CN114614251A - Circularly polarized antenna and array antenna - Google Patents
Circularly polarized antenna and array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114614251A CN114614251A CN202210507288.6A CN202210507288A CN114614251A CN 114614251 A CN114614251 A CN 114614251A CN 202210507288 A CN202210507288 A CN 202210507288A CN 114614251 A CN114614251 A CN 114614251A
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- circularly polarized
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
- H01Q5/15—Resonant antennas for operation of centre-fed antennas comprising one or more collinear, substantially straight or elongated active elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
- H01Q5/321—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors within a radiating element or between connected radiating elements
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Abstract
The present application relates to a circularly polarized antenna and an array antenna, the circularly polarized antenna including a first dipole antenna, a second dipole antenna, at least one coupling ring having a slit, a dielectric substrate, and a coaxial line. The first dipole antenna is located on the first side of the dielectric substrate, the second dipole antenna is located on the second side of the dielectric substrate, the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna are connected with the feed network through coaxial lines, and the coupling ring is located between any two adjacent resonance arms in the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna and used for being coupled with the any two adjacent resonance arms. The resonant frequency generated by the parasitic coupling ring is changed by adjusting the length of the gap of the coupling ring so as to be close to the resonant frequency of the first dipole antenna and/or the second dipole antenna, and further the bandwidth of electromagnetic signals is expanded.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a circularly polarized antenna and an array antenna.
Background
With the development of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), circularly polarized antennas have been continuously developed, improved and applied. In the field of satellite navigation positioning antennas, common circularly polarized antennas include patch antennas, helical antennas, and dipole antennas.
Based on the development trend of multisystemization of satellite navigation positioning terminal equipment, the antenna needs to be broadband and high-gain, and is widely applied to a satellite navigation positioning terminal system. Base stations in cities are increased under the current trend of everything interconnection, and the electromagnetic environment of the cities is complex and has large interference due to rapid development of the cities. The common circularly polarized antenna can not meet the requirement of multi-system broadband.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide a circular polarization antenna and an array antenna.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a circularly polarized antenna, comprising:
the antenna comprises a first dipole antenna, a second dipole antenna, at least one coupling ring with a gap, a dielectric substrate and a coaxial line.
The first dipole antenna is positioned on the first side of the dielectric substrate, and the second dipole antenna is positioned on the second side of the dielectric substrate; the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna are connected with the feed network through coaxial lines; the coupling ring is located between any two adjacent resonance arms in the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna and used for coupling with the any two adjacent resonance arms.
In one embodiment, the coupling loop is quadrilateral, and the slot is located on one side away from the center of the circularly polarized antenna.
In one embodiment, each of the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna comprises two resonance arms which are equal in length and orthogonal, and the two resonance arms are connected through an arc connecting line; the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna are centrosymmetric.
In one embodiment, the lengths of the two resonance arms which are equal in length and orthogonal are one quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of the circularly polarized antenna; the length of the circular arc connecting line is one fourth of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.
In one embodiment, the circularly polarized antenna includes four coupling loops, the four coupling loops are respectively located between any two adjacent resonant arms, and the four coupling loops are arranged in a central symmetric structure.
In one embodiment, the four coupling loops comprise a first coupling loop, a second coupling loop, a third coupling loop, and a fourth coupling loop; the first coupling ring is positioned between the two resonance arms of the first dipole antenna and positioned on the first side of the dielectric substrate; the second coupling ring is positioned between the two resonance arms of the second dipole antenna and positioned on the second side of the dielectric substrate; the third coupling ring is positioned between two adjacent resonance arms of the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna and positioned on the first side of the dielectric substrate; the fourth coupling ring is located between the other two adjacent resonance arms of the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna and located on the second side of the dielectric substrate.
In one embodiment, the circularly polarized antenna further comprises a reflector plate connected to an end of the coaxial line far from the dielectric substrate.
In one embodiment, the distance between the reflecting plate and the dielectric substrate is one quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.
In a second aspect, the present application further provides an array antenna, including at least two circularly polarized antennas, the circularly polarized antennas including:
the antenna comprises a first dipole antenna, a second dipole antenna, at least one coupling ring with a gap, a dielectric substrate and a coaxial line;
the first dipole antenna is positioned on the first side of the dielectric substrate, and the second dipole antenna is positioned on the second side of the dielectric substrate; the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna are connected with the feed network through coaxial lines; the coupling ring is located between any two adjacent resonance arms in the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna and used for coupling with the any two adjacent resonance arms.
In one embodiment, the coupling loop is quadrilateral, and the slot is located on one side away from the center of the circularly polarized antenna.
In one embodiment, each of the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna comprises two resonance arms which are equal in length and orthogonal, and the two resonance arms are connected through an arc connecting line; the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna are centrosymmetric.
In one embodiment, the lengths of the two resonance arms which are equal in length and orthogonal are one quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of the circularly polarized antenna; the length of the circular arc connecting line is one fourth of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.
In one embodiment, the circularly polarized antenna includes four coupling loops, the four coupling loops are respectively located between any two adjacent resonant arms, and the four coupling loops are arranged in a central symmetric structure.
In one embodiment, the four coupling loops comprise a first coupling loop, a second coupling loop, a third coupling loop, and a fourth coupling loop; the first coupling ring is positioned between the two resonance arms of the first dipole antenna and positioned on the first side of the dielectric substrate; the second coupling ring is positioned between the two resonance arms of the second dipole antenna and positioned on the second side of the dielectric substrate; the third coupling ring is positioned between two adjacent resonance arms of the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna and positioned on the first side of the dielectric substrate; the fourth coupling ring is located between the other two adjacent resonance arms of the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna and located on the second side of the dielectric substrate.
In one embodiment, the circularly polarized antenna further comprises a reflector plate connected to an end of the coaxial line far from the dielectric substrate.
In one embodiment, the distance between the reflecting plate and the dielectric substrate is one quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.
In one embodiment, the array antenna includes four circular polarization antennas, and the four circular polarization antennas are arranged in a central symmetry manner.
In one embodiment, the distance between two adjacent circularly polarized antennas is three-quarters of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.
The circularly polarized antenna comprises a first dipole antenna, a second dipole antenna, at least one coupling ring with a gap, a dielectric substrate and a coaxial line. The first dipole antenna is located on the first side of the dielectric substrate, the second dipole antenna is located on the second side of the dielectric substrate, the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna are connected with the feed network through coaxial lines, and the coupling ring is located between any two adjacent resonance arms in the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna and used for being coupled with the any two adjacent resonance arms. The resonant frequency generated by the parasitic coupling ring is changed by adjusting the length of the gap of the coupling ring so as to be close to the resonant frequency of the first dipole antenna and/or the second dipole antenna, and further the bandwidth of electromagnetic signals is expanded.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any way. Other embodiments and other embodiments corresponding to the figures may also be obtained from these figures, as will be apparent to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a top view of an embodiment of a circularly polarized antenna;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a circularly polarized antenna according to another embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a simulation graph of a gain curve of a circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an array antenna;
FIG. 6 is a graph of axial ratio versus frequency for an array antenna in one embodiment;
fig. 7 is a radiation pattern of an array antenna in one embodiment.
Description of reference numerals:
100-circular polarized antenna
101-first dipole antenna
102-second dipole antenna
103-coupling ring
104-dielectric substrate
105-coaxial line
106-reflecting plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element. In addition, the connection can be for fixation or for coupling or communication.
It is further noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element identified by the phrase "comprising an …" does not exclude the presence of other identical or equivalent elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. Furthermore, the terms "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," and the like do not constitute absolute spatial relationship limitations, but rather are relative terms.
With the development of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), circularly polarized antennas have been continuously developed, improved and applied. In the field of satellite navigation positioning antennas, common circularly polarized antennas include patch antennas, helical antennas, and dipole antennas.
Based on the development trend of multisystemization of the satellite navigation positioning terminal equipment, the antenna needs to be wide in bandwidth and high in gain, and is widely applied to the satellite navigation positioning terminal system. Base stations in cities are increased under the current trend of everything interconnection, and the electromagnetic environment of the cities is complex and has large interference due to rapid development of the cities. The common microstrip patch antenna and the helical antenna cannot meet the requirement of multi-system broadband.
The present application provides a circular polarized antenna, fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the circular polarized antenna, fig. 2 is a schematic top-view structure diagram (a dotted line portion is located on the other side of the dielectric substrate) of the circular polarized antenna, and the circular polarized antenna 100 includes: a first dipole antenna 101, a second dipole antenna 102, at least one coupling ring 103 with a slit, a dielectric substrate 104 and a coaxial line 105.
The first dipole antenna 101 is located on a first side of the dielectric substrate 104, and the second dipole antenna 102 is located on a second side of the dielectric substrate 104. The first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102 are coaxially arranged and are connected to the feed network via a coaxial line 105. The coupling loop 103 is located between any adjacent two of the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102, and is configured to couple with the any adjacent two of the resonant arms.
As shown in fig. 1, the first side S1 and the second side S2 of the dielectric substrate 104 are two opposite surfaces of the dielectric substrate 104. As shown in fig. 2, the first dipole antenna 101 includes two resonance arms, namely a resonance arm a and a resonance arm B, and the second dipole antenna 102 also includes two resonance arms, namely a resonance arm a 'and a resonance arm B'.
The resonant arm A and the resonant arm B are two adjacent resonant arms, the resonant arm A 'and the resonant arm B' are two adjacent resonant arms, the resonant arm A 'and the resonant arm B are two adjacent resonant arms, and the resonant arm A and the resonant arm B' are also two adjacent resonant arms. The four resonant arms A, B, A 'and B' are sequentially fed with 90 ° phase difference, and form phases of 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °, respectively, thereby forming right-hand circular polarization.
Alternatively, the coupling loop 103 may be located between the resonance arm a and the resonance arm B of the first dipole antenna 101, may also be located between the resonance arm a 'and the resonance arm B' of the second dipole antenna 102, may also be located between the resonance arm a of the first dipole antenna 101 and the resonance arm B 'of the second dipole antenna 102, or may be located between the resonance arm B of the first dipole antenna 101 and the resonance arm a' of the second dipole antenna 102.
With continued reference to fig. 2, the coupling loop 103 with the slit is an open metal loop without a closed metal loop, and the length L of the slit can be changed to adjust the circumference of the coupling loop 103, so as to change the resonant frequency of the coupling loop 103, and accordingly change the high frequency/low frequency required for widening. Alternatively, the shape of the coupling loop 103 may be a rectangle, a circle, or another regular or irregular shape, and in this embodiment, the shape of the coupling loop 103 is not particularly limited.
Wherein, the coupling ring 103 is located on the surface of the dielectric substrate 104. It should be noted that, since the thickness of the dielectric substrate 104 is small, the coupling loop 103 can achieve coupling with two adjacent resonator arms no matter which side of the dielectric substrate 104 is disposed. Alternatively, the coupling loop 103 may be located on the first side of the dielectric substrate 104 together with the first dipole antenna 101, or may be located on the first side of the dielectric substrate 104 together with the second dipole antenna 102.
Alternatively, the dielectric substrate 104 is made of a material with a high dielectric constant, such as plastic or ceramic, and may be used to carry or attach the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102. The first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102 are made of metal microstrip lines. The first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102 may be obtained by etching a copper-clad layer on the surface of the dielectric substrate 104, together with the coupling ring 103 having a slit. The first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102 are used for generating radiation signals under the excitation of the feed source. The coaxial line 105 may be a 75 ohm feed line for electrically connecting the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102 with a feed network, i.e. a feed network circuit for providing radio frequency signals generated by the feed to the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102 through the coaxial line 105.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the circularly polarized antenna may further include a bottom plate and an insulating support pillar. The bottom plate and the dielectric substrate 104 are arranged oppositely and connected through the insulating support columns, and the joints can be fixed through screws. The bottom plate and the insulating support columns are clamped, so that the structure of the whole circularly polarized antenna is stable, the whole circularly polarized antenna is protected, and the service life of the circularly polarized antenna is prolonged.
The working process of the circularly polarized antenna is as follows:
the feed network provides radio frequency signals generated by the feed source for the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102 through the coaxial line 105, and the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102 generate electromagnetic signals under the excitation of the feed source. The four resonance arms A, B, A 'and B' of the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102 are sequentially fed by 90 ° in a phase difference manner, and phases of 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 ° are respectively formed, so that right-hand circular polarization is formed. The coupling loop 103 with the gap is coupled with the two resonance arms adjacent to the coupling loop 103, and the length of the gap of the coupling loop 103 is adjusted to enable the resonance frequency generated by the coupling loop 103 to be close to the resonance frequency of the first dipole antenna 101 and/or the second dipole antenna 102, so that the bandwidth of the generated electromagnetic signal is expanded.
In this embodiment, the circularly polarized antenna includes a first dipole antenna, a second dipole antenna, at least one coupling ring having a slit, a dielectric substrate, and a coaxial line. The first dipole antenna is located on the first side of the dielectric substrate, the second dipole antenna is located on the second side of the dielectric substrate, the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna are connected with the feed network through coaxial lines, and the coupling ring is located between any two adjacent resonance arms in the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna and used for being coupled with the any two adjacent resonance arms. The resonant frequency generated by the parasitic coupling ring is changed by adjusting the length of the gap of the coupling ring so as to be close to the resonant frequency of the first dipole antenna and/or the second dipole antenna, and further the bandwidth of electromagnetic signals is expanded.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the coupling loop 103 is quadrilateral. Wherein the slot is located on one side of the coupling ring 103, which is far from the center of the circularly polarized antenna.
As shown in fig. 2, the coupling loop 103 includes four sides, which are a, b, c, and d, where the side a and the side b are sides far away from the center of the circular polarized antenna, and the slot of the coupling loop 103 may be located at the side a or the side b. The center of the circular polarization antenna is the center feeding point of the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102.
In one embodiment, the specific structure of the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102 is as follows:
the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102 are two resonance arms that are equal in length and orthogonal, and the two resonance arms are connected through an arc connecting line.
As shown in fig. 2, the first dipole antenna 101 is electrically connected to the resonance arm a and the resonance arm B by a circular arc connecting line C, and the resonance arm a and the resonance arm B are equal in length and orthogonal to each other on an extension line thereof. The second dipole antenna 102 is electrically connected to the resonance arm a ' and the resonance arm B ' by a circular arc connecting line C ', and the resonance arm a ' and the resonance arm B ' are equal in length and orthogonal on an extension line thereof. The arc connecting line enables two connected resonance arms to be fed in a 90-degree phase difference mode.
Optionally, the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna are centrosymmetric. That is, the first dipole antenna 101 is rotated clockwise/counterclockwise by 180 ° to be overlapped with the second dipole antenna 102.
Optionally, the length of the two equal-length orthogonal resonant arms is one quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna. The length of the circular arc connecting line is one fourth of the corresponding wavelength of the central frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.
In one embodiment, to further increase the bandwidth, each circularly polarized antenna 100 includes four coupling loops 103 having slits, the four coupling loops 103 are respectively located between any two adjacent resonant arms, and the four coupling loops 103 are arranged in a central symmetric structure.
The four coupling rings 103 shown in fig. 2 are arranged in a central symmetrical structure, that is, any one of the four coupling rings 103 is sequentially rotated by 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° clockwise/counterclockwise.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102 both include two equal-length orthogonal resonator arms, the arrangement directions of the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102 are different by 180 °, the dielectric substrate 104 is divided into four regions by the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102, the four regions are regions (i) - (r), and the four regions are respectively provided with the coupling rings 103, so that each coupling ring 103 is coupled with two adjacent resonator arms thereof to expand the bandwidth. The arrangement mode enables any two adjacent resonance arms to be in signal coupling with the coupling loop 103, and further bandwidth is further expanded.
Alternatively, the four coupling loops 103 may all be located on the same side of the dielectric substrate 104, such as all being located on a first side of the dielectric substrate 104 on which the first dipole antenna 101 is disposed, or all being located on a second side of the dielectric substrate 104 on which the second dipole antenna 102 is disposed, or may be partially located on the first side of the dielectric substrate 104, and the other portion is located on the second side of the dielectric substrate.
In one embodiment, in order to improve the coupling effect, the coupling loop 103 needs to be disposed close to two adjacent resonant arms to be coupled, and the four coupling loops 103 are disposed as follows:
two of the four coupling loops 103 are on the same side of the dielectric substrate 104 as the first dipole antenna 101. One of the two coupling loops 103 is located between two equal-length orthogonal resonator arms of the first dipole antenna 101, and the other coupling loop is located between one resonator arm of the first dipole antenna 101 and one resonator arm of the second dipole antenna 102.
The other two of the four coupling loops 103 are on the same side of the dielectric substrate 104 as the second dipole antenna 102. One of the two further coupling loops 103 is located between two equal length orthogonal resonator arms of the second dipole antenna 102, and the other coupling loop is located between the other resonator arm of the first dipole antenna 101 and the other resonator arm 1 of the second dipole antenna 102.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the four coupling loops include a first coupling loop C1, a second coupling loop C2, a third coupling loop C3, and a fourth coupling loop C4. The first coupling loop C1 is located between two resonant arms of the first dipole antenna 101 and on the first side of the dielectric substrate 104, that is, the first coupling loop C1 is located in a region (i) between the adjacent resonant arm a and resonant arm B; the second coupling loop C2 is located between the two resonant arms of the second dipole antenna 102 and on the second side of the dielectric substrate 104, that is, the second coupling loop C2 is located in the region third between the adjacent resonant arm a 'and resonant arm B'; the third coupling ring C3 is located between two adjacent resonance arms of the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102, and is located on the first side of the dielectric substrate 104, that is, the third coupling ring C3 is located in a region between the adjacent resonance arm B and the adjacent resonance arm a ', or a region between the adjacent resonance arm a and the adjacent resonance arm B'; the fourth coupling loop C4 is located between two other adjacent resonator arms of the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102 and on the second side of the dielectric substrate 104, that is, if the third coupling loop C3 is located in the region (ii), the fourth coupling loop C4 is located in the region (iv), and if the third coupling loop C3 is located in the region (ii), the fourth coupling loop C4 is located in the region (iv).
In this embodiment, four coupling loops in the circularly polarized antenna are uniformly distributed between any two adjacent resonant arms formed by the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna, and in order to improve the coupling effect, the coupling loop 103 needs to be disposed close to the two adjacent resonant arms to be coupled.
In one embodiment, to further increase the gain, fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a circularly polarized antenna in another embodiment. The circularly polarized antenna provided in the previous embodiment further includes a reflection plate 106. The reflecting plate 106 is connected to an end of the coaxial line 105 remote from the dielectric substrate 104, and the reflecting plate 106 is spaced apart from the dielectric substrate 104 by the coaxial line 105.
Optionally, the coaxial line 105 has an inner and outer double-layer structure, and the inner and outer currents have opposite phases. The inner layer is connected to a first dipole antenna 101 and the outer layer is connected to a second dipole antenna 102. The coaxial line 105 enables a phase difference of 180 degrees to be generated between the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102, the arc extension line enables a phase difference of 90 degrees to be generated between the two resonance arms of the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102, and the coaxial line 105 and the arc extension line jointly act to enable the phases of the four resonance arms of the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102 to be 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees in sequence, so that right-hand circular polarization is formed.
Optionally, the distance between the reflective plate 106 and the dielectric substrate 104 is a quarter of a wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna. In this case, the gain relative bandwidth of the single circularly polarized antenna 100 may reach 30% (as shown in fig. 4).
In one embodiment, the present application further provides an array antenna comprising at least two circularly polarized antennas 100. Referring to fig. 1 to 3, each circular polarized antenna 100 includes:
a first dipole antenna 101, a second dipole antenna 102, at least one coupling ring 103 with a slit, a dielectric substrate 104 and a coaxial line 105.
The first dipole antenna 101 is located on a first side of the dielectric substrate 104, and the second dipole antenna 102 is located on a second side of the dielectric substrate 104; the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102 are connected with the feed network through a coaxial line 105; the coupling loop 103 is located between any adjacent two of the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102, and is configured to couple with the any adjacent two of the resonant arms.
In one embodiment, the coupling loop 103 is a quadrilateral, with the slot on one side away from the center of the circularly polarized antenna.
In one embodiment, each of the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102 includes two equal-length and orthogonal resonant arms, and the two resonant arms are connected by a circular arc connecting line; the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102 are centrosymmetric.
In one embodiment, the lengths of the two resonance arms which are equal in length and orthogonal are one quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of the circularly polarized antenna; the length of the circular arc connecting line is one fourth of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.
In one embodiment, the circularly polarized antenna includes four coupling loops 103, the four coupling loops 103 are respectively located between any two adjacent resonant arms, and the four coupling loops 103 are arranged in a central symmetric structure.
In one embodiment, the four coupling loops 103 include a first coupling loop C1, a second coupling loop C2, a third coupling loop C3, and a fourth coupling loop C4; wherein, the first coupling loop C1 is located between two resonator arms of the first dipole antenna 101 and located on the first side of the dielectric substrate 104; a second coupling loop C2 is located between the two resonator arms of the second dipole antenna 102 and on the second side of the dielectric substrate 104; the third coupling loop C3 is located between two adjacent resonator arms of the first dipole antenna 101 and the second dipole antenna 102, and is located on the first side of the dielectric substrate 104; a fourth coupling loop C4 is located between two other adjacent resonator arms of first dipole antenna 101 and second dipole antenna 102 and on the second side of dielectric substrate 104.
In one embodiment, the circularly polarized antenna 100 further comprises a reflection plate 106, and the reflection plate 106 is connected to an end of the coaxial line 105 far from the dielectric substrate.
In one embodiment, the distance between the reflective plate 106 and the dielectric substrate 104 is a quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.
It should be noted that the array antenna provided in this embodiment includes the circularly polarized antenna in any of the above embodiments, and the specific result and the functions that can be implemented are the same.
In one embodiment, in order to improve the circular polarization performance of the entire array antenna, the array antenna provided in this embodiment includes four circular polarization antennas 100, and the four circular polarization antennas 100 are arranged in a central symmetry manner.
As shown in FIG. 5, the four circularly polarized antennas 100 are circularly polarized antennas T1-T4. The top layer is a first side of the dielectric substrate 104 on which the first dipole antenna 101 is disposed, and the bottom layer is a second side of the dielectric substrate 104 on which the second dipole antenna 102 is disposed. In this embodiment, four coupling loops 103 of each circularly polarized antenna are disposed on the first side of the dielectric substrate 140.
The four circularly polarized antennas T1-T4 are arranged in a centrosymmetric 2 x 2 array, and the four circularly polarized antennas T1-T4 are respectively connected to the feed network through phase-shifting common dividers, so that phase differences of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees are formed counterclockwise.
The arrangement of the four circularly polarized antennas T1 to T4 shown in fig. 5 in a centrosymmetric 2 × 2 array is obtained by sequentially rotating any one of the circularly polarized antennas clockwise/counterclockwise by 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °.
Optionally, the four circularly polarized antennas are arranged at equal intervals, and the distance between two adjacent circularly polarized antennas is three-quarter wavelength of the central frequency of the antennas.
As shown in FIG. 6, the axial ratio bandwidth of the array antenna AR < 3 including four circularly polarized antennas can reach 200%, and the antenna gain bandwidth can still reach 30% (as shown in FIG. 7).
In this embodiment, the array antenna formed by the four circularly polarized antennas not only improves the overall gain, but also has a 90-degree phase difference between two adjacent circularly polarized antennas, so that a good axial ratio can be obtained by matching with the broadband phase-shifting power divider, the circular polarization performance of the whole array antenna is improved, and the requirement of being applied to multi-system broadband high gain is met.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific/preferred embodiments and is not intended to limit the practice of the invention to those descriptions. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various substitutions and modifications can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these substitutions and modifications should be considered to fall within the scope of the invention. In the description of the present specification, reference to the description of "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "preferred embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A circularly polarized antenna, comprising: the antenna comprises a first dipole antenna, a second dipole antenna, at least one coupling ring with a gap, a dielectric substrate and a coaxial line;
the first dipole antenna is located on a first side of the dielectric substrate, the second dipole antenna is located on a second side of the dielectric substrate, and the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna are connected with the feed network through the coaxial line; the coupling ring is located between any two adjacent resonance arms in the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna and used for being coupled with any two adjacent resonance arms.
2. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the coupling loop is quadrilateral, and the slot is located on an edge away from a center of the circularly polarized antenna.
3. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 2, wherein the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna each comprise two equal-length and orthogonal resonator arms, and the two resonator arms are connected by a circular arc connecting line; the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna are centrosymmetric.
4. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 3, wherein the two equal-length orthogonal resonant arms have a length of one quarter of a wavelength corresponding to a center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna; the length of the circular arc connecting line is one quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.
5. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 3 or 4, wherein the circularly polarized antenna comprises four coupling loops, the four coupling loops are respectively located between any two adjacent resonant arms, and the four coupling loops are arranged in a central symmetrical structure.
6. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 3 or 4, wherein the four coupling loops comprise a first coupling loop, a second coupling loop, a third coupling loop and a fourth coupling loop;
the first coupling ring is positioned between the two resonance arms of the first dipole antenna and positioned on the first side of the dielectric substrate;
the second coupling ring is located between the two resonance arms of the second dipole antenna and located on the second side of the dielectric substrate;
the third coupling ring is positioned between two adjacent resonance arms of the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna and positioned on the first side of the dielectric substrate;
the fourth coupling ring is located between the other two adjacent resonance arms of the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna and located on the second side of the dielectric substrate.
7. The circularly polarized antenna of any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a reflective plate attached to an end of the coaxial line remote from the dielectric substrate.
8. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 7, wherein the distance between the reflector and the dielectric substrate is one quarter of a wavelength corresponding to a center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.
9. An array antenna comprising at least two circularly polarized antennas according to any of claims 1 to 8.
10. The array antenna of claim 9, wherein the array antenna comprises four circularly polarized antennas, and the four circularly polarized antennas are arranged in a central symmetry manner.
11. The array antenna of claim 9 or 10, wherein the distance between two adjacent circularly polarized antennas is three-quarters of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the circularly polarized antennas.
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| CN202210507288.6A CN114614251A (en) | 2022-05-11 | 2022-05-11 | Circularly polarized antenna and array antenna |
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| CN202210507288.6A CN114614251A (en) | 2022-05-11 | 2022-05-11 | Circularly polarized antenna and array antenna |
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