method provided by the invention, the periodic structure is adopted as the support structure of the part, so that the part manufactured by the additive manufacturing method provided by the invention has excellent heat conduction uniformity and heat insulation effect, and a more uniform effect can be obtained on a stressed surface.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a cube-based periodic lattice structure;
FIG. 1b is a periodic lattice structure based on 45 degree cubes;
FIG. 1c is a schematic diagram of a regular dodecahedron-based periodic lattice structure;
FIG. 1d is a schematic diagram of a regular icosahedron-based periodic lattice structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a periodic structure in a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a lattice unit cell in the periodic structure shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a periodic structure in a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of an additive manufacturing method in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of a physical lattice model and a partially enlarged structure thereof according to an embodiment of the invention.
Wherein the reference numbers are as follows:
a support rod-101; a connecting surface-102; a body portion-103; a connecting part-104.
Detailed Description
The periodic structure, the thermal insulation structure and the additive manufacturing method according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to fig. 2 to 6 and the detailed description. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all used in a non-precise scale for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly aiding in the description of the embodiments of the present invention. To make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, reference is made to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the implementation conditions of the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
The core idea of the invention is to provide a periodic structure, a heat insulation structure and an additive manufacturing method, so as to solve the problem that the existing three-period extremely-small curved surfaces of Schwarz D type and Schoen Gyroid are not uniform on the boundary surface.
In order to realize the idea, the invention provides a periodic structure which is a three-period extremely-small curved surface structure. The description of the infinitesimal surface is mathematically done in two ways, from an area perspective and a curvature perspective. Describing from the angle of the area, the minimum curved surface refers to the curved surface with the minimum area under all external constraint conditions (the constraint conditions can be perimeter information of the curved surface, some external stress working conditions and other factors), so that the minimum curved surface can be seen from the area part to have excellent physical performance; from the perspective of curvature, a minimal surface refers to a surface with an average curvature of 0, the average curvature is defined as a point in space that certainly has a maximum curvature and a minimum curvature on any surface, the two curvature values are called the principal curvature of the point on a surface, the average curvature is the average of the principal curvatures, and if the average curvature of all points on a surface of a surface in space is 0, the surface is called a minimal surface. A three-cycle minimal surface can be viewed as a periodic minimal surface function. "three periods" means that the curved surface shape along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions in Euclidean space shows periodic variation. Because the three-cycle extremely-small curved surface has the advantages of porosity, smoothness, connectivity, diversity, controllability and the like, the three-cycle extremely-small curved surface has more excellent strength under the condition of the same material and density.
The periodic structure comprises a plurality of lattice unit cells which are periodically arranged, each lattice unit cell is provided with a plurality of support rods which are arranged along different directions, each support rod is arranged in a cone shape, at least one side interface of the periodic structure is a point array surface formed by a plurality of cone bottom surfaces, and the cone bottom surfaces are uniformly distributed on the boundary surface of the periodic structure. At least one side interface of the periodic structure provided by the invention is a point array surface formed by a plurality of cone bottom surfaces, so that the uniformity of heat conduction can be effectively increased, and meanwhile, the structure with the repeatedly alternating cross section size can also ensure that heat is not easy to dissipate. In addition, the bottom surfaces of the plurality of cones are uniformly distributed on the boundary surface of the periodic structure, so that the periodic structure provided by the invention can obtain a more uniform effect on a force-bearing surface.
Preferably, the cones in the periodic structure include top ends and bottom surfaces, and any two adjacent cones in the periodic structure are both arranged with top ends opposite or bottom surfaces opposite. The supporting rods in the periodic structure comprise top ends and bottom surfaces, and any two adjacent supporting rods in the periodic structure are arranged oppositely at the top ends or arranged oppositely at the bottom surfaces.
Preferably, in some embodiments, each boundary surface of the periodic structure is a point front composed of a plurality of pyramidal base surfaces.
Preferably, the periodic structure satisfies the following three-period minimum surface equation:
sin(x)sin(y)sin(z)+cos(x)cos(y)cos(z)＝K (1)
wherein sin is a trigonometric sine function, cos is a trigonometric cosine function, x, y and z are three coordinate values of a certain point in a three-dimensional space, and K is a constant term. By changing the constant term K, the average diameter of the support rods can be changed, and the diameter of the gap can be controlled.
Preferably, the value range of K is [ -pi/2, pi/2 ].
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, fig. 2 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a periodic structure in a first embodiment of the present invention, that is, a schematic diagram of a periodic structure satisfying the three-cycle infinitesimal surface equation (1); fig. 3 shows schematically the structure of a lattice unit cell in the periodic structure shown in fig. 2. As shown in fig. 3, the lattice unit cell includes a main body 103 with a regular tetrahedron cross section, four vertices of the main body 103 are respectively connected with a connecting portion 104 with a substantially regular triangle cross section, three vertices of the connecting portion 104 are respectively connected with a supporting rod 101 with a cone shape, wherein a pair of mutually orthogonal connecting surfaces 102 (i.e. cone bottom surfaces) for connecting with other lattice unit cells are arranged at free ends of the supporting rod 101. As shown in fig. 2, the periodic structure includes two lattice unit cells as shown in fig. 3 along each of the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis, six boundary surfaces of the periodic structure are all lattice planes formed by a plurality of pyramidal base surfaces, and the pyramidal base surfaces are uniformly distributed on the boundary surfaces of the periodic structure. The periodic structure that this embodiment provided can effectively increase the homogeneity of heat conduction, and the structure that the cross-section size was alternated repeatedly also can guarantee that the heat is difficult for effluvium simultaneously. In addition, the bottom surfaces of the cones are uniformly distributed on the boundary surface of the periodic structure, so that the periodic structure provided by the invention can obtain more uniform effect on a force-bearing surface. It should be noted that, given a schematic diagram of a periodic structure with a period of 2 × 2 × 2, one skilled in the art should understand that the periodic structure may include any period, i.e., the periodic structure may extend infinitely in the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
Preferably, in some embodiments, the boundary surface of the periodic structure includes a linear array surface composed of a plurality of sections of the cone, and the linear array surfaces are oppositely arranged on the boundary of the periodic structure.
Preferably, the periodic structure satisfies the following three-period minimum surface equation:
cos(y)sin(x-z)+sin(y)sin(x+z)＝K (2)
wherein sin is a trigonometric sine function, cos is a trigonometric cosine function, x, y and z are three coordinate values of a certain point in a three-dimensional space, and K is a constant term. By changing the constant term K, the average diameter of the support rods can be changed, and the diameter of the gap can be controlled.
Preferably, the value range of K is [ -pi/2, pi/2 ].
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic diagram of a periodic structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention, i.e., a schematic diagram of a periodic structure satisfying the three-cycle infinitesimal surface equation (2), is schematically shown. As shown in fig. 4, the periodic structure includes two lattice unit cells in which the two support rods 101 are arranged in a cone shape along the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis, the connection surface 102 of the support rod 101 is a cone bottom surface, the front and rear boundary surfaces of the periodic structure are linear array surfaces formed by the cross sections of a plurality of cones, the left, right, upper and lower boundary surfaces of the periodic structure are point fronts formed by a plurality of cone bottom surfaces, and the plurality of cone bottom surfaces are uniformly distributed on the boundary surfaces of the periodic structure. The periodic structure that this embodiment provided can effectively increase the homogeneity of heat conduction, and the structure that the cross-section size was alternated repeatedly also can guarantee that the heat is difficult for effluvium simultaneously. In addition, the bottom surfaces of the cones are uniformly distributed on the boundary surface of the periodic structure, so that the periodic structure provided by the invention can obtain more uniform effect on a force-bearing surface. It should be noted that, given a schematic diagram of a periodic structure with a period of 2 × 2 × 2, one skilled in the art should understand that the periodic structure may include any period, i.e., the periodic structure may extend infinitely in the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
To achieve the above idea, the present invention further provides a thermal insulation structure comprising a plurality of periodic structures as described above, wherein: every two adjacent cones with the bottom ends connected form a heat storage unit; and a heat insulation area is formed at the joint of the top ends of every two adjacent cones. The heat insulation structure provided by the invention comprises a plurality of periodic structures, and each two adjacent cones with the bottom ends connected form a heat storage unit; the top end connecting part of every two adjacent cones forms a heat insulation area, so that the structural arrangement can increase the uniformity of heat conduction and ensure that heat is not easy to dissipate, and the heat insulation structure provided by the invention has excellent uniformity of heat conduction and heat insulation effect and can obtain more uniform effect on a stressed surface.
To achieve the foregoing idea, the present invention further provides an additive manufacturing method, please refer to fig. 5, which schematically shows a flowchart of an additive manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, the method comprises the steps of:
step S1: and selecting a three-cycle minimal surface equation, and generating a three-cycle minimal surface model according to the three-cycle minimal surface equation.
The three-period extremely-small curved surface model comprises a plurality of periodic structures, namely the three-period extremely-small curved surface generated by the step comprises a plurality of lattice unit cells which are periodically arranged, each lattice unit cell is provided with a plurality of supporting rods which are arranged along different directions, the supporting rods are arranged in a cone shape, at least one edge interface of each periodic structure is a point array surface formed by a plurality of cone bottom surfaces, and the cone bottom surfaces are uniformly distributed on the boundary surface of each periodic structure. Because the periodic structure takes the lattice formed by the bottom surfaces of the cones as a contact surface, the uniformity of heat conduction can be effectively increased, and meanwhile, the structure with the repeatedly alternated cross sections can ensure that heat is not easy to dissipate. In addition, the bottom surfaces of the plurality of cones are uniformly distributed on the boundary surface of the periodic structure, so that the periodic structure can obtain more uniform effect on a force-bearing surface.
In some embodiments, the three-cycle infinitesimal surface equation selected in this step may be:
sin(x)sin(y)sin(z)+cos(x)cos(y)cos(z)＝K (1)
wherein sin is a trigonometric sine function, cos is a trigonometric cosine function, x, y and z are three coordinate values of a certain point in a three-dimensional space, and K is a constant term. By changing the constant term K, the average diameter of the support rods can be changed, and the diameter of the gap can be controlled.
Wherein, the value range of K is [ -pi/2, pi/2 ].
In some other embodiments, the three-cycle infinitesimal surface equation selected in this step may also be:
cos(y)sin(x-z)+sin(y)sin(x+z)＝K (2)
wherein sin is a trigonometric sine function, cos is a trigonometric cosine function, x, y and z are three coordinate values of a certain point in a three-dimensional space, and K is a constant term. By changing the constant term K, the average diameter of the support rods can be changed, and the diameter of the gap can be controlled.
Preferably, in this step, the method for generating a three-cycle infinitesimal surface model according to the three-cycle infinitesimal surface equation may include:
determining equation parameters of the three-period extremely-small curved surface;
according to the equation parameters, materializing to generate a monocycle lattice model; and
and generating a three-period extremely-small curved surface model according to the single-period lattice model.
Wherein the equation parameters include the magnitude of the K value, porosity, periodicity coefficient, and lattice size. The file format of the three-cycle infinitesimal surface model may be STL, IGES, or STEP. The mathematical software Wolfram can be used for materialization to generate a monocycle lattice model.
Step S2: a solid model of the part to be manufactured is generated.
The solid model of the part to be manufactured can be generated by using three-dimensional software in the prior art, which is not described in detail in the present invention. It should be noted that the order of step S1 and step S2 may be interchanged, that is, step S1 may be executed before step S2, after step S2, or simultaneously with step S2, which is not limited in the present invention.
Step S3: and generating a solid lattice model according to the three-period infinitesimal surface model and the solid model.
From the solid model, the boundaries of the solid lattice model to be generated can be determined.
Referring to fig. 6, a schematic diagram of a physical lattice model and a partially enlarged structure thereof according to an embodiment of the invention is shown. As shown in fig. 6, the solid lattice model is composed of a plurality of groups of lattice unit cells, each lattice unit cell includes a plurality of support rods 101 arranged in different directions, the support rods 101 are arranged in a cone shape, a connecting surface 102 of each support rod 101 is a bottom surface of the cone, and at least one edge interface of the solid lattice model is a point front surface formed by the bottom surfaces of the cones of the plurality of support rods.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
determining a generation mode of the entity model entering a lattice structure; and
and performing Boolean operation on the three-period extremely-small curved surface model and the solid model and performing discretization processing to generate a solid lattice model.
The generation mode of the entity model entering the lattice structure comprises an open mode and a closed mode, wherein the open mode is that all entity areas are subjected to lattice generation; the closed type is that a layer of solid shell is reserved in the boundary area of all the solids, and crystal lattices are generated in the area inside the shell. Related algorithms for discretization include Delaunay triangulation or Voronoi network partitioning.
Step S4: and performing additive manufacturing on the part according to the solid lattice model.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
slicing the solid lattice model to obtain slice data;
determining process parameters of additive manufacturing; and
and finishing the additive manufacturing of the part according to the slicing data and the process parameters.
In particular, the slicing process for the solid model may be accomplished using existing slicing software. In the invention, the slices can be horizontally arranged or vertically arranged.
Before slicing processing, firstly setting a slicing software platform, such as setting process parameters and a scanning mode; the growth direction is determined, and the support is set. The material which can be applied to the additive manufacturing in the invention is a metal material such as stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy and the like, and can also be a non-metal material such as plastic, nylon resin and the like. The additive manufacturing in the present invention can be performed in existing additive manufacturing equipment, such as germany EOS, etc., and the adopted processing methods can include SLM (selective laser melting technology), EBSM (selective electron beam melting technology), LSF (laser stereolithography technology), FDM (process fused deposition manufacturing), EBFF (electron beam fuse deposition technology), WAAM (arc additive manufacturing technology), SLS (selective laser sintering), etc.
Preferably, the additive manufacturing in the invention can be carried out under the protection of inert gas, after the part is formed, loose powder on the part can be blown off, the substrate and the part are separated by using linear cutting, the part is subjected to sand blasting treatment, ultrasonic cleaning is carried out, and the outer surface of the part is subjected to electrochemical corrosion, film coating or metal plating treatment.
Preferably, the method further comprises locally processing and/or adding detail to the solid lattice model prior to performing step S4. Wherein the local treatment comprises local reinforcement or thinning; additional details include chamfering, rounding, machining holes, machining threaded holes, and the like.
The corresponding step S4 is: and performing additive manufacturing on the part according to the solid lattice model subjected to local processing and/or added details.
In summary, due to the additive manufacturing method provided by the invention, the periodic structure is adopted as the support structure of the part, so that the part manufactured by the additive manufacturing method provided by the invention has excellent heat conduction uniformity and heat insulation effect, and a more uniform effect can be obtained on a stressed surface.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the periodic structure, the heat insulation structure and the additive manufacturing method provided by the invention have the following advantages:
(1) at least one side interface of the periodic structure provided by the invention is a point array surface formed by a plurality of cone bottom surfaces, so that the uniformity of heat conduction can be effectively increased, and meanwhile, the structure with the repeatedly alternating cross section size can also ensure that heat is not easy to dissipate. In addition, the bottom surfaces of the cones are uniformly distributed on the boundary surface of the periodic structure, so that the periodic structure can obtain a more uniform effect on a force-bearing surface.
(2) The heat insulation structure provided by the invention comprises a plurality of periodic structures, so that the heat insulation structure provided by the invention has excellent heat conduction uniformity and heat insulation effect, and more uniform effect can be obtained on a stressed surface.
(3) Due to the additive manufacturing method provided by the invention, the periodic structure is adopted as the support structure of the part, so that the part manufactured by the additive manufacturing method provided by the invention has excellent heat conduction uniformity and heat insulation effect, and a more uniform effect can be obtained on a stressed surface.
The above description is only for the purpose of describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any variations and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure are within the scope of the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (13)
1. The periodic structure is characterized in that the periodic structure is a three-period extremely-small curved surface structure and comprises a plurality of periodically-arranged lattice unit cells, the lattice unit cells are provided with a plurality of supporting rods arranged along different directions, the supporting rods are arranged in a cone shape, at least one edge interface of the periodic structure is a point array surface formed by a plurality of cone bottom surfaces, and the cone bottom surfaces are uniformly distributed on the edge surface of the periodic structure.
2. The periodic structure of claim 1, wherein each boundary surface of the periodic structure is a point front composed of a plurality of pyramidal bases.
3. The periodic structure of claim 1, wherein the boundary surface of the periodic structure comprises a linear array surface consisting of sections of a plurality of said cones, said linear array surfaces being oppositely disposed on the boundary of the periodic structure.
4. The periodic structure of claim 1, wherein the cones in the periodic structure comprise top ends and bottom surfaces, and any two adjacent cones in the periodic structure are both oppositely arranged at the top ends or oppositely arranged at the bottom surfaces.
5. The periodic structure of claim 2, wherein the periodic structure satisfies the following three-cycle minimal surface equation:
sin(x)sin(y)sin(z)+cos(x)cos(y)cos(z)＝K；
wherein sin is a trigonometric sine function, cos is a trigonometric cosine function, x, y and z are three coordinate values of a certain point in a three-dimensional space, and K is a constant term.
6. The periodic structure of claim 3, wherein the periodic structure satisfies the following equation:
cos(y)sin(x-z)+sin(y)sin(x+z)＝K；
wherein sin is a trigonometric sine function, cos is a trigonometric cosine function, x, y and z are three coordinate values of a certain point in a three-dimensional space, and K is a constant term.
7. The periodic structure of claim 5 or 6, wherein K has a value in the range of [ -pi/2, pi/2 ].
8. An insulation structure, characterized by comprising a number of periodic structures according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein:
every two adjacent cones with the bottom ends connected form a heat storage unit;
and a heat insulation area is formed at the joint of the top ends of every two adjacent cones.
9. A method of additive manufacturing, the method comprising:
selecting a three-cycle minimal surface equation and generating a three-cycle minimal surface model according to the three-cycle minimal surface equation, wherein the three-cycle minimal surface model comprises a plurality of periodic structures according to any one of claims 1 to 7;
generating a solid model of the part to be manufactured;
generating a solid lattice model according to the three-period extremely-small curved surface model and the solid model; and
and performing additive manufacturing on the part according to the solid lattice model.
10. The additive manufacturing method of claim 9, wherein the method of generating a three-cycle infinitesimal surface model from the three-cycle infinitesimal surface equation comprises:
determining equation parameters of the three-period extremely-small curved surface;
according to the equation parameters, materializing to generate a monocycle lattice model; and
and generating a three-period extremely-small curved surface model according to the single-period lattice model.
11. The additive manufacturing method of claim 9, wherein the method of generating a solid lattice model from the three-cycle infinitesimal surface model and the solid model comprises:
determining a generation mode of the entity model entering a lattice structure; and
and performing Boolean operation on the three-period extremely-small curved surface model and the solid model and performing discretization processing to generate a solid lattice model.
12. The additive manufacturing method of claim 9, wherein after generating the solid lattice model, the method further comprises:
locally processing and/or adding detail to the solid lattice model.
13. The additive manufacturing method of claim 9, wherein the method of additive manufacturing of a part according to the solid lattice model comprises:
slicing the solid lattice model to obtain slice data;
determining process parameters of additive manufacturing; and
and finishing the additive manufacturing of the part according to the slicing data and the process parameters.
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