CN114602452A - Self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].[Ce] RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bisulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Natural products CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940035429 isobutyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 34
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 16
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 11
- IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethynyl-2,4-dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C#C)C(OC)=C1 IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QQZMWMKOWKGPQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QQZMWMKOWKGPQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GJKFIJKSBFYMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GJKFIJKSBFYMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;oxozirconium Chemical compound [Zr]=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloridooxygen Chemical compound ClOCl RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MLHCSEGGTGAQHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-G [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Zr+4].[Ce+3] Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Zr+4].[Ce+3] MLHCSEGGTGAQHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-G 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZJJZMXEQNFTLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro hypochlorite;zirconium;octahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Zr].ClOCl VZJJZMXEQNFTLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- KPZSTOVTJYRDIO-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlorocerium;heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl KPZSTOVTJYRDIO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UNJPQTDTZAKTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(iii) hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ce+3] UNJPQTDTZAKTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000593 microemulsion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- VQVDTKCSDUNYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Nd+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VQVDTKCSDUNYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- QBAZWXKSCUESGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Y+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QBAZWXKSCUESGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXKDNDQLOWPOBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(4+);tetranitrate;pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O WXKDNDQLOWPOBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution, which comprises the following steps: (1) mixing the cerium-zirconium mixed solution and a precipitator to obtain a hydroxide suspension of cerium and zirconium; (2) mixing an aqueous solution of an etching agent and the hydroxide suspension of cerium and zirconium obtained in the step (1), stirring and standing to obtain a suspension; (3) and (3) sequentially centrifuging and roasting the suspension obtained in the step (2) to obtain the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution. The preparation method provided by the invention solves the problems that the nano cerium-zirconium solid solution is easy to sinter at high temperature, a large amount of surfactant is added in the synthesis process, the process is complicated and the like, and provides the cerium-zirconium solid solution which has an adjustable pore structure and can adapt to different application scenes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rare earth metallurgy, relates to a cerium-zirconium solid solution, and particularly relates to a self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Because of excellent mechanical strength, oxygen ion mobility and unique oxygen storage capacity, the cerium-zirconium solid solution is widely concerned and applied in various fields of energy and environmental catalysis, and especially plays a key role in the three-way catalytic reaction of automobile exhaust. The catalytic activity of ceria-zirconia solid solutions is affected by a number of physicochemical properties, including oxygen storage capacity, surface defects, grain size, particle morphology, adsorption characteristics, and the like. However, under high temperature conditions, the nano cerium zirconium particles are sintered, which results in large crystal grain size, reduced specific surface area, and reduced active sites, resulting in reduced catalytic activity. In order to meet increasingly stringent automobile exhaust emission standards and reduce the consumption of noble metals, the key point is to improve the thermal stability and the specific surface area of the prepared cerium-zirconium solid solution.
With the development of nanotechnology, there are many methods applied to prepare nano cerium zirconium solid solution, including coprecipitation method, hydrothermal method, sol-gel method, template method, microemulsion method, etc. The coprecipitation method can simultaneously precipitate two or more metal cations with similar solubility products, is simple and convenient to operate, has high solid solubility of the obtained product, and is widely used for preparing nano metal oxides, but the pore structure of the product obtained by the coprecipitation method is not easy to control, and a surfactant is usually required to be used in the preparation process. Although the surfactant promotes the formation of nanoparticles, it is difficult to remove from the system, not only affecting the catalyst activity, but also having a certain toxicity. The template method is divided into a soft template method and a hard template method, which are generally carried out in solution, the morphology and the pore structure of the catalyst can be regulated and controlled by changing the proportion of the template reagent with the assistance of the template reagent, and the obtained catalyst generally has a fine pore structure and a higher specific surface area, and can meet the application of various catalytic reactions. However, the soft template method also uses a large amount of surfactant, while the hard template method involves synthesis and removal of the template, which is a complicated operation.
CN 106430304a discloses a preparation method of a high specific surface area refractory cerium-zirconium solid solution, which comprises the following steps: (1) soluble cerium salt, soluble zirconium salt and soluble salt solution of doping elements are weighed according to the mass ratio of 10-80:3.5-50:0.8-15Preparing a solution in deionized water: (2) adding one of carbon black, activated carbon or graphene as a modifier into the solution of step 1: (3) adding hydrogen peroxide after the solution in the step 2 is fully and uniformly mixed; (4) dropwise adding the solution obtained in the step 3 to a solution containing NH3·H2O or NH4HCO3In one or two of the precipitating agents, the pH value of the solution is kept between 8 and 10, and then the solid-liquid mixture obtained after the aging reaction for 4 hours is aged: (5) and finally, carrying out suction filtration and washing on the solid-liquid mixture obtained in the step 4, drying a filter cake obtained by suction filtration and washing, and roasting at 500 ℃ for 2h and at 650 ℃ for 2h to obtain the required cerium-zirconium solid solution. According to the preparation method, one of carbon black, activated carbon or graphene is used for replacing a traditional organic polymer template agent and is used as a modifier in the process of preparing the cerium-zirconium solid solution through coprecipitation, the preparation method is simple and easy to implement, environment-friendly and easy to realize industrial production, the specific surface area of the obtained cerium-zirconium solid solution is large, and the thermal stability of the cerium-zirconium solid solution is still to be improved.
CN 106732521a discloses a preparation method of a high-performance cerium-zirconium solid solution material, which comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving a cerium salt precursor and a zirconium salt precursor in water according to a molar ratio of 4:1-1:4 to form a uniform solution, adding a surfactant, and stirring to fully dissolve the cerium salt precursor and the zirconium salt precursor; (2) adding an ammonia water solution into the solution at a certain feeding rate by adopting a two-fluid spray feeding mode, fully stirring, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to be 6-10: (3) carrying out hydrothermal aging treatment: then filtering, washing by deionized water, and drying the washed solid sample at 80-120 ℃: and finally, roasting at the temperature of 400-700 ℃ for 4-8h to obtain a fresh cerium-zirconium solid solution sample, or roasting at the temperature of 1000-1100 ℃ for 10-20h to obtain an aged cerium-zirconium solid solution sample. The patent adopts a method for preparing the cerium-zirconium solid solution in a two-fluid spray feeding mode, and the cerium-zirconium solid solution with uniform structure, uniform crystal phase, large specific surface area, good stability and excellent oxygen storage and release performance is obtained, but a large amount of surfactant is needed in the preparation method, and the preparation cost is increased.
CN 112206764a discloses a stable ceria-zirconia solid solution and its application, wherein the ceria-zirconia solid solution contains ceria ions and tetravalent ceria ions in a specific ratio, and the structure of the ceria-zirconia solid solution is stable, the thermal stability is good, the oxygen storage and release rate is high, and the oxygen storage and release amount is high. However, the method uses two hydrothermal reactions during preparation, and needs inert atmosphere protection, and the flow is complex.
Therefore, the method for preparing the cerium-zirconium solid solution is developed without a template method, a surfactant is not required to be added, the operation is simple and feasible, the required high-temperature thermal stability and catalytic activity are simultaneously met, and the method has important significance for low-cost and large-scale synthesis and application of the cerium-zirconium solid solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution and a preparation method thereof, the preparation method solves the problems that the nano cerium-zirconium solid solution is easy to sinter at high temperature, a large amount of surfactant is added in the synthesis process, the process is complicated and the like, and the cerium-zirconium solid solution with an adjustable pore structure and adaptability to different application scenes is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a preparation method of a self-templated porous cerium-zirconium solid solution, comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing the cerium-zirconium mixed solution and a precipitator to obtain a hydroxide suspension of cerium and zirconium;
(2) mixing an aqueous solution of an etching agent and the hydroxide suspension of cerium and zirconium obtained in the step (1), stirring and standing to obtain a suspension;
(3) and (3) sequentially centrifuging, washing, drying and roasting the suspension obtained in the step (2) to obtain the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution.
In the preparation method provided by the invention, the cerium zirconium hydroxide precipitate is used as a self template, and a product can be prepared by a one-step method without using an additional template, so that the preparation method is beneficial to industrial production; the pore channel structure of the prepared cerium-zirconium solid solution is regulated and controlled by the etching agent, so that the operation is simple and convenient; meanwhile, the preparation method provided by the invention can be used for preparing the cerium-zirconium solid solution with high specific surface area and better thermal stability without using a surfactant, and has reference significance for industrial preparation of the cerium-zirconium solid solution in the future.
Preferably, the cerium-zirconium mixed solution in step (1) includes a cerium source precursor and a zirconium source precursor.
Preferably, the cerium-zirconium mixed solution in step (1) further includes a doping element precursor.
The cerium-zirconium mixed solution can be a cerium and zirconium hydroxide suspension which is obtained by mixing a cerium source precursor and a zirconium source precursor and then dissolving the mixture in water, and can also be a cerium and zirconium hydroxide suspension which is obtained by mixing a cerium source precursor, a zirconium source precursor and a doping element precursor and then dissolving the mixture in water.
Illustratively, the dopant element precursor includes a rare earth element precursor that does not include cerium, and more preferably, the rare earth element includes any one of or a combination of at least two of a lanthanum source precursor, an yttrium source precursor, a praseodymium source precursor, or a neodymium source precursor, and typical range-limiting combinations include a combination of a lanthanum source precursor and an yttrium source precursor, a combination of an yttrium source precursor and a neodymium source precursor, a combination of a lanthanum source precursor and a praseodymium source precursor, or a combination of a lanthanum source precursor, an yttrium source precursor, and a neodymium source precursor.
The precursor of the present invention includes any one or a combination of at least two of nitrate, chloride, sulfate, oxychloride or organic complex, and typical but non-limiting combinations include a combination of nitrate, chloride and sulfate, a combination of chloride, sulfate and oxychloride, a combination of sulfate, oxychloride and organic complex, or a combination of nitrate, chloride, sulfate, oxychloride and organic complex.
Preferably, the concentration of the metal ions in the suspension of cerium, zirconium and cerium hydroxides in step (1) is 0.05-1mol/L, and may be, for example, 0.05mol/L, 0.1mol/L, 0.2mol/L, 0.3mol/L, 0.4 mol/L, 0.5mol/L, 0.6mol/L, 0.7mol/L, 0.8mol/L, 0.9mol/L or 1mol/L, but not limited to the enumerated values, and other values not enumerated within the range of values are also applicable.
Preferably, the precipitant in step (1) includes any one or a combination of at least two of ammonia water, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate, and may be, for example, a combination of ammonia water, ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate, a combination of potassium carbonate and potassium bicarbonate, or a combination of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.
Preferably, the concentration of the precipitant in step (1) is 1.5 to 5mol/L, and may be, for example, 1.5mol/L, 2mol/L, 2.5mol/L, 3mol/L, 3.5mol/L, 4mol/L, 4.5mol/L or 5mol/L, but is not limited to the enumerated values, and other unrecited values within the numerical range are also applicable.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the hydroxide ions in the precipitant in step (1) to the metal ions in the cerium-zirconium mixed solution is (4-8):1, and may be, for example, 4:1, 4.5:1, 5:1, 5.5:1, 6:1, 6.5:1, 7:1, 7.5:1 or 8:1, but is not limited to the enumerated values, and other unrecited values within the numerical range are also applicable.
The molar ratio of hydroxide ions in the precipitator to metal ions in the mixed solution of cerium and zirconium is used for regulating and controlling the pH value of the hydroxide suspension of cerium and zirconium obtained in the step (1), and the excessive ratio can cause the particle size of a part of precipitates to be too large, so that the particle size of products is not uniform, more residual ions can be introduced, and the precipitates are not easy to wash; too low will result in incomplete precipitation of metal ions in the solution and a cerium zirconium solid solution with low solid solubility.
Preferably, the mixing in step (1) comprises: and dropwise mixing the cerium-zirconium mixed solution and a precipitator under the stirring state.
The dropping and mixing of the invention can be dropping the cerium-zirconium mixed solution into the precipitant, or dropping the precipitant into the cerium-zirconium mixed solution.
Preferably, the dropping time is 10-30min, for example 10min, 15min, 20min, 25min or 30min, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the numerical range are also applicable.
Preferably, the etchant of step (2) comprises any one of ammonia, ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium oxalate, ammonium acetate, ammonium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, or a combination of at least two thereof, and typical but non-limiting combinations include a combination of ammonia, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium bisulfate, a combination of ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydrogen carbonate, a combination of ammonium oxalate, ammonium acetate, ammonium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, or a combination of ammonia, ammonium oxalate, ammonium acetate, and ammonium phosphate.
Preferably, the concentration of the etchant in the aqueous solution of the etchant in step (2) is 0.1-5mol/L, and may be, for example, 0.1mol/L, 1mol/L, 1.5mol/L, 2mol/L, 2.5mol/L, 3mol/L, 3.5mol/L, 4mol/L, 4.5mol/L or 5mol/L, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range of values are also applicable.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the etchant in the aqueous solution of the etchant in the step (2) to the metal ions in the cerium-zirconium mixed solution is (0.5-10):1, and may be, for example, 0.5:1, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1 or 10:1, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of values are also applicable.
The etching agent is used for regulating and controlling the pore channel structure of the prepared cerium-zirconium solid solution.
Preferably, the rotation speed of the stirring in step (2) is 500-1500r/min, such as 500r/min, 700r/min, 900r/min, 1100r/min, 1300r/min or 1500r/min, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the numerical range are also applicable.
Preferably, the stirring time in step (2) is 1-30min, such as 1min, 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min, 25min or 30min, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of values are also applicable.
Preferably, the standing time in step (2) is 0.25-24h, such as 0.25h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 10h, 12h, 14h, 16h, 18h, 20h, 22h or 24h, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are also applicable.
According to the invention, the pore structure of the prepared cerium-zirconium solid solution is regulated and controlled by regulating and controlling parameters such as the type, concentration and etching time of the etching agent, the operation is simple and convenient, and the cerium-zirconium solid solution with high specific surface area and better thermal stability can be prepared.
Preferably, the centrifugation in the step (3) further comprises washing and drying which are sequentially carried out.
Preferably, the washing solution used in the washing comprises any one or a combination of at least two of deionized water, absolute ethanol, acetone, or isobutanol, typical but non-limiting combinations include a combination of deionized water and absolute ethanol, a combination of deionized water, absolute ethanol, and acetone, a combination of deionized water and acetone, or a combination of deionized water, absolute ethanol, acetone, and isobutanol.
Preferably, the temperature of the drying is 60-120 ℃, for example, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 110 ℃ or 120 ℃, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of values are also applicable.
Preferably, the drying time is 4-15h, for example, 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h, 8h, 9h, 10h, 11h, 12h, 13h, 14h or 15h, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of values are also applicable.
Preferably, the temperature of the calcination in step (3) is 400-600 ℃, for example, 400 ℃, 450 ℃, 500 ℃, 550 ℃ or 600 ℃, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are also applicable.
Preferably, the temperature rise rate of the calcination in step (3) is 2-10 deg.C/min, such as 2 deg.C/min, 3 deg.C/min, 4 deg.C/min, 5 deg.C/min, 6 deg.C/min, 7 deg.C/min, 8 deg.C/min, 9 deg.C/min or 10 deg.C/min, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range of values are also applicable.
Preferably, the calcination time in step (3) is 3-5h, such as 3h, 3.2h, 3.4h, 3.6h, 3.8h, 4h, 4.2h, 4.4h, 4.6h, 4.8h or 5h, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are also applicable.
The roasting temperature provided by the invention is 400-600 ℃, the sintering of the cerium-zirconium solid solution can be caused when the roasting temperature is too high, the specific surface area is reduced, and the solid solubility of the cerium-zirconium solid solution is not high when the temperature is too low; too high a temperature rise rate in the roasting process can cause uneven conversion of the precursor to the solid solution, resulting in sintering during high-temperature roasting, and too low a temperature rise rate can prolong the temperature rise time, thereby causing overlong sintering time and collapse of the pore structure.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the preparation method of the self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution provided by the first aspect of the present invention includes the steps of:
(1) under the stirring state, dropwise adding a mixed cerium-zirconium mixed solution and a precipitator with the concentration of 1.5-5mol/L to obtain a hydroxide suspension of cerium and zirconium; the dripping time is 10-30 min; the concentration of metal ions in the cerium-zirconium mixed solution is 0.05-1 mol/L; the molar ratio of hydroxide ions in the precipitator to metal ions in the cerium-zirconium mixed solution is (4-8) to 1; the cerium-zirconium mixed solution comprises a cerium source precursor, a zirconium source precursor and a doped element precursor;
(2) mixing an aqueous solution of an etching agent with the concentration of 0.1-5mol/L and the suspension of the hydroxide of cerium and zirconium obtained in the step (1), stirring at the rotating speed of 500-1500r/min for 1-30min, and standing for 0.25-24h to obtain the suspension; the molar ratio of the etching agent in the aqueous solution of the etching agent to the metal ions in the cerium-zirconium mixed solution is (0.5-10) to 1;
(3) and (3) centrifuging the suspension obtained in the step (2), washing with washing water, drying at the temperature of 60-120 ℃ for 4-15h, heating to 400-600 ℃ at the heating rate of 2-10 ℃/min, and roasting for 3-5h to obtain the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution, which is obtained by the preparation method provided in the first aspect.
The porous cerium-zirconium solid solution of the self-template provided by the invention has an adjustable pore structure, and is convenient to adapt to different application scenes.
The recitation of numerical ranges herein includes not only the above-recited numerical values, but also any numerical values between non-recited numerical ranges, and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise numerical values encompassed within the range for brevity and clarity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the preparation method of the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution, the cerium-zirconium hydroxide precipitate is used as the self-template, an external template is not needed, and a product can be prepared by a one-step method, so that the preparation method is beneficial to industrial production;
(2) according to the invention, the cerium-zirconium hydroxide precipitate is etched by adopting the etchant solution, and the pore channel structure of the prepared cerium-zirconium solid solution is regulated and controlled by changing the addition sequence of the metal salt solution and the precipitant solution, the type of the etchant, the concentration of the etchant, the etching time and other parameters, so that the operation is simple and convenient;
(3) according to the preparation method of the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution, no surfactant is added, pores are formed only by taking the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution as an etching agent, and etched metal ions are easy to recycle for secondary use;
(4) the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution provided by the invention has higher specific surface area and better thermal stability, and has reference significance for the industrial preparation of the cerium-zirconium solid solution in the future.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of adsorption and desorption isotherms of a self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of adsorption and desorption isotherms of a self-templated porous cerium-zirconium solid solution provided in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of adsorption and desorption isotherms of a self-templated porous cerium-zirconium solid solution provided in example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an adsorption/desorption isotherm diagram of a self-templated porous cerium-zirconium solid solution provided in example 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an adsorption/desorption isotherm diagram of a self-templated porous cerium-zirconium solid solution provided in example 9 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of sorption/desorption isotherms of a porous cerium-zirconium solid solution from a template provided in example 12 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of sorption/desorption isotherms of a porous cerium-zirconium solid solution from a template provided in example 15 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of sorption-desorption isotherms of a self-templated porous cerium-zirconium solid solution provided in comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a pore size distribution diagram of a self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a pore size distribution diagram of a self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution provided in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a pore size distribution diagram of a self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution provided in example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a pore size distribution diagram of a self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution provided in example 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a pore size distribution diagram of a self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution provided in example 9 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a pore size distribution diagram of a self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution provided in example 12 of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a pore size distribution diagram of a self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution provided in example 15 of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a pore size distribution diagram of a self-templated porous cerium zirconium solid solution provided by comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution, and the preparation method of the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 5.33mmol of cerium nitrate hexahydrate (2.31g) and 3.54mmol of zirconyl nitrate (0.822g) in 30ml of deionized water, and dropwise adding 10ml of an ammonia water solution with the concentration of 3.3mol/L for 15min under stirring to obtain a hydroxide suspension of cerium and zirconium;
(2) dropwise adding 25ml of 0.17mol/L ammonium oxalate aqueous solution into the cerium and zirconium hydroxide suspension obtained in the step (1) at the rotating speed of 1000r/min for 3min, stirring for 15min, and standing for 1h to obtain the suspension;
(3) and (3) centrifuging the suspension obtained in the step (2), washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, drying at 80 ℃ for 8h, heating to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min, roasting for 4h, grinding to obtain the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution, wherein the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution is marked as CZ-1, the adsorption and desorption isotherm diagram of the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution is shown in figure 1, and the pore size distribution diagram of the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution is shown in figure 9.
Example 2
This example provides a self-templated porous ceria-zirconium solid solution, which was prepared by a method different from that of example 1 only in that: in this example, the etchant in step (2) was changed to 25ml of 0.26mol/L ammonium oxalate aqueous solution.
The self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution prepared in this example was designated as CZ-2.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution, and the preparation method of the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 4.89mmol of cerium nitrate hexahydrate (2.12g) and 4mmol of zirconyl nitrate (0.925g) in 40ml of deionized water, dropwise adding the cerium-zirconium mixed solution to 10ml of ammonia water solution with the concentration of 3.3mol/L under stirring, wherein the dropwise adding time is 15min, and obtaining a hydroxide suspension of cerium and zirconium;
(2) dropwise adding 15ml of 3mol/L ammonium carbonate aqueous solution into the cerium and zirconium hydroxide suspension obtained in the step (1) at the rotating speed of 1000r/min for 3min, stirring for 15min, and standing for 12h to obtain the suspension;
(3) and (3) centrifuging the suspension obtained in the step (2), washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, drying at 80 ℃ for 8h, heating to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min, roasting for 4h, grinding to obtain the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution, wherein the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution is marked as CZ-3, an adsorption and desorption isotherm diagram of the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution is shown in figure 2, and a pore size distribution diagram of the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution is shown in figure 10.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 4mmol of cerium nitrate hexahydrate (1.74g) and 8mmol of zirconyl nitrate (1.85g) in 40ml of deionized water, dropwise adding the cerium-zirconium mixed solution into 10ml of 5mol/L ammonia water solution under stirring, wherein the dropwise adding time is 15min, and obtaining a hydroxide suspension of cerium and zirconium;
(2) dropwise adding 10ml of 3mol/L ammonium carbonate aqueous solution into the cerium and zirconium hydroxide suspension obtained in the step (1) at the rotating speed of 800r/min for 3min, stirring for 15min, and standing for 12h to obtain the suspension;
(3) and (3) centrifuging the suspension obtained in the step (2), washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, drying at 80 ℃ for 8h, heating to 400 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min, roasting for 5h, and grinding to obtain the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution, which is marked as CZ-4.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution, and the preparation method of the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 4.89mmol of cerium nitrate hexahydrate (2.12g), 0.302mmol of lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate (0.131g), 0.302mmol of neodymium nitrate hexahydrate (0.132g) and 4mmol of zirconyl nitrate (0.925g) in 30ml of deionized water, and dropwise adding 10ml of an ammonia water solution with the concentration of 3.67mol/L under stirring for 15min to obtain a hydroxide suspension of cerium and zirconium;
(2) dropwise adding 15ml of 3mol/L ammonium carbonate aqueous solution into the cerium and zirconium hydroxide suspension obtained in the step (1) at the rotating speed of 1500r/min for 3min, stirring for 15min, and standing for 12h to obtain the suspension;
(3) and (3) centrifuging the suspension obtained in the step (2), washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, drying at 80 ℃ for 8h, heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min, roasting for 3h, and grinding to obtain the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution, which is marked as CZ-5.
Example 6
The present embodiment provides a self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution, and the preparation method of the self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution differs from that of embodiment 5 only in that, in the present embodiment, the ceria-zirconia mixed solution in step (1) is changed to: 4.89mmol of cerium nitrate hexahydrate (2.12g), 0.302mmol of lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate (0.131g), 0.302mmol of yttrium nitrate hexahydrate (0.116g) and 4mmol of zirconyl nitrate (0.925g) were dissolved in 30ml of deionized water.
The self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution prepared in the example is marked as CZ-6, the adsorption and desorption isotherm diagram of which is shown in FIG. 3, and the pore size distribution diagram of which is shown in FIG. 11.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 4.89mmol of cerium nitrate hexahydrate (2.12g) and 4mmol of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate (1.30g) in 30ml of deionized water, and dropwise adding 10ml of an ammonia water solution with the concentration of 3.37mol/L for 15min under stirring to obtain a hydroxide suspension of cerium and zirconium;
(2) dropwise adding 20ml of mixed aqueous solution of ammonia and ammonium bicarbonate with the concentration of 1.125mol/L into the cerium and zirconium hydroxide suspension obtained in the step (1) at the rotating speed of 1000r/min for 3min, stirring for 15min, and standing for 12h to obtain the suspension;
(3) and (3) centrifuging the suspension obtained in the step (2), washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, drying at 80 ℃ for 8h, heating to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min, roasting for 4h, grinding to obtain the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution, wherein the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution is marked as CZ-7, an adsorption and desorption isotherm diagram of the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution is shown in figure 4, and a pore size distribution diagram of the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution is shown in figure 12.
Example 8
This example provides a self-templated porous ceria-zirconium solid solution that differs from example 7 only in the following way: in this example, the etchant described in step (2) was changed to 15ml of a mixed aqueous solution of ammonium acetate and ammonium carbonate each having a concentration of 1.5 mol/L.
The self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution prepared in this example was designated as CZ-8.
Example 9
The embodiment provides a self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution, and the preparation method of the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 4.44mmol of cerium chloride heptahydrate (1.65g), 0.984mmol of lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate (0.427g) and 4.44mmol of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate (1.43g) in 30ml of deionized water, and dropwise adding 10ml of 3.37mol/L ammonia water solution under stirring for 15min to obtain a suspension of cerium and zirconium hydroxide;
(2) dropwise adding 15ml of mixed aqueous solution of ammonia and ammonium bisulfate with the concentration of 1.5mol/L into the suspension of the hydroxide of cerium and zirconium obtained in the step (1) at the rotating speed of 1000r/min for 3min, stirring for 15min, and standing for 12h to obtain the suspension;
(3) and (3) centrifuging the suspension obtained in the step (2), washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, drying at 80 ℃ for 8h, heating to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min, roasting for 4h, grinding to obtain the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution, which is marked as CZ-9, and has an adsorption and desorption isotherm diagram as shown in figure 5 and a pore size distribution diagram as shown in figure 13.
Example 10
This example provides a self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution, which is prepared by a method different from that of example 9 only in that: in this example, 0.984mmol of lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate (0.427g) in step (1) was changed to 0.493mmol of lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate (0.214 g); in this example, the etchant described in step (2) was changed to 15ml of 1.5mol/L aqueous ammonium bisulfate solution.
The self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution prepared in this example was designated as CZ-10.
Example 11
This example provides a self-templated porous ceria-zirconium solid solution that differs from example 7 only in the following way: in this example, the etchant in step (2) was changed to 30ml of a mixed aqueous solution of ammonia and ammonium phosphate, each having a concentration of 0.5 mol/L.
The self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution prepared in this example was designated as CZ-11.
Example 12
This example provides a self-templated porous ceria-zirconium solid solution that differs from example 7 only in the following way: in this example, the etchant described in step (2) was changed to 15ml of a mixed aqueous solution of diammonium hydrogen phosphate with a concentration of 2mol/L and ammonium hydrogen carbonate with a concentration of 1 mol/L.
The self-template porous ceria-zirconia solid solution prepared in this example is denoted as CZ-12, and its adsorption and desorption isotherm diagram is shown in fig. 6, and the pore size distribution diagram is shown in fig. 14.
Example 13
The embodiment provides a self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution, and the preparation method of the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 4.44mmol of cerium chloride heptahydrate (1.65g) and 4.44mmol of zirconium nitrate pentahydrate (1.91g) in 40ml of deionized water, and dropwise adding 10ml of ammonia water solution with the concentration of 3.37mol/L under stirring for 15min to obtain a hydroxide suspension of cerium and zirconium;
(2) dropwise adding 25ml of mixed aqueous solution of ammonium oxalate with the concentration of 0.17mol/L and ammonium carbonate with the concentration of 0.33mol/L into the suspension of the hydroxide of cerium and zirconium obtained in the step (1) at the rotating speed of 1000r/min for 3min, stirring for 15min, and standing for 12h to obtain the suspension;
(3) and (3) centrifuging the suspension obtained in the step (2), washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, drying at 80 ℃ for 8h, heating to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min, roasting for 4h, and grinding to obtain the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution, which is marked as CZ-13.
Example 14
This example provides a self-templated porous ceria-zirconium solid solution that differs from example 13 only in the following way: in this example, the etchant in step (2) was changed to 25ml of 0.26mol/L ammonium oxalate aqueous solution.
The self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution prepared in this example was designated as CZ-14.
Example 15
This example provides a self-templated porous ceria-zirconium solid solution that differs from example 13 only in the following way: in this example, the etchant described in step (2) was changed to 25ml of a mixed aqueous solution of ammonium oxalate with a concentration of 0.17mol/L and ammonia with a concentration of 0.1 mol/L.
The self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution prepared in the example is marked as CZ-15, the adsorption and desorption isotherm diagram of which is shown in FIG. 7, and the pore size distribution diagram of which is shown in FIG. 15.
Example 16
This example provides a self-templated porous ceria-zirconium solid solution that differs from example 13 only in the following way: in this example, the etchant described in step (2) was changed to 25ml of a mixed aqueous solution of ammonium oxalate with a concentration of 0.26mol/L and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate with a concentration of 0.10 mol/L.
The self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution prepared in this example was designated as CZ-16.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution that differs from example 1 only in the method of preparation: the comparative example omits the dropping of the etchant described in the step (2).
The self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution prepared by the comparative example is marked as CZ-17, the adsorption and desorption isotherm diagram is shown in figure 8, and the pore size distribution diagram is shown in figure 16.
And (3) analyzing the adsorption characteristics and the pore structure of the cerium-zirconium solid solution by using a physical adsorption instrument. Fig. 1 to 8 are sorption/desorption temperature profiles of the cerium-zirconium solid solutions prepared in examples 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 12, and 15 and comparative example 1, respectively. Fig. 9 to 16 are pore size distribution diagrams of the cerium-zirconium solid solutions prepared in examples 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 12, and 15 and comparative example 1, respectively.
As can be seen from fig. 1 to 16, it can be seen that by changing the mixing manner of the metal salt solution and the precipitant, the kind of the etchant, the etching time, and the concentration of the etchant, the adsorption characteristic and the pore size distribution of the obtained ceria-zirconia solid solution can be adjusted and controlled to meet the requirements of different occasions.
The cerium-zirconium solid solutions prepared in examples 1 to 16 and comparative example 1 were aged at high temperature under conditions of being placed in a muffle furnace and being baked in air at 1000 ℃ for 5 hours with a temperature rise rate of 10 ℃/min. The specific surface area data of CZ-1CZ-17 before and after aging and the adsorption mode pore size of fresh samples are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the cerium-zirconium solid solutions obtained in examples 1 to 16, except CZ-10, were significantly improved in specific surface area after etching with the etchant, as compared to comparative example 1. Besides CZ-9, the specific surface area of CZ-1-16 after aging is obviously improved compared with that of comparative example 1, and good thermal stability is shown. The most probable pore diameter of the obtained cerium-zirconium solid solution can be adjusted by changing the etching conditions so as to meet the application requirements of different occasions. Placing CZ-5 and CZ-6 into muffle furnace, calcining at 1100 deg.C for 10h in air, heating at 10 deg.C/min, aging to 22.74m2G and 23.55m2The specific surface area per gram shows that the cerium-zirconium mixed oxide has excellent thermal stability and has guiding significance for industrial production of cerium-zirconium solid solution.
In conclusion, the preparation method provided by the invention solves the problems that the nano cerium-zirconium solid solution is easy to sinter at high temperature, a large amount of surfactant is added in the synthesis process, the process is complicated and the like, and provides the cerium-zirconium solid solution which has an adjustable pore structure and can adapt to different application scenes.
The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing the cerium-zirconium mixed solution and a precipitator to obtain a hydroxide suspension of cerium and zirconium;
(2) mixing an aqueous solution of an etching agent and the hydroxide suspension of cerium and zirconium obtained in the step (1), stirring and standing to obtain a suspension;
(3) and (3) sequentially centrifuging and roasting the suspension obtained in the step (2) to obtain the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cerium-zirconium mixed solution of step (1) includes a cerium source precursor and a zirconium source precursor;
preferably, the cerium-zirconium mixed solution in step (1) further includes a doping element precursor;
preferably, the concentration of the metal ions in the cerium-zirconium mixed solution in the step (1) is 0.05-1 mol/L.
3. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the precipitant in step (1) comprises any one or a combination of at least two of ammonia water, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate;
preferably, the concentration of the precipitant in the step (1) is 1.5-5 mol/L;
preferably, the molar ratio of the hydroxide ions in the precipitant in the step (1) to the metal ions in the cerium-zirconium mixed solution is (4-8): 1.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mixing in step (1) comprises: under the stirring state, dropwise adding and mixing the cerium-zirconium mixed solution and a precipitator;
preferably, the dropping time is 10-30 min.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the etchant in step (2) comprises any one of or a combination of at least two of ammonia water, ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium oxalate, ammonium acetate, ammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate;
preferably, the concentration of the etchant in the aqueous solution of the etchant in the step (2) is 0.1-5 mol/L;
preferably, the molar ratio of the etching agent in the aqueous solution of the etching agent in the step (2) to the metal ions in the cerium-zirconium mixed solution is (0.5-10): 1.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the rotation speed of the stirring in step (2) is 500-;
preferably, the stirring time of the step (2) is 1-30 min;
preferably, the standing time in the step (2) is 0.25-24 h.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the centrifugation in step (3) is followed by washing and drying in sequence;
preferably, the washing solution used in the washing comprises any one of deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol, acetone or isobutyl alcohol or a combination of at least two of the same;
preferably, the drying temperature is 60-120 ℃;
preferably, the drying time is 4-15 h.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the temperature for the calcination in step (3) is 400-600 ℃;
preferably, the temperature rise rate of the roasting in the step (3) is 2-10 ℃/min;
preferably, the roasting time of the step (3) is 3-5 h.
9. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) under the stirring state, dropwise adding mixed cerium-zirconium mixed solution and a precipitator with the concentration of 1.5-5mol/L to obtain hydroxide suspension of cerium and zirconium; the dripping time is 10-30 min; the concentration of metal ions in the cerium-zirconium mixed solution is 0.05-1 mol/L; the molar ratio of hydroxide ions in the precipitator to metal ions in the cerium-zirconium mixed solution is (4-8) to 1; the cerium-zirconium mixed solution comprises a cerium source precursor, a zirconium source precursor and a doped element precursor;
(2) mixing an aqueous solution of an etching agent with the concentration of 0.1-5mol/L and the suspension of the hydroxide of cerium and zirconium obtained in the step (1), stirring at the rotating speed of 500-1500r/min for 1-30min, and standing for 0.25-24h to obtain the suspension; the molar ratio of the etching agent in the aqueous solution of the etching agent to the metal ions in the cerium-zirconium mixed solution is (0.5-10) to 1;
(3) and (3) centrifuging the suspension obtained in the step (2), washing with washing water, drying at the temperature of 60-120 ℃ for 4-15h, heating to 400-600 ℃ at the heating rate of 2-10 ℃/min, and roasting for 3-5h to obtain the self-template porous cerium-zirconium solid solution.
10. A self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution, wherein the self-templated porous ceria-zirconia solid solution is obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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