CN114616098A - 复合玻璃板 - Google Patents

复合玻璃板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114616098A
CN114616098A CN202180004403.1A CN202180004403A CN114616098A CN 114616098 A CN114616098 A CN 114616098A CN 202180004403 A CN202180004403 A CN 202180004403A CN 114616098 A CN114616098 A CN 114616098A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
glass pane
coating
applied directly
composite
outer side
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN202180004403.1A
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English (en)
Inventor
S·吉列森
L·施玛德克
J·多罗萨里奥
R·贝斯勒
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE202020105642.5U external-priority patent/DE202020105642U1/de
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of CN114616098A publication Critical patent/CN114616098A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

本发明涉及复合玻璃板(1)及其制造方法。所述复合玻璃板（1）包括由具有外侧表面(I)和内部空间侧表面(II)的外玻璃板(2)、具有外侧表面(III)和内部空间侧表面(IV)的内玻璃板(3)以及至少一个连接外玻璃板(2)的内部空间侧表面(II)与内玻璃板(3)的外侧表面(III)的热塑性中间层(4)构成的层压的堆叠序列，其中将可加热元件(5)直接施加在外玻璃板(2)的内部空间侧表面上(II)或在内玻璃板(3)的外侧表面(III)上，和将反射热辐射的涂层(6)直接施加在内玻璃板(3)的内部空间侧表面(IV)上和/或将反射热辐射的涂层(6)直接施加在外玻璃板(2)的外侧表面(I)上。

Description

复合玻璃板
本发明涉及一种可电加热的复合玻璃板及其制造方法。
具有电加热层的玻璃板是已知的并且已经在专利文献中多次描述。仅示例性地，在这方面可参考DE 102008018147 A1、DE 102008029986 A1和WO 00/7263 A1。在机动车辆中，它们经常用作挡风玻璃，因为由于法律规定，除加热丝外，中央视野不允许有任何视觉限制。通过由加热层产生的热，可以在短时间内去除凝结的水分、冰和雪。这种玻璃板大都制造为复合玻璃板，其中两个单片玻璃板通过热塑性粘合层彼此连接。加热层可以施加在单片玻璃板的内表面之一上，但是其中也已知位于布置在两个单片玻璃板之间的载体上的结构。或者，复合玻璃板也可以借助于加热丝来加热。DE 103 52 464 A1中公开了一种具有可加热丝的复合玻璃板。
在交通工具中，根据现有技术的可加热复合玻璃板是一个大的耗电器。在根据现有技术的可加热复合玻璃板中，加热元件，即加热丝或可加热层，通常布置在内玻璃板的外侧上。在施加电压时，加热元件加热并且热通过热传导传输到复合玻璃板的热塑性中间层、外玻璃板和内玻璃板中。由于玻璃通常比热塑性中间层更好地导热，因此布置在内玻璃板外侧上的加热元件的热主要传导至内玻璃板而几乎不经由热塑性中间层传导至外玻璃板。标准玻璃的发射率约为 80% 至 90%。因此，对于根据现有技术的可加热复合玻璃板，外玻璃板的外侧通常不如内玻璃板的内侧热。因此，消耗大量能量用以去除外玻璃板外侧上的冰和雪。
EP 2 718 098 B1中公开了一种具有可加热的第一涂层和第二涂层的复合玻璃板，其中第二涂层具有低发射率。US 2009/0104385 A1中公开了一种具有抗反射涂层和具有其他功能的涂层的复合玻璃板。
本发明的目的在于，提供一种复合玻璃板，其是可电加热的并且其中加热功能得到改善。
根据本发明的建议，所述目的通过根据权利要求1的复合玻璃板和根据权利要求15的方法得以实现。本发明的有利设计方案由从属权利要求得出。
本发明涉及一种复合玻璃板，其至少包括由具有外侧表面和内部空间侧表面的外玻璃板、具有外侧表面和内部空间侧表面的内玻璃板以及至少一个连接外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面与内玻璃板的外侧表面的热塑性中间层构成的层压堆叠序列。
根据本发明，将可加热元件直接施加在外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面上或在内玻璃板的外侧表面上。
此外，根据本发明，将反射热辐射的涂层直接施加在内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面上和/或将反射热辐射的涂层直接施加在外玻璃板的外侧表面上。
提供复合玻璃板用于在窗户开口中将内部空间，特别是交通工具或建筑物的内部空间相对于外部环境分开。复合玻璃板是层压件并且包括第一和第二玻璃质玻璃板，它们在本发明的意义上被称为外玻璃板和内玻璃板并且通过热塑性中间层彼此连接。在本发明的意义上，内玻璃板是指在安装位置面向内部空间的玻璃板。外玻璃板是指在安装位置面向外部环境的玻璃板。在本发明的意义上，内部空间侧表面(内侧表面或内侧的内面)被理解为是指玻璃板的在安装位置面向内部空间的那个表面。在本发明的意义上，外侧表面（或外侧或外面）被理解为是指玻璃板的在安装位置面向外部环境的那个表面。
玻璃质玻璃板的表面通常如下称谓：
外玻璃板的外侧表面称为侧I。外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面称为侧 II。内玻璃板的外侧表面称为侧III。内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面称为侧IV。
外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面II和内玻璃板的外侧表面III彼此面对并且借助于至少一个热塑性中间层彼此连接。
根据本发明，将反射热辐射的涂层直接施加在内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面IV上和/或直接施加在外玻璃板的外侧表面I上。例如由WO2013/131667A1已知这样的涂层。反射热辐射的涂层也可以被称为低发射率涂层、降低发射率的涂层、降低热辐射的涂层、低E涂层或低E层。它的任务是反射热辐射，即特别是波长比太阳辐射的红外分量更长的红外辐射。
反射热辐射的涂层优选在内玻璃板的整个内部空间侧表面 IV上和/或在外玻璃板的整个外侧表面 I上延伸。
也可行的是，反射热辐射的涂层仅在内玻璃板的内部空间侧IV的一部分上和/或在外玻璃板的外侧表面I的仅一部分上延伸。
在一个实施方式中，将保护层施加在反射热辐射的涂层上。该任选的保护层用于防止腐蚀和/或损坏。
在本发明的一个特别有利的设计方案中，将可加热元件直接施加在内玻璃板的外侧表面III上并且将反射热辐射的涂层直接施加在内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面 IV上。
在本发明的另一有利设计方案中，将可加热元件直接施加在外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面 II上并且将反射热辐射的涂层直接施加在内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面 IV上。
在本发明的另一有利设计方案中，将可加热元件直接施加在外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面 II上并且将反射热辐射的涂层直接施加在外玻璃板的外侧表面 I上。
在本发明的另一有利设计方案中，将可加热元件直接施加在内玻璃板的外侧表面III上并且将反射热辐射的涂层直接施加在外玻璃板的外侧表面 I上。
在本发明的另一有利设计方案中，将可加热元件直接施加在内玻璃板的外侧表面III上，将反射热辐射的涂层直接施加在内玻璃板的外侧表面 IV上，并将反射热辐射的涂层直接施加在外玻璃板的外侧表面 I上。
在本发明的另一有利设计方案中，将可加热元件直接施加在外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面 II上，将反射热辐射的涂层直接施加在内玻璃板的外侧表面 IV上，并将反射热辐射的涂层直接施加在外玻璃板的外侧表面 I上。
对于反射热辐射的涂层在内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面IV上的布置，其防止被可加热元件加热的内玻璃板向内的热辐射。由此减少散发到内部空间中的热辐射并且更有效地加热复合玻璃板。
对于反射热辐射的涂层在外玻璃板的外侧表面I上的布置，其防止被可加热元件加热的外玻璃板向外的热辐射。由此减少散发到外部环境中的热辐射并且更有效地加热复合玻璃板。
对于反射热辐射的涂层在内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面IV上并且反射热辐射的涂层在外玻璃板的外侧表面I上的布置，可以防止被可加热元件加热的内玻璃板向内的热辐射和被可加热元件加热的外玻璃板向外的热辐射，从而特别有效地加热复合玻璃板并且减少热辐射散发到外部环境或内部空间中。
如上所述，在根据本发明的复合玻璃板中，通过内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面IV上的反射热辐射的涂层减少了散发到内部空间中的热辐射和/或通过外玻璃板的外侧表面I上的反射热辐射的涂层减少了散发到外部环境中的热辐射，由此比根据现有技术的复合玻璃板更有效地加热复合玻璃板。对于相同的加热效果，根据本发明的复合玻璃板比根据现有技术的复合玻璃板消耗更少的电。更早实现相同的加热效果或必须提供更少的功率，以在一定时间内获得相同的加热效果。
通过内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面IV上的反射热辐射的涂层和/或通过外玻璃板的外侧表面I上的反射热辐射的涂层减少了在寒冷的外部温度下热辐射从交通工具内部空间散发到外部环境中，以及减少了热辐射或冷辐射到交通工具内部空间中。由此减小了所谓的冷壁效应。
可加热元件可以形成为可加热涂层。
可加热涂层优选包括具有至少一个嵌入介电氧化物层或氮化物层之间的金属层，特别是至少一个金属银层的层体系。
或者，可加热元件可以形成为至少一根可加热丝，其中优选钨丝。
在一个特别优选的实施方式中，可加热元件是作为至少一根钨丝形成的。也就是说，可加热元件特别优选地是作为钨丝或多根钨丝的布置形成的。
例如，可加热元件也可以是以印刷银丝的形式形成的。
形成为可加热涂层的可加热元件优选地在外玻璃板的减去宽度为1mm至50cm，优选2mm至20cm并且特别优选1cm至20cm的周向的、框架状的无涂层区域的整个内部空间侧表面II上或在内玻璃板的减去宽度为1mm至50cm，优选2mm至20cm并且特别优选1cm至20cm的周向的、框架状的无涂层区域的整个外侧表面 III上延伸。无涂层的边缘区域通过用热塑性中间层粘合来严密密封。由此有利地保护可加热涂层免受损坏和腐蚀，其特别是源自复合玻璃板的边缘。
或者，可加热涂层也可以在外玻璃板的整个内部空间侧表面II上或在内玻璃板的整个外侧表面III上延伸。
任选地，旨在确保电磁辐射传输通过复合玻璃板的作为通信-、传感器-或摄像头窗口的局部区域不具有可加热涂层和/或不具有反射热辐射的涂层。
可加热涂层和反射热辐射的涂层各自是透明的功能涂层，其提供用于使玻璃板表面具有改变的性质。如果涂层在可见光谱范围内的平均透射率为至少 70%，优选至少 80%，并由此基本上不限制通过交通工具玻璃板的透视，则该涂层在本发明意义上被认为是透明的。可加热涂层和反射热辐射的涂层各自特别是薄膜涂层，即形成为薄层或薄层堆叠。
可加热涂层是导电涂层，当它电接触时，电流流过该涂层。电导性特别通过如下来提供，即，涂层的一个或多个单层形成为导电层，例如基于金属，特别是基于银，或者例如基于金、铝或铜。除了至少一个导电层外，通常还有介电层，其例如应作为抗反射层提高透光率、应作为适配层改善导电层的结晶性或应作为平滑层改善至于其上的层的表面结构。介电层的常用材料包括氮化硅、氧化钛、氮化铝、氧化锡、氧化锌、锡锌混合氧化物和氧化硅。
可加热涂层的导电层的厚度优选为5 nm至50 nm，特别优选8 nm至25 nm。在该导电层厚度范围内，有利地在可见光谱范围内实现高透射率并且实现特别有利的电导性。
通常，将至少一个介电层布置在可加热涂层的两个相邻导电层之间。优选地，另一介电层布置在第一导电层之下和/或最后的导电层之上。介电层包含至少一个介电材料单层，所述介电材料例如为氮化物如氮化硅或氧化物如氧化铝。然而，介电层也可以包括多个单层，例如介电材料的单层、平滑层、适配层、阻挡层和/或抗反射层。介电层的厚度例如为10nm至200nm。
该层结构通常通过一系列沉积过程获得，这些通过真空方法如磁场辅助的阴极溅射来进行。
可加热涂层是例如从WO2013/104438 A1、WO2013/104439 A1或WO 2016/020113A1已知的。
例如，可加热涂层也可以是WO 2019/179683 A1或WO 2020/094422 A1中描述的导电涂层之一。
反射热辐射的涂层优选包括含有透明导电氧化物(TCO)的功能层，优选氧化铟锡(ITO，indium tin oxide)、掺杂有锑或氟的氧化锡和/或掺杂有镓和/或铝的氧化锌(ZnO:Ga, 或ZnO: Al)，其中优选氧化铟锡。然而，功能层还可以包含其他导电氧化物，例如掺氟氧化锡(SnO2:F)、掺锑氧化锡(SnO2:Sb)、铟锌混合氧化物 (IZO)、掺镓或掺铝氧化锌、掺铌氧化钛、锡酸镉和/或锡酸锌。由此在根据本发明的涂层的发射率和可弯曲性方面实现了特别好的结果。功能层材料的折射率优选为1.7至2.5。
氧化铟锡优选借助于磁场辅助的阴极溅射与氧化铟锡靶材一起沉积。该靶材优选包含75重量％至95重量％的氧化铟和5重量％至25重量％的氧化锡以及制造造成的混合物。掺锡氧化铟的沉积优选在保护性气体气氛例如氩气下进行。也可以向保护气体中添加小比例的氧气，例如以改善功能层的均匀性。
或者，优选地，靶材可以包含至少75重量%至95重量%的铟和5重量%至25重量%的锡。那么，氧化铟锡的沉积优选在阴极溅射期间添加氧作为反应气体的情况下进行。
反射热辐射的涂层此外通常还包括介电层，特别是由介电氧化物或氮化物形成，如ZnO、SnZnO、AlN、TiO2、SiO2或Si3N4。反射性导电氧化物的层通过在上方和下方使用额外的介电层而抗反射，以确保内侧的足够低的反射。
根据本发明的玻璃板的发射率可通过反射热辐射的涂层的功能层的厚度来影响。该功能层的厚度优选为 40 nm 至 200 nm，特别优选 60 nm 至 150 nm 并且非常特别优选65 nm 至 85 nm，例如约 75 nm。在该厚度范围内实现特别有利的发射率值和特别有利的反射热辐射的涂层承受机械变形（如弯曲或预应力）而不会损坏的能力。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板的内部空间侧的发射率优选小于或等于50％，特别优选10％至50％，非常特别优选10％至35％。在此，内部空间侧的发射率是指给出了与理想热辐射体（黑体）相比玻璃板在安装位置散发多少热辐射到（例如建筑物或交通工具的）内部空间中的量度。在本发明的意义上，将发射率理解为是指根据标准EN 12898在283 K下的法向发射率。
在本发明的一个设计方案中，可加热元件，如上所述，可以形成为可加热涂层或形成为可加热线，连接至电压源，以传导电流通过可加热元件，该可加热元件由此加热。作为电压，尤其考虑在交通工具领域中常见的车载电压，例如 12 V 至 14 V，或在电动交通工具的情况下，典型的最高至 500 V的车载电压。为了连接到电压源，可加热元件优选具有汇流排（母线），其可以与电压源的电极连接。例如，汇流排可以形成为印刷的和烧入的导体，通常以具有玻璃料和银颗粒的烧制丝网印刷膏的形式。然而，或者也可以使用导电薄膜的条带作为汇流条，其被放置或粘合在可加热涂层或可加热丝的端部上，例如铜箔或铝箔。通常，两个汇流条位于复合玻璃板的两个彼此相对的棱边的附近，例如上棱边和下棱边。
热塑性中间层是通过一个或多个热塑性聚合物薄膜形成的。所述热塑性薄膜优选含有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚氨酯(PU)和/或其混合物和/或其共聚物，特别优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。所述薄膜优选基于所提及的材料形成，但可包含其他成分，例如增塑剂、着色剂、IR或UV吸收剂，优选以小于50％的比例。
单个聚合物薄膜，特别是PVB薄膜，优选具有约0.025mm(25μm)至1mm，特别是25μm至125μm和0.3mm至1mm，例如50μm、100μm, 0.38 mm或 0.76 mm的厚度。复合玻璃质玻璃板的其他性质可通过薄膜的厚度来影响。例如，较厚的 PVB 薄膜改善隔音，尤其是当它们包含声学有效的芯时，复合玻璃质玻璃板的防盗性能增加，并且还增加了对紫外辐射的防护（UV 防护）。
在一个有利的设计方案中，热塑性中间层由一个或多个聚乙烯醇缩丁醛薄膜形成。
此外，热塑性中间层可以是功能性中间层，特别是具有声阻尼性质的中间层、至少部分着色的中间层和/或至少部分有色的中间层。
外玻璃板和/或内玻璃板可由玻璃和/或聚合物形成，优选钠钙玻璃、碱金属铝硅酸盐玻璃、聚碳酸酯和/或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。在一个特别优选的设计方案中，外玻璃板和内玻璃板由玻璃构成。
合适的玻璃质玻璃板包括Saint-Gobain的以商品名Planiclear和Planilux (各自为透明玻璃)、VG10、VG20、VG40或TSANx、TSA3+、TSA4+已知的玻璃质玻璃板，其中VG系列的玻璃为灰色有色玻璃和 TSA 系列的玻璃是绿色有色玻璃。
外玻璃板和/或内玻璃板优选具有0.5mm至4mm的厚度，特别优选1.6mm至2.1mm的厚度。外玻璃板和/或内玻璃板可以具有恒定的厚度或者也可以是略微楔形形成的。
外玻璃板、内玻璃板和至少一个热塑性中间层可以是透明和无色的，但也可以是着色或有色的。在一个优选设计方案中，通过复合玻璃的总透射率大于70%。术语总透射率是指由ECE-R 43，附件 3，第 9.1 节确定的测试机动车辆玻璃板的透光性的方法。外玻璃板和内玻璃板彼此独立地可以是未预加应力的、部分预加应力的或预加应力的。如果玻璃板中的至少一个具有预应力，则这可以是热或化学预应力。
复合玻璃板优选在空间的一个或多个方向上弯曲，如其对于机动车辆玻璃板常见的那样，其中典型的曲率半径在约10cm至约40m的范围内。然而，复合玻璃板也可以是平的，例如，当它被提供作为用于公共汽车、火车或拖拉机的玻璃板时。
外玻璃板、内玻璃板和至少一个热塑性中间层可具有本身已知的合适涂层，例如抗反射涂层、不粘涂层、抗划痕涂层或光催化涂层。
可加热元件可以如上所述连接到电压源。根据本发明，复合玻璃板因此也是如上所述的，其中可加热元件连接到电压源。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板可以另外包括覆盖印刷物，特别是由深色的、优选黑色的搪瓷制成。所述覆盖印刷物特别是外围的，即框架状的覆盖印刷物。所述外围的覆盖印刷物首先用作复合玻璃板的装配粘合剂的紫外保护。覆盖印刷物可以是不透明的并且是全面形成的。覆盖印刷物也可以至少部分地是半透明的，例如形成为点网栅、条带网栅或方格网栅。或者，覆盖印刷物也可以具有梯度，例如从不透明的覆盖物到半透明的覆盖物。覆盖印刷物通常施加在外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面上或在内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面上，其中覆盖印刷物优选施加在根据本发明的复合玻璃板中可加热涂层和反射热辐射的涂层没有布置在其上的玻璃板表面上。
本发明还涉及一种制造复合玻璃板的方法，至少包括以下步骤：
a） 提供具有外侧表面 I 和内部空间侧表面 II 的外玻璃板、具有外侧表面 III和内部空间侧表面 IV 的内玻璃板、以及至少一个热塑性中间层，其中将可加热元件直接施加在外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面 II上或在内玻璃板的外侧表面 III上，并且将反射热辐射的涂层直接施加在内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面 IV 上和/或将反射热辐射的涂层直接施加在外玻璃板的外侧表面 I上；
b）由外玻璃板、至少一个热塑性中间层和内玻璃板如此形成堆叠序列，使得外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面 II和内玻璃板的外侧表面 III彼此面对并且至少一个热塑性中间层布置在外玻璃板与内玻璃板之间；
c）通过至少一个热塑性中间层将外玻璃板和内玻璃板以层压方法连接成复合玻璃板。
层压优选在热、真空和/或压力的作用下进行。可以使用本身已知的方法用于层压，例如高压釜方法、真空袋方法、真空环方法、压延方法、真空层压机或其组合。
反射热辐射的涂层优选通过物理气相沉积（PVD）施加在内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面IV上和/或在外玻璃板的外侧表面I上，特别优选通过阴极溅射（“溅射”），非常特别优选通过磁场辅助的阴极溅射。
如果可加热元件形成为可加热涂层，则优选通过物理气相沉积 (PVD) ，特别优选通过阴极溅射（“溅射")，非常特别优选通过磁场辅助的阴极溅射，将其施加在外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面 II上或在内玻璃板的外侧表面 III 上。
不言而喻，在层压步骤之前施加将可加热元件与电压源连接所需的汇流排（母线）。
如果复合玻璃板应是弯曲的，则外玻璃板和内玻璃板优选在层压之前和优选在可能的涂覆工艺之后经受弯曲工艺。优选地，外玻璃板和内玻璃板共同（即同时和通过同一工具）一致弯曲，因为由此使玻璃板的形状对于随后进行的层压而言最佳地彼此匹配。玻璃弯曲工艺的典型温度例如为500℃至700℃。
在根据本发明的方法的一个实施方式中，反射热辐射的涂层在层压工艺之后才施加在内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面(IV)上和/或反射热辐射的涂层在层压工艺之后才施加在外玻璃板的外侧表面(I)上。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板可用于水上、陆地或空中的交通工具中，优选作为交通工具的挡风玻璃，特别优选作为机动车辆、尤其是乘用车的挡风玻璃。或者，根据本发明的复合玻璃板也可用于建筑物装配玻璃中或一些其他建筑装配玻璃中。
本发明的各种设计方案可以单独地或以任意组合来实现。特别地，在不脱离本发明范围的情况下，上面提到的和下面解释的特征不仅可以以给出的组合使用，而且可以以其他组合来使用或单独使用。
现参考实施例更详细地解释本发明，其中参考附图。这些图不以任何方式限制本发明。其以简化的、并非按比例的图示示出了：
图1 根据本发明的复合玻璃板的一个设计方案的平面图，,
图2 穿过根据本发明的复合玻璃板的图1中所示的设计方案的横截面，
图3 穿过根据本发明的复合玻璃板的另一设计方案的横截面，
图4 穿过根据本发明的复合玻璃板的另一设计方案的横截面，
图5 穿过根据本发明的复合玻璃板的另一设计方案的横截面，
图6 穿过根据本发明的复合玻璃板的另一设计方案的横截面，
图7 穿过根据本发明的复合玻璃板的另一设计方案的横截面，和
图8 穿过根据本发明的复合玻璃板的另一设计方案的横截面。
图1示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板1的一个设计方案的平面图，图2示出了沿着剖面线 X-X‘穿过图1中所示复合玻璃板的横截面。如图1和2中可以看出，复合玻璃板1具有上棱边O和下棱边U以及两个侧棱边S。复合玻璃板1包括外玻璃板2和内玻璃板3，它们通过热塑性中间层4相互层压并由此持久连接。复合玻璃板1例如提供为乘用车的挡风玻璃，其中提供用于面向外部环境的外玻璃板2和提供用于面向交通工具内部空间的内玻璃板3。外玻璃板2具有外侧表面I和内部空间侧表面 II。内玻璃板3具有外侧表面III和内部空间侧表面 IV。外侧表面I和III在安装位置面向外部环境，内部空间侧表面II和IV在安装位置面向交通工具内部空间。外玻璃板2的内部空间侧表面 II和内玻璃板3的外侧表面 III彼此面对。外玻璃板2包含例如钠钙玻璃并且具有例如2.1mm的厚度。内玻璃板3包含例如钠钙玻璃并且具有例如1.6mm的厚度。热塑性中间层4包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)或由其构成并且具有例如0.76mm的厚度。不言而喻，根据本发明的复合玻璃板1还可以具有匹配各自个别情况的其他尺寸，尤其是外玻璃板2、内玻璃板3和热塑性中间层4的其他层厚度。
呈可加热涂层形式的可加热元件5布置在内玻璃板3的外侧表面III上。可加热涂层例如如 WO 2020/094422 A1 中描述的那样构建并且包括至少四个导电银层，它们各自布置在两个介电层或层序列之间，其中所有导电银层的厚度总和为最高30nm，并且其中导电银层中的至少一个具有最高5nm的厚度。
反射热辐射的涂层6布置在内玻璃板3的内部空间侧表面IV上。反射热辐射的涂层6包括例如厚度为60nm至150nm的功能性ITO层和此外在该功能层之上和之下的另外的介电层，特别是由掺杂Al的SiO2和Si3N4制成的。
反射热辐射的涂层6一方面减少了由形成为可加热涂层的可加热元件5散发的热辐射穿过复合玻璃板辐射到交通工具内部空间中。另一方面，在外部温度低的情况下，反射热辐射的涂层6还减少了热辐射从交通工具内部空间中辐射出。
可加热元件5可以通过汇流排（母线）连接到电压源（图1和2中未示出）。
图3中示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板1的另一实施方式的横截面。在图3中以横截面示出的复合玻璃板1与图2中以横截面示出的复合玻璃板1的区别仅在于，形成为可加热涂层的可加热元件5没有施加在内玻璃板3的外侧表面 III上，而是施加在外玻璃板2的内部空间侧表面 II上。
图4示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板1的另一实施方式的横截面。图4中以横截面示出的复合玻璃板1包括外玻璃板2和内玻璃板3，它们通过热塑性中间层4相互层压并由此持久连接。复合玻璃板1例如提供为乘用车的挡风玻璃，其中提供用于面向外部环境的外玻璃板2并且提供用于面向交通工具内部空间的内玻璃板3。外玻璃板2具有外侧表面I和内部空间侧表面II。内玻璃板3具有外侧表面III和内部空间侧表面 IV。外侧表面I和III在安装位置面向外部环境，内部空间侧表面II和IV在安装位置面向交通工具内部空间。外玻璃板2的内部空间侧表面II和内玻璃板3的外侧表面III彼此面对。外玻璃板2包含例如钠钙玻璃并且具有例如2.1mm的厚度。内玻璃板3包含例如钠钙玻璃并且具有例如1.6mm的厚度。热塑性中间层4包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)或由其组成并且具有例如0.76mm的厚度。不言而喻，根据本发明的复合玻璃板1还可以具有匹配各自个别情况的其他尺寸，尤其是外玻璃板2、内玻璃板3和热塑性中间层4的其他层厚度。
呈可加热涂层形式的可加热元件5布置在外玻璃板2的内侧表面II上。
可加热涂层例如如 WO 2020/094422 A1 中描述的那样构建并且包括至少四个导电银层，它们各自布置在两个介电层或层序列之间，其中所有导电银层的厚度总和为最高30nm，并且其中导电银层中的至少一个具有最高5nm的厚度。
反射热辐射的涂层6布置在外玻璃板2的外侧表面I上。反射热辐射的涂层6包括例如厚度为60nm至150nm的功能性ITO层和此外在该功能层之上和之下的另外的介电层，特别是由掺杂Al的SiO2和Si3N4制成的。
反射热辐射的涂层6一方面减少了由形成为可加热涂层的可加热元件5散发的热辐射穿过复合玻璃板向外辐射。另一方面，在外部温度低时，反射热辐射的涂层6还减少了热辐射从交通工具内部空间中辐射出。
图5示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板1的另一实施方式的横截面。图5中以横截面示出的复合玻璃板1与图4中以横截面示出的复合玻璃板的区别仅在于，形成为可加热涂层的可加热元件5没有布置在外玻璃板2的内部空间侧表面II上，而是布置在内玻璃板3的外侧表面III上。
图6示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板1的另一实施方式的横截面。图6中以横截面示出的复合玻璃板1与图2中以横截面示出的复合玻璃板的区别仅在于，在外玻璃板2的外侧表面I上额外施加了反射热辐射的涂层6。
图7示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板1的另一实施方式的横截面。图7中以横截面示出的复合玻璃板1与图3中以横截面示出的复合玻璃板的区别仅在于，在外玻璃板2的外侧表面I上额外施加了反射热辐射的涂层6。
图8中示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板1的另一实施方式的横截面。图8中以横截面示出的根据本发明的复合玻璃板1的实施方式与图2中示出的实施方式的区别仅之在于，可加热元件5形成为可加热丝的布置。可加热丝例如是直径为10μm至33μm的钨丝。例如，它可以是彼此平行布置的多根丝或是一根在内玻璃板3的外侧表面III上蛇形延伸的单丝。
附图标记列表
1 复合玻璃板
2 外玻璃板
3 内玻璃板
4 热塑性中间层
5 可加热元件
6 反射热辐射的涂层
X-X‘ 剖面线
O 上棱边
U 下棱边
S 侧棱边

Claims (15)

1.复合玻璃板(1)，至少包括由下述构成的层压的堆叠序列
- 具有外侧表面(I)和内部空间侧表面(II)的外玻璃板(2)，
- 具有外侧表面(III)和内部空间侧表面(IV)的内玻璃板(3)，和
- 至少一个热塑性中间层(4)，其连接外玻璃板(2)的内部空间侧表面(II)与内玻璃板(3)的外侧表面(III)，
其中
- 将可加热元件(5)直接施加在外玻璃板(2)的内部空间侧表面(II)上或在内玻璃板(3)的外侧表面(III)上，和
- 将反射热辐射的涂层(6)直接施加在内玻璃板(3)的内部空间侧表面(IV)上和/或将反射热辐射的涂层(6)直接施加在外玻璃板(2)的外侧表面(I)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃板(1)，其中将所述可加热元件(5)直接施加在内玻璃板(3)的外侧表面(III)上并且将反射热辐射的涂层(6)直接施加在内玻璃板(3)的内部空间侧表面(IV)上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃板(1)，其中将可加热元件(5)直接施加在外玻璃板(1)的内部空间侧表面(II)上并且将反射热辐射的涂层(6)直接施加在内玻璃板(3)的内部空间侧表面 (IV)上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃板(1)，其中将可加热元件(5)直接施加在外玻璃板(1)的内部空间侧表面(II)上并且将反射热辐射的涂层(6)直接施加在外玻璃板(2)的外侧表面(I)上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃板(1)，其中将可加热元件(5)直接施加在内玻璃板(3)的外侧表面(III)上并且将反射热辐射的涂层(6)直接施加在外玻璃板(2)的外侧表面(I)上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃板(1)，其中将可加热元件(5)直接施加在内玻璃板(3)的外侧表面(III)上，将反射热辐射的涂层(6)直接施加在内玻璃板(3)的外侧表面(IV)上并且将反射热辐射的涂层(6)直接施加在外玻璃板(2)的外侧表面(I)上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃板(1)，其中将可加热元件(5)直接施加在外玻璃板(1)的内部空间侧表面(II)上，将反射热辐射的涂层(6)直接施加在内玻璃板 (3)的外侧表面 (IV)上并且将反射热辐射的涂层(6)直接施加在外玻璃板(2)的外侧表面(I)上。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(1)，其中可加热元件(5)形成为可加热涂层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的复合玻璃板(1)，其中可加热涂层包括层体系，所述层体系具有至少一个嵌入介电氧化物层或氮化物层之间的金属层，特别是至少一个金属银层。
10.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(1)，其中可加热元件(5)形成为至少一根可加热丝。
11.根据权利要求10所述的复合玻璃板(1)，其中可加热元件(5)形成为至少一根可加热钨丝。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的复合玻璃板（1），其中反射热辐射的涂层(6)包含透明导电氧化物，优选包含氧化铟锡、掺杂有锑或氟的氧化锡和/或掺杂有铝的氧化锌(ZnO:Al)和/或掺杂镓的氧化锌(ZnO:Ga)并且特别优选由氧化铟锡组成。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(1)，其中外玻璃板(2)和/或内玻璃板(3)的厚度为0.5mm至4mm，特别优选1.6mm至2.1mm。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(1)，其中可加热元件(5)连接到电压源。
15.用于制造根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(1)的方法，其中至少
a）提供具有外侧表面(I)和内部空间侧表面（II）的外玻璃板(2)、具有外侧表面(III)和内部空间侧表面(IV)的内玻璃板(3)、以及至少一个热塑性中间层(4)，其中将可加热元件(5)直接施加在外玻璃板(2)的内部空间侧表面(II)上或在内玻璃板(3)的外侧表面(III)上，并且将反射热辐射的涂层(6)直接施加在内玻璃板(3)的内部空间侧表面(IV)上和/或将反射热辐射的涂层(6)直接施加在外玻璃板(2)的外侧表面(I)上；
b）由外玻璃板(2)、至少一个热塑性中间层(4)和内玻璃板(3)如此形成堆叠序列，使得外玻璃板(2)的内部空间侧表面(II)和内玻璃板(3)的外侧表面(III)彼此面对并且所述至少一个热塑性中间层(4)布置在外玻璃板(2)与内玻璃板(3)之间；
c）通过所述至少一个热塑性中间层(4)将外玻璃板(2)和内玻璃板(3)以层压方法连接成复合玻璃板(1)。
CN202180004403.1A 2020-10-01 2021-09-29 复合玻璃板 Pending CN114616098A (zh)

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