CN114614190A - Electrochemical device and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Electrochemical device and electronic equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114614190A
CN114614190A CN202210203265.6A CN202210203265A CN114614190A CN 114614190 A CN114614190 A CN 114614190A CN 202210203265 A CN202210203265 A CN 202210203265A CN 114614190 A CN114614190 A CN 114614190A
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China
Prior art keywords
electrochemical device
cavity
seal
separator
electrode assembly
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Granted
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CN202210203265.6A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN114614190B (en
Inventor
郝慧
李晨晨
何平
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Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
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Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/293—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/623—Portable devices, e.g. mobile telephones, cameras or pacemakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/222—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/224—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/247—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for portable devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers, hand tools or pacemakers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

An electrochemical device includes a first case, a second case, a separator, a first electrode assembly, and a second electrode assemblyTwo electrode assemblies; the separator is arranged between the first shell and the second shell, and the electrochemical device is provided with a first cavity and a second cavity on two sides of the separator respectively; the first electrode assembly is arranged in the first cavity, and the second electrode assembly is arranged in the second cavity; the first shell comprises a first seal area located on the first seal portion, the second shell comprises a second seal area located on the first seal portion, the isolating piece comprises a third seal area located on the first seal portion and an isolating portion located between the first cavity and the second cavity, and the thermal conductivity of the isolating portion in the thickness direction is lambda1The thermal conductivity of the first seal part along the direction from the first seal area to the second seal area is lambda2And λ1/λ2Not less than 1. Through the mode, the electrochemical device has excellent heat dissipation capacity, and the safety performance of the electrochemical device can be improved.

Description

Electrochemical device and electronic equipment
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to battery technologies, and particularly to an electrochemical device and an electronic apparatus.
Background
Currently, lithium ion batteries are widely used in electronic products such as mobile phones, tablet computers, notebook computers and the like. In some application scenarios, a single lithium ion battery cell cannot achieve output of desired power; therefore, a plurality of lithium ion battery cells are generally connected in series or in parallel or in series-parallel with each other, so that the plurality of lithium ion battery cells cooperate together to achieve output of desired power. However, although the output power can be improved by connecting a plurality of lithium ion battery cells in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel, the energy density of the entire battery pack is low. Accordingly, a design of an internal series/parallel battery including a case and a plurality of series or parallel electrode assemblies disposed in the case is proposed. However, the inventors of the present application found that: although the energy density can be improved by connecting a plurality of electrode assemblies in series or in parallel or in series-parallel in the same shell, the heat dissipation effect of the whole battery is poor, particularly at the interface between the electrode assemblies, so that local thermal runaway is caused, and potential safety hazards are brought.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application provides an electrochemical device and an electronic device, which improve the problems of poor heat dissipation effect of the internal series/parallel batteries.
According to one aspect of the present application, there is provided an electrochemical device including a first case, a second case, a separator, a first electrode assembly, and a second electrode assembly. The separator is arranged between the first shell and the second shell, and the electrochemical device is respectively arranged at two sides of the separatorThere is a first cavity and a second cavity. The first electrode assembly is arranged in the first cavity, and the second electrode assembly is arranged in the second cavity. In addition, the electrochemical device includes a first seal portion, the first case includes a first seal region located at the first seal portion, the second case includes a second seal region located at the first seal portion, the second seal region is disposed opposite to the first seal region, and the separator includes a third seal region located at the first seal portion and a separator located between the first cavity and the second cavity. The thermal conductivity of the isolation part along the thickness direction of the isolation part is lambda1The thermal conductivity of the first sealing part along the direction from the first sealing area to the second sealing area is lambda2And λ1/λ2Is more than or equal to 1. By satisfying lambda1/λ2More than or equal to 1, the heat between the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly can be more quickly transferred to the isolating part of the isolating piece and more quickly transferred to the first sealing part through the isolating piece, so that the diffusion of the heat inside the electrochemical device to the periphery is promoted, the heat dissipation effect inside the electrochemical device is further improved, and the safety of the electrochemical device is improved.
In an alternative mode, λ1/λ2Less than or equal to 10. Further, in an optional manner, λ1/λ2Less than or equal to 5.5. At the moment, the thickness direction of the first sealing part has better heat conductivity, and the heat transmitted from the isolating part can be diffused to the surface of the shell of the electrochemical device through the first sealing part in time, so that the dissipation of the heat in the electrochemical device is promoted, the heat dissipation effect in the electrochemical device is further improved, and the safety of the electrochemical device is improved.
In an alternative manner, λ1Not less than 0.35W/(m.K), and/or lambda2Not less than 0.05W/(m.K). Further, in an optional manner, λ1Not less than 0.5W/(m.K), and/or lambda2Not less than 0.2W/(m.K). In this case, the separator and/or the first seal portion have more excellent thermal conductivity in the thickness direction, and the diffusion of heat from the inside of the electrochemical device to the periphery and the surface of the case can be further promotedThereby further improving the safety of the electrochemical device.
In an alternative form, the peel force F1 between the first and third seal regions is greater than or equal to 10N/8mm, and/or the peel force F2 between the second and third seal regions is greater than or equal to 10N/8 mm. Further, in an alternative way, the peel force F1 between the first and third sealing zones is greater than or equal to 30N/8mm, and/or the peel force F2 between the second and third sealing zones is greater than or equal to 30N/8 mm. At this moment, the fusibility between the first sealing area and the third sealing area and/or between the second sealing area and the third sealing area is better, the heat can be further promoted to diffuse to the surface of the shell from the third sealing area, and the first sealing part has better encapsulation reliability, can inhibit the electrochemical device from tearing between the shell and the separator in the process of receiving external impact (such as falling, impacting and the like), and improves the reliability and the safety of the electrochemical device.
In an alternative mode, the separator includes a substrate layer, and a material of the substrate layer includes at least one of a metal and a carbon material. The material of the base material layer may include a metal or a carbon material, which may have excellent thermal conductivity, thereby further promoting diffusion of heat from the separator to the first seal portion and improving the heat dissipation effect inside the electrochemical device.
In an optional manner, the separator further includes an encapsulation layer located on the surface of the substrate layer, and the material of the encapsulation layer includes at least one of polypropylene, modified polypropylene, polyethylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, or ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer.
In an alternative form, the metal includes at least one of Ni, Ti, Cu, Ag, Au, Pt, Fe, Sn, Co, Cr, W, Mo, Al, Mg, K, Na, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ge, Sb, Pb, In, Zn, or stainless steel, and the carbon material includes at least one of a carbon felt, a carbon film, carbon black, acetylene black, fullerene, a conductive graphite film, or a graphene film.
In an alternative mode, the first seal portion satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (a) the first shell comprises a first metal layer, the distance between the first metal layer and the first base material layer at the first seal part is D1, and D1 is less than or equal to 70 μm, (b) the first shell comprises a second metal layer, the distance between the second metal layer and the first base material layer at the first seal part is D2, and D2 is less than or equal to 70 μm. At this time, in the first seal portion, the distance between the high thermal conductive substrate layer in the separator and the high thermal conductive metal layer in the housing is small, so that the diffusion of the heat of the separator to the surface of the housing can be further promoted, and the heat dissipation effect inside the electrochemical device can be improved.
In an alternative form, the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly are connected in series.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided an electronic apparatus including the electrochemical device as described above.
The beneficial effect of this application is: by setting the thermal conductivity of the partition in the thickness direction thereof to λ1The first seal portion has a thermal conductivity in its thickness direction of λ2And satisfy lambda1/λ2The heat dissipation device comprises a separator, a first sealing part, a second sealing part and a heat dissipation part, wherein the separator is arranged between the first sealing part and the second sealing part, the first sealing part is arranged between the first sealing part and the second sealing part, the second sealing part is arranged between the first sealing part and the second sealing part, and the second sealing part is arranged between the first sealing part and the second sealing part.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an electrochemical device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of an electrochemical device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the entire structure of an electrochemical device according to an embodiment of the present application exploded from another angle;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a housing and a separator of an electrochemical device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in FIG. 5;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the present application, the present application is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for descriptive purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In addition, the technical features mentioned in the different embodiments of the present application described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 6 together, the electrochemical device 1 includes a first case 100, a second case 200, a separator 300, a first electrode assembly 400 and a second electrode assembly 500. The first casing 100 and the second casing 200 together enclose an entire housing of the electrochemical device 1. The spacer 300 is disposed between the first and second housings 100 and 200. The electrochemical device 1 is provided with a first cavity 101 and a second cavity 102 on two sides of a separator 300. The first electrode assembly 400 is disposed in the first chamber 101, and the second electrode assembly 500 is disposed in the second chamber 102. The electrochemical device 1 includes a first seal portion 600, and the first seal portion 600 is formed by the mutual connection among the first case 100, the second case 200, and the separator 300. In order to better understand the specific structure of the electrochemical device 1, the first case 100, the second case 200, the separator 300, the first electrode assembly 400, the second electrode assembly 500, and the first seal portion 600 will be described in detail below.
As for the first casing 100 and the second casing 200, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the first casing 100 and the second casing 200 are disposed opposite to each other along the first predetermined direction X, and define a receiving space therebetween. The first casing 100 is a box-like structure including a first cavity 110 and a first peripheral portion 120. The first cavity 110 is recessed toward a side away from the second housing 200 to form a cavity. Specifically, the first cavity portion 110 includes a first bottom wall and a first side wall extending from an edge of the first bottom wall along the first predetermined direction X, and the first bottom wall and the first side wall jointly enclose the cavity; the cavity of the first cavity portion 110 is disposed toward the second housing 200. The first peripheral portion 120 has a sheet-like structure, and is disposed around the first cavity portion 110; the first peripheral portion 120 is formed to extend outward from an open end of the first cavity portion 110. Similarly, the second housing 200 is also a generally box-like structure, and includes a second cavity portion 210 and a second peripheral portion 220. Wherein, the second cavity portion 210 is recessed toward a side away from the first housing 100 to form a cavity. In this embodiment, the second cavity 210 includes a second bottom wall and a second side wall extending from an edge of the second bottom wall along the first predetermined direction X, and the second bottom wall and the second side wall jointly enclose a cavity of the second cavity 210; the cavity of the second cavity portion 210 is disposed toward the first housing 100. The second peripheral portion 220 has a sheet-like structure, and is disposed around the second cavity portion 210; the second peripheral portion 220 is formed to extend outwardly from the open end of the second chamber portion 210. In this embodiment, the first casing 100 and the second casing 200 are two independent structures, the respective cavities of the first cavity 110 and the second cavity are formed by stamping, and the first casing 100 and the second casing 200 are fixed to the spacer 300 respectively. It is understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the first casing 100 and the second casing 200 may be integrally formed; specifically, the same sheet-like structure is folded after punching two cavities to form the first casing 100 and the second casing 200 which are oppositely arranged.
As for the materials of the first casing 100 and the second casing 200, the materials are various. Taking the first casing 100 as an example, as shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, the first casing 100 includes a first insulating material layer 130, a first metal layer 140, and a second insulating material layer 150, which are stacked. The first metal layer 140 is provided between the first insulating material layer 130 and the second insulating material layer 150 in the thickness direction of the sheet of the first case 100, and the second insulating material layer 150 is provided facing the separator 300. Alternatively, the material of the first metal layer 140 includes aluminum, and the material of the first insulating material layer 130 and/or the second insulating material layer 150 includes polypropylene; of course, other embodiments of the present disclosure can also be adapted based on the above, for example, the first metal layer 140 includes an aluminum alloy, a copper alloy, etc., and the first insulating material layer 130 and/or the second insulating material layer 150 includes at least one of modified polypropylene, polyethylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, or ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer. The second case 200 includes a third insulating material layer 230, a second metal layer 240, and a fourth insulating material layer 250. The second metal layer 240 is disposed between the third insulating material layer 230 and the fourth insulating material layer 250 along the thickness direction of the sheet of the second housing 200, the fourth insulating material layer 250 is disposed facing the spacer 300, and the material of the second housing 200 is substantially the same as that of the first housing 100, which will not be described in detail herein.
In some embodiments, the first peripheral portion 120 is provided with a first sealing region 120a, and the first sealing region 120a is used for connection with the separator 300, so as to form the closed first cavity 101. The connection between the first seal region 120a and the spacer 300 may be a hot melt fixing, a glue fixing, or the like.
In some embodiments, the second peripheral portion 220 is provided with a second seal area 220a, and the second seal area 220a is used for connection with the separator 300, so as to form the closed second cavity 102. The connection between the second seal region 220a and the spacer 300 may be a hot melt fixing, a glue fixing, or the like.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, which respectively show a sectional view of the electrochemical device 1 along a line a-a in fig. 1 and a partially enlarged view of the electrochemical device 1 at a position B, the separator 300 is disposed between the first casing 100 and the second casing 200, so that the separator 300 partitions the accommodating space enclosed by the first casing 100 and the second casing 200, and further forms a first cavity 101 and a second cavity 102 respectively located at two sides of the separator 300 along the thickness direction; that is, the electrochemical device 1 is provided with the first cavity 101 and the second cavity 102 on both sides of the separator 300. The first cavity 101 is defined by the spacer 300 and the first casing 100, and the second cavity 102 is defined by the spacer 300 and the second casing 200. Specifically, the spacer 300 has a sheet-like structure including a spacer portion and a connection portion. The isolation portion is accommodated in the accommodating space, is opposite to the first cavity portion 110, and is located between the first cavity 101 and the second cavity 102. The connecting portion is disposed around the isolation portion and located between the first peripheral portion 120 and the second peripheral portion 220; the connection portions are fixedly connected to the first and second peripheral portions 120 and 220, respectively, to form a first seal portion 600 of the electrochemical device, and specifically, one side of the connection portion is connected to the first seal region 120a, and the other side of the connection portion is connected to the second seal region 220 a.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the spacer 300 includes a third sealing region 300a located in the first sealing portion 600, the third sealing region 300a is located between the first sealing region 120a and the second sealing region 220a, and one side surface of the third sealing region 300a is connected to the first sealing region 120a and the other side surface of the third sealing region 300a is connected to the second sealing region 220 a. Alternatively, the third sealing region 300a is located on the above-described connection portion. It can be understood that: the connection between the third sealing region 300a and the first sealing region 120a, and the connection between the third sealing region 300a and the second sealing region 220a may be hot melt fixing, glue fixing, and the like.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the separator 300 includes a substrate layer 310 and an encapsulation layer 320, the encapsulation layer 320 is located on a surface of the substrate layer 310, and a material of the substrate layer 310 includes at least one of a metal or a carbon material. The spacer 300 is thermally fused to the first casing 100 through the sealing layer 320; in this embodiment, the package layer 320 is further fixed to the second housing 200 by heat fusion. In this way, the edge of the first and second cases 100 and 200 may be sealed while the first and second cases 100 and 200 are fixed. Optionally, the material of the encapsulation layer 320 includes at least one of polypropylene, modified polypropylene, polyethylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, or ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer.
As the metal, the metal includes at least one of Ni, Ti, Cu, Ag, Au, Pt, Fe, Sn, Co, Cr, W, Mo, Al, Mg, K, Na, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ge, Sb, Pb, In, Zn, or stainless steel.
For the above carbon material, the carbon material includes at least one of a carbon felt, a carbon film, carbon black, acetylene black, fullerene, a conductive graphite film, or a graphene film.
In some embodiments, the distance between the side of the first metal layer 140 on the first case 100 close to the spacer 300 and the side of the substrate layer 310 close to the first case 100 is D1, and D1 ≦ 70 μm.
In some embodiments, the distance between the side of the second metal layer 240 on the second case 200 close to the spacer 300 and the side of the substrate layer 310 close to the second case 200 is D2, and D2 ≦ 70 μm.
In some embodiments, the septumThe thermal conductivity of the spacer in the separate member 300 in the thickness direction thereof is λ1The thermal conductivity of the first seal portion 600 along the direction from the first seal region 120a to the second seal region 220a is λ2And λ1/λ2Not less than 1. With the arrangement, the heat generated in the electrochemical device can be more quickly transferred to the isolating part and more quickly transferred to the first sealing part through the isolating part 300, so that the heat in the electrochemical device is promoted to be diffused all around, the heat dissipation effect in the electrochemical device is improved, and the safety of the electrochemical device is improved.
Further, in some embodiments, λ1/λ2Less than or equal to 10. Further, in some embodiments, λ1/λ2Less than or equal to 5.5. At this time, the first sealing part 600 has a good thermal conductivity in the thickness direction, and the heat transferred from the separating part can be diffused to the surface of the casing of the electrochemical device through the first sealing part 600 in time, so that dissipation of the heat inside the electrochemical device is promoted, the heat dissipation effect inside the electrochemical device is further improved, and the safety of the electrochemical device is improved.
Optionally, λ1Not less than 0.35W/(m.K). Optionally, λ2Not less than 0.05W/(m.K). Optionally, λ1Not less than 0.5W/(m.K). Optionally, λ2≥0.2W/(m·K)。
In some embodiments, the peel force F1 between the first and third sealing regions 120a and 300a is greater than or equal to 10N/8mm in order to make the connection between the first and third sealing regions 120a and 300a more secure and reduce the occurrence of electrolyte leakage out of the first casing 100. Further, in some embodiments, F1 is greater than or equal to 30N/8 mm.
In some embodiments, in order to make the connection between the second sealing region 220a and the third sealing region 300a more stable and reduce the occurrence of electrolyte leakage out of the second case 200, the peel force F2 between the second sealing region 220a and the third sealing region 300a is greater than or equal to 10N/8 mm. Further, in some embodiments, F2 is greater than or equal to 30N/8 mm.
In this context, the term "peel force" is used to mean the maximum force per unit width required to peel the two elements from the contact interface, which are fixed to each other. For example: 10N/8mm means that when the width of the bonding surface of the two members is 8mm, the maximum force to be applied when separating the two members in the direction perpendicular to the width direction of the bonding surface is 10N.
With respect to the first electrode assembly 400 and the second electrode assembly 500, please continue to refer to fig. 2, the first electrode assembly 400 is accommodated in the first cavity 101, and the second electrode assembly 500 is accommodated in the second cavity 102, which are core elements of the electrochemical device 1. The first electrode assembly 400 includes a first pole piece, a second pole piece, and a separator disposed therebetween, which are stacked. One of the first pole piece and the second pole piece is a positive pole piece, and the other one is a negative pole piece; the isolation film is arranged between the first pole piece and the second pole piece so as to prevent the first pole piece from being in electric contact with the second pole piece. In this embodiment, the first electrode assembly 400 is a winding structure, and is integrally wound to be flat, so as to be conveniently accommodated in the first cavity 101; it is understood that, in other embodiments of the present application, the first electrode assembly 400 may also be of a laminated structure, i.e., stacked in a predetermined direction, such as the thickness direction, with a separation film disposed between adjacent first and second electrode sheets. The second electrode assembly 500 has substantially the same structure as the first electrode assembly 400, and thus, a detailed description thereof is omitted.
In addition, the electrochemical device further includes a plurality of tab modules 700, and the first electrode assembly 400 and the second electrode assembly 500 are respectively connected to at least one tab module 700. The tab module 700 includes a first tab 710 and a second tab 720. In the tab module 700 connected to the first electrode assembly 400, one end of the first tab 710 is connected to the first pole piece of the first electrode assembly 400, and the other end thereof protrudes out of the case portion through the heat-fused region between the first case 100 and the separator 300; one end of the second tab 720 is connected to the second pole piece of the first electrode assembly 400, and the other end thereof protrudes out of the case portion through the heat-fused region between the first case 100 and the separator 300. The connection relationship of the second electrode assembly 500 and the tab module 700 is substantially the same as that of the first electrode assembly 400; specifically, in the tab module 700 connected to the second electrode assembly 500, one end of the first tab 710 is connected to the first pole piece of the second electrode assembly 500, and the other end thereof protrudes out of the case portion through the heat-fused region between the second case 200 and the separator 300; one end of the second tab 720 is coupled to the second pole piece of the second electrode assembly 500, and the other end thereof protrudes out of the case portion through the heat-fused region between the second case 200 and the separator 300. The second tab to which the first electrode assembly 400 is connected is electrically connected with the first tab to which the second electrode assembly 500 is connected, so that the first electrode assembly 400 and the second electrode assembly 500 are connected in series. It is understood that in other embodiments of the present application, the first electrode assembly 400 and the second electrode assembly 500 may be connected in parallel; at this time, the first tab to which the first electrode assembly 400 is connected is electrically connected to the first tab to which the second electrode assembly 500 is connected, and the second tab to which the first electrode assembly 400 is connected is electrically connected to the second tab to which the second electrode assembly 500 is connected.
In addition, for the convenience of the reader to more clearly understand the technical effect brought by the technical scheme, the application also carries out a comparative test, and the test process is as follows:
the thermal conductivity test method comprises the following steps: in the test method, a probe for testing is a continuous double-spiral-structure sheet formed by etching conductive metal nickel, and the outer layer is a double-layer Kapton (polyimide) protective layer. Wherein the thickness of the outer Kapton protective layer is only 0.025mm, which enables the probe to have certain mechanical strength and simultaneously maintains the electrical insulation between the probe and the sample. The probe is placed between the two samples to form a sandwich-like structure, the resistance of the probe is changed by the constant output direct current on the probe due to the increase of the temperature, so that the voltage generated at the two ends of the probe is reduced, and the heat flow information in the probe and the sample to be measured can be accurately obtained by recording the change of the voltage and the current in a period of time.
Test method of peel force:
1. preparation before testing. And opening a power supply of the high-speed rail tensile machine, and determining whether the upper clamp and the lower clamp of the tensile machine are in a horizontal position or not and whether the tension rod can be normally lifted up and down or not. It was confirmed that the speed of the tensile machine was controlled to 50 mm/min.
2. And (5) preparing a sample. The width of each sample is 8mm, the length of each sample is 100mm, at least 2 parallel samples are prepared for each sample, and the upper fixing clamp and the lower fixing clamp are adjusted to be aligned on the same vertical plane.
3. And (4) clamping the sample. And opening the upper fixing clamp, clamping one side of the sample on the upper fixing clamp, and clamping the other side of the sample on the lower fixing clamp. And determining that the sample cannot slip after being mounted on the fixing frame, and the test sample can be placed and fixed.
4. And (6) testing the tensile force. And clicking a zero clearing button and an operation button on the tensile machine to start testing, wherein the final tensile force judgment result is as follows: after the tension test is finished, the machine can automatically stop and output the tension value.
Cycle performance and thickness expansion ratio test: charging a lithium ion battery to 8.4V at a constant current of 0.5C at 25 +/-3 ℃, then charging to a current of 0.05C at a constant voltage of 8.4V, then discharging to 6.0V at a current of 0.5C, recording the first discharge capacity as Q1, measuring the thickness of the battery as T1 by using a micrometer, repeating the cycle for 500 times, recording the 500 th discharge capacity as Q500, measuring the thickness of the battery as T500 by using the micrometer, and obtaining the capacity retention rate as Q500/Q1 multiplied by 100 percent; thickness expansion rate (T500-T1)/T1 × 100%.
The preparation processes of the relevant examples and comparative examples of the lithium ion battery are as follows:
example 1
(1) Preparing a negative pole piece: mixing the negative active material artificial graphite, conductive carbon black (Super P) and Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) according to the weight ratio of 96:1.5:2.5, adding deionized water, blending into slurry with the solid content of 70 wt%, and uniformly stirring. And uniformly coating the slurry on one surface of a negative current collector copper foil with the thickness of 10 mu m, and drying at 110 ℃ to obtain the negative pole piece with the coating thickness of 150 mu m and the single surface coated with the negative active material layer. And repeating the steps on the other surface of the copper foil of the negative current collector to obtain the negative pole piece with the negative active material layer coated on the two surfaces. Then, the negative pole piece is cut into 41mm by 61mm for standby.
(2) Preparing a positive pole piece: mixing positive electrode active materials of lithium cobaltate (LiCoO2), conductive carbon black (Super P) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) according to a weight ratio of 97.5:1.0:1.5, adding N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) to prepare slurry with a solid content of 75 wt%, and uniformly stirring. And uniformly coating the slurry on one surface of an aluminum foil of a positive current collector with the thickness of 12 mu m, and drying at 90 ℃ to obtain a positive pole piece with the coating thickness of 100 mu m and the single surface coated with a positive active material layer. And repeating the steps on the other surface of the aluminum foil of the positive current collector to obtain the positive pole piece with the positive active material layer coated on the two surfaces. Then, the positive pole piece is cut into 38mm 58mm specification for standby.
(3) Preparing an electrolyte: in a dry argon atmosphere, organic solvents of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) were first mixed in a mass ratio of EC: EMC: DEC: 30:50:20, and then lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) was added to the organic solvent to dissolve and mix uniformly, to obtain an electrolyte solution in which the concentration of lithium salt was 1.15 mol/L.
(4) Preparation of electrode assemblies 1 and 2: the diaphragm, the double-sided coated negative pole piece, the diaphragm and the double-sided coated positive pole piece are sequentially stacked to form a lamination, and then four corners of the whole lamination structure are fixed for later use. Wherein each electrode assembly comprises a positive electrode tab and a negative electrode tab, and the separator is a Polyethylene (PE) film with the thickness of 15 μm.
(5) A clapboard: and a separator is arranged between the electrode assembly 1 and the electrode assembly 2, and is made of PP (polypropylene) layers and Al layers which are compounded, wherein the Al layers are positioned between the two PP layers. Wherein the thickness of the one-sided PP layer is 30 μm, and the thermal conductivity lambda of the partition in the separator in the thickness direction thereof1Is 0.63W/m.K.
(6) Assembling an electrode assembly: placing an aluminum-plastic film (with the thickness of 150 μm) formed by punching a pit in an assembly fixture with the pit surface facing upwards, placing an electrode assembly 1 in the pit, arranging tab glue in the area corresponding to the tab of the electrode assembly 1 at the edge of the aluminum-plastic film, then placing a separator on the electrode assembly 1 to align the edges, and applying external force to compress the separatorObtaining an assembled semi-finished product. And placing the assembled semi-finished product into an assembling clamp, enabling one side of the separator to face upwards, placing the electrode assembly 2 on the separator, aligning the edges, applying external force to compress the electrode assembly, then covering the other hole-punched aluminum-plastic film on the electrode assembly 2 with the hole-punched surface of the aluminum-plastic film facing downwards, and arranging tab glue in an area corresponding to a tab of the electrode assembly 2 at the edge of the aluminum-plastic film. Leading the positive and negative electrode tabs of the electrode assembly 1 and the electrode assembly 2 out of the aluminum plastic film, and performing hot-pressing heat sealing on the periphery to obtain an assembled electrode assembly, wherein the distance D between the Al layer of the sealing part separator and the Al layer of the aluminum plastic film is 30 mu m, and the thermal conductivity lambda of the sealing part along the thickness direction of the sealing part is lambda2The film thickness was 0.62W/mK, and the peel force F between the separator and the aluminum plastic film was 34N/8 mm.
(7) Liquid injection and packaging: and respectively injecting electrolyte into the two cavities of the assembled electrode assembly, and sealing after hot pressing, formation and degassing.
(8) Series connection: and (3) welding and connecting the positive electrode lug of the electrode assembly 1 and the negative electrode lug of the electrode assembly 2 together in a laser welding mode to realize series connection, and finishing the assembly of the battery.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that D is 40 μm, and λ is20.50W/m.K, and F39N/8 mm.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that D is 50 μm, λ20.12W/m.K, and F46N/8 mm.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is that in this case the thickness of the one-sided PP layer is 40 μm, D is 40 μm, λ1Is 0.56W/m.K, lambda20.51W/m.K and 36N/8mm F.
Example 5
The difference from example 1 is that in this case the thickness of the one-sided PP layer is 40 μm, D is 50 μm, λ1Is 0.56W/m.K, lambda20.46W/mK, and F42N/8 mm.
Example 6
The difference from example 1 is that in this case the one-sided PP layer has a thickness of 40 μm, D is 60 μm, and λ1Is 0.56W/mK, lambda2It was 0.082W/m.K, and F was 47N/8 mm.
Example 7
The difference from example 1 is that in this case the one-sided PP layer has a thickness of 50 μm, D is 50 μm, λ1Is 0.53W/mK, lambda20.47W/m.K, and F38N/8 mm.
Example 8
The difference from example 1 is that in this case the thickness of the one-sided PP layer is 50 μm, D is 60 μm, λ1Is 0.53W/mK, lambda2It was 0.39W/mK, and F was 41N/8 mm.
Example 9
The difference from example 1 is that in this case the thickness of the one-sided PP layer is 50 μm, D is 70 μm, λ1Is 0.53W/mK, lambda20.056W/m.K and 49N/8mm F.
Example 10
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the material of the separator is PP and Fe layer composite, lambda1Is 0.40W/m.K, lambda20.39W/mK, and F32N/8 mm.
Example 11
The difference from the example 1 is that the material of the separator is PP and Fe layer composite, D is 40 μm, lambda10.40W/m·K，λ20.34W/m.K and 37N/8mm of F.
Example 12
The difference from the embodiment 1 lies in that the thickness of the single-side PP layer is 40 μm, the material of the separator is PP selected to be compounded with the Fe layer, D is 40 μm, and lambda is1Is 0.38W/m.K, lambda20.35W/mK, and F35N/8 mm.
Example 13
The difference from the example 1 is that, among them, the thickness of the single side PP layer is 40 μm, the material of the separator is PP selected to be compounded with the Fe layer, D is 50 μm, lambda1Is 0.38W/m.K, lambda20.32W/mK, and F42N/8 mm.
Example 14
The difference from the example 1 is that, among the thickness of the single side PP layer is 50 μm, the material of the separator is PP selected to be compounded with the Fe layer, D is 50 μm, lambda1Is 0.37W/m.K, lambda20.34W/m.K and 39N/8mm F.
Example 15
Unlike example 1The same point lies in that the thickness of the PP layer on one side is 50 μm, the material of the clapboard is PP selected to be compounded with the Fe layer, D is 60 μm, lambda1Is 0.37W/m.K, lambda20.21W/mK, and F44N/8 mm.
Example 16
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the material of the separator is PP and Cu layer composite, lambda1Is 0.74W/m.K, lambda20.65W/mK, and F33N/8 mm.
Example 17
The difference from the example 1 is that D is 40 μm, the separator material is PP and Cu layer composite, and λ1Is 0.74W/m.K, lambda20.52W/m.K, and F40N/8 mm.
Example 18
The difference from the example 1 is that the thickness of the PP layer on one side is 40 μm, D is 40 μm, the material of the separator is PP and Cu layer composite, lambda1Is 0.69W/m.K, lambda20.62W/m.K, and F36N/8 mm.
Example 19
The difference from the example 1 is that the thickness of the PP layer on one side is 40 μm, D is 50 μm, the material of the separator is PP and Cu layer composite, lambda1Is 0.69W/m.K, lambda20.43W/mK, and F43N/8 mm.
Example 20
The difference from the example 1 is that, among them, the thickness of the single side PP layer is 50 μm, D is 50 μm, the material of the separator is PP and Cu layer composite, lambda1Is 0.65W/m.K, lambda20.54W/m.K and 38N/8mm F.
Example 21
The difference from the example 1 is that the thickness of the PP layer on one side is 50 μm, D is 60 μm, the material of the separator is PP and Cu layer composite, lambda1Is 0.65W/m.K, lambda20.31W/m.K and 46N/8mm F.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the separator material is modified PP, wherein the thickness of the whole modified PP layer is 30 μm, the distance between the upper and lower Al layers of the aluminum plastic film of the seal part is 40 μm, λ1Is 0.1W/m.K, lambda20.21W/mK, and F42N/8 mm.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the separator material is modified PE, wherein the thickness of the whole modified PE layer is 30 μm, the distance between the upper Al layer and the lower Al layer of the aluminum plastic film of the seal part is 40 μm, and λ1Is 0.14W/m.K, lambda20.16W/mK, and F39N/8 mm.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the modified PET is selected as the spacer material, wherein the thickness of the whole modified PET layer is 30 μm, the distance between the upper Al layer and the lower Al layer of the aluminum plastic film of the seal part is 40 μm, and lambda1Is 0.12W/m.K, lambda20.18W/m.K and 41N/8mm F.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that the separator material is polyamide, wherein the whole polyamide layer has a thickness of 30 μm, the distance between the upper and lower Al layers of the aluminum plastic film of the seal part is 40 μm, λ1Is 0.18W/m.K, lambda20.28W/m.K and 41N/8mm F.
The results of the experiment are shown in table 1 below:
Figure BDA0003530418120000151
Figure BDA0003530418120000161
Figure BDA0003530418120000171
TABLE 1
From the test data in table 1, it can be seen that: satisfy lambda1/λ2In the embodiments 1 to 21 with the thickness being more than or equal to 1, after the battery is cycled for 500 times, the capacity retention rate of the battery can reach more than 70 percent, and can reach 89 percent at most, and the thickness expansion rate of the battery is less than 10 percent; in contrast, in comparative examples 1 to 4, after the battery was cycled 500 times, the battery capacity retention rate was only about 60%, the battery thickness expansion rate was 15% or more, and there was a risk of explosion. This is because λ is satisfied1/λ2The battery sealing device has the advantages that 1 or more, the heat inside the battery can be quickly transferred to the isolating part and can be quickly transferred to the sealing part through the isolating part, so that the heat inside the battery is promoted to be diffused all around, the heat dissipation effect inside the battery is improved, and the safety of the battery is improved.
From a comparison of examples 1 to 21, λ1/λ25.5, the battery has thickness expansion rate below 8% after being cycled for 500 times, and the safety of the battery is further improved. This is because, at this time, the seal portion has a good thermal conductivity in the thickness direction, and the heat transferred from the separation portion can be diffused to the surface of the case of the battery through the seal portion in time, thereby promoting dissipation of the heat inside the battery, and further improving the heat dissipation effect inside the battery. Further, as is clear from examples 1 to 21, λ1≥0.35W/(m·K)、λ2The battery with the thickness expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.2W/(m.K) is lower, and the safety is more excellent.
In the embodiment of the application, the lambda is set1/λ2The heat dissipation device comprises a separator, a first sealing part, a second sealing part and a heat dissipation part, wherein the separator is arranged between the first sealing part and the second sealing part, the first sealing part is arranged between the first sealing part and the second sealing part, the second sealing part is arranged between the first sealing part and the second sealing part, and the second sealing part is arranged between the first sealing part and the second sealing part.
The present application further provides an embodiment of an electronic device 2, as shown in fig. 7, the electronic device includes the electrochemical device as described above, and the functions and structures of the electrochemical device can refer to the above embodiment, which is not described in detail herein.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the contents of the specification and the drawings, or which are directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. An electrochemical device, comprising:
a first housing and a second housing;
the separator is arranged between the first shell and the second shell, and a first cavity and a second cavity are respectively arranged on two sides of the separator of the electrochemical device;
the first electrode assembly is arranged in the first cavity, and the second electrode assembly is arranged in the second cavity;
the electrochemical device includes a first seal portion, the first housing includes a first seal region located at the first seal portion, the second housing includes a second seal region located at the first seal portion, the second seal region is disposed opposite to the first seal region, and the separator includes a third seal region located at the first seal portion and a separator located between the first cavity and the second cavity;
wherein the thermal conductivity of the isolation part along the thickness direction of the isolation part is lambda1The thermal conductivity of the first sealing part along the direction from the first sealing area to the second sealing area is lambda2And λ1/λ2≥1。
2. The electrochemical device according to claim 1,
λ1/λ2≤5.5。
3. the electrochemical device of claim 1, wherein λ1、λ2At least one of the following conditions is satisfied:
(1)λ1≥0.35W/(m·K)；
(2)λ2≥0.05W/(m·K)。
4. the electrochemical device according to claim 1,
a peel force F1 between the first and third seal regions is greater than or equal to 10N/8mm, and/or a peel force F2 between the second and third seal regions is greater than or equal to 10N/8 mm.
5. The electrochemical device according to claim 1, wherein the separator includes a base material layer, and a material of the base material layer includes at least one of a metal or a carbon material.
6. The electrochemical device according to claim 5,
the isolating piece further comprises a packaging layer positioned on the surface of the base material layer, and the packaging layer is made of at least one of polypropylene, modified polypropylene, polyethylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer.
7. The electrochemical device according to claim 5,
the metal comprises at least one of Ni, Ti, Cu, Ag, Au, Pt, Fe, Sn, Co, Cr, W, Mo, Al, Mg, K, Na, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ge, Sb, Pb, In, Zn or stainless steel;
the carbon material includes at least one of a carbon felt, a carbon film, carbon black, acetylene black, fullerene, a conductive graphite film, or a graphene film.
8. The electrochemical device according to claim 5, wherein the first seal portion satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
(a) the first shell comprises a first metal layer, the distance between one side, close to the isolating piece, of the first metal layer at the first seal part and one side, close to the first shell, of the first base material layer is D1, and D1 is not more than 70 μm;
(b) the second shell comprises a second metal layer, the distance between one side, close to the isolating piece, of the second metal layer and one side, close to the second shell, of the first base material layer at the first seal part is D2, and D2 is not more than 70 microns.
9. The electrochemical device according to claim 1,
the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly are connected in series.
10. An electronic device comprising the electrochemical device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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