CN114614045A - Leakage prediction method and device for hydrogen system of fuel cell automobile - Google Patents

Leakage prediction method and device for hydrogen system of fuel cell automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114614045A
CN114614045A CN202011412001.9A CN202011412001A CN114614045A CN 114614045 A CN114614045 A CN 114614045A CN 202011412001 A CN202011412001 A CN 202011412001A CN 114614045 A CN114614045 A CN 114614045A
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hydrogen
leakage
fuel cell
pressure
temperature
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杨学青
李高鹏
司耀辉
李江川
张龙海
陈慧勇
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Zhengzhou Yutong Bus Co Ltd
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Zhengzhou Yutong Bus Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04425—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a leakage prediction method and device for a hydrogen system of a fuel cell vehicle, and belongs to the field of leakage monitoring of hydrogen systems. The method is realized by detecting the high-pressure P of the hydrogen system when the fuel cell is shut downH0Low pressure PL0Temperature T0During the parking process and after the next vehicle is electrified, the high-pressure, the low-pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen system at the current moment can be detected in real time, and the low-pressure value P at the current moment are comparedL0The method can reliably judge whether the vehicle generates hydrogen micro-leakage or not, solve the problem that the hydrogen micro-leakage cannot be detected after the fuel cell is shut down or the vehicle is parked for a long time, and utilize the two residuesAnd judging the hydrogen leakage by the difference of the hydrogen quality. The detection principle of the invention is simple and easy to realize, solves the problem of fault judgment when the concentration of the hydrogen leaked by the fuel cell vehicle does not reach the alarm threshold, can detect the micro-leakage fault of the hydrogen in time, reduces the safety risk, improves the vehicle safety and has higher market application prospect.

Description

Leakage prediction method and device for hydrogen system of fuel cell automobile
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of leakage monitoring of a hydrogen system, and particularly relates to a leakage prediction method and device of a hydrogen system of a fuel cell automobile.
Background
Hydrogen fuel is easy to overflow from a storage device due to small molecules, and the explosion limit of hydrogen is wide (4 vol.% to 75 vol.%), so that the safety problem is serious. However, in a fuel cell system of an automobile, which is a device for converting hydrogen fuel into electric energy, hydrogen is used as the fuel of the system, and when hydrogen gas leaks to a certain concentration, a serious safety problem may occur if an arc or fire occurs in a high voltage direct current power supply.
At present, fuel cell car adopts the multiple spot to arrange hydrogen leakage sensor (consistency transmitter) usually and monitors the leakage problem of hydrogen system, for example the chinese utility model patent of publication No. CN204020602U discloses a hydrogen fuel cell's monitoring alarm system for car, and its shortcoming is, and the start-up time and the life-span of the hydrogen consistency transmitter who adopts all have certain limitation to, when hydrogen leakage volume does not reach the malfunction alerting threshold value, then there is not warning suggestion, has certain potential safety hazard.
And moreover, under the condition that the fuel cell vehicle is powered off, the fuel cell does not run, and no working power supply is provided for the hydrogen leakage sensor, so that the hydrogen leakage sensor cannot monitor the hydrogen concentration of the vehicle in real time, the risk that the hydrogen leakage cannot be early warned in the process of powering off and stopping the vehicle exists, and if the hydrogen is leaked, a fire source exists beside the vehicle, and safety problems may occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a leakage prediction method and a leakage prediction device for a hydrogen system of a fuel cell automobile, which are used for solving the problem of potential safety hazard in the conventional method for detecting hydrogen leakage by adopting a concentration sensor.
Based on the purpose, the technical scheme of the leakage prediction method of the hydrogen system of the fuel cell automobile is as follows:
the hydrogen system comprises a hydrogen storage bottle and a pipeline used for connecting a fuel cell, a high-pressure detection module and a temperature detection module are arranged on the pipeline at the outlet of the hydrogen storage bottle, a low-pressure detection module is arranged at the rear end of a pressure reducing valve on the pipeline, and the leakage prediction method comprises the following steps:
the temperature, the high pressure and the low pressure of the hydrogen system at the current moment are obtained in real time by utilizing the temperature detection module, the high pressure detection module and the low pressure detection module, and the temperature T of the hydrogen system measured when the fuel cell is closed is obtained0High pressure PH0And a low pressure PL0(ii) a Calculating the mass of the residual hydrogen at the current moment according to the high-pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen system at the current moment; according to said high pressure PH0And temperature T0Calculating the initial residual hydrogen mass;
if the temperature and the temperature T of the hydrogen system at the current moment0Within the set temperature, the low pressure and the low pressure P of the hydrogen system at the current moment are calculated and judgedL0When the pressure difference is larger than or equal to a first set threshold value, judging that micro leakage exists;
and calculating and judging the mass difference between the residual hydrogen mass and the initial residual hydrogen mass at the current moment, and judging that leakage exists when the mass difference is greater than or equal to a third set threshold.
Based on the above purpose, the technical scheme of the leakage prediction device of the hydrogen system of the fuel cell automobile is as follows:
comprising a memory and a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and running on the processor, the processor being coupled to the memory, the processor implementing the above-mentioned leakage prediction method when executing the computer program.
The two technical schemes have the beneficial effects that:
the method and the device for predicting the leakage can detect the low-pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen system at the current moment in real time by detecting the low-pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen system when the fuel cell is closed and then detecting the low-pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen system at the current moment in real time during the current parking process and after the next vehicle is electrified, and can compare the low-pressure value and the low-pressure value P at the current moment under the condition that the difference between the temperature at the current moment and the temperature when the fuel cell is closed is not largeL0The method can reliably judge whether the vehicle generates hydrogen micro-leakage, and solves the problem that the hydrogen micro-leakage cannot be detected after the fuel cell is shut down or the vehicle is parked for a long time; or, the difference value of the two residual hydrogen qualities is used for judging whether hydrogen leakage occurs.
Compared with the traditional method which can only detect the large-amplitude hydrogen leakage, the method of the invention is greatly improved, solves the fault judgment when the concentration of the leaked hydrogen of the fuel cell vehicle does not reach the alarm threshold, can timely detect the micro-leakage fault of the hydrogen, reduces the safety risk, greatly improves the vehicle safety and has higher market application prospect.
Further, in order to determine the fault degree of the micro-leakage generated in the hydrogen system, the method also comprises the step of determining the fault degree of the micro-leakage according to the magnitude of the pressure difference, and the determining step is as follows:
when the pressure difference is [ 20% P ]L0，50％PL0]In the meantime, a secondary fault of hydrogen leakage is reported; wherein, 20% of PL0For the first setting threshold, 50% PL0Setting a threshold for the second;
when the pressure difference is greater than 50% PL0And if so, reporting a primary fault of hydrogen leakage and forbidding starting the fuel cell.
Further, in order to determine the fault degree of the micro-leakage generated by the hydrogen system, the method also comprises the step of determining the fault degree of the micro-leakage according to the mass difference value, and the determining step is as follows:
when the mass difference is [ m ]L，mH]Reporting a secondary fault of hydrogen leakage; wherein m isLFor the third setting of the threshold value, mHSetting a threshold for the fourth;
and when the mass difference is larger than a fourth set threshold value, reporting a primary fault of hydrogen leakage, and forbidding starting the fuel cell.
Further, in order to discriminate the hydrogen leakage failure in the fuel cell operation state, the method further includes:
the method comprises the steps of acquiring the hydrogen concentration acquired by a hydrogen concentration sensor arranged at each position in a hydrogen system in real time in the operating state of the fuel cell, judging that hydrogen leakage exists when the hydrogen concentration meets a set concentration range in at least two continuous operating periods of the fuel cell, and reporting a hydrogen leakage fault.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell automotive hydrogen system in an embodiment of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of leak prediction in an embodiment of the method of the present invention;
the reference numerals in the figures are explained below:
110, a hydrogen storage bottle; 111, a bottle mouth combination valve; 112, a pressure combination valve; 1. 6, 7, 15, a concentration sensor; 2, a low pressure sensor; 3, a high-pressure sensor; 4, an electromagnetic valve; 5, a temperature sensor; 8, a manual mechanical valve MVI 1; 9. 17, a one-way valve; TPRD (pressure relief valve); 11, a high pressure valve; 12. 19 a filter; 13, a pressure reducing valve; 14, a safety valve; 16, a metal hose; 18, a hydrogenation port.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
The method comprises the following steps:
the hydrogen system of the fuel cell automobile shown in fig. 1 comprises a hydrogen storage bottle 110, a combined bottleneck valve is directly installed at the outlet of the hydrogen storage bottle 110, and the bottleneck combined valve 111 comprises a temperature sensor 5, a TPRD (10, a pressure release valve, namely a temperature-driven pressure relief device), a manual mechanical valve MVI1(8), an electromagnetic valve 4, a one-way valve 9 for hydrogenation and a pressure sensor 3. Wherein, the temperature sensor 5 is used for detecting the temperature in the hydrogen storage bottle; the TPRD (10) is a safety device and is used for releasing hydrogen in the bottle when a specific temperature condition is reached; the manual mechanical valve (8) is used for manually closing the hydrogen supply during maintenance; the bottleneck combination valve also comprises an electromagnetic valve 4 and a one-way valve 9, wherein a pipeline where the electromagnetic valve 4 is positioned and a pipeline where the one-way valve 9 is positioned are in a parallel connection relationship, and the electromagnetic valve 4 is driven by a hydrogen system controller to realize the supply of hydrogen; the high pressure sensor 3 is used to detect the high pressure of hydrogen gas at the outlet from the hydrogen storage cylinder 110.
The pressure reducing combination valve 102 comprises a filter 12, a pressure reducing valve 13, a low pressure sensor 2 and a safety valve 14 which are sequentially arranged on a pipeline, wherein the filter 12 is used for filtering hydrogen flowing through, the pressure reducing valve 13 is used for reducing pressure of high pressure gas, and the low pressure sensor 2 is used for detecting low pressure of the hydrogen at an outlet of the pressure reducing valve 13.
A manual emptying valve 11 is also arranged on a pipeline between the bottle mouth combination valve 111 and the pressure combination valve 112; the pipeline behind the pressure combination valve 112 is connected to the fuel cell system through a metal hose 16. In fig. 1, a filter 19, a check valve 17, and a hydrogenation port 18 are provided in this order on the other branch connected to the rear end line of the mouth combination valve 111.
Wherein, the 18 hydrogenation ports are used for being connected with a hydrogenation gun, and the one-way valve 17 is used for preventing hydrogen in the pipeline from flowing back after the hydrogenation ports are invalid; the filter 19 is used to filter the hydrogen gas flowing through. In fig. 1, a high-pressure valve 11 is provided at the front end of the pressure combination valve 112 for pressure regulation.
In fig. 1, concentration sensors 1, 6, 7, and 15 are respectively disposed above a hydrogen pipe interface, a mouthpiece combination valve 111, a hydrogen addition port 18, and a pressure combination valve 112 of the fuel cell system, and are used for detecting the concentration of leaked hydrogen. The hydrogen system in this embodiment further includes a hydrogen system controller (HMS) which collects and connects the concentration sensors 1, 6, 7, 15, the low pressure sensor 2, the high pressure sensor 3 and the temperature sensor 5, respectively, and controls the connection solenoid valve 4.
In this embodiment, the hydrogen system controller mainly functions to predict hydrogen leakage according to the collected corresponding data, such as pressure, temperature, concentration, and the like, to implement a leakage prediction method for the hydrogen system, and to monitor the full state of the vehicle hydrogen system, thereby avoiding safety accidents.
Based on the hydrogen supply system, the present embodiment provides a leakage prediction method, the overall flow of which is shown in fig. 2, and the method includes two aspects of micro leakage prediction and leakage fault monitoring, where the micro leakage prediction is used for hydrogen leakage early warning during parking of the fuel cell vehicle, and the leakage fault monitoring is used for monitoring the state of the hydrogen system of the fuel cell vehicle during operation, and the following are respectively set forth:
(1) micro-leak prediction during fuel cell vehicle parking
When the fuel cell is closed, the bottleneck combination valve 111 is closed, and the controller respectively collects the initial high pressure P of the hydrogen measured in the pipeline behind the combination valve through the high pressure sensor 3, the temperature sensor 5 and the low pressure sensor 2H0Initial temperature T0And the initial low-pressure P after the pressure reducer (pressure reducing valve 13)L0(ii) a When the entire vehicle is shut down, the hydrogen system controller stores the high pressure P at shut downH0Low pressure PL0And calculating the initial residual hydrogen mass m based on the real gas state equation0And stores the data in the controller for micro-leak prediction. The steps for micro-leak prediction are as follows:
s1) acquiring the high-pressure PH1 collected by the high-pressure sensor 3, the low-pressure PL1 collected by the low-pressure sensor 2 and the temperature T1 collected by the temperature sensor 5 in real time; the remaining hydrogen mass m is then calculated based on the real gas equation of state by means of the high pressure PH1 and the temperature T11The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002814772540000041
in the formula:
m1-mass of hydrogen in hydrogen system, g;
v-hydrogen system volume, in L;
t-hydrogen system temperature, in units;
p-high pressure, in MPa;
s2) determining whether the fuel cell is operating, and if not, acquiring the high pressure P of the hydrogen system when the fuel cell was shut down last timeH0Low pressure PL0And temperature T0Judging the temperature T1And temperature T0If the difference is within the set temperature, such as 35 ℃, the difference (P) of the two low pressure pressures is judgedL1-PL0) With a low pressure PL0Whether the ratio of (a) is less than a certain set threshold, for example, 20%, and if less than the set threshold, then there is no micro-leakage; if the ratio is greater than or equal to 20%, it is determined that there is a micro-leak.
In this case, the determination is continued if the ratio is within a certain range, e.g., [ 20%, 50% ]]Reporting a secondary fault of hydrogen leakage; if the ratio is more than 50%, a first-level fault of hydrogen leakage is reported, the fuel cell is prohibited to be started, the hydrogen supply is not allowed to be opened, and the fuel cell can be continuously used after maintenance and detection. The hydrogen system controller latches the high pressure P of the hydrogen system detected each time the fuel cell is shut downH0Low pressure PL0Mass m of hydrogen remaining0。
S3) if the fuel cell is not operating, acquiring the remaining hydrogen gas mass m of the hydrogen system at the time of the last shut-down of the fuel cell0Judging the difference m between the two residual hydrogen massHMS(mHMS＝m0-m1) Whether the mass is less than a set mass threshold value, such as 0.5kg, if so, no micro leakage exists; if the difference in mass is within a certain range [ m ]L，mH]E.g., [0.5kg, 1kg]If the fault is detected, a secondary fault of hydrogen leakage is reported; if the difference of the mass is larger than 1kg, a primary fault of hydrogen leakage is reported, and the fuel cell is prohibited to be started. The hydrogen system controller latches the high pressure P of the hydrogen system detected each time the fuel cell is shut downH0Low pressure PL0Mass m of hydrogen remaining0。
In the above steps, step S2) and step S3) do not have a sequence, and can be executed in parallel without mutual influence.
The principle that micro-leakage prediction can be realized by adopting the steps is as follows:
hydrogen in the shut-down state of the fuel cellThe bottleneck combination valve 111 of the system and the electromagnetic valve 4 of the pipeline are closed, no hydrogen is consumed at the fuel cell end, the high pressure and the low pressure of the normal hydrogen system are stabilized in a certain range, the hydrogen pressure value can be influenced due to temperature change, and if the temperature change of the hydrogen system is in a certain range, the pressure P at the low pressure side can be monitoredL1And the last recorded value PL0Judging whether the hydrogen system has micro leakage or not, and if the difference is smaller, determining that no micro leakage exists; if the difference is larger, the micro leakage is considered to exist, and according to the comparison of the difference, the first-level or second-level fault reporting of the corresponding leakage is carried out.
(2) Leakage fault monitoring during operation of fuel cell vehicle
The method comprises the steps that a concentration sensor monitors hydrogen concentration C of each position of a whole vehicle in real time under the operating state of a fuel cell, the reading of the hydrogen concentration C of each position is smaller than 1000 under the condition that the gas tightness of a hydrogen system and the fuel cell system is normal, when the value meets a set concentration range, namely when the hydrogen leakage alarm threshold value of more than 2000 and more than C exists, the occurrence frequency n is recorded to be 1, the counting is not repeated in the same fuel cell operating period, if the hydrogen leakage alarm threshold value of more than 2000 and more than C exists in at least two continuous fuel cell operating periods, namely n is more than or equal to 2, the existence of hydrogen leakage is judged, and the fault is reported.
The method for predicting the leakage of the hydrogen system of the fuel cell automobile has the following advantages:
(1) by detecting the initial low-pressure, the initial temperature and the initial high-pressure of a hydrogen system when a fuel cell is closed, then the low-pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen system at the current moment can be detected in real time in the current parking process and after the next vehicle is electrified, and under the condition that the difference between the temperature at the current moment and the temperature at the initial moment is not large, the hydrogen micro-leakage of the vehicle can be reliably judged by comparing the low-pressure value and the initial low-pressure value at the current moment; the problem that the hydrogen generates micro-leakage and cannot be detected after the fuel cell is shut down or the vehicle is parked for a long time is solved.
(2) The initial hydrogen residual mass can be calculated by detecting the initial temperature and the initial high-pressure of the hydrogen system when the fuel cell is closed, then the high-pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen system at the current moment are detected in real time, the hydrogen residual mass at the current moment is calculated, the hydrogen residual mass at the current moment is compared with the initial hydrogen residual mass, and whether the hydrogen micro-leakage occurs or not is judged. Either one of the two judgment methods can judge the micro-leakage fault, so that the judgment reliability is improved.
(2) Compared with the traditional method which can only detect the large-amplitude hydrogen leakage, the method of the invention is greatly improved, solves the fault judgment when the concentration of the leaked hydrogen of the fuel cell vehicle does not reach the alarm threshold, can timely detect the micro-leakage fault of the hydrogen, reduces the safety risk, greatly improves the vehicle safety and has higher market application prospect.
In this embodiment, the hardware device may be replaced with the existing high pressure detection module, temperature detection module, and low pressure detection module, and is not limited to the sensor type.
In this embodiment, the micro-leakage of hydrogen is monitored by two ways of determining the pressure change of the enclosed gas and calculating the change of the hydrogen mass. As other embodiments, the microleakage prediction can also be performed in a double check, for example, when 20% ≦ (P)L1-PL0)/PL0Less than or equal to 50 percent, and less than or equal to 0.5kg (m)1-m0) Judging that the secondary fault of hydrogen leakage is less than or equal to 1 kg; when (P)L1-PL0)/PL0>50%, and (m)1-m0)>When 1kg, it is judged as a primary failure of hydrogen leakage. The advantage of adopting this kind of dual verification is, when guaranteeing the security of vehicle, prevents that the microleakage misjudges.
In this embodiment, when the hydrogen micro-leakage is judged, the ratio of the pressure difference value to the low pressure is compared with the set percentage to be used as the judgment basis, but the judgment mode is not exclusive, and other embodiments can also be adopted directlyBy comparing the pressure difference with a set pressure limit, e.g. by comparing the pressure difference with 20% PL0、50％PL0Comparing the pressure difference value of [ 20% P ]L0，50％PL0]In the meantime, a secondary fault of hydrogen leakage is reported; when the pressure difference is more than 50 percent PL0And if so, reporting a first-level fault of hydrogen leakage.
The embodiment of the device is as follows:
the embodiment provides a leakage prediction device of a hydrogen system of a fuel cell automobile, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and run on the processor, wherein the processor is coupled with the memory, and is used for running program instructions stored in the memory to implement the leakage prediction method in the method embodiment.
That is, the method in the above method embodiments should be understood that the flow of the leak prediction method may be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor (e.g., a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus), such that the instructions, which execute via the processor, create means for implementing the functions specified in the method flow.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.

Claims (5)

1. The method for predicting the leakage of the hydrogen system of the fuel cell automobile is characterized in that the hydrogen system comprises a hydrogen storage bottle and a pipeline used for being connected with the fuel cell, a high-pressure detection module and a temperature detection module are arranged on the pipeline at the outlet of the hydrogen storage bottle, a low-pressure detection module is arranged at the rear end of a pressure reducing valve on the pipeline, and the method for predicting the leakage comprises the following steps:
the temperature, the high pressure and the low pressure of the hydrogen system at the current moment are acquired in real time by utilizing the temperature detection module, the high pressure detection module and the low pressure detection module, and the temperature T of the hydrogen system measured when the fuel cell is closed is acquired0High pressure PH0And a low pressure PL0(ii) a Calculating the mass of the residual hydrogen at the current moment according to the high-pressure and the temperature of the hydrogen system at the current moment; according to said high pressure PH0And temperature T0Calculating the initial residual hydrogen mass;
if the temperature and the temperature T of the hydrogen system at the current moment0Within the set temperature, the low pressure and the low pressure P of the hydrogen system at the current moment are calculated and judgedL0When the pressure difference is larger than or equal to a first set threshold value, judging that micro leakage exists;
or calculating and judging the mass difference between the residual hydrogen mass at the current moment and the initial residual hydrogen mass, and judging that leakage exists when the mass difference is greater than or equal to a third set threshold.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a failure level of the micro leak based on a magnitude of the pressure difference, the determining step comprising:
when the pressure difference is [ 20% P ]L0，50％PL0]In the meantime, a secondary fault of hydrogen leakage is reported; wherein, 20% of PL0For the first setting threshold, 50% PL0Setting a threshold for the second;
when the pressure difference is greater than 50% PL0And if so, reporting a primary fault of hydrogen leakage and forbidding starting the fuel cell.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a fault level of micro-leaks based on the magnitude of the difference in mass, the determining step comprising:
when the mass difference is [ m ]L，mH]Reporting a secondary fault of hydrogen leakage; wherein m isLFor the third setting of the threshold value, mHSetting a threshold for the fourth;
and when the mass difference is larger than a fourth set threshold value, reporting a primary fault of hydrogen leakage, and forbidding starting the fuel cell.
4. The method for predicting leakage of a hydrogen system for a fuel cell vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising:
the method comprises the steps of acquiring the hydrogen concentration acquired by a hydrogen concentration sensor arranged at each position in a hydrogen system in real time in the operating state of the fuel cell, judging that hydrogen leakage exists when the hydrogen concentration meets a set concentration range in at least two continuous operating periods of the fuel cell, and reporting a hydrogen leakage fault.
5. A leak prediction apparatus for a hydrogen system of a fuel cell vehicle, comprising a memory and a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and run on the processor, the processor being coupled to the memory, characterized in that the processor implements the leak prediction method according to any one of claims 1-4 when executing the computer program.
CN202011412001.9A 2020-12-03 2020-12-03 Leakage prediction method and device for hydrogen system of fuel cell automobile Withdrawn CN114614045A (en)

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