CN114614527A - Battery charging method and device, battery management system and vehicle - Google Patents

Battery charging method and device, battery management system and vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114614527A
CN114614527A CN202210203513.7A CN202210203513A CN114614527A CN 114614527 A CN114614527 A CN 114614527A CN 202210203513 A CN202210203513 A CN 202210203513A CN 114614527 A CN114614527 A CN 114614527A
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China
Prior art keywords
battery
charging
capacity
voltage
multiplying power
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CN202210203513.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
赵士猛
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Guangzhou Xiaopeng Motors Technology Co Ltd
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Guangzhou Xiaopeng Motors Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202210203513.7A priority Critical patent/CN114614527A/en
Publication of CN114614527A publication Critical patent/CN114614527A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/62Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12Electric charging stations
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the application discloses a battery charging method. The method comprises the following steps: in the primary charging process of the battery, based on the first charging rate, the battery is charged in a constant current charging mode; when the voltage of the battery rises to a preset charge cut-off voltage, acquiring the charge capacity of the battery; based on the charge cut-off voltage, charging the battery in a constant voltage charging mode; acquiring the real-time capacity of the battery and comparing the real-time capacity with a preset cut-off capacity; and ending the charging of the battery when the real-time capacity reaches the cut-off capacity, and acquiring the charging multiplying power when the real-time capacity is equal to the cut-off capacity, wherein the charging multiplying power is used as a reference of a second charging multiplying power in the subsequent charging of the battery. The method can relieve the deterioration caused by mismatching of the charging multiplying power of the battery and the actual capacity of the battery, and prolong the service life of the battery. The embodiment of the invention also provides a battery charging device, a battery management system and a vehicle.

Description

Battery charging method and device, battery management system and vehicle
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of battery charging, and more particularly, to a battery charging method and apparatus, a battery management system, and a vehicle.
Background
The power of the electric automobile comes from batteries, fossil fuel is not combusted in the using process, the environment is not polluted, and the electric automobile is encouraged and supported by governments of all countries in the world. In the related art, the charging system used in the application and test of the lithium ion battery is mainly a constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) charging method. The charging method is simple and easy to implement and convenient to operate.
However, as the application demand of the lithium ion battery for quick charge is higher and higher, the limitation of the constant current-constant voltage method is more and more obvious. For example, as the cycle number of the lithium battery increases, the current satisfied by the battery gradually decreases, and the service life of the battery is directly affected by high-current constant-voltage charging.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to at least partially solve the technical problems described above, embodiments of the present application propose a battery charging method, a battery charging device, a battery management system, a vehicle, and a storage medium.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a battery charging method, comprising: in the primary charging process of the battery, based on the first charging rate, the battery is charged in a constant current charging mode; when the voltage of the battery rises to a preset charge cut-off voltage, acquiring the charge capacity of the battery; charging the battery in a constant voltage charging mode based on the charge cutoff voltage; acquiring the real-time capacity of the battery and comparing the real-time capacity with a preset cut-off capacity; and ending the charging of the battery when the real-time capacity reaches the cut-off capacity, and acquiring the charging multiplying power when the real-time capacity is equal to the cut-off capacity, wherein the charging multiplying power is used as a reference of a second charging multiplying power in the subsequent charging of the battery.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a battery charging apparatus comprising: the constant current charging module is used for charging the battery in a constant current charging mode based on a first charging multiplying power in the primary charging process of the battery; the device comprises a capacity acquisition module, a charging module and a charging module, wherein the capacity acquisition module is used for acquiring the charging capacity of the battery when the voltage of the battery is increased to a preset charging cut-off voltage; the constant voltage charging module is used for charging the battery in a constant voltage charging mode based on the cut-off voltage; the comparison module is used for acquiring the real-time capacity of the battery and comparing the real-time capacity with a preset cut-off capacity; and the ending module is used for ending the charging of the battery when the real-time capacity reaches the cut-off capacity, and acquiring the charging multiplying power when the real-time capacity is equal to the cut-off capacity, wherein the charging multiplying power is used as a reference of the charging multiplying power during the subsequent charging of the battery.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a battery management system comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing computer program instructions which, when invoked by the processor, perform the battery charging method of any of claims 1 to 7.
In a fourth aspect, some embodiments of the present application further provide a vehicle, including a vehicle body, a battery, and the battery management system as described above electrically connected to the battery.
In a fifth aspect, the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which computer program instructions are stored, where the computer program codes can be called by a processor to execute any one of the above battery charging methods.
In the battery charging method, a constant-current charging mode is adopted to charge the battery until the voltage of the battery is increased to a cut-off voltage, the charging capacity of the current battery is obtained, then a constant-voltage charging mode is adopted to charge the battery, the real-time capacity of the battery is obtained, when the real-time capacity reaches the cut-off capacity, the charging is finished, the multiplying power of the current battery is obtained, and the charging multiplying power in the next charging is determined according to the multiplying power. According to the method, the charging rate of the battery in the next charging is determined according to the rate when the battery finishes charging, so that the deterioration caused by mismatching of the charging rate of the battery and the actual capacity of the battery is relieved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an application environment of a battery charging method proposed in the present application.
Fig. 2 shows a flowchart of a battery charging method according to a first embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the change of current and voltage during the nth charge of the battery.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the decay curves of the first conventional battery charging method and the battery charging method according to the embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the attenuation curves of the second conventional battery charging method and the battery charging method according to the embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 6 shows a flow chart of a battery charging method according to a second embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing changes in current and voltage during the n +1 th charge of the battery.
Fig. 8 shows a flow chart of a battery charging method according to a third embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 9 shows a block diagram of a battery charging apparatus provided in the present application.
Fig. 10 shows a block diagram of a battery management system provided in the present application.
Fig. 11 shows a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of a computer-readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The following is a description of terms:
battery Management System (BMS): and the system is responsible for controlling the charging and discharging of the battery, realizing the estimation of the state of the battery and the like.
Battery life: refers to the charge cycle of the battery.
Charge cut-off voltage: refers to the voltage at which the battery reaches a fully charged state during charging of the battery.
And (3) constant current charging mode: the charging mode is a charging mode in which the charging current is maintained at a constant value when the battery is charged.
Constant voltage charging mode: the charging mode is a charging mode in which the charging voltage is maintained at a constant value when the battery is charged.
Constant current discharge mode: the discharge mode is a discharge mode in which the charge current is maintained at a constant value when the battery is discharged.
Charging rate: the current value is the current value required for charging the battery to its rated capacity within a predetermined time during the charging process of the battery.
In the related technology, a fixed constant-current charging and constant-voltage charging method is mostly adopted to charge the lithium battery, but as the cycle number of the lithium battery increases, the current satisfied by the battery gradually decreases, and the service life of the battery is influenced by adopting a fixed charging rate to charge the battery.
In order to solve the above-described technical problems, the inventors have made extensive studies to propose a battery charging method, a battery charging device, a vehicle, and a storage medium according to the embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an application environment of a battery charging method according to the present application. As shown in fig. 1, the battery charging method provided by the present application is applied to a vehicle 100, and the vehicle 100 may include a battery management system 110 and a battery 120. The battery management system 110 is configured to determine a charging rate of the battery 120 at the next charging according to the detected charging rate of the battery 120, alleviate deterioration caused by mismatch between the charging rate of the battery 120 and an actual capacity of the battery 120, and improve a service life of the battery 120.
The battery management system 110 may include a processor and a memory storing computer program instructions that are invoked by the processor to perform a battery charging method in real time. In the embodiment of the present application, the battery management system 110 may further be provided with a transceiver, and the battery management system 110 may be capable of sending a charging signal to the battery 120 through the transceiver. The battery management system 120 and the battery 130 may be directly or indirectly connected through wired or wireless communication, which is not limited in this application.
The battery 120 may include, but is not limited to, any one of a single power battery, a power battery module, and a power battery pack, which is not limited in this application. In the embodiment of the present application, the battery 120 may further be provided with a transceiver, and the battery 130 can receive the charging signal transmitted by the battery management system 110 through the transceiver. The battery 120 and the battery management system 110 may be directly or indirectly connected through wired or wireless communication, which is not limited in this application.
Referring to fig. 2, a method for charging a battery according to a first embodiment of the present application is schematically illustrated. According to the method, the charging multiplying power of the battery during subsequent charging is determined according to the multiplying power of the battery after the charging is finished in the primary charging process, so that the deterioration caused by mismatching of the charging multiplying power of the battery and the actual capacity of the battery can be relieved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged. The method may include the following steps S210 to S250.
Step S210, in a primary charging process of the battery, based on the first charging rate, charging the battery in a constant current charging mode.
The battery charging method provided by the embodiment can be applied to any one or more charging processes of the battery, and the first charging rate can be set by the default of the battery management system or can be adjusted by research and development or testing personnel through actual working conditions. In the embodiment of the application, the battery management system obtains a first charging current of the battery based on the first charging rate, and charges the battery in a constant current charging mode based on the first charging current. A first charging current I1Can be calculated from the following formula:
I1=a1*C0
wherein, a1Is a first charge rate, C0Is the rated capacity of the battery. For example, the rated capacity C of the battery0Is 1Ah, first charging rate a10.98C, the first charging current I1It was 0.98A.
Referring to fig. 3, in the constant current charging process, the current I of the battery is kept constant, the voltage U is continuously increased, and the capacity C of the battery is continuously increased.
In step S220, when the voltage of the battery rises to a preset charge cut-off voltage, the charge capacity of the battery is acquired.
The preset charge cut-off voltage may be set by default in the battery management system, or may be adjusted by a scientific researcher through an actual working condition, and in general, the charge cut-off voltage is the highest voltage that the battery can bear, and for example, the charge cut-off voltage may be 4.5V. In the embodiment of the application, the battery management system is provided with a voltage sensor, and the voltage sensor is used for detecting the voltage in the battery charging process. And when the voltage sensor detects that the voltage of the battery rises to the charging cut-off voltage, the battery management system acquires the charging capacity of the battery.
In some embodiments, the battery management system is provided with a timer for calculating the time length of constant current charging of the battery and the charging capacity C of the battery1Can be calculated from the following formula:
C1=I1*t1
wherein, I1Is a first charging current, t1The charging time of the battery. For example, the first charging current I1Is 0.98A, charging time period t10.5h, the charging capacity C of the battery1It was 0.49 Ah.
In other embodiments, the battery management system is provided with a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the battery when the voltage rises to the cutoff voltage and transmitting the detection result to the battery management system. The battery management system may store a mapping table of correspondence among temperature, voltage, and charge amount, and after the battery management system acquires the cutoff voltage and the temperature, the battery management system may calculate the charge amount of the battery based on the mapping table, thereby determining the charge capacity of the battery.
And step S230, charging the battery in a constant voltage charging mode based on the charging cut-off voltage.
In the embodiment of the present application, the battery management system charges the battery in a constant voltage charging mode based on the cut-off voltage, for example, if the cut-off voltage is 4.5V, the battery is charged with a voltage of 4.5V. As shown in fig. 3, during the constant voltage charging, the voltage U of the battery is kept constant, the current I is continuously decreased, and the capacity C of the battery is continuously increased.
Step S240, acquiring the real-time capacity of the battery and comparing the real-time capacity with a preset cut-off capacity.
In one form, the battery management system is provided with a temperature sensor for sensing the temperature of the battery during charging in the constant voltage charging mode. The battery management system may store a mapping table of correspondence among temperature, voltage, and amount of charge, and the battery management system acquires the cutoff voltage and temperature. Based on the mapping table, the battery management system may calculate the charge amount of the battery, thereby determining the real-time capacity of the battery, and compare the real-time capacity of the battery with the cutoff capacity. The cut-off capacity can be set by the default of the battery management system or can be adjusted by scientific research personnel through actual working conditions. In order to take insufficient advantage of the electrode material, reduce anode swelling and cathode delithiation damage to the battery active material, the cutoff capacity is less than the maximum capacity that the battery can withstand.
And step S250, finishing charging the battery when the real-time capacity reaches the cut-off capacity, and acquiring the charging rate when the real-time capacity is equal to the cut-off capacity.
When the battery management system determines that the real-time capacity of the battery reaches the cut-off capacity CV1The battery management system finishes charging the battery. In one mode, the battery management system is provided with a current sensor for detecting a charging current I when the real-time capacity is equal to the cut-off capacity0. Battery management system based on charging current I0Determining battery real-time capacity equal to cutoff capacity CV1Charge multiplying factor of time, charge multiplying factor aCharging of electricityCan be calculated by the following equation:
acharging of electricity=I0/C0
Wherein, I0For charging current, C0Is the rated capacity of the battery. The battery management system determines the charging multiplying power of the battery during subsequent charging according to the charging multiplying power when the real-time capacity of the battery is equal to the cut-off capacity, avoids the situation that the same charging multiplying power is adopted in all charging processes, determines the multiplying power of the battery during subsequent charging (the next charging process) according to the charging multiplying power when the real-time capacity of the battery is equal to the cut-off capacity, can determine the proper charging multiplying power according to the actual condition of the battery, can relieve the deterioration caused by mismatching of the charging multiplying power of the battery and the actual capacity of the battery, and prolongs the service life of the battery.
In the embodiment of the application, if the charging rate is greater than the calibration cut-off rate, the internal resistance of the characterization battery is not changed or is changed slightly, so that the battery management system determines that the second charging rate is equal to the first charging rate during subsequent charging of the battery, the battery is charged at a higher speed, and the increase of the charging efficiency of the battery is facilitated. If the charging multiplying power is smaller than or equal to the calibrated cut-off multiplying power, the internal resistance of the characterization battery is obviously increased, so that the battery management system determines that the second charging multiplying power during the subsequent charging of the battery is smaller than the first charging multiplying power, the charging multiplying power of the battery is matched with the internal resistance of the battery, and the attenuation of the battery capacity is favorably relieved. The second charging rate is calculated according to the first charging rate based on a preset calculation relationship, wherein the preset calculation relationship comprises any one of the following: an arithmetic decreasing relationship, an geometric decreasing relationship, and a random decreasing relationship.
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic diagram of a first conventional battery charging method and a decay curve of the battery charging method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, where L1 is the decay curve of the first conventional battery charging method, and L2 is the decay curve of the battery charging method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. The first conventional battery charging method has a constant charging rate throughout the charging cycle. As can be seen from the figure, compared to the first conventional battery charging method, the cycle life of the battery charging method according to the embodiment of the present application is increased from 680cls to 730cls, which is 50cls increased when the battery charging method is attenuated to the same capacity.
Referring to fig. 5, a schematic diagram of a decay curve of a second conventional battery charging method and the battery charging method of the embodiment of the present application is shown, where L1 is the decay curve of the second conventional battery charging method, and L2 is the decay curve of the battery charging method of the embodiment of the present application. The second conventional battery charging method performs constant current charging and constant voltage charging of the battery several times during the charging process. As can be seen from the figure, the cycle life of the battery charging method of the embodiment of the present application is increased from 1050cls to 1110cls, and increased by 60cls, when it is attenuated to the same capacity, as compared to the second conventional battery charging method. Therefore, according to the battery charging method provided by the embodiment of the application, the charging rate of the battery in the next charging process is determined according to the rate of the battery after the charging process is finished, the deterioration caused by mismatching of the charging rate of the battery and the actual capacity of the battery can be relieved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
Referring to fig. 6, a battery charging method according to a second embodiment of the present application is schematically illustrated. The battery management system determines the charging rate of the battery in the subsequent charging process according to the rate of the battery when the charging process is finished in a certain charging process, for example, determines the charging rate of the battery in the (n + 1) th charging process according to the rate of the battery when the charging process is finished in the nth charging process, so that the deterioration caused by mismatching of the charging rate of the battery and the actual capacity of the battery can be relieved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged. Wherein n is an integer of 1 or more.
The method may include the following steps S610 to S660.
And step S610, when the battery is charged for the nth time, the battery is charged by adopting a constant current charging mode based on the first charging rate.
In step S620, when the voltage of the battery rises to a preset charge cutoff voltage, the charge capacity of the battery is acquired.
In step S630, the battery is charged in a constant voltage charging mode based on the charge cutoff voltage.
Step S640, acquiring the real-time capacity of the battery and comparing the real-time capacity with a preset cut-off capacity.
And step S650, finishing charging the battery when the real-time capacity reaches the cut-off capacity, and acquiring the charging rate when the real-time capacity is equal to the cut-off capacity.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation of steps S610 to S650 may refer to the description of steps S210 to S250 provided in the above embodiment, and details are not repeated here.
Step S660, comparing the charging rate with a preset calibration cutoff rate, and obtaining a comparison result.
The nominal cutoff rate is the rate at which the battery reaches a fully charged state during charging of the battery. The calibration cut-off magnification may be set by default in the battery management system, or may be adjusted by a scientific researcher through an actual working condition, and exemplarily, the calibration cut-off magnification may be 0.02C. For example, if the multiplying power is 0.05C when the real-time capacity of the battery is equal to the cut-off capacity and the calibrated cut-off multiplying power is 0.02C, the battery management system determines that the multiplying power is larger than the calibrated cut-off multiplying power as a comparison result. For another example, if the multiplying power when the real-time capacity of the battery is equal to the cut-off capacity is 0.01C, and the calibration cut-off multiplying power is 0.02C, the battery management system determines that the comparing result is that the multiplying power is smaller than the calibration cut-off multiplying power. If the multiplying power is 0.02C when the real-time capacity of the battery is equal to the cut-off capacity and the calibrated cut-off multiplying power is 0.02C, the battery management system determines that the multiplying power is equal to the calibrated cut-off multiplying power as a comparison result.
In summary, the comparison result may be that the magnification is smaller than the calibration cut-off magnification, the magnification is equal to the calibration cut-off magnification, or the magnification is larger than the calibration cut-off magnification. And the battery management system determines the charging rate of the battery in the (n + 1) th charging according to the comparison result.
Referring to fig. 7, the method may further include steps T610 to T620, and the steps T610 to T620 may be applied to the (n + 1) th charging process of the battery, so as to determine the charging rate of the battery in the (n + 1) th charging process and charge the battery.
And step T610, determining a second charging rate according to the comparison result.
In the embodiment of the application, if the comparison result indicates that the charging rate is greater than the calibration cutoff rate, the internal resistance of the battery is not changed or is changed slightly, so that the battery management system determines that the second charging rate is equal to the first charging rate when the battery is charged at the (n + 1) th time, the battery is charged at a higher speed, and the battery charging efficiency is increased. If the comparison result represents that the charging rate is less than or equal to the calibration cutoff rate, the internal resistance of the representation battery is obviously increased, so that the battery management system determines that the second charging rate is less than the first charging rate when the battery is charged for the (n + 1) th time, the charging rate of the battery is matched with the internal resistance of the battery, and the attenuation of the battery capacity is favorably relieved.
The second charging rate is calculated according to the first charging rate based on a preset calculation relationship, wherein the preset calculation relationship comprises any one of the following: an arithmetic decreasing relationship, an geometric decreasing relationship, and a random decreasing relationship.
In some embodiments, the predetermined calculation relationship is an arithmetic decreasing relationship, where the arithmetic decreasing relationship means that the difference between each term and its previous term from the second term is equal to a constant and the value of each term is smaller than the value of the previous term. For example, the first charging rate is 0.98C, the second charging rate is 0.96C, and the third charging rate is 0.94C. In other embodiments, the predetermined calculation relationship is an equal-ratio decreasing relationship, where the equal-ratio decreasing relationship is that, from the second term, the ratio of each term to its previous term is equal to a constant and the value of each term is smaller than the value of the previous term. For example, the first charging rate is 0.98C, the second charging rate is 0.784C, and the third charging rate is 0.6762C. In some embodiments, the predetermined calculation relationship is a random decreasing relationship, and the decreasing relationship means that from the second item, the value of each item is randomly generated and the value of each item is smaller than the value of the previous item. The value of each term may be determined by the random number generation circuit, for example, the first charge rate is 0.98C, the second charge rate is 0.95C, and the third charge rate is 0.90C.
And step T620, charging the battery in a constant current charging mode based on the second charging rate.
In the embodiment of the application, the battery management system obtains the battery based on the second charging rateAnd the second charging current is used for charging the battery in a constant current charging mode based on the second charging current. Second charging current I2Can be calculated from the following formula:
I2=a2*C0
wherein, a2At a second charge rate, C0Is the rated capacity of the battery. For example, the rated capacity C of the battery0Is 1Ah, second charging rate a10.96C, the second charging current I2It was 0.96A. And then when the voltage of the battery is increased to a preset charging cut-off voltage, charging the battery in a constant voltage charging mode based on the cut-off charging voltage, acquiring the real-time capacity of the battery in real time in the constant voltage charging mode, comparing the real-time capacity with the cut-off capacity, ending the charging if the real-time capacity reaches the cut-off capacity, and acquiring a charging multiplying factor when the real-time capacity is equal to the cut-off capacity, wherein the charging multiplying factor is used as a reference of a third charging multiplying factor of the battery in the (n + 2) th charging.
In the method of this embodiment, a constant-current charging mode is used to charge the battery until the voltage of the battery rises to a cut-off voltage, and the charging capacity of the current battery is obtained, then a constant-voltage charging mode is used to charge the battery, and the real-time capacity of the battery is obtained, when the real-time capacity reaches the cut-off capacity, the charging is ended and the multiplying power of the current battery is obtained, and the charging multiplying power in the next charging is determined according to the multiplying power. According to the method, the charging multiplying power in the (n + 1) th charging process of the battery is determined according to the multiplying power when the charging is finished in the nth charging process of the battery, so that the deterioration caused by mismatching of the charging multiplying power of the battery and the actual capacity of the battery can be relieved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
Referring to fig. 8, a method for charging a battery according to a third embodiment of the present application is schematically illustrated. The battery management system determines the calibrated discharge capacity of the battery by at least two times of cyclic charge and discharge, and then determines the charge multiplying power of the battery during the next charge by the multiplying power of the battery after the charge is finished, so that the deterioration caused by mismatching of the charge multiplying power of the battery and the actual capacity of the battery is relieved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged. The method may include the following steps S810 to S860.
And step S810, performing at least two times of cyclic charge and discharge on the battery to obtain the discharge capacity of the battery.
In general, since the rated capacity of a battery has an error from the actual capacity of the battery, the actual capacity of the battery needs to be determined by charging and discharging, and in order to improve the accuracy of the actual capacity of the battery, the battery needs to be cyclically charged and discharged at least twice. Wherein the single-cycle charging and discharging process comprises the following steps A01-A04.
And A01, charging the battery in a constant current charging mode based on the calibrated charging rate.
The nominal charge rate is a current value required for charging the battery to its rated capacity within a predetermined time in an ideal state. The calibrated charging rate can be set by default of the battery management system, and can also be adjusted by scientific research personnel through actual working conditions. The calibrated charging multiplying power is larger than the first charging multiplying power, and the battery is protected. In the embodiment of the application, the battery management system obtains the calibrated charging current of the battery based on the calibrated charging rate, and charges the battery in a constant current charging mode based on the calibrated charging current. Calibrating the charging current I0Can be calculated from the following formula:
I0=a0*C0
wherein, a0To calibrate the charging rate, C0Is rated capacity. For example, the rated capacity C of the battery0Is 1Ah, the charging multiplying power a is calibrated0Is 1C, the charging current I is calibrated0Is 1A.
A02, when the voltage of the battery rises to the charge cutoff voltage, charging the battery in a constant voltage charging mode based on the charge cutoff voltage.
And A03, after the charging rate of the battery is reduced to a preset calibration cut-off rate, performing constant-current discharge on the battery until the voltage of the battery is reduced to a preset discharge cut-off voltage.
In one form, the battery management system is provided with a current sensor for detecting the battery during charging in a constant voltage charging modeThe charging current of (1). The battery management system determines a charging rate of the battery during charging in a constant voltage charging mode based on the charging current. Charging multiplying power aCharging of electricityCan be calculated by the following formula:
acharging of electricity=ICharging of electricity/C0
Wherein, ICharging of electricityFor charging current, C0Is the rated capacity of the battery. And after the battery management system determines that the charging rate of the battery is reduced to the calibration cut-off rate, the battery management system performs constant-current discharging on the battery until the voltage of the battery is reduced to the calibration cut-off voltage based on the discharging rate. The discharge rate is a current value required for the battery to discharge its rated capacity for a predetermined time during constant current discharge of the battery. The discharge multiplying power can be set by the battery management system in a default mode, and can also be adjusted by scientific research personnel through actual working conditions. In the embodiment of the application, the battery management system obtains the discharge current of the battery based on the discharge rate, and discharges the battery in a constant-current discharge mode based on the discharge current. Discharge current IDischarging electricityCan be calculated from the following formula:
Idischarge of electricity=aDischarge of electricity*C0
Discharge current (discharge rate) rated capacity
Wherein, aDischarge of electricityIs the discharge rate of the battery, C0Is the rated capacity of the battery. For example, the rated capacity C of the battery01Ah, discharge rate aDischarging electricity0.7C, the discharge current IDischarging electricityAnd was 0.7A. The discharge cut-off voltage can be set by the default of the battery management system or adjusted by scientific research personnel through actual working conditions, generally, the discharge cut-off voltage is the lowest voltage which can be borne by the battery, and exemplarily, the discharge cut-off voltage can be 3V.
And A04, after the last cycle charging and discharging process of at least two cycles of charging and discharging is finished, the battery management system obtains the discharging capacity during the last cycle of charging and discharging.
In some embodiments, the battery management system is provided with a timer, the timer is used for calculating the time length of constant-current discharge of the battery, and the batteryDischarge capacity C ofDischarge of electricityCan be calculated from the following formula:
Cdischarge of electricity=IDischarge of electricity*t2
Discharge capacity (discharge current) discharge duration
Wherein, IDischarge of electricityIs the discharge current of the battery, t2The discharge time of the battery. For example, discharge current IDischarge of electricity0.7A, discharge time period t21.4h, the discharge capacity C of the batteryDischarge of electricityIt was 0.98 Ah.
And step S820, determining the discharge capacity as the discharge calibration capacity of the battery.
In the embodiment of the present application, if the discharge capacity of the battery obtained in step S04 is 0.98Ah, the battery management system determines that the discharge rated capacity of the battery is 0.98 Ah.
In step S830, in a primary charging process of the battery, the battery is charged in a constant current charging mode based on the first charging rate.
In step S840, when the voltage of the battery rises to a preset charge cut-off voltage, the charge capacity of the battery is acquired.
And step S850 of charging the battery in a constant voltage charging mode based on the charge cutoff voltage.
Step S860, the real-time capacity of the battery is obtained and compared with a preset cut-off capacity.
In step S870, the charging of the battery is ended when the real-time capacity reaches the cutoff capacity, and the charging rate when the real-time capacity is equal to the cutoff capacity is acquired.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation of steps S830 to S870 may refer to the description of steps S210 to S250 provided in the above embodiments, and details are not repeated here.
In the method, at least two times of cyclic charge and discharge are adopted to determine the calibrated discharge capacity of the battery, then the battery is charged in a constant-current charging mode until the voltage of the battery is increased to a cut-off voltage, the charging capacity of the current battery is obtained, then the battery is charged in a constant-voltage charging mode, the real-time capacity of the battery is obtained, when the real-time capacity reaches the cut-off capacity, the charging is finished, the multiplying power of the current battery is obtained, and the charging multiplying power in the next charging is determined according to the multiplying power. According to the method, the charging rate of the battery in the next charging is determined according to the rate when the battery finishes charging, so that the deterioration caused by mismatching of the charging rate of the battery and the actual capacity of the battery can be relieved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
Referring to fig. 9, a block diagram of a battery charging apparatus 900 according to the present application includes: a constant current charging module 910, a capacity acquisition module 920, a constant voltage charging module 930, a comparison module 940, and an end module 950.
In the nth charging process of the battery, the constant current charging module 910 is configured to charge the battery in a constant current charging mode based on a first charging rate in a primary charging process of the battery; the capacity obtaining module 920 is configured to obtain a charging capacity of the battery when the voltage of the battery is increased to a preset charging cut-off voltage; the constant voltage charging module 930 is configured to charge the battery in a constant voltage charging mode based on the charging cutoff voltage; the comparison module 940 is configured to obtain a real-time capacity of the battery and compare the real-time capacity with a preset cut-off capacity; the ending module 950 is configured to end charging the battery when the real-time capacity reaches the cut-off capacity, and obtain a charging rate when the real-time capacity is equal to the cut-off capacity, where the charging rate is used as a reference for a charging rate in subsequent charging of the battery.
In the battery charging device, a constant-current charging mode is adopted to charge a battery until the voltage of the battery is increased to a cut-off voltage, the charging capacity of the current battery is obtained, then a constant-voltage charging mode is adopted to charge the battery, the real-time capacity of the battery is obtained, when the real-time capacity reaches the cut-off capacity, the charging is finished, the multiplying power of the current battery is obtained, and the charging multiplying power in the next charging is determined according to the multiplying power. The device determines the charging rate of the battery in the next charging through the rate when the battery finishes charging, can relieve the deterioration caused by mismatching of the charging rate of the battery and the actual capacity of the battery, and prolongs the service life of the battery.
As one mode, the apparatus 900 further includes a comparison multiplying factor module, configured to compare the charging multiplying factor with a preset calibration cut-off multiplying factor, and obtain a comparison result. The constant current charging module 910 is further configured to determine a second charging rate according to the comparison result; and charging the battery in a constant current charging mode based on the second charging rate.
In some embodiments, the constant current charging module 910 is further configured to determine, when the comparison result indicates that the charging rate is greater than the calibrated cutoff rate, that a second charging rate of the battery during subsequent charging is equal to the first charging rate; and when the comparison result represents that the charging multiplying power is smaller than or equal to the calibration cutoff multiplying power, determining that a second charging multiplying power of the battery is smaller than the first charging multiplying power, wherein the second charging multiplying power is calculated based on the first charging multiplying power.
In some embodiments, the cutoff capacity is determined based on the first charge rate, the charge capacity, and a discharge calibration capacity of the battery.
In some embodiments, the second charging rate is calculated from the first charging rate based on a preset calculation relationship, wherein the preset calculation relationship includes any one of: an arithmetic decreasing relationship, an geometric decreasing relationship, and a random decreasing relationship.
As one way, the apparatus 900 further includes a capacity determining module, configured to perform at least two times of cyclic charge and discharge on the battery to obtain a discharge capacity of the battery; and determining the discharge capacity as the discharge calibration capacity of the battery.
In some embodiments, the calibration capacity determination module is further configured to charge the battery in a constant current charging mode based on the calibration charging rate during a single cycle of charging and discharging of the battery; wherein the calibration charging multiplying power is larger than the first charging multiplying power; when the voltage of the battery rises to a charging cut-off voltage, the battery is charged in a constant voltage charging mode based on the charging cut-off voltage; after the charging multiplying power of the battery is reduced to a preset calibration cut-off multiplying power, performing constant-current discharge on the battery until the voltage of the battery is reduced to a preset discharge cut-off voltage; and acquiring the discharge capacity during the last cycle charge and discharge after the last cycle charge and discharge process of at least two cycles of charge and discharge is finished.
Referring to fig. 10, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a battery management system 1000, where the battery management system 1000 includes a processor 1010 and a memory 1020, and the memory 1020 stores computer program instructions, and the computer program instructions are called by the processor 1010 to execute the above battery charging method in real time.
Processor 1010 may include one or more processing cores. The processor 1010 interfaces with various interfaces and circuitry throughout the battery management system to perform various functions of the battery management system and to process data by executing or executing instructions, programs, code sets, or instruction sets stored in the memory 1020 and invoking data stored in the memory 1020. Alternatively, the processor 1010 may be implemented in hardware using at least one of Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and Programmable Logic Array (PLA). The processor 1010 may integrate one or a combination of a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 1010, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) 1010, a modem, and the like. Wherein, the CPU mainly processes an operating system, a user interface, an application program and the like; the GPU is used for rendering and drawing display content; the modem is used to handle wireless communications. It is understood that the modem may not be integrated into the processor 1010, but may be implemented by a communication chip.
The Memory 1020 may include a Random Access Memory 1020 (RAM) or a Read-Only Memory 1020(Read-Only Memory). The memory 1020 may be used to store an instruction, a program, code, a set of codes, or a set of instructions. The memory 1020 may include a stored program area and a stored data area, wherein the stored program area may store instructions for implementing an operating system, instructions for implementing at least one function (such as a touch function, a sound playing function, an image playing function, etc.), instructions for implementing various method embodiments described below, and the like. The storage data area can also store data (such as a phone book, audio and video data, chatting record data) created by the electronic device map in use and the like.
Referring to fig. 11, the present application provides a vehicle 1100, where the vehicle 1100 includes a vehicle body 1110, a battery 1120, and the battery management system 1000, the battery management system 1000 is disposed in the vehicle body 1110, and the battery management system 1000 is electrically connected to the battery 1120.
In this embodiment, the battery 1120 may include, but is not limited to, any one of a single power battery, a power battery module, and a power battery pack.
Further, the vehicle 1100 further includes a center console, which is provided in the vehicle body 1110.
Referring to fig. 12, the present application provides a computer readable storage medium. The computer readable medium 1200 has stored therein a program code that can be called by a processor to execute the method described in the above method embodiments.
The computer-readable storage medium 1200 may be an electronic memory such as a flash memory, an EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read only memory), an EPROM, a hard disk, or a ROM. Alternatively, the computer-readable storage medium 1200 includes a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium 1200 has storage space for program code 1210 that performs any of the method steps described above. The program code can be read from and written to one or more computer program products. The program code 1210 may be compressed, for example, in a suitable form.
The application provides a battery charging method, a battery charging device, a vehicle and a storage medium. The method comprises the steps of charging a battery by adopting a constant-current charging mode until the voltage of the battery is increased to a cut-off voltage, acquiring the charging capacity of the current battery, then charging the battery by adopting a constant-voltage charging mode, acquiring the real-time capacity of the battery, finishing charging and acquiring the multiplying power of the current battery when the real-time capacity reaches the cut-off capacity, and determining the charging multiplying power of the next charging according to the multiplying power. According to the method, the charging rate of the battery in the next charging is determined according to the rate when the battery finishes charging, so that the deterioration caused by mismatching of the charging rate of the battery and the actual capacity of the battery is relieved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical feature diagrams may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not necessarily depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A battery charging method, comprising:
in the primary charging process of the battery, based on a first charging rate, charging the battery in a constant current charging mode;
when the voltage of the battery is increased to a preset charge cut-off voltage, acquiring the charge capacity of the battery;
charging the battery in a constant voltage charging mode based on the charge cutoff voltage;
acquiring the real-time capacity of the battery and comparing the real-time capacity with a preset cut-off capacity;
and ending the charging of the battery when the real-time capacity reaches the cut-off capacity, and acquiring the charging rate when the real-time capacity is equal to the cut-off capacity, wherein the charging rate is used as a reference of a second charging rate in the subsequent charging of the battery.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
comparing the charging multiplying power with a preset calibration cut-off multiplying power to obtain a comparison result;
determining a second charging rate according to the comparison result;
and charging the battery in a constant current charging mode based on the second charging rate.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of determining a second charge rate based on the comparison comprises:
if the comparison result represents that the charging multiplying power is larger than the calibration cut-off multiplying power, determining that a second charging multiplying power of the battery in subsequent charging is equal to the first charging multiplying power;
and if the comparison result represents that the charging multiplying power is smaller than or equal to the calibration cutoff multiplying power, determining that a second charging multiplying power of the battery is smaller than the first charging multiplying power, wherein the second charging multiplying power is calculated based on the first charging multiplying power.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the second charging rate is calculated from the first charging rate based on a preset calculated relationship, wherein the preset calculated relationship comprises any one of: an arithmetic decreasing relationship, an geometric decreasing relationship, and a random decreasing relationship.
5. The method of any of claims 1-4, wherein the cutoff capacity is determined based on the first charge rate, the charge capacity, and a discharge calibration capacity of the battery.
6. The method of any of claims 1-4, wherein prior to the charging the battery in a constant current charging mode based on the first charge rate, the method further comprises:
carrying out at least two times of cyclic charge and discharge on the battery to obtain the discharge capacity of the battery;
and determining the discharge capacity as the discharge calibration capacity of the battery.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein a single cycle charge-discharge process for the battery comprises:
based on the calibrated charging rate, charging the battery in a constant-current charging mode; wherein the calibration charging rate is greater than the first charging rate;
charging the battery in a constant voltage charging mode based on the charge cutoff voltage when the voltage of the battery rises to the charge cutoff voltage;
after the charging multiplying power of the battery is reduced to a preset calibration cut-off multiplying power, performing constant-current discharging on the battery until the voltage of the battery is reduced to a preset discharging cut-off voltage;
and acquiring the discharge capacity during the last cycle charge and discharge after the last cycle charge and discharge process of at least two cycles of the cycle charge and discharge is finished.
8. A battery charging apparatus, comprising:
the constant current charging module is used for charging the battery in a constant current charging mode based on a first charging rate in the primary charging process of the battery;
the capacity acquisition module is used for acquiring the charging capacity of the battery when the voltage of the battery is increased to a preset charging cut-off voltage;
the constant voltage charging module is used for charging the battery in a constant voltage charging mode based on the cut-off voltage;
the comparison module is used for acquiring the real-time capacity of the battery and comparing the real-time capacity with a preset cut-off capacity;
and the ending module is used for ending the charging of the battery when the real-time capacity reaches the cut-off capacity and acquiring the charging multiplying power when the real-time capacity is equal to the cut-off capacity, wherein the charging multiplying power is used as a reference of a second charging multiplying power during the subsequent charging of the battery.
9. A battery management system comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing computer program instructions which, when invoked by the processor, perform the battery charging method of any of claims 1 to 7.
10. A vehicle comprising a body, a battery, and the battery management system of claim 9 electrically connected to the battery.
CN202210203513.7A 2022-03-03 2022-03-03 Battery charging method and device, battery management system and vehicle Pending CN114614527A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115166538A (en) * 2022-06-30 2022-10-11 东莞新能安科技有限公司 Charging detection method, device, equipment and product
CN116533806A (en) * 2023-05-05 2023-08-04 深圳市拓湃新能源科技有限公司 Battery charging method, device, system and medium based on charging pile

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115166538A (en) * 2022-06-30 2022-10-11 东莞新能安科技有限公司 Charging detection method, device, equipment and product
CN116533806A (en) * 2023-05-05 2023-08-04 深圳市拓湃新能源科技有限公司 Battery charging method, device, system and medium based on charging pile

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