CN114611820A - Method for predicting deformation of deep foundation pit of unequal-interval gray BP neural network - Google Patents

Method for predicting deformation of deep foundation pit of unequal-interval gray BP neural network Download PDF

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CN114611820A
CN114611820A CN202210286500.0A CN202210286500A CN114611820A CN 114611820 A CN114611820 A CN 114611820A CN 202210286500 A CN202210286500 A CN 202210286500A CN 114611820 A CN114611820 A CN 114611820A
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王其
王磊
谢胜东
倪世松
张权
马云鹏
陈明星
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Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for predicting deformation of a deep foundation pit by using a non-equidistant gray BP neural network, which is used for acquiring a measured value of the deep foundation pit; inputting the measured value of the deep foundation pit into a BP neural network model obtained by training to obtain a corrected residual error; and calculating to obtain a predicted value of the deep foundation pit based on the corrected residual error. According to the method, the measured value is predicted by a method of fusing a non-equidistant gray model and a BP neural network model according to the condition that the measured value cannot reach absolute equal intervals in the practical application process, the prediction precision is improved by correcting residual errors, and compared with the traditional method, the predicted value is more accurate.

Description

Method for predicting deformation of deep foundation pit of unequal-interval gray BP neural network
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for predicting deformation of a deep foundation pit by using a non-equidistant gray BP neural network, and belongs to the technical field of geodetic survey.
Background
For deep foundation pit deformations, it is difficult to build a suitable prediction model, which is determined by its external force effects, the physical-mechanical properties of the constituent materials, and the certainty and complexity of the structure. With the lapse of time, the accumulation of engineering practical experience and the research of engineering technicians, more and more empirical methods such as a formation loss method, a peack method and other traditional theoretical calculation methods can better predict a final result. The deep foundation pit deformation system can be regarded as a gray system in nature, so that an effective way for carrying out prediction analysis on the deep foundation pit deformation is to apply the gray system theory.
The grey system theory regards random quantity as grey quantity which changes within a certain range, and regards random process as grey process which changes in a certain time zone in a certain range. The irregular original data sequence is accumulated to generate a regular data sequence, and then modeling prediction is carried out. In actual practice, a time series of deformations is obtained by deformation monitoring. However, in actual work, the following disadvantages exist: (1) the deformation of the foundation pit has nonlinearity and ambiguity, and the relation between input and output of the foundation pit is difficult to determine by using a conventional mathematical method; (2) data measured by actual engineering are mostly non-equidistant sequences, and the equidistant prediction sequences are difficult to accurately obtain predicted values in the prediction process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for predicting the deformation of a deep foundation pit by using a non-equidistant gray BP neural network, aiming at the problems that the structure of a current deep foundation pit deformation body is uncertain and a suitable prediction model is difficult to establish.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for predicting the deformation of a deep foundation pit of a non-equidistant gray BP neural network, which comprises the following steps: obtaining a measured value of the deep foundation pit;
inputting the measured value of the deep foundation pit into a BP neural network model obtained by training to obtain a corrected residual error;
and calculating to obtain a predicted value of the deep foundation pit based on the corrected residual error.
Preferably, training the obtained BP neural network model comprises:
obtaining a prediction sequence and a residual sequence;
inputting the prediction sequence and the residual sequence into the constructed BP neural network model to obtain a corrected residual;
calculating to obtain a predicted value of the deep foundation pit based on the corrected residual error;
comparing the predicted value of the deep foundation pit with the actual measured value of the deep foundation pit, and adjusting the parameters of the BP neural network model;
and repeating the steps until the iteration times are met, and outputting to obtain the final BP neural network model.
Preferably, obtaining the prediction sequence and the residual sequence comprises:
constructing non-equidistant sequence X by using collected measured values of deep foundation pit(0)(ki),
X(0)(ki)={X(0)(k1),X(0)(k2),...,X(0)(kn)};
Calculating the spacing Δ k of a non-equidistant sequencei
Δki=ki-ki-1,i=2,3,...,n;
Acquiring a prediction sequence by using a non-interval gray model;
and calculating to obtain a residual sequence based on the predicted sequence.
Preferably, the prediction sequence is obtained using a non-spaced gray model, comprising:
calculating once accumulation to generate sequence X(1)(ki):
Figure BDA0003560149310000021
X(1)(ki)={X(1)(k1),X(1)(k2),...,X(1)(kn)};
Constructing a whitening differential equation:
Figure BDA0003560149310000022
when t is k1When, X(1)(k1)=X(0)(k1) To obtain a response function:
Figure BDA0003560149310000023
in the formula, alpha and mu are parameters to be identified;
solving for X by least square method(1)(ki) The parameters alpha and mu to be identified in the whitening differential equation;
Figure BDA0003560149310000024
wherein y isn=[x(0)(k2),x(0)(k3),...,x(0)(kn)]T
Figure BDA0003560149310000025
Figure BDA0003560149310000026
In B Z(1)(ki) Is x(1)(t) in the interval [ k ]i-1,ki]A background value of (d);
substituting the calculated alpha and mu into a response function and reducing to obtain a predicted value
Figure BDA0003560149310000031
Figure BDA0003560149310000032
Preferably, the calculating of the residual sequence based on the predicted sequence comprises:
computing a residual sequence E (k)i):
Figure BDA0003560149310000033
Preferentially, setting parameters of a BP neural network model;
taking the prediction sequence as input, taking the residual sequence as expected output, and training the BP neural network model;
calculating to obtain a predicted value of the deep foundation pit based on the residual sequence;
and comparing the predicted value of the deep foundation pit with the actual measured value of the deep foundation pit, and adjusting the parameters of the BP neural network model.
Preferably, the parameters include the number of network input layers, the number of hidden layer nodes, the number of output layers, an initial weight, a learning rate, and an impulse coefficient.
A non-equidistant gray BP neural network deep foundation pit deformation prediction device comprises a processor and a storage medium;
the storage medium is used for storing instructions;
the processor is configured to operate in accordance with the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to any of the above.
A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any of the above.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention mainly solves the problem of difficulty in predicting a deep foundation pit model, and combines a non-interval gray model and a Bp neural network to establish a new method for predicting the deep foundation pit by the non-interval gray neural network so as to solve the problem of predicting the deep foundation pit;
(2) most of the deep foundation pit measured values collected in the actual work are sequences with unequal intervals, so that the establishment of a grey model of the sequences with unequal intervals has wide practical significance. Therefore, a non-space gray model is adopted to obtain a prediction sequence, a residual sequence is calculated through the prediction sequence, the residual sequence is used as expected output in a BP neural network model, the prediction sequence is used as an input sample, and a residual sequence is corrected to reduce errors, so that the effect of improving the prediction precision can be achieved.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The invention discloses a method for predicting deformation of a deep foundation pit of a non-equidistant gray BP neural network, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) constructing non-equidistant sequence X by utilizing measured value of deep foundation pit acquired by engineering monitoring instrument(0)(ki) And calculating the interval Deltak of the non-equidistant sequencei
X(0)(ki)={X(0)(k1),X(0)(k2),...,X(0)(kn)},
Δki=ki-ki-1,i=2,3,...,n,
(2) Calculate the predicted value
Figure BDA0003560149310000041
And residual sequence E (k)i);
(3) Taking the obtained predicted value as input data, taking the residual sequence as expected output, constructing a BP neural network model and training the BP neural network model;
(4) obtaining a corrected residual sequence by predicting the trained BP neural network model
Figure BDA0003560149310000042
Calculating a final prediction result Y based on the residual sequence(0)(ki):
Figure BDA0003560149310000043
Further, the step (2) comprises the steps of:
(21) calculating once accumulation to generate sequence X(1)(ki):
Figure BDA0003560149310000044
X(1)(ki)={X(1)(k1),X(1)(k2),...,X(1)(kn)}
(22) Constructing a whitening differential equation:
Figure BDA0003560149310000045
when t is k1When, X(1)(k1)=X(0)(k1) And the response function is obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0003560149310000046
where α and μ are the parameters to be identified.
(23) Using least square method to solve and generate sequence X(1)(ki) α and μ in the whitening differential equation of (1);
Figure BDA0003560149310000047
wherein
Figure BDA0003560149310000051
Figure BDA0003560149310000052
In B Z(1)(ki) Is x(1)(t) in the interval [ k ]i-1,ki]The background value of (2).
(24) Substituting the calculated alpha and mu into the response function and reducing to obtain the predicted value
Figure BDA0003560149310000053
Figure BDA0003560149310000054
(25) Computing a residual sequence E (k)i):
Figure BDA0003560149310000055
Further, the step (3) is realized as follows:
(31) setting the number of network input layers, the number of hidden layer nodes, the number of output layers, initial weights, learning rates and impulse coefficients;
(32) and taking the obtained predicted value as input data, selecting the actually measured data of the deep foundation pit from the output data, taking the residual sequence as expected output, carrying out neural network training, adjusting proper learning rate and impulse coefficient, and continuing to carry out the neural network training.
Predicting residual error data by the trained BP neural network to obtain a corrected residual error sequence
Figure BDA0003560149310000056
Calculating the final prediction result Y(0)(ki):
Figure BDA0003560149310000057
The internal network structure of the BP neural network model and the internal network structure of the non-spaced gray model are available in the prior art, and can be selected according to the actual application process.
A non-equidistant gray BP neural network deep foundation pit deformation prediction device comprises a processor and a storage medium;
the storage medium is used for storing instructions;
the processor is configured to operate in accordance with the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to any of the above.
A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any of the above.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for predicting the deformation of a deep foundation pit by a non-equidistant gray BP neural network is characterized in that,
acquiring a deep foundation pit measured value;
inputting the measured value of the deep foundation pit into a BP neural network model obtained by training to obtain a corrected residual error;
and calculating to obtain a predicted value of the deep foundation pit based on the corrected residual error.
2. The method for predicting the deformation of the deep foundation pit of the non-equidistant gray BP neural network according to claim 1, wherein the training for obtaining the BP neural network model comprises:
acquiring a prediction sequence and a residual sequence;
inputting the prediction sequence and the residual sequence into the constructed BP neural network model to obtain a corrected residual;
calculating to obtain a predicted value of the deep foundation pit based on the corrected residual error;
comparing the predicted value of the deep foundation pit with the actual measured value of the deep foundation pit, and adjusting the parameters of the BP neural network model;
and repeating the steps until the iteration times are met, and outputting to obtain the final BP neural network model.
3. The method for predicting the deformation of the deep foundation pit of the non-equidistant gray BP neural network according to claim 2, wherein the obtaining of the prediction sequence and the residual sequence comprises:
constructing non-equidistant sequence X by using collected measured values of deep foundation pit(0)(ki),
X(0)(ki)={X(0)(k1),X(0)(k2),...,X(0)(kn)};
Calculating the spacing Δ k of a non-equidistant sequencei
Δki=ki-ki-1,i=2,3,...,n;
Acquiring a prediction sequence by using a non-interval gray model;
and calculating to obtain a residual sequence based on the predicted sequence.
4. The method for predicting the deformation of the deep foundation pit of the non-equidistant gray BP neural network according to claim 3, wherein the step of obtaining the prediction sequence by using the non-equidistant gray model comprises the following steps:
calculating once accumulation to generate sequence X(1)(ki):
Figure FDA0003560149300000011
X(1)(ki)={X(1)(k1),X(1)(k2),...,X(1)(kn)};
Constructing a whitening differential equation:
Figure FDA0003560149300000021
when t is k1When, X(1)(k1)=X(0)(k1) Obtaining a response function:
Figure FDA0003560149300000022
in the formula, alpha and mu are parameters to be identified;
solving alpha and mu by using a least square method;
Figure FDA0003560149300000023
wherein y isn=[x(0)(k2),x(0)(k3),...,x(0)(kn)]T
Figure FDA0003560149300000024
Figure FDA0003560149300000025
In B Z(1)(ki) Is x(1)(t) in the interval [ k ]i-1,ki]The background value of (a);
substituting the calculated alpha and mu into a response function and reducing to obtain a predicted value
Figure FDA0003560149300000026
Figure FDA0003560149300000027
5. The method for predicting the deformation of the deep foundation pit of the non-equidistant gray BP neural network according to claim 4, wherein the residual sequence is obtained by calculation based on the predicted sequence, and the method comprises the following steps:
computing a residual sequence E (k)i):
Figure FDA0003560149300000028
6. The method for predicting the deep foundation pit deformation of the non-equidistant gray BP neural network according to claim 2, characterized by setting parameters of a BP neural network model;
taking the prediction sequence as input and the residual sequence as expected output, and training a BP neural network model;
calculating to obtain a predicted value of the deep foundation pit based on the residual sequence;
and comparing the predicted value of the deep foundation pit with the actual measured value of the deep foundation pit, and adjusting the parameters of the BP neural network model.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the parameters comprise a network input layer number, a hidden layer node number, an output layer number, an initial weight, a learning rate and a momentum coefficient.
8. A non-equidistant gray BP neural network deep foundation pit deformation prediction device is characterized by comprising a processor and a storage medium;
the storage medium is used for storing instructions;
the processor is configured to operate in accordance with the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. Computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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