CN114614090B - Lithium battery electrolyte and secondary lithium battery - Google Patents
Lithium battery electrolyte and secondary lithium battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN114614090B CN114614090B CN202011430461.4A CN202011430461A CN114614090B CN 114614090 B CN114614090 B CN 114614090B CN 202011430461 A CN202011430461 A CN 202011430461A CN 114614090 B CN114614090 B CN 114614090B
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- lithium battery
- battery electrolyte
- lithium
- additive
- phosphorus
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010941 LiFSI Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004428 fluoroalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003302 alkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCCC(=O)O1 VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to a lithium battery electrolyte and a secondary lithium battery, which mainly solve the problems of poor normal-temperature cycle performance, low high-temperature rest gas production and low-temperature discharge efficiency of a lithium ion battery. The electrolyte comprises a solvent, lithium salt and an additive, wherein the additive comprises a phosphorus-containing additive, the phosphorus-containing additive is one or more of compounds shown in a general formula (1), and the general formula (1) is as follows:or (b)R 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 Independently alkyl, a represents alkyl, alkyl containing an unsaturated bond, structural formula 1:or structural formula 2:m is more than or equal to 0, n is more than or equal to 0; unsaturated bonds include alkenyl or aryl groups; r is R 6 Is an alkylene group; r is R 7 Alkyl, phenyl, alkenyl, cyano; r is R 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 、R 5 Independently an alkyl group. The invention well solves the common problems in the lithium ion battery and can be used in the industrial production of the lithium battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to lithium battery electrolyte and a secondary lithium battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, high working voltage, no memory effect, rapid charge and discharge, small environmental pollution and the like, and is widely applied. However, with the higher requirements on the energy density, safety performance, service life and other performances of commercial lithium ion batteries, the development of lithium ion batteries with high energy density, good cycle performance and high safety is an urgent requirement for industry development.
In the first charging process of the lithium ion battery, the electrolyte can react with the carbon cathode to form a layer of passivation film (SEI film), and lithium ions must pass through the SEI film in the charging and discharging processes, so that the SEI film can have important influence on the main performance (such as cycle, high temperature and power performance and the like) of the lithium ion battery. The SEI film can prevent electrolyte from further decomposition and reduce side reactions on the interface of the negative electrode, but as charge and discharge are carried out, the SEI film may be dissolved, broken, decomposed, recombined or thickened, and other phenomena may occur, so that negative effects such as increase of internal resistance or gas production occur in the battery, and thus the cycle life, capacity exertion and safety performance of the battery are affected, and the negative effects are more serious when the battery is subjected to high-temperature storage or high-temperature cycle. In addition, as the voltage of the lithium ion battery increases, a good passivation film (CEI film) needs to be formed on the positive electrode side during cycling. Different additives or different amounts of the same additive in the electrolyte can result in different quality and different film resistance of the formed SEI film. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve high performance lithium ion batteries by selecting appropriate additive and electrolyte formulations to improve the quality of the SEI/CEI films.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide lithium battery electrolyte and a lithium ion battery, and the lithium ion battery prepared by adopting the electrolyte has the advantages of good normal-temperature cycle performance, high Wen Gezhi expansion rate, low-temperature discharge efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the first aspect of the invention provides a lithium battery electrolyte, which comprises a solvent, lithium salt and an additive, wherein the additive comprises a phosphorus-containing additive, the phosphorus-containing additive is one or more of compounds shown in a general formula (1), and the general formula (1) is as follows:
R 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 independently of the alkyl group, is a group,
a represents an alkyl group, an unsaturated bond-containing alkyl group, a structural formula 1:or structural formula 2:
m is more than or equal to 0, n is more than or equal to 0; the unsaturated bond includes an alkenyl group or an aryl group; r is R 6 Is an alkylene group; r is R 7 Alkyl, phenyl, alkenyl, cyano; r is R 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 、R 5 Independently an alkyl group.
Preferably, R 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 Independently is an alkoxy, fluoroalkoxy, alkenyloxy, fluoroalkyloxy, aryloxy, or ethersilyl group.
In the present invention, R 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 、R 5 Preferably 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
In the present invention, R 6 Preferably =ch 2 。
Preferably, the phosphorus-containing additive is one or more of the following compounds:
preferably, the phosphorus-containing additive accounts for 1-5% of the total mass of the lithium ion battery electrolyte.
Further preferably, the phosphorus-containing additive accounts for 1-3% of the total mass of the lithium ion battery electrolyte, and further preferably 1.8-2.2%.
Preferably, the solvent is one or more of carbonates, carboxylates, ethers.
Further preferably, the carbonic ester is one or more of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate.
In the present invention, the carboxylic acid ester is preferably one or more of propyl propionate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate and methyl propionate.
Preferably, the lithium salt is LiClO 4 、LiPF 6 One or more of LiTFSI, liFSI.
Preferably, the molar concentration of the lithium salt in the lithium battery electrolyte is 0.001-2 mol/L.
Further preferably, the molar concentration of the lithium salt in the lithium battery electrolyte is 0.1 to 2mol/L, more preferably 1 to 1.5mol/L.
Preferably, the additive further comprises other additives, which are lithium difluorophosphate and/or anhydrides.
In the present invention, the acid anhydride is preferably one or more of succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride or glutaric anhydride.
Preferably, the additive accounts for 0.1-2% of the total mass of the lithium battery electrolyte, and more preferably 0.8-1.5%.
The second aspect of the invention provides a secondary lithium ion battery, which comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is the lithium battery electrolyte.
In the invention, the positive electrode of the secondary lithium ion battery is a ternary positive electrode material, and the negative electrode is a graphite material.
According to the lithium battery electrolyte, the phosphorus-containing additive with the general formula (1) is selected, and the formula of the electrolyte is optimized to improve the quality of an SEI/CEI film, so that the secondary lithium battery disclosed by the invention is obviously improved in 1.0C cycle performance at 25 ℃, swelling rate after being placed at 60 ℃ for 30 days and discharge performance at low temperature, and a better technical effect is obtained.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the lithium battery electrolyte can improve the performance of a lithium battery, and the lithium ion battery prepared by adopting the electrolyte has the advantages of good normal-temperature cycle performance, high Wen Gezhi expansion rate, low-temperature discharge efficiency and great application prospect.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The implementation conditions adopted in the embodiments can be further adjusted according to different requirements of specific use, and the implementation conditions which are not noted are conventional conditions in the industry.
Comparative examples 1 to 9 and examples 1 to 29
Electrolyte solution: the solvent is ethylene carbonate: propylene carbonate: dimethyl carbonate: methyl ethyl carbonate: acetic acid ethyl ester
=5:1:4:5:2 (mass ratio), lithium salt is 1.2M lithium hexafluorophosphate, and other components and amounts in the electrolyte (based on the total electrolyte mass) are shown in table 1 and table 2.
And (3) a negative electrode: graphite material, positive electrode: 4.4V NCM523 material, and assembling the electrolyte, the positive electrode and the negative electrode into the lithium battery according to the conventional process. The lithium batteries prepared in each example and comparative example were tested for battery capacity retention after 300 times of cyclic charge and discharge at 1.0C at 25 ℃ in a voltage interval of 4.2 to 2.75V; the lithium batteries prepared in each of the examples and comparative examples were tested for battery swell ratio after being left at 60 ℃ for 30 days; the lithium batteries prepared in each of the examples and comparative examples were tested for discharge efficiency at-20C at 0.2C to 2.75V, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
300-week cycle capacity retention (%) =lithium battery cycle to 300-week discharge capacity/lithium battery cycle-front discharge capacity average of 5 weeks 100;
bulge ratio (%) = (lithium battery thickness after 30 days of rest-lithium battery thickness before rest)/lithium battery thickness before rest 100;
discharge efficiency (%) = -0.2C at 20 ℃ discharge capacity of 0.2C of lithium battery at-20 ℃ per charge capacity of 0.2C of lithium battery at normal temperature is 100.
TABLE 1
The phosphorus-containing additives used in comparative examples 2 to 5 have the structural formula:
TABLE 2
Experimental results show that in the high-voltage ternary cathode material and the graphite cathode matched full battery, compared with a basic formula, the normal-temperature cycle performance of the lithium battery added with different phosphorus-containing compounds is improved, the gas production of the lithium battery is obviously inhibited after the lithium battery is placed at a high temperature of 60 ℃ for 30 days, and meanwhile, the low-temperature performance at-20 ℃ is obviously improved.
The above embodiments are provided to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A lithium battery electrolyte comprising a solvent, a lithium salt and an additive, characterized in that: the additive comprises a phosphorus-containing additive, wherein the phosphorus-containing additive is one or more of compounds shown in a general formula (1), and the general formula (1) is as follows:
R 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 、R 5 independently of the alkyl group, is a group,
a represents an alkyl group, an unsaturated bond-containing alkyl group, a structural formula 1:or structural formula 2:m is more than or equal to 0, n is more than or equal to 0; the unsaturated bond includes an alkenyl group or an aryl group; r is R 6 Is an alkylene group; r is R 7 Is alkyl, phenyl, alkenyl, cyano.
2. The lithium battery electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein: the phosphorus-containing additive is one or more of the following compounds:
3. the lithium battery electrolyte according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the phosphorus-containing additive accounts for 1-5% of the total mass of the lithium battery electrolyte.
4. The lithium battery electrolyte according to claim 3, wherein: the phosphorus-containing additive accounts for 1-3% of the total mass of the lithium battery electrolyte.
5. The lithium battery electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein: the solvent is one or more of carbonic esters, carboxylic esters and ethers.
6. The lithium battery electrolyte according to claim 5, wherein: the carbonic ester is one or more of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate.
7. The lithium battery electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein: the lithium salt is LiClO 4 、LiPF 6 One or more of LiTFSI and LiFSI; the molar concentration of the lithium salt in the lithium battery electrolyte is 0.001-2 mol/L.
8. The lithium battery electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein: the additive also comprises other additives, wherein the other additives are lithium difluorophosphate and/or anhydride.
9. The lithium battery electrolyte according to claim 8, wherein: the other additives account for 0.1-2% of the total mass of the lithium battery electrolyte.
10. The utility model provides a secondary lithium ion battery, includes positive pole, negative pole and electrolyte, its characterized in that: the electrolyte is the lithium battery electrolyte as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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Citations (3)
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KR20150128569A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2015-11-18 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Additives for secondary battery comprising bisphosphate-based compound and electrolyte, electrode and secondary battery comprising the same |
JP2016018708A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2016-02-01 | 日本電気株式会社 | Nonaqueous electrolyte and lithium ion secondary battery |
CN110085906A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2019-08-02 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the lithium ion battery containing the nonaqueous electrolytic solution |
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KR101297172B1 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-08-21 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Non-aqueous liquid electrolyte additive for lithium secondary cell, non-aqueous liquid electrolyte and lithium secondary cell comprising the same |
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KR20150128569A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2015-11-18 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Additives for secondary battery comprising bisphosphate-based compound and electrolyte, electrode and secondary battery comprising the same |
JP2016018708A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2016-02-01 | 日本電気株式会社 | Nonaqueous electrolyte and lithium ion secondary battery |
CN110085906A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2019-08-02 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the lithium ion battery containing the nonaqueous electrolytic solution |
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