CN114609779A - Long-field-depth large-field-angle image conduction optical system applied to augmented reality - Google Patents
Long-field-depth large-field-angle image conduction optical system applied to augmented reality Download PDFInfo
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- CN114609779A CN114609779A CN202011427318.XA CN202011427318A CN114609779A CN 114609779 A CN114609779 A CN 114609779A CN 202011427318 A CN202011427318 A CN 202011427318A CN 114609779 A CN114609779 A CN 114609779A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0075—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. increasing, the depth of field or depth of focus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0081—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. enlarging, the entrance or exit pupil
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0127—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the depth of field
Abstract
The invention discloses a long-depth-of-field and large-field-angle image transmission optical system applied to augmented reality, which comprises a micro-display, a collimating lens, a light guide substrate and a micro-reflection unit, wherein the diameter of the micro-reflection unit is smaller than the pupil of a human eye, a light beam emitted by the micro-display is collimated by the collimating lens to become a parallel light beam, the parallel light beam enters the light guide substrate and encounters at least one micro-reflection unit, the light beam reflected by the micro-reflection unit is emitted from the lower surface of the light guide substrate and enters the human eye in the form of the parallel light, and the transmitted light beam is transmitted to the next micro-reflection unit. The optical system can provide a large-field-angle display image with nearly infinite depth of field, bright color, clearness and sharpness, and can be conveniently applied to various fields such as augmented reality display, projection display, myopia correction and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical imaging, and particularly relates to a long-field-depth and large-field-angle image conduction optical system applied to augmented reality.
Background
The augmented reality technology realizes the prompt and interaction of information by accurately superposing virtual digital information and objects in a real environment, and in the head-mounted augmented reality application, virtual image information generated by a computer is displayed in the front of the visual field of an observer by using an optical element, so that the wearer can clearly observe an environmental target object while acquiring superposed information, and therefore, the head-mounted augmented reality optical display element requires a large-field-of-view display image which is close to infinite field depth, bright in color and clear.
The optical elements traditionally used for head-mounted augmented reality are mainly optical prisms based on a 45 ° reflective surface. In order to increase the size of the displayed image, the area of the 45-degree reflecting surface is increased, namely the thickness of the reflecting structure of the optical prism is increased, otherwise, ghost images occur, the contrast of the displayed image is reduced, and therefore, the weight of the volume of the display system is increased sharply along with the increase of the thickness of the reflecting structure, and great inconvenience is brought to the wearing of a user.
To address the contradiction between weight and field of view of traditional wearable display optical systems, U.S. Micro Vision corporation patents: US7736006B2 proposes a display technique, which uses a polarization substrate to realize the conversion of the polarization state of light waves, so that the S light with large angle is reflected to form an image, and the P light with small angle is completely transmitted through the reflection surface. The scheme has the defects that the large-angle S light reflection and the large-angle P light transmission are adopted, so that the projection area of the reflection output surface on the bottom surface of the substrate is too small to facilitate the expansion of a view field, the design difficulty is increased, and the thickness of a device cannot be thinned. US7021777 achieves the problem of large field of view image and display device slimness by means of planar optical waveguides, but the display image field of view is limited by the angle of total reflection of the material and can only be kept clear at specific locations.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the technology, the long-depth-of-field and large-field-angle image conduction optical system applied to augmented reality provided by the invention not only has obvious reduction in volume and weight, but also has greater advantages in the aspects of image depth of field and large field angle.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the image transmission optical system is at least provided with a micro reflection unit with the diameter smaller than that of a pupil of a human eye, a cone-shaped light beam emitted by the micro display is collimated by the collimating lens and then becomes a parallel light beam, after the parallel light beam enters the light guide substrate, each pinhole can only reflect a part of thin light beams in the parallel light beam due to the existence of the micro reflection unit, and the thin light beams reflected by the micro reflection unit can form a clear and sharp display image on a retina after entering the human eye. According to design requirements, the type, the number and the size of the micro-reflection units and the center distance of the micro-reflection units can be increased reasonably, so that when human eyes observe a far and near external object, a virtual image output by a micro-display can be formed into a clear and sharp display image on a retina.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the display image of the image conduction optical system has long depth of field, large field angle and the capability of directly fusing diopter. The image transmission optical system enables the virtual image to be concentrated on the retina by limiting the large-diameter light beam into the thinner and more concentrated thin light beam, improves the sharpness and the definition of the image, ensures that the display image close to infinite depth of field can be provided, has larger size of the display image, and can meet the diopter adjustment requirement.
Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional reflective image-conducting optical element;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a planar lightwave circuit image-guiding optical element;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the imaging of light rays in a planar optical waveguide onto a human eye retina;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of light rays being imaged on a human eye retina during accommodation by the human eye;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of imaging on a human eye retina after a pinhole structure has changed the imaging beam;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a structure of introducing a pinhole in a planar optical waveguide imaging system;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a long-field-depth large-field-angle image transmission optical system for augmented reality according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a layout of micro-reflective units of a long-field-depth large-field-angle image-guided optical system for augmented reality according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a human eye direction view of the long-depth-of-field wide-field-angle image transmission optical system applied to augmented reality.
In the figure, 10-microdisplay; 11-a collimating lens; 12-a light-guiding substrate; 13-upper surface; 14-a micro-reflective unit; 15-lower surface.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a conventional reflective image-conducting optical device is shown. The traditional emission type image conduction optical element mainly comprises an Input coupling Surface-45, a light guide substrate consisting of an upper Surface and a lower Surface which are strictly parallel to each other, namely, a Surface 1 and a Surface 2, and an Output coupling Surface-45. In order to ensure the consistent spatial directions of the input and output light rays, the geometric parameters of the conventional reflective image-transmitting optical element should satisfy certain conditions, i.e.
βsur-in-45 = βsur-out-45 = 45°
Wherein, β Sur-in-45 is an included angle between the Input Surface-45 of the coupling Input Surface and the Surface Sur1 of the lower Surface of the light guide substrate, and β Sur-out-45 is an included angle between the Output Surface-45 of the coupling Output Surface and the Surface Sur2 of the upper Surface of the light guide substrate.
Collimated light Chief ray emitted by the central pixel point of the image source and collimated light Marterminal ray emitted by the edge pixel point enter the light guide substrate, then meet with the Input Surface Input-45, directly meet with the Output Surface Output-45 after being emitted by the Input Surface Input-45, and finally are Output to the outside of the light guide substrate after being reflected by the Output Surface. The angle β fov-45 between the collimated light rays Chief ray and Mardigital ray in the light guiding substrate limits the size of the display image that can be transmitted. In fig. 1, when the included angle between the collimated light rays emitted from the edge pixel points and the light rays emitted from the on-axis points is larger than the angle β fov-45, the meeting of the edge light rays and the Sur2 on the upper surface of the light guide substrate will cause ghost images to appear, so that the contrast of the displayed image is reduced. In order to avoid ghost images and increase the size of the display image, the Thickness of the light guide substrate, thick-45, needs to be increased, but the weight and volume of the display element become large, which causes great inconvenience for wearing applications.
Referring to FIG. 2, a schematic diagram of a planar lightwave circuit image-guiding optical element is shown. The planar lightwave circuit image conduction optical element mainly comprises a coupling input end Iutput surface-WG, a coupling Output end Output surface-WG, an upper surface WG-surf1 and a lower surface WG-surf1 which are strictly parallel to each other. The planar optical waveguide image-conducting optical element has the greatest advantage that the light-guiding substrate is less than 1mm thick, and thus has great advantages in terms of weight and volume compared to conventional reflective image-conducting optical elements.
For a planar lightwave circuit image-conducting optical element, light propagates in the light-conducting substrate by total reflection, so the size of the display image that can be transmitted in the light-conducting substrate is directly limited by the total reflection angle β -critical of the material. In order to increase the size of a display image, the refractive index of the material needs to be increased to ensure that the light satisfies the total reflection condition while being transmitted in the light guide substrate. However, as the refractive index of the material increases, the density of the material increases and the choice of high index materials is limited, these factors resulting in a limited size of display image that can be conducted.
For a planar optical waveguide light guide substrate, optical parameters such as roughness, parallelism and flatness of the upper surface and the lower surface of the planar optical waveguide light guide substrate must meet strict optical design requirements, otherwise, because light rays cannot be transmitted in the light guide substrate according to the requirement of mirror reflection, included angles of light beams from the same object point after the light beams are output from the light guide substrate are larger than a resolution angle of human eyes, so that the definition and contrast of images are reduced, and double images appear when the human eyes directly observe the light beams. In addition, in the light guide substrate of the planar waveguide, image light is transmitted under the condition of total reflection, so that the upper and lower surfaces of the light guide substrate need to be strictly parallel, and diopter requirements cannot be blended.
Referring to fig. 3, the light in the planar optical waveguide is imaged on the retina of a human eye. In the planar optical waveguide of fig. 3 (a), since the transmitted light is collimated and parallel light, strict requirements are imposed on the parallelism and surface type of the light guide substrate, and also on the eyesight of the observer himself. In order to ensure that human eyes can comfortably observe a displayed image at a certain distance, the planar optical waveguide image transmission optical element has an exit pupil expansion function, namely, a light extension structure exists, so that a thin light beam is changed into a wide light beam. Fig. 3 (b) shows the situation after the light coupled and output from the planar optical waveguide enters human eyes, in order to ensure that the image output from the planar optical waveguide can be formed into a clear and bright image on the retina of human eyes, the state of the crystal to be observed is good, otherwise the output image cannot be formed into a clear image on the retina.
Referring to fig. 4, the image of light rays on the retina of a human eye during accommodation is shown. For augmented reality display applications, a computer-generated virtual image and a real-world object need to be superimposed, and for this reason, the virtual image is required to be a clear image when a human eye observes a near-far physical-world object. FIG. 4 (a) is a diagram illustrating the imaging of a virtual display image generated by a collimated image source onto the retina of a human eye when the human eye views a distant object. Since the wide-beam virtual image generated by the collimated image source is located beyond 5 meters, the virtual image can be formed into a clear and good image on the retina at this time. Fig. 4 (b) shows the image of the wide-beam virtual image generated by the collimated image source on the retina of the human eye when the observer observes a near object. At the moment, a close-distance object can form a clear image on the retina, and a wide-beam virtual image generated by the collimation image source is focused near a focus through the crystal and cannot be focused on the retina, so that the image becomes fuzzy. Due to the reasons, the wide-beam virtual image generated by the collimated image source cannot be accurately registered with a near-distance target in augmented reality application, and the practical application significance is lost.
Referring to fig. 5, the image on the retina of a human eye after the pinhole structure changes the imaging beam is schematically shown. Fig. 5 (a) shows that when the human eye views a target object at a short distance, a virtual image located beyond 5 meters is imaged on the retina of the human eye, and at this time, the virtual image cannot be clearly and sharply imaged on the retina, which results in a reduction in the range of the augmented reality application. Fig. 5 (b) shows that when a short-distance object is observed by human eyes, a small round hole with a specific size is placed in front of the human eyes at a certain distance, and at this time, in addition to the short-distance object forming a clear image on the retina, a virtual image located beyond 5 meters can also form a clear and sharp image on the retina of the human eyes.
Referring to fig. 6, a schematic diagram of a pinhole structure introduced into a planar optical waveguide imaging system is shown. In fig. 7 a porous barrier Block is introduced between the planar optical waveguide at the output face and the human eye. The barrier Block is provided with more than one pinhole Pin-hole, when a human eye observes a display image of the planar optical waveguide at the moment, the image is clearer and sharper than the image without the barrier Block, and due to the introduction of the barrier Block, clear images can be directly observed when diopter abnormity in a certain range is observed without extra diopter auxiliary equipment.
Referring to fig. 7, the long-depth-of-field large-field-angle image transmission optical system applied to augmented reality of the present invention includes a micro display 10, a collimating lens 11, a light guide substrate 12 and a micro reflection unit 14, wherein the diameter of the micro reflection unit 14 is smaller than the pupil of a human eye, a light beam emitted by the micro display 10 is collimated by the collimating lens 11 and becomes a parallel light beam, the parallel light beam enters the light guide substrate 12 and encounters at least one micro reflection unit 14, the light beam reflected by the micro reflection unit 14 enters the human eye in the form of parallel light, and the transmitted light beam is transmitted to the next micro reflection unit 14.
The invention is applied to the light guide substrate 12 of the long-depth-of-field and large-field-angle image conduction optical system for augmented reality. According to the wearing display requirement, in order to ensure the position of human eyes where image information can be transmitted, a light guide substrate is required to guide image light to a designed position. According to specific application requirements, a variety of optical materials can be used as a light guide substrate at present, such as optical glass materials JGS1, JGS2, K9, BK7 and the like, and optical plastic materials such as PC, PMMA and the like. Since each material has different refractive index, dispersion coefficient, transmittance, absorption coefficient, density, and the like, it needs to be selected according to specific application requirements in consideration of practical application conditions and limitations of processing technology. For the light guide substrate of the image conduction optical system, the working mode of image light rays in the light guide substrate is not transmitted by means of total reflection, so that the upper surface 13 and the lower surface 15 are not limited to planes or curved surfaces, diopters can be directly fused according to the use requirement, namely, a near vision lens is used as the light guide substrate of the image conduction optical system, and the increase of the weight and the cost of the optical system caused by additionally introducing other diopter adjusting elements is avoided.
The invention is applied to the micro-reflection unit 14 of the long-depth-of-field large-field-angle image conduction optical element for augmented reality. For augmented reality applications, after computer-generated virtual image information is directly transmitted in the light guide substrate 12 over a certain optical path, the micro-reflection unit 14 of the optical system of the present invention is capable of reflecting the image information into human eyes. The diameter of the micro-reflection unit 14 is smaller than that of a pupil of a human eye, and the shape, type and size of the micro-reflection unit are reasonably changed according to design requirements, so that when the human eye observes a far or near external object, on one hand, a virtual image generated by a display image source can form a clear and sharp image on a retina; on the other hand, a comfortable experience image with a large field of view can be obtained by increasing the number of the micro-reflection units and changing the center-to-center distance of the micro-reflection units. In order to ensure the micro-reflection unit 14 to reflect light, a coating process may be adopted, and particularly, a metal coating and/or a dielectric coating may be applied according to the application scenario.
The layout situation of the micro-reflection unit comprises the following steps:
when the number of the micro-reflection units is one, the micro-reflection units reflect paraxial beamlets to enter human eyes in a parallel light mode, the micro-reflection units can be light-proof or light-transmitting, and the transmitted beamlets can be output out of the light guide substrate to avoid interference with imaging of reflected beams of the micro-reflection units;
when the number of the micro-reflection units is more than one, one or more than two micro-reflection units are arranged on the first inclined plane, there may also be a second inclined plane, a third inclined plane and a fourth inclined plane, and the inclination angles between the inclined planes are identical, but the number of the inclined planes is not limited. The inclined planes can be fictional due to the requirement of describing the layout of the micro-reflection unit, or can be actually present according to the actual processing requirement. The number of the micro-reflection units on the second inclined plane can be the same as or different from that of the micro-reflection units on the first inclined plane, the positions of the micro-reflection units on the second inclined plane can correspond to or do not correspond to those of the micro-reflection units on the first inclined plane, when one of the micro-reflection units on the second inclined plane corresponds to the other micro-reflection unit on the first inclined plane, part of the beamlets entering the light guide substrate is transmitted to the micro-reflection units on the second inclined plane after being partially reflected by the micro-reflection units on the first inclined plane, and the third inclined plane and the fourth inclined plane are the same. Certain space is kept between the inclined planes, so that parallel light reflected and emitted by the micro-reflection units between the inclined planes cannot interfere with each other or overlap.
For ease of understanding, the layout of the micro-reflective cells may be stated in another way, as follows:
when the number of the micro-reflection units is more than one, the micro-reflection units are arranged in line on the light guide substrate or arranged on the light guide substrate in multiple rows, and the number of the micro-reflection units in each row may be different.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, the layout of the micro-reflective unit of the long-depth-of-field wide-field-angle image transmission optical system applied to augmented reality is schematically illustrated. The micro-reflection unit is arranged on the first inclined plane, the three micro-reflection units are arranged on the second inclined plane, the micro-reflection unit is arranged on the third inclined plane, and the positions of the micro-reflection unit on the first inclined plane, the micro-reflection unit on the third inclined plane and one of the micro-reflection units on the second inclined plane correspond to each other. The parallel light beams entering the light guide substrate sequentially pass through the first inclined plane, the second inclined plane and the third inclined plane, and if the positions of the micro reflection units correspond to each other, the parallel light beams sequentially pass through the corresponding micro reflection units.
The micro-reflection units of the present invention mainly provide clear and sharp long-depth-of-field display images, and in order to ensure that human eyes can observe sufficiently large display images comfortably, the spacing, size and size between the micro-reflection units need to be adjusted. When the image transmission optical system does not display image output, in order to avoid the existence of the micro reflection units from influencing the view of human eyes on external scenes, the size Hole-size of each micro reflection unit is about 1mm, because the undersize or oversize of the micro reflection units can influence the definition of images, and the Space between the micro reflection units is kept about 3 mm. Furthermore, in order to reflect the image light to the human eye for imaging, the Micro-reflector unit Micro-mirror needs to maintain a certain inclination angle, for example, 45 °, which is determined according to the coating process, the transmittance requirement, and the layout of the image light guide structure. The diameter of the Pupil Pupil of the human eye is about 4-8 mm, in order to ensure that the human eye can comfortably observe a large-view-field display image, the distance between the Pupil of the human eye and the micro-reflection unit, namely the lens distance is about 18mm, so that the field angle which can be provided by each micro-reflection unit is as follows:
θFov = 13°
thus, a desired large-field-angle image can be easily obtained by appropriately and reasonably increasing the number of the micro-reflective units, and for example, when the number of the micro-reflective units arranged in the horizontal direction of the selected area is 6, the field angle of the image in the horizontal direction that can be observed is 78 °. Certainly, in order to ensure that a comfortable display image can be observed in the vertical direction, the number of micro-reflection units in the vertical direction needs to be increased correspondingly, and the specific number is determined according to the size of the selected micro-display and the size of the required display image provided by the collimation system
Referring to fig. 9, the present invention is applied to a human eye direction view of a long-depth-of-field wide-field-angle image conduction optical system for augmented reality. The layout of the micro-reflective units in the figure is different from that of fig. 7 and 8, and five micro-reflective units 14 are all arranged on one slope. In this embodiment, five micro-reflection units are fixed on an inclined plane, and then are glued together by glue by adopting another matched inclined plane structure, and the shaded area in the figure is the gluing interface. Of course, the dimensions of light directing substrate 12 may be adjusted according to the particular application. According to application requirements, the micro-reflection unit 14 is placed at an angle of 40.5 degrees, and the surface of the micro-reflection unit 14 is formed by adopting an ion source assisted coating process. The light guide substrate is made of E48R optical plastic, so that good light transmission can be ensured, the weight of the optical element can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The long-depth-of-field and large-field-angle image transmission optical system applied to augmented reality is characterized by comprising a micro-display, a collimating lens, a light guide substrate and micro-reflection units, wherein the diameter of each micro-reflection unit is smaller than the pupil of a human eye, a light beam emitted by the micro-display is collimated by the collimating lens to become a parallel light beam, the parallel light beam enters the light guide substrate and encounters at least one micro-reflection unit, the light beam reflected by the micro-reflection unit is emitted from the lower surface of the light guide substrate and enters the human eye in the form of parallel light, and the transmitted light beam is transmitted to the next micro-reflection unit.
2. The long-depth-of-field and large-field-angle image conduction optical system applied to augmented reality according to claim 1, wherein the micro-reflection units are arranged on the light guide substrate in a line or in multiple rows.
3. The optical conduction system for long-depth-of-field and large-field-angle images applied to augmented reality according to claim 2, wherein the distance between centers of the micro-reflection units in each row is 3mm, and the diameter of the micro-reflection unit is 1 mm.
4. The optical conduction system for long-depth-of-field and large-field-angle images applied to augmented reality as claimed in claim 3, wherein the distance between the pupil of the human eye and the micro reflection unit is 18 mm.
5. The optical conduction system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the micro-reflection unit forms an angle of 45 ° with the parallel light beam entering the light guide substrate.
6. The optical conduction system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light guide substrate is a myopia lens.
7. The optical conduction system for long-depth-of-field and large-field-angle images applied to augmented reality according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the light guide substrate is less than 1 mm.
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