CN114614250A - Vortex electromagnetic wave antenna based on Fabry-Perot resonant cavity - Google Patents
Vortex electromagnetic wave antenna based on Fabry-Perot resonant cavity Download PDFInfo
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- CN114614250A CN114614250A CN202210500926.1A CN202210500926A CN114614250A CN 114614250 A CN114614250 A CN 114614250A CN 202210500926 A CN202210500926 A CN 202210500926A CN 114614250 A CN114614250 A CN 114614250A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/185—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of vortex electromagnetic wave antennas, and particularly provides a vortex electromagnetic wave antenna based on a Fabry-Perot resonant cavity, which is used for solving the problems of low gain, short transmission distance, large diffusion angle, complex external feed network and the like of the existing vortex electromagnetic wave. The invention comprises the following steps: the antenna comprises a metal reflecting surface 1, a partial reflecting surface 2, a spiral phase plate 3 and a microstrip rectangular patch antenna 4, wherein the spiral phase plate is divided into a plurality of parts according to a mode of equally dividing a central angle with the center as a circle centernThe thickness of each dielectric block is increased clockwise or anticlockwise sequentially; providing respective wavefront phase delays for the plane electromagnetic waves with different azimuth angles through different medium thicknesses, and converting the plane electromagnetic waves into vortex electromagnetic waves with the mode number of +1 or-1; finally, the design of the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna with high gain and low scattering angle without a complex external feed network is realized, and the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in processing and low cost, and has a better application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of vortex electromagnetic wave antennas, relates to a vortex wave generator, and particularly provides a vortex electromagnetic wave antenna based on a Fabry-Perot resonant cavity.
Background
Electromagnetic waves are the main carriers for information transmission in modern wireless communication networks, and the most common are plane waves and spherical waves; however, with the rapid development of wireless communication technology, spectrum resources are widely developed and utilized, but the capacity requirement of information transmission still cannot be met. Compared with a plane wave, the vortex electromagnetic wave has the difference that the vortex electromagnetic wave has a spiral wave front phase, the equiphase surface of the vortex electromagnetic wave is propagated in a vortex state, and the phase appears on the same section2πlThe vortex electromagnetic waves have different phase distribution characteristics and phase order characteristics, and therefore carry extra dimensionality. Theoretically speaking, the vortex electromagnetic wave has infinite modes, each mode can be simultaneously transmitted at the same frequency, and the modes are orthogonal and do not influence each other; therefore, the vortex electromagnetic wave is a new form of information propagation taking electromagnetism as a carrier, which can greatly expand the communication capacity, and simultaneously, the multiple multiplexing modes of the modes provide higher freedom for information transmission.
There are three common methods for generating a swirling electromagnetic wave: the antenna array, the plane wave torsion and the patch excitation high-order mode method are adopted, but the existing vortex electromagnetic wave antenna has low gain and short transmission distance, and meanwhile, the vortex electromagnetic wave has an inevitable diffusion angle, so that the practical engineering application of the vortex electromagnetic wave is very limited. The Fabry-Perot resonant cavity is a good choice for increasing the gain of vortex electromagnetic waves and reducing the diffusion angle of the vortex electromagnetic waves, but the vortex wave generators based on the Fabry-Perot resonant cavity, which are proposed at present, all use vortex electromagnetic wave antennas as feed sources, and usually require complex external circuits to provide required phases for the vortex electromagnetic wave antennas; the complicated external feed network greatly increases the design complexity and the integration difficulty, and also increases the cost of the antenna. Therefore, there is a need for a high gain, low scattering angle vortex electromagnetic wave generator without a complex external feed network.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Fabry-Perot resonant cavity-based vortex electromagnetic wave antenna aiming at the problems of low gain, short transmission distance, large diffusion angle, complex external feed network and the like of the existing vortex electromagnetic wave, so as to improve the flexibility of design, expand the application range and reduce the application cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a vortex electromagnetic wave antenna based on a fabry-perot resonator comprising: the antenna comprises a metal reflecting surface 1, a partial reflecting surface 2, a spiral phase plate 3 and a microstrip rectangular patch antenna 4; characterized in that the metal reflecting surface comprises: the metal floor of medium base plate and lower surface, microstrip rectangle paster antenna sets up in the central point of metal plane of reflection upper surface and connects to metal floor through the metallization via hole, partial plane of reflection is located metal plane of reflection top, and forms the air chamber between the two, and partial plane of reflection includes: a dielectric substrate and a partially reflective array antenna on a lower surface thereof; the spiral phase plate is arranged on the upper surface of the partial reflecting surface and is divided into a plurality of equal parts according to a central angle with the center as the circle centernA dielectric block, a dielectric layer and a dielectric layer,nthe dielectric blocks are made of the same dielectric material, and the thickness of the dielectric blocks is gradually increased according to the sequence of the pins or anticlockwise.
Further, in the above-mentioned case,nthe value range of (a) is an integer of 4 or more.
Further, incremental step sizesΔhComprises the following steps:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,λis the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the air,ε r is the relative permittivity of the dielectric block.
Furthermore, the partial reflection array antenna is formed by arranging M multiplied by N partial reflection antenna units at equal intervals periodically, and the partial reflection antenna units are rectangular patches.
In terms of working principle:
the invention provides a vortex electromagnetic wave antenna based on a Fabry-Perot resonant cavity, wherein a partial reflecting surface is positioned right above a metal reflecting surface, electromagnetic waves are radiated by a microstrip rectangular patch antenna (feed source) and then are continuously reflected and transmitted on the partial reflecting surface and the metal reflecting surface, and the transmitted electromagnetic waves are superposed in phase to realize high-gain wave beams;
the spiral phase plate is of a pure dielectric structure, has a rectangular section, and is divided intonEach dielectric block has thickness increasing in the clockwise or anticlockwise direction and step lengthΔhExpressed as:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,λis the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the air,ε r is the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric block;
the planar electromagnetic waves with different azimuth angles are provided with respective wavefront phase delays through different medium thicknesses, and the planar electromagnetic waves are converted into vortex electromagnetic waves with the mode number of +1 (or-1).
In summary, the invention provides a vortex electromagnetic wave antenna based on a fabry-perot resonant cavity, and a spiral phase plate is loaded on the back of a part of reflecting surfaces of the fabry-perot resonant cavity, so that corresponding wave front phase delays are provided for high-gain plane electromagnetic waves generated by the fabry-perot resonant cavity at different azimuth angles, and the plane electromagnetic waves are converted into vortex electromagnetic waves with a mode number of +1 (or-1); finally, the design of the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna with high gain and low scattering angle without a complex external feed network is realized, and the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in processing and low cost, and has a better application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vortex electromagnetic wave antenna based on a fabry-perot resonator according to the present invention, in which 1 is a metal reflecting surface, 2 is a partial reflecting surface, 3 is a spiral phase plate, and 4 is a microstrip rectangular patch antenna.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal reflecting surface and a rectangular microstrip patch antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a partially reflective antenna array in a partially reflective surface according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the spiral phase plate of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of the spiral phase plate according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the S of a Fabry-Perot resonator based vortex electromagnetic wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention11And (4) a simulation result curve graph of the parameters.
FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional far-field radiation pattern at 10GHz of a Fabry-Perot resonator-based vortex electromagnetic wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a two-dimensional pattern at 10GHz for a Fabry-Perot cavity based vortex electromagnetic wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a graph of the amplitude distribution of the 10GHz tangential electric field of the Fabry-Perot resonant cavity-based vortex electromagnetic wave antenna according to the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 10 is a 10GHz tangential electric field phase distribution diagram of a Fabry-Perot resonator-based vortex electromagnetic wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention more clear and complete, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The present embodiment provides a vortex electromagnetic wave antenna based on a fabry-perot resonator, and the structure of the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna is shown in fig. 1, which specifically includes: the antenna comprises a metal reflecting surface 1, a partial reflecting surface 2, a spiral phase plate 3 and a microstrip rectangular patch antenna 4; wherein:
the metal reflecting surface 1 includes: a dielectric substrate and a metal floor on the lower surface thereof;
the microstrip rectangular patch antenna 4 is used as a feed source and is printed in the center of the upper surface of the metal reflecting surface 1, the microstrip rectangular patch antenna adopts offset feed and is connected to the metal floor through a metallized through hole, as shown in figure 2;
the partially reflecting surface 2 includes: the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate and a partial reflection array antenna on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, wherein the partial reflection array antenna is composed of M multiplied by N partial reflection antenna units which are periodically arranged at equal intervals, as shown in FIG. 3;
the partial reflecting surface 2 is positioned above the metal reflecting surface 1, and an air cavity is formed between the partial reflecting surface and the metal reflecting surface;
the spiral phase plate 3 is arranged on the upper surface of the partial reflecting surface 2, the spiral phase plate is divided into 8 dielectric blocks according to a central angle equal division mode taking the center as a circle center, the 8 dielectric blocks are made of the same dielectric material, and the thicknesses of the dielectric blocks are sequentially increased progressively according to a clockwise direction or an anticlockwise direction, as shown in fig. 4 and 5; any dielectric block can be used as a starting point.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, the metal reflecting surface and the partial reflecting surface are made of the same dielectric substrate, and the dielectric substrate has a relative dielectric constant of 3.55, a loss angle of 0.64, and a thickness of 0.813 mm; the partial reflection antenna units are all rectangular patches with the same size, the size of each patch is 8mm multiplied by 8mm, and the size of the partial reflection antenna array is 12 multiplied by 12; the section of the spiral phase plate is rectangular and is divided into 8 dielectric blocks, each dielectric block is a right-angle triangular prism, the spiral phase plate adopts a full-dielectric structure, the dielectric constant of each dielectric block is 2.684, and the dielectric blocks are sequentially 2mm, 7.875mm, 13.75mm, 19.625mm, 25.5mm, 31.375mm, 37.25mm and 43.125mm according to the thicknesses of numbers 3-1 to 3-8, namely, the dielectric blocks are increased in an anticlockwise mode.
Simulation tests are performed on the vortex electromagnetic wave antenna based on the fabry-perot resonator in the embodiment, and the results are shown in fig. 6 to 10; wherein, as shown in fig. 6, the S parameter of the antenna can obtain that S11 is less than-10 dB in the frequency band of 9.81 GHz-10.01 GHz, and the impedance matching is good; as shown in fig. 7, the three-dimensional radiation pattern of the antenna at 10GHz can be seen, where there is a radiation zero point at the center of the radiation direction, which conforms to the vortex electromagnetic wave characteristic, and the gain is 12.1 dBi; as shown in fig. 8, the directional diagram of the antenna at 10GHz can obtain a divergence angle of 16 degrees; as shown in fig. 9 and 10, which are distributions of the amplitude and the phase of the tangential electric field of the antenna radiating the near field at 10GHz, it can be seen that the minimum value of the electric field energy can be obtained at the center, the electric field energy is mainly concentrated around the center, and the phase distribution is spiral and changes 360 degrees clockwise around the center. Simulation results show that the invention can generate the vortex electromagnetic wave with high gain and smaller diffusion angle and the mode number of +1 without any complex external feed network, has simple and convenient manufacture, lower cost and good application prospect.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Claims (4)
1. A vortex electromagnetic wave antenna based on a fabry-perot resonator comprising: the antenna comprises a metal reflecting surface (1), a partial reflecting surface (2), a spiral phase plate (3) and a micro-strip rectangular patch antenna (4); characterized in that the metal reflecting surface comprises: the metal floor of medium base plate and lower surface, microstrip rectangle paster antenna sets up in the central point of metal plane of reflection upper surface and connects to metal floor through the metallization via hole, partial plane of reflection is located metal plane of reflection top, and forms the air chamber between the two, and partial plane of reflection includes: a dielectric substrate and a partially reflective array antenna on a lower surface thereof; the spiral phase plate is arranged on the upper surface of the partial reflecting surface and takes the center as a circleThe central angle of the heart is divided intonA dielectric block, a dielectric layer and a dielectric layer,nthe dielectric blocks are made of the same dielectric material, and the thickness of the dielectric blocks is gradually increased according to the clockwise direction or the anticlockwise direction.
2. A Fabry-Perot cavity based gyromagnetic wave antenna as claimed in claim 1,nthe value range of (a) is an integer of 4 or more.
3. A fabry-perot cavity based gyromagnetic wave antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the incremental step sizeΔhComprises the following steps:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,λis the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the air,ε r is the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric block.
4. A fabry-perot resonator based gyromagnetic wave antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the partially reflecting array antenna comprises M x N partially reflecting antenna elements periodically arranged at equal intervals, and the partially reflecting antenna elements are rectangular patches.
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Citations (7)
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| WO2005069443A1 (en) * | 2004-01-19 | 2005-07-28 | Roke Manor Research Limited | Parabolic reflector |
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| CN105449376A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-03-30 | 清华大学 | Planar array antenna with changeable wave beam inclination angle |
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| CN210690981U (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-06-05 | 深圳力策科技有限公司 | Adjustable optical phase array |
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- 2022-05-10 CN CN202210500926.1A patent/CN114614250B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
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| WO2005069443A1 (en) * | 2004-01-19 | 2005-07-28 | Roke Manor Research Limited | Parabolic reflector |
| CN105244571A (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2016-01-13 | 深圳三星通信技术研究有限公司 | Dielectric waveguide filter |
| CN105449376A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-03-30 | 清华大学 | Planar array antenna with changeable wave beam inclination angle |
| US20170162949A1 (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2017-06-08 | Tsinghua University | Planar array antenna with changeable beam angle |
| US20190296450A1 (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2019-09-26 | Xidian University | High Order Vortex Wave Antenna and Device and Method for Generating and Receiving High Order Vortex Wave |
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