CN114609420A - Direct-current low-current arc generation device and method - Google Patents
Direct-current low-current arc generation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114609420A CN114609420A CN202210507409.7A CN202210507409A CN114609420A CN 114609420 A CN114609420 A CN 114609420A CN 202210507409 A CN202210507409 A CN 202210507409A CN 114609420 A CN114609420 A CN 114609420A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/28—Provision in measuring instruments for reference values, e.g. standard voltage, standard waveform
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
Abstract
The invention provides a direct current low current arc generating device and a method, comprising the following steps: the conductive wire comprises a first conductive rod, a second conductive rod and a conductive velvet cluster; one end of the first conductive rod is in a tip shape, and the conductive velvet balls are wound into balls by thin metal wires with the diameter smaller than a preset value; the tip of the first conductive rod is heated and then inserted into the conductive velvet cluster, the conductive velvet cluster is cut along the section perpendicular to the first conductive rod outside the tip, and the conductive velvet outside the section is cut off; the second conductive rod is made of a conductive material with low resistivity and soft texture; one end of the second conductive rod is a plane; at the initial moment, pressing the plane ends of a large number of tip second conductive rods of the prepared conductive rods to enable the prepared conductive rods to be connected with the second conductive rods in series, and introducing direct current to the two conductive rods connected in series; subsequently, at least one of the preparation collector bar or the second collector bar is translated such that there is a gap between the two collector bars to produce a dc low current arc within the gap.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of direct current detection, and particularly relates to a direct current low-current arc generating device and method.
Background
With the acceleration of the global electrification process, the power demand continuously rises, the photovoltaic power generation is rapidly popularized, but photovoltaic accidents at home and abroad also show a rising trend. Arc is a gas discharge phenomenon that produces high temperature, high brightness and radiation. When an arc occurs, if arc extinguishing is not performed in time, damage to cables, loss of power generation, and even fire may occur. In photovoltaic systems, one of the common types of arcs on the dc side is series arcing, which is common at the MC4 terminals of photovoltaic systems. In order to cut off the branch circuit in time when an arc occurs, an arc detection function needs to be added to the photovoltaic system.
In order to research an arc detection device, it is necessary to provide an arc generating device that is usable for experiments, and an intelligent arc generating device for photovoltaic is disclosed in the prior patent document CN 214703835U. The device includes organism, motor, lead screw, slide, positioning seat, utmost point post one, utmost point post two, install the controller in the organism, be fixed with the organism and the positioning seat of motor on the mesa of organism, the lead screw rotates and connects on the mesa of organism, and lead screw one end is connected on the output shaft of motor, and threaded connection has the nut on the lead screw, and the nut is fixed on the slide, and the slide sliding fit is connected on the mesa of organism, is fixed with utmost point post one on the positioning seat, is fixed with utmost point post two on the slide, and the motor is connected with the controller electricity. Therefore, in the above document, the motor is matched with the screw rod to drive the second pole to move horizontally, so that the second pole and the first pole are controlled to open and close, and the electric arc is pulled out. The moving speed and the moving distance of the second pole can be realized by controlling the motor by the controller after the parameters are set. However, the above-mentioned solution has the disadvantages that it can only generate an arc in a loop with a large current, it is difficult to generate a stable arc in a loop with a small current, and it is difficult to collect data of a waveform of a small current arc for exploration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a direct-current low-current arc generating device and a direct-current low-current arc generating method, and aims to solve the problems that an existing arc generating technology can only generate an arc in a loop with larger current, stable arc is difficult to generate in a low-current loop, and low-current arc waveform data are difficult to collect for exploration.
To achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a dc low-current arc generating device, including: the conductive wire comprises a first conductive rod, a second conductive rod and a conductive velvet cluster;
one end of the first conductive rod is in a tip shape, and the conductive velvet balls are wound into balls by thin metal wires with the diameter smaller than a preset value; the tip end of the first conductive rod is heated and then inserted into the conductive velvet mass, so that the first conductive rod and the conductive velvet mass are fused into a whole; after the tip of the first conductive rod is cooled, cutting the conductive velvet cluster along the section perpendicular to the first conductive rod outside the tip, and cutting off the conductive velvet outside the section to obtain a prepared conductive rod with a large number of tips; the conductive velvet cluster is made of the same material as the first conductive rod, and is a conductive material which is low in resistivity, high-temperature resistant, easy to bend and difficult to oxidize;
the second conductive rod is made of a conductive material with low resistivity and soft texture; one end of the second conductive rod is a plane;
at the initial moment, pressing a large number of tips of the prepared conducting rods and the plane end of the second conducting rod tightly, so that the prepared conducting rods are connected with the second conducting rod in series, and introducing direct current into the two conducting rods in series;
subsequently, at least one of the preparation collector bar or the second collector bar is translated such that there is a gap between the two collector bars to produce a dc low current arc within the gap.
In an optional example, the resistivity of the first conductive rod, the mass of conductive velvet, and the second conductive rod is less than a threshold value.
In an optional example, the apparatus further comprises: a guide rail;
the guide rail is used for controlling the preparation conducting rod or the second conducting rod to move horizontally.
In an alternative example, the first conductive rod and the conductive velvet ball are made of copper.
In an alternative example, the second conductive rod is made of graphite.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for generating a dc low-current arc, comprising the following steps:
determining a first conductive rod, a second conductive rod and a conductive velvet cluster; the conductive velvet cluster is made of the same material as the first conductive rod, and is a conductive material which is low in resistivity, high-temperature resistant, easy to bend and difficult to oxidize; one end of the first conductive rod is in a tip shape, and the conductive velvet balls are wound into balls by thin metal wires with the diameter smaller than a preset value; the second conductive rod is made of a conductive material with low resistivity and soft texture; one end of the second conductive rod is a plane;
heating the tip of the first conductive rod, and then inserting the tip into the conductive velvet mass to enable the first conductive rod and the conductive velvet mass to be fused into a whole;
after the tip of the first conductive rod is cooled, cutting the conductive velvet cluster along the section perpendicular to the first conductive rod outside the tip, and cutting off the conductive velvet outside the section to obtain a prepared conductive rod with a large number of tips;
at the initial moment, pressing a large number of tips of the prepared conducting rods and the plane end of the second conducting rod tightly, so that the prepared conducting rods are connected with the second conducting rod in series, and introducing direct current into the two conducting rods in series;
subsequently, at least one of the preparation collector bar or the second collector bar is translated such that there is a gap between the two collector bars to produce a dc low current arc within the gap.
In an optional example, the resistivity of the first conductive rod, the mass of conductive velvet, and the second conductive rod is less than a threshold value.
In an optional example, the first conductive rod and the conductive velvet balls are made of copper.
In an alternative example, the second conductive rod is made of graphite.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a direct current low current electric arc generating device and a method, which are based on an ionization model of a rod-plate uneven electric field, wherein a tip of a first conductive rod and a flat plate of a second conductive rod are used as electrodes, dense conductive velvet balls are arranged between the electrodes, the velvet balls are cut along the cross section to obtain a large number of tips, the ionization model of one tip and a plane is expanded to the ionization models of the large number of tips and the plane, so that the probability of observing a direct current electric arc is greatly increased, the device can ensure that the direct current electric arc is observed visually, the reliability is higher when the direct current electric arc current data is screened, and the direct current electric arc current with unobvious appearance is mistakenly judged as the direct current with stable operation to cause interference on the judgment of the direct current electric arc.
The invention provides a direct current low current arc generating device and a direct current low current arc generating method.
The invention provides a device and a method for generating a direct current low-current arc, which are characterized in that a gap is reserved between electrodes after electrification is carried out, an arc is generated, the arc is generated more obviously in a low-voltage environment, the arc is easier to observe and detect, and further, the continuous and stable arc can be generated by the direct current low-current below 3A.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a DC low current arc generating device provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-tip collector bar in series with a planar collector bar according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-tip collector bar and a planar collector bar with a gap therebetween according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It should be noted that, referring to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard, considering that the maximum voltage range that most control chips can measure is 3.3V, and a certain non-linear phenomenon occurs during full-range data acquisition, the upper limit of the extremely low current level is determined to be 3.15A; considering that the scale of most photovoltaic systems is small, and the current level on a direct current operation loop of the photovoltaic system does not exceed 10A, the upper limit of the lower current level is determined to be 10A; considering that the present application focuses on the judgment of the dc arc at a low current level, the upper limit of the dc low current level in the present application is determined to be 16A according to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard.
Since it is difficult to obtain a stable and continuous dc arc in a low-voltage low-current circuit, the present invention proposes a device for generating a dc low-current arc. It is understood by those skilled in the art that all conductive materials with low resistivity, high temperature resistance, easy bending and difficult oxidation can be used to make the conductive velvet mass and the first conductive rod, and all conductive materials with low resistivity and soft texture can be used to make the conductive velvet mass.
In the following embodiments of the present invention, for the sake of convenience and clarity, only copper is used as the material of the first conductive rod and the conductive velvet balls, and graphite is used as the material of the second conductive rod for illustration, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a DC low current arc generating device provided by an embodiment of the invention; as shown in figure 1, according to the high voltage theory, because the gas breakdown phenomenon is easily generated by the extremely uneven field, the device adopts the copper rod tip and the graphite plane as electrodes to form an extremely uneven field rod-plate model; and then adding fine copper wire velvet balls between the electrodes, and cutting one end of the ball close to the graphite electrode to form more small tips at one end of the ball, wherein the tips form a new rod-plate model together with the graphite plate electrode, so that the unevenness of an electric field is further increased, the number of tip electrodes is further increased, direct current arcs are easily generated in gaps, and the generated arcs are easily observed.
In a specific embodiment, the manufacturing method of the low-current direct-current arc generating device provided by the invention comprises the following steps: a copper rod with a diameter of 5 mm is taken, and one end of the copper rod is made into a conical tip. And taking a plurality of thin copper wires with the diameter of 0.1 mm and the length of 5 cm, and randomly winding the copper wires to form a round ball. Heating the copper electrode to about 300 ℃, inserting the conical tip into the copper wire velvet ball, and after the copper electrode and the copper wire velvet ball are cooled, fusing and fixing the copper electrode and the copper wire velvet ball into a whole. And finding a section of the most pointed end of the copper electrode, which is vertical to the axis of the copper electrode, and shearing the copper wool balls along the section, wherein the section is provided with a large number of pointed ends, so that the special copper electrode is obtained.
Taking a graphite rod with the diameter of 8 mm, and manufacturing one end of the graphite rod into a plane to obtain the graphite plate electrode.
The special copper electrode and the graphite plate electrode are fixed on the slide rail, and the axes of the special copper electrode and the graphite plate electrode are fixed on the same horizontal line, so that the axes can still be aligned when the electrodes move.
As shown in fig. 2, at the initial moment, a large number of tips of the prepared conducting rods are pressed against the planar end of the graphite rod, so that the prepared conducting rods are connected in series with the graphite rod, and a small direct current is introduced into the two conducting rods connected in series; at least one of the prepared collector bars or graphite bars is then translated as shown in fig. 3 such that there is a gap between the two collector bars to create a dc low current arc within the gap.
Because gas breakdown is probability time, and along with the reduction of voltage level, under the condition that other conditions are not changed, the probability of generating the direct current arc is reduced, so that the generation of the direct current arc is difficult; and as the voltage level is reduced, the direct current arc becomes dark in shape, the hissing sound of the direct current arc becomes small, and the direct current arc is difficult to observe visually. The direct current low current arc generator device is developed for obtaining direct current arc under the low voltage low current scene, aiming at the difficult problem that the direct current arc is difficult to generate and observe under the low voltage low current scene, the invention utilizes the 'rod-plate model' of the extremely uneven field, and the number of tips is increased, so that the probability of observing the arc is improved, and the device capable of clearly observing the direct current arc is developed.
The existing machine learning judgment algorithm of the direct current arc needs a large amount of direct current arc waveform data for learning, and the direct current arc current data acquisition efficiency becomes very difficult due to the problems. The device can ensure that the direct current arc is observed visually, has higher reliability when screening direct current arc current data, and avoids the interference on the judgment of the direct current arc caused by judging the direct current arc current with unobvious appearance as the direct current with stable operation by mistake.
Experiments prove that the direct current arc generating device provided by the invention can generate an arc in a circuit with the current value below 3A, and the duration of the arc is long and about 8 seconds. The invention solves the problem that the low-voltage low current generates continuous and obvious electric arc, can more conveniently research the waveform characteristics of the direct-current low-current electric arc, and provides a feasible and operable technical scheme for the problem of electric arc generation in various low-voltage and low-current direct-current circuits.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A low direct current arc generating device, comprising: the conductive wire comprises a first conductive rod, a second conductive rod and a conductive velvet cluster;
one end of the first conductive rod is in a tip shape, and the conductive velvet balls are wound into balls by thin metal wires with the diameter smaller than a preset value; the tip end of the first conductive rod is heated and then inserted into the conductive velvet mass, so that the first conductive rod and the conductive velvet mass are fused into a whole; after the tip of the first conductive rod is cooled, cutting the conductive velvet cluster along the cross section perpendicular to the first conductive rod outside the tip, and cutting off the conductive velvet outside the cross section to obtain a prepared conductive rod with a large number of tips; the conductive velvet balls are made of the same material as the first conductive rod, and are conductive materials which are low in resistivity, resistant to high temperature, easy to bend and not easy to oxidize;
the second conductive rod is made of a conductive material with low resistivity and soft texture; one end of the second conductive rod is a plane;
at the initial moment, pressing a large number of tips of the prepared conducting rods and the plane end of the second conducting rod tightly, so that the prepared conducting rods are connected with the second conducting rod in series, and introducing direct current into the two conducting rods in series;
subsequently, at least one of the preparation collector bar or the second collector bar is translated such that there is a gap between the two collector bars to produce a dc low current arc within the gap.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the resistivity of the first conductive rod, the mass of conductive velvet and the second conductive rod is less than a threshold value.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, further comprising: a guide rail;
the guide rail is used for controlling the preparation conducting rod or the second conducting rod to move horizontally.
4. The device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first conductive rod and the conductive velvet ball are made of copper.
5. The device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the second conductive rod is made of graphite.
6. A direct current low current arc generating method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining a first conductive rod, a second conductive rod and a conductive velvet cluster; the conductive velvet cluster is made of the same material as the first conductive rod, and is a conductive material which is low in resistivity, high-temperature resistant, easy to bend and difficult to oxidize; one end of the first conductive rod is in a tip shape, and the conductive velvet balls are wound into balls by thin metal wires with the diameter smaller than a preset value; the second conductive rod is made of a conductive material with low resistivity and soft texture; one end of the second conductive rod is a plane;
heating the tip of the first conductive rod, and then inserting the tip into the conductive velvet mass to enable the first conductive rod and the conductive velvet mass to be fused into a whole;
after the tip of the first conductive rod is cooled, cutting the conductive velvet cluster along the section perpendicular to the first conductive rod outside the tip, and cutting off the conductive velvet outside the section to obtain a prepared conductive rod with a large number of tips;
at the initial moment, a large number of tips of the prepared conducting rods are pressed against the plane end of the second conducting rod, so that the prepared conducting rods are connected with the second conducting rod in series, and direct current is introduced into the two conducting rods connected in series;
subsequently, at least one of the preparation collector bar or the second collector bar is translated such that there is a gap between the two collector bars to produce a dc low current arc within the gap.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the resistivity of the first conductive rod, the mass of conductive velvet and the second conductive rod is less than a threshold value.
8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the first conductive rod and the conductive velvet mass are made of copper.
9. The method as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein the second conductive rod is made of graphite.
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| CN202210507409.7A CN114609420A (en) | 2022-05-11 | 2022-05-11 | Direct-current low-current arc generation device and method |
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| CN202210507409.7A CN114609420A (en) | 2022-05-11 | 2022-05-11 | Direct-current low-current arc generation device and method |
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| CN114609420A true CN114609420A (en) | 2022-06-10 |
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Application publication date: 20220610 |