CN114606441A - Free-cutting stainless steel wire rod capable of being drawn into hexagonal bright rod at one time and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Free-cutting stainless steel wire rod capable of being drawn into hexagonal bright rod at one time and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
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- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of stainless steel preparation, and relates to an easy-cutting stainless steel wire rod capable of being drawn into a hexagonal bright rod at one time and a preparation method thereof. The free-cutting stainless steel wire rod comprises, by weight, not more than 0.03% of C, not more than 1.0% of Si, 1.5-3.0% of Mn, not more than 0.045% of P, 0.22-0.29% of S, 8.5-9.5% of Ni, 17.0-18.0% of Cr, not more than 0.03% of N, 2.5-3.5% of Cu, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. The preparation method comprises the following steps: the free-cutting stainless steel wire rod with good surface quality, excellent plasticity, high dimensional precision, excellent corrosion resistance and cutting processing performance is obtained by smelting, continuous casting, billet coping, billet preheating, rolling, solid solution and post-treatment. The invention realizes the purpose of drawing the wire rod into the hexagonal bright rod at one time by improving the comprehensive performance of the stainless steel, replaces the original 303Cu process of drawing, annealing and drawing, saves the processing cost and improves the processing efficiency, and meanwhile, the stainless steel wire rod manufactured by the invention has high yield which is more than or equal to 95 percent and can realize batch processing production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of stainless steel preparation, relates to free-cutting stainless steel, and particularly relates to a free-cutting stainless steel wire rod capable of being drawn into a hexagonal bright rod at one time and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The free-cutting stainless steel is obtained by adding a proper amount of chemical elements capable of improving machinability into stainless steel so as to obtain good machinability. The free-cutting stainless steel can be divided into four major types of sulfur system, selenium (tellurium) system, lead system and composite system according to the added free-cutting elements, the commonly used free-cutting stainless steel is mainly the sulfur system, the sulfur system is the independent addition of the free-cutting elements, the represented steel type is 303Cu, the steel type is often used for processing parts of various electronic equipment and mechanical equipment such as mobile phone lenses, watch straps, ornament pieces, computer fasteners and the like due to good corrosion resistance and turning property, and the steel type is popular due to high processing precision and high smoothness, and has wide market application.
The steel grade 303Cu wire rod needs to be processed into round bright stick or hexagonal bright stick through drawing before lathe work, and this is the part appearance decision that processes as required, when processing into hexagonal bright stick, because the processing deflection is great, often can not draw the shaping once, need just can accomplish through "drawing + annealing + drawing" three processes, makes the processing cost great like this to the processing procedure is long, machining efficiency is low. Therefore, the free-cutting stainless steel wire rod is developed, meets various performance requirements of 303Cu, can be drawn into a hexagonal bright rod at one time, and is an urgent product for various processing manufacturers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an easy-cutting stainless steel wire rod capable of being drawn into a hexagonal bright rod at one time, which has excellent surface quality, excellent plasticity, high dimensional accuracy, better corrosion resistance and cutting processability, can be drawn into the hexagonal bright rod at one time, and can avoid the process that the conventional 303Cu can be made into the hexagonal bright rod through three processes of drawing, annealing and drawing, thereby replacing the conventional 303Cu and being applied to various fields.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the free-cutting stainless steel wire rod capable of being drawn into the hexagonal bright rod at one time, wherein the preparation yield is more than or equal to 95%.
In order to realize the two purposes, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the free-cutting stainless steel wire rod capable of being drawn into the hexagonal bright rod at one time comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C, less than or equal to 1.0 percent of Si, 1.5 to 3.0 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.045 percent of P, 0.22 to 0.29 percent of S, 8.5 to 9.5 percent of Ni, 17.0 to 18.0 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of N, 2.5 to 3.5 percent of Cu, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the stainless steel wire rod comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.028% of C, less than or equal to 0.2-0.6% of Si, 1.8-2.5% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.045% of P, 0.24-0.28% of S, 8.5-9.2% of Ni, 17.2-17.8% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.028% of N, 2.6-3.2% of Cu, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
The free-cutting stainless steel wire rod has excellent surface quality, excellent plasticity and high dimensional precision, the elongation A is more than or equal to 53 percent, the shrinkage Z is more than or equal to 64 percent, the ovality is less than or equal to 0.15mm, and the production yield is more than or equal to 95 percent.
A preparation method of a free-cutting stainless steel wire rod capable of being drawn into a hexagonal bright rod at one time comprises the following steps: smelting → continuous casting → billet coping → billet preheating → rolling → solid solution → obtaining the free-cutting stainless steel wire rod;
in the billet preheating step, the temperature is increased to 900 +/-20 ℃ at the speed of 12-15 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 40-45 min, the temperature is increased to 1280 +/-10 ℃ at the speed of 13-16 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 30-50 min;
in the rolling step, the rolling speed is 20-70 m/s, the initial rolling temperature is 1250-1280 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 1030-1100 ℃, and the spinning temperature is 1000-1050 ℃;
in the solid solution step, the solid solution furnace is put into the furnace when the temperature is 850 +/-5 ℃, the temperature is kept for 40-50 min at 850 +/-5 ℃, then the solid solution furnace is heated to 1050 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 14-16 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 30-40 min, and then the solid solution furnace is cooled to below 100 ℃ by water.
Preferably, in the continuous casting step, the casting is performed when the temperature of the molten steel is 1470-1500 ℃.
Preferably, the billet is cast to have the dimensions of 180mm × 180mm × 6000 mm.
Preferably, in the billet grinding step, the billet is ground by a grinding machine with no less than 30 meshes, and the depth of the surface grinding trace after grinding is not more than 0.2 mm.
Preferably, the rolling process is equipped with a reducing sizing mill (TMB) to precisely control the wire rod dimensions.
Preferably, after the solid solution treatment, the wire rod is further subjected to post-treatment to form a finished product; more preferably, the post-processing includes, but is not limited to, conventional processing steps of pickling, rinsing, passivating, bleaching, rinsing, neutralizing, and topping to remove rejects.
Preferably, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: the free-cutting stainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C, less than or equal to 1.0 percent of Si, 1.5 to 3.0 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.045 percent of P, 0.22 to 0.29 percent of S, 8.5 to 9.5 percent of Ni, 17.0 to 18.0 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of N, 2.5 to 3.5 percent of Cu, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities; smelting the components into molten steel;
2) continuous casting: when the temperature of the molten steel is 1470-1500 ℃, starting casting to obtain a steel billet;
3) steel billet coping: grinding the steel billet by a 30-mesh or finer grinding machine to remove all oxide skins on the surface of the steel billet, wherein the depth of the grinding trace on the surface after grinding is not more than 0.2 mm;
4) preheating a steel billet: heating the billet steel along with a furnace, raising the temperature to 900 +/-20 ℃ at the speed of 12-15 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 40-45 min, raising the temperature to 1280 +/-10 ℃ at the speed of 13-16 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 30-50 min, and then discharging and rolling;
5) rolling: a high-speed wire rod rolling mill is adopted, a reducing sizing mill (TMB) is equipped to accurately control the size of a wire rod, the stainless steel wire rod with the diameter phi of 5.5 mm-15 mm is rolled, the rolling speed is controlled to be 20-70 m/s, the initial rolling temperature is 1250-1280 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 1030-1100 ℃, the spinning temperature is 1000-1050 ℃, a stelmor air cooling line is passed through after spinning, the cooling speed is controlled to be 6-9 ℃/s, the coil collecting temperature is less than or equal to 300 ℃, and the stainless steel wire rod is naturally cooled to the room temperature after being coiled;
6) solid solution: and (3) feeding the solid melting furnace at 850 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 40-50 min at 850 +/-5 ℃, then heating to 1050 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 14-16 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-40 min, and then cooling to below 100 ℃ by water.
Preferably, 7) pickling the wire rod subjected to solid solution, washing, passivating, bleaching, washing, neutralizing, loading on a rack, cutting off defective products at the head and the tail, and warehousing after the defective products are inspected to be qualified.
The function of the chemical components of the stainless steel wire rod of the present invention in the material is explained below.
Carbon (C): carbon is an austenite forming element, the strength of the stainless steel can be obviously improved by increasing the content, but the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is reduced, the cold working difficulty is increased, the plasticity is reduced by excessively increasing the content of the carbon, and the content of the carbon is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.03 percent.
Silicon (Si): silicon is a strong deoxidizer, reduces the oxygen content in steel, and improves inclusions in steel. However, the higher silicon content also reduces the cold workability of the stainless steel, and influences the plasticity and the chloride ion corrosion resistance of the stainless steel. Therefore, the silicon content of the invention is controlled to be less than or equal to 1.00 percent.
Manganese (Mn): manganese is an austenite forming element, the strength of steel can be increased in stainless steel, meanwhile Mn and sulfur in the steel generate MnS, MnS is an important easy-cutting phase and can help to improve the cutting performance, the plasticity of MnS is good, the hot working performance of sulfur-containing steel can be improved, and the processing cracking is prevented, and the Mn is 1.5-3.0%.
Phosphorus (P): phosphorus is a harmful element in steel, so that the brittleness of the steel can be increased, meanwhile, P can also improve the machinability of the steel, and the content of phosphorus is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.045%.
Sulfur (S): the sulfur is a harmful element for common stainless steel, but the sulfur is a main free-cutting element for the free-cutting steel, the sulfur and manganese in the steel form manganese sulfide, the manganese sulfide can form a stress notch during turning, the cutting resistance of the stainless steel is reduced, and the effect of lubricating a cutter is achieved.
Nickel (Ni): the nickel is a strong austenite forming element, so that the stainless steel keeps a stable austenite state, the strength and the plasticity of the material are improved, and meanwhile, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel can be obviously improved by the matching of the nickel and the Cr, so that the content of the nickel is controlled to be 8.5-9.5%.
Chromium (Cr): chromium is a main element of stainless steel which is rustless, when the chromium content in the steel exceeds 10.5, a layer of passive film is formed on the surface of the stainless steel to prevent further oxidation reaction, so that the stainless steel has obvious corrosion resistance, and the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is higher with the increase of the chromium content in the stainless steel, and the chromium content is controlled to be 17.0-19.0%.
Copper (Cu): copper is also an austenite forming element, the corrosion resistance of steel can be effectively improved by the copper in stainless steel, the copper element is soft, the ductility of the stainless steel can be greatly improved by adding the copper element into the stainless steel, the cracking of the material can be prevented during the cold processing of large deformation, the copper element is also a main factor of the invention which can be drawn into the hexagonal rod at one time, and the copper content is controlled to be 2.5-3.5%.
Nitrogen (N): the nitrogen can obviously improve the hardness and the strength of the material in the stainless steel, and simultaneously, the hardening rate in cold processing can be increased, and the tendency of age cracking is increased, so the nitrogen content of the invention is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.03 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention ensures that the produced free-cutting stainless steel wire rod has excellent surface quality, better plasticity, stable mechanical property and high dimensional precision by reasonable chemical component proportion and optimization of rolling and solid solution processes, can realize that the wire rod is drawn into the hexagonal bright rod at one time, the surface of the drawn hexagonal bright rod is smooth and has no defects, replaces the traditional process that 303Cu needs to be drawn into the hexagonal bright rod through drawing, annealing and drawing, saves the one-time drawing and one-time annealing process, thereby improving the downstream processing efficiency and greatly saving the processing cost.
(2) The reasonable design of the chemical components and the reasonable optimization of the production process ensure that the production yield of the wire rod is more than or equal to 95 percent.
(3) The free-cutting stainless steel wire rod has good corrosion resistance by reducing the content of C and slightly increasing the content of Ni and Cu, and can be kept from rusting for 48 hours in a neutral salt spray test.
(4) The free-cutting stainless steel wire rod has high sulfur content and uniform sulfide distribution through optimization of components and a production process, so that the free-cutting stainless steel wire rod has good cutting processability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a billet preheating process for a free-cutting stainless steel wire rod according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a solution heating process for a free-cutting stainless steel wire rod according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sulfide morphology under metallographic microscope observation of the free-cutting stainless steel wire rod of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a macroscopic surface photograph of the free-cutting stainless steel wire rod of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a macroscopic surface picture of a hexagonal bright rod drawn by one-time drawing of the free-cutting stainless steel wire rod of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further specifically described below by way of specific examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These examples are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
The following process flows are adopted in the embodiments 1-3:
1) smelting:
primary smelting of an electric arc furnace: adopting a 40t electric arc furnace to carry out molten steel primary smelting, firstly adding 800-1200 Kg of lime pad at the furnace bottom, then adding 304 waste stainless steel return materials for three times, wherein the first time is 12-18 tons, the second time is 10-12 tons, 6-8 tons, electrifying and melting are started after the first time is added, adding the next basket of materials after the first time is melted to exceed 1/2 waste materials, and blowing oxygen for 900-1400 m in the melting process3And/h, fluxing, adding 300-500 Kg of ferrosilicon after melting, reducing, stirring by blowing argon from bottom, pulling 3/4 furnace slag after reducing, adjusting the temperature to 1620-1670 ℃, and tapping.
Refining in an AOD furnace: is divided into a steel melting period, an oxidation period, a reduction period and a refining period. And (3) steel melting period: adding 1800Kg of 1200-plus lime into an AOD furnace, adding alloy cold materials, and finally adding crude molten steel smelted in an electric arc furnace, starting oxygen blowing and heating at the moment, controlling the temperature to be 1500-1600 ℃, melting the cold materials, and pulling out 90% of furnace slag after the steel melting is finished; and (3) decarburization period: rapidly blowing oxygen, heating to 1700-1750 ℃, and blowing oxygen for decarburization until the C is less than 0.010%; and (3) reduction period: calculating the amount of silicon and iron to be added for reduction according to the content requirements of the molten steel and finished products Si, deoxidizing the molten steel, and controlling the basicity R of the slag at the time to be 1.7-2.0, the reduction temperature to be 1580-1630 ℃, and the reduction time to be 6-12 min; and (3) refining period: after reduction is finished, 90% of furnace slag is removed, 400-800 Kg of lime and 200-500 Kg of fluorite are added for refining, the refining temperature is 1560-1640 ℃, the refining time is 6-8 min, SFe alloy is added into steel after refining is finished, the adding amount of ferro-sulphur is calculated according to the molten steel amount, the target sulphur content and 70% yield, the temperature is adjusted to 1620-1640 ℃ for tapping, and argon is blown for stirring in the whole process of AOD smelting.
LF refining: heating and sampling the AOD molten steel after arriving at the station, and supplementing ferrochrome, ferronickel, pure iron, ferrosilicon, pure manganese and ferro-sulphur alloy for fine adjustment according to the target value of the components; adjusting the temperature of molten steel to 1600-1630 ℃, soft-blowing argon for 8-20 minutes after adding the alloy, adjusting the temperature to 1550-1580 ℃ on the basis of not exposing the molten steel by soft-blowing stirring, and continuously casting on a ladle.
2) Continuous casting: adopting a three-machine three-flow arc continuous casting machine, controlling the temperature of a continuous casting tundish at 1470-1500 ℃, controlling the initial casting speed at 0.5m/min, controlling the stable casting speed at 0.8-1.3 m/min, and controlling the section size of a continuous casting billet: 180mm and 6000mm in length.
3) Steel billet coping: fully grinding the continuous casting blank by adopting a 30-mesh or finer grinding machine to remove surface oxide skin, wherein the depth of grinding traces on the surface after grinding is not more than 0.2mm, and the R angle of the corner of the continuous casting blank after grinding is controlled to be 25-40 mm.
4) Preheating a steel billet: and (3) raising the blank to 900 +/-20 ℃ at the speed of 12-15 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 40-45 min, raising the blank to 1280 +/-10 ℃ at the speed of 13-16 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 30-50 min, and then discharging and rolling.
5) Rolling: rolling a Daneli high-speed wire rod, accurately controlling the size of a wire rod by a reducing sizing mill (TMB), rolling a stainless steel wire rod with the diameter phi of 5.5-15 mm, controlling the rolling speed to be 20-70 m/s, the rolling temperature to be 1250-1280 ℃, the finishing temperature to be 1030-1100 ℃, the spinning temperature to be 1000-1050 ℃, passing through a stelmor air cooling line after spinning, controlling the cooling speed to be 6-9 ℃/s, the coiling temperature to be less than or equal to 300 ℃, and naturally cooling to the room temperature after coiling.
6) Solid solution: and (3) feeding the solid melting furnace at 850 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 40-50 min at 850 +/-5 ℃, heating to 1050 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 14-16 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-40 min, and directly cooling the solid melting furnace with water to below 100 ℃ after discharging.
7) Pickling the wire rod after solid solution (15-20% by mass of sulfuric acid solution and the balance of water, the temperature is 20-60 ℃, the soaking time is 30-50 min), washing (5-8 min of normal-temperature clean water high-pressure washing), passivating (2-8% by mass of nitric acid solution, the temperature is 20-30 ℃, the soaking time is 2-8 min), bleaching (10-20% by volume of hydrogen peroxide and the balance of water, the soaking time is 3-5 min), washing (normal-temperature clean water high-pressure washing)5-8 min), neutralization (Na with pH value of 9-14)2CO3Soaking in the solution for 30-40 min at 60-80 ℃), shearing off defective products at the head and the tail by a feeding frame, and warehousing after the defective products are inspected to be qualified.
TABLE 1 concrete components and their mass fractions of examples 1 to 3
Note: the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
TABLE 2 specific Process parameters for examples 1-3
TABLE 2
Table 3 comparison of properties of stainless steel wire rods of examples 1-3 and comparative example 303Cu
The composition ratios of examples 1 to 3 are shown in table 1, specific relevant process parameters are shown in table 2, and table 3 is a comparison of performance test results of the Cu wire rods (specification Φ 10.0mm, Qingshan steel production) of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 303. As can be seen from Table 3, the elongation and shrinkage of examples 1-3 are significantly higher than those of comparative example 303Cu, which shows that the wire rod of the examples has higher plasticity and can be subjected to larger cold working deformation; the ovality of the embodiments 1 to 3 is within 0.15mm and is obviously less than 303Cu ovality, which shows that the section of the wire rod tends to be more circular and is beneficial to processing deformation; the rust-free time of the salt spray tests of the examples 1 to 3 can reach more than 48 hours, which is obviously higher than that of the common 303 Cu; the production yield of the embodiment is high and can reach more than 95%.
FIG. 3 is a photograph showing sulfides in the stainless steel wire rod of example 2, which are uniformly distributed in the metallographic microscope, and are excellent in the machinability. FIG. 4 is a macroscopic picture of the surface of the stainless steel wire rod of example 1, which is fine and smooth without defects, and is a guarantee for the surface of the drawn hexagonal rod to be smooth without defects. FIG. 5 is a macroscopic view of the stainless steel wire rod of example 1 once drawn through a hexagonal grinder having a hole pattern of H8.0mm (opposite side distance of 8.0mm) into a hexagonal bright rod having a size of H8.0mm, the surface of the hexagonal bright rod being smooth and free of defects.
In conclusion, the free-cutting stainless steel wire rod manufactured by the method has excellent surface quality, excellent plasticity, stable mechanical property and higher dimensional precision, can be drawn into a hexagonal bright rod at one time, has a smooth and flawless surface, replaces the original process that 303Cu is required to be drawn into the hexagonal bright rod through drawing, annealing and drawing, saves the drawing and annealing processes at one time, greatly saves the processing cost and improves the processing efficiency. Meanwhile, the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantage that the yield of the product can reach more than 95% through process optimization.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which is not intended to be limiting in any way, and other variations and modifications are possible without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The free-cutting stainless steel wire rod capable of being drawn into the hexagonal bright rod at one time is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C, less than or equal to 1.0 percent of Si, 1.5 to 3.0 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.045 percent of P, 0.22 to 0.29 percent of S, 8.5 to 9.5 percent of Ni, 17.0 to 18.0 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of N, 2.5 to 3.5 percent of Cu, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
2. The free-cutting stainless steel wire rod capable of being drawn into the hexagonal bright rod at one time according to claim 1, wherein the stainless steel wire rod comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: less than or equal to 0.028% of C, less than or equal to 0.2-0.6% of Si, 1.8-2.5% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.045% of P, 0.24-0.28% of S, 8.5-9.2% of Ni, 17.2-17.8% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.028% of N, 2.6-3.2% of Cu, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
3. A method for preparing a free-cutting stainless steel wire rod capable of being drawn into a hexagonal bright rod at one time according to claim 1 or 2, comprising: smelting → continuous casting → billet coping → billet preheating → rolling → solid solution → obtaining the free-cutting stainless steel wire rod;
in the billet preheating step, the temperature is increased to 900 +/-20 ℃ at the speed of 12-15 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 40-45 min, the temperature is increased to 1280 +/-10 ℃ at the speed of 13-16 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 30-50 min;
in the rolling step, the rolling speed is 20-70 m/s, the initial rolling temperature is 1250-1280 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 1030-1100 ℃, and the spinning temperature is 1000-1050 ℃;
in the solid solution step, the solid melting furnace is put into the furnace when the temperature is 850 +/-5 ℃, the temperature is kept for 40-50 min at 850 +/-5 ℃, then the solid melting furnace is heated to 1050 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 14-16 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 30-40 min, and then the solid melting furnace is cooled to be not higher than 100 ℃ by water.
4. The method for preparing the free-cutting stainless steel wire rod capable of being drawn into the hexagonal bright rod at one time according to claim 3, wherein in the continuous casting step, the casting is performed when the temperature of molten steel is 1470-1500 ℃.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the billet is cast to have dimensions of 180mm x 6000 mm.
6. The method for preparing a free-cutting stainless steel wire rod capable of being drawn into a hexagonal bright rod at one time according to claim 3, wherein in the billet grinding step, the billet is ground by a grinder with no less than 30 meshes, and the depth of the surface grinding trace does not exceed 0.2 mm.
7. The method for preparing the free-cutting stainless steel wire rod capable of being drawn into the hexagonal bright rod at one time according to claim 3, wherein after the solution treatment, the wire rod is further subjected to post treatment to form a finished product.
8. The method for preparing a free-cutting stainless steel wire rod capable of being drawn into a hexagonal bright rod at one time according to claim 7, wherein the post-treatment comprises the treatment steps of pickling, washing, passivating, bleaching, washing, neutralizing, and trimming head and tail defective products by a loading frame.
9. The preparation method of the free-cutting stainless steel wire rod capable of being drawn into the hexagonal bright rod at one time according to claim 3, wherein the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) smelting: smelting molten steel according to the following chemical components in percentage by weight: less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C, less than or equal to 1.0 percent of Si, 1.5 to 3.0 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.045 percent of P, 0.22 to 0.29 percent of S, 8.5 to 9.5 percent of Ni, 17.0 to 18.0 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of N, 2.5 to 3.5 percent of Cu, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities;
2) continuous casting: when the temperature of the molten steel is 1470-1500 ℃, casting to obtain a steel billet;
3) steel billet coping: grinding the steel blank by a grinding machine with no less than 30 meshes, wherein the depth of the surface grinding trace cannot exceed 0.2 mm;
4) preheating a steel billet: heating the billet steel along with a furnace, raising the temperature to 900 +/-20 ℃ at the speed of 12-15 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 40-45 min, raising the temperature to 1280 +/-10 ℃ at the speed of 13-16 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 30-50 min, and then discharging and rolling;
5) rolling: rolling a stainless steel wire rod by adopting a high-speed wire rod rolling mill, wherein the rolling speed is 20-70 m/s, the initial rolling temperature is 1250-1280 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 1030-1100 ℃, the spinning temperature is 1000-1050 ℃, the stainless steel wire rod passes through a stelmor air cooling line after spinning, the cooling speed is controlled to be 6-9 ℃/s, the coiling temperature is less than or equal to 300 ℃, and the stainless steel wire rod is naturally cooled to the room temperature after coiling;
6) solid solution: and (3) feeding the solid melting furnace at 850 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 40-50 min at 850 +/-5 ℃, heating to 1050 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 14-16 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-40 min, and then cooling to no higher than 100 ℃ by water.
10. The method for preparing a free-cutting stainless steel wire rod capable of being drawn into a hexagonal bright rod at one time according to claim 9, further comprising 7) the steps of pickling, washing, passivating, bleaching, washing, neutralizing, and trimming head and tail defective products on a feeding rack after the wire rod is subjected to solid solution.
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