CN114602111B - Multistage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Multistage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114602111B CN114602111B CN202210246079.0A CN202210246079A CN114602111B CN 114602111 B CN114602111 B CN 114602111B CN 202210246079 A CN202210246079 A CN 202210246079A CN 114602111 B CN114602111 B CN 114602111B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fire extinguishing agent of a multistage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system and a preparation method thereof. The system contains various water existence forms such as free water, polymer bound water, vermiculite lattice interlayer water and the like, and has different water release speeds. In the process of lithium battery fire extinguishing, the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system realizes long-time continuous exertion of the cooling fire extinguishing effect through the step-by-step evaporation of water, and meanwhile, as the raw material vermiculite has the characteristics of high-temperature expansion, strong covering power and the like, the fire extinguishing agent is used for lithium battery fire extinguishing, can effectively prevent secondary afterburning, and realizes safe and effective fire extinguishing of the lithium battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fire control, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system fire extinguishing agent for safely extinguishing fire by using a lithium battery.
Background
With the wide application of various lithium battery driving devices such as electric bicycles, electric automobiles and intelligent robots, the lithium batteries are easy to generate fire under the conditions of charging, collision, long-term service aging and the like, and bring life safety risks and economic losses to people. The fire disaster of the lithium battery is caused by chemical reaction, and after primary fire extinguishment, the secondary reburning hidden danger exists because reactants in the electrolyte solution have the capability of continuous reaction, so the fire extinguishment of the lithium battery becomes a difficult point. At present, common fire extinguishing agents such as water, inert gas, halons and the like can cool down, suffocate and press flame to a certain extent, but cannot truly extinguish the fire of the lithium battery, because even if the open fire is extinguished temporarily, the possibility of rapid reburning and causing the fire to run away again exists, thereby bringing huge loss and safety risks. Therefore, a novel fire extinguishing agent special for the lithium battery needs to be developed to prevent secondary re-combustion of fire of the lithium battery and realize safe and effective fire extinguishment of the lithium battery.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the fire extinguishing agents such as water, inert gas, haron and the like possibly extinguish the open fire of a lithium battery and quickly re-ignite to cause the fire to be out of control again, the invention provides the fire extinguishing agent for the multistage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system, which can safely and effectively extinguish the fire of the lithium battery.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following invention ideas:
the vermiculite containing stable bound water is effectively coated by water-soluble polymer and inorganic powder to form water-containing suspension microsphere, and then the low-viscosity multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion fire extinguishing agent is obtained by the aid of dispersing auxiliary agents. In the fire extinguishing process, the fire extinguishing agent not only realizes long-time duration of the cooling fire extinguishing effect through the step-by-step evaporation of water, but also avoids side effects of small-sized floods and the like on site caused by the fact that the water-based fire extinguishing agent is largely used for extinguishing fire, and meanwhile, the fire extinguishing agent has high fire extinguishing efficiency and effectively prevents fire spreading due to the characteristics of high-temperature expansion, strong covering power and the like, so that the fire extinguishing agent is used for extinguishing fire by a lithium battery, can effectively prevent secondary re-combustion, and realizes safe and effective fire extinguishing of the lithium battery.
Preparation of pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite: the aim of the pretreatment of vermiculite is to achieve good dispersion of raw vermiculite containing bound water, the pretreatment reduces the particle size of the vermiculite, increases the surface area, and does not affect the stability of the bound water. The pretreatment method is to reduce the density of the vermiculite powder and improve the suspension performance through grinding, hydrogen peroxide stripping, low-temperature heating micro-expansion and other processes.
Preparation of stably coated vermiculite water microsphere: the surface energy and the surface charge characteristic of vermiculite are utilized to be respectively and organically coated with cationic hydrophilic resin and anionic hydrophilic resin to form water-containing microspheres, and then light inorganic powder is added to coat the water-containing microspheres, so that a stably coated vermiculite water microsphere dispersion system is obtained.
Preparing a multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite water dispersion system fire extinguishing agent: and selecting a proper dispersing auxiliary agent, and stably dispersing the vermiculite water microsphere in water to form a low-viscosity stable dispersed vermiculite water microsphere system, thereby obtaining the multistage water slow-release vermiculite water dispersion fire extinguishing agent.
According to the inventive concept, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion fire extinguishing agent is prepared by forming a stable coated vermiculite water microsphere system by wrapping water-containing vermiculite and hydrophilic polymer with inorganic powder to obtain microspheres, and stably dispersing the microspheres in water. The invention pretreats vermiculite to realize good dispersion of raw vermiculite containing bound water, the pretreatment reduces the grain size of vermiculite, increases the surface area, and does not influence the stability of bound water.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a fire extinguishing agent of a multistage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system, which comprises the following steps:
a. preparation of pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite:
mechanically grinding raw vermiculite to obtain vermiculite powder with fineness not lower than 100 meshes, and using H to obtain the vermiculite powder 2 O 2 Soaking the solution for at least 5 hours, and then drying at the temperature of not lower than 50 ℃ to obtain pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite;
b. preparation of stably coated vermiculite water microsphere:
dispersing the pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite obtained in the step a in deionized water, then adding a cationic resin aqueous solution, uniformly stirring, adding a coupling agent, reacting at a temperature of not lower than 50 ℃ for at least 5 hours, then dropwise adding an anionic resin aqueous solution, and continuously stirring for at least 1 hour after the dropwise adding is finished to obtain a vermiculite aqueous microsphere system; then adding light inorganic powder, and stirring at high speed for at least 3min to obtain a stably coated vermiculite water microsphere system;
c. preparing a multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite water dispersion system fire extinguishing agent:
and c, standing and layering the stably coated vermiculite water microsphere system obtained in the step b at normal temperature, removing the upper clear water layer, taking the lower vermiculite water microsphere, adding a dispersing auxiliary agent, and uniformly dispersing the vermiculite water microsphere system to obtain the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite water dispersion fire extinguishing agent.
Preferably, in the step a, the fineness of the vermiculite powder is 100 to 200 mesh.
Preferably, in said step a, H 2 O 2 The mass percentage concentration of the solution is 10-30wt%.
Preferably, in said step a, vermiculite powder is mixed with H 2 O 2 The weight ratio of the solution is 1:1 to 5.
Preferably, in said step a, vermiculite powder is in H 2 O 2 The soaking time in the solution is 10-24 h.
Preferably, in said step a, vermiculite powder is in H 2 O 2 And (3) after soaking in the solution, drying at 50-95 ℃ to obtain the pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite.
Preferably, in the step b, the weight ratio of the pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite to deionized water is 1:10 to 20.
Preferably, in the step b, the weight ratio of the micro-expanded vermiculite to the cationic resin is 1:1 to 3.
Preferably, in the step b, the mass percentage concentration of the cationic resin is 1 to 10wt%.
Preferably, in the step b, the weight ratio of the micro-expanded vermiculite to the coupling agent is 1:1 to 3.
Preferably, in the step b, the weight ratio of the micro-expanded vermiculite to the anionic resin is 1:1 to 3.
Preferably, in said step b, the concentration of the anionic resin is 1 to 10% by weight.
Preferably, in said step b, a light inorganic powder is added in an amount of 1 to 3 times the weight of the micro-expanded vermiculite.
Preferably, in the step b, the reaction temperature of the micro-expanded vermiculite, the cationic resin and the coupling agent is 50-95 ℃ and the reaction time is 5-24 hours.
Preferably, in the step b, the dropping time of the anionic resin is 3-5 hours, and stirring is continued for 1-3 hours after the dropping is completed.
Preferably, in the step b, the high-speed stirring speed of the vermiculite water microsphere and the inorganic powder is 1000-3000 rpm, and the stirring time is 3-10 min, so as to obtain the stable coated vermiculite water microsphere system.
Preferably, in the step b, the cationic resin is any one of cationic polyethyleneimine, cationic guar gum and cationic chitosan or a mixture of at least two of the cationic polyethyleneimine, cationic guar gum and cationic chitosan.
Preferably, in the step b, the coupling agent is any one or a mixture of at least two of silane coupling agent gamma-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (KH 540), gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH 550), gamma-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KH 560), gamma-mercaptopropyl triethoxysilane (KH 580), N- (beta-aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH 791), N- (beta-aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (KH 792), N-beta-aminoethyl-gamma-aminopropyl methyldimethoxysilane (KH 602) and isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane (IPTS).
Preferably, in the step b, the anionic resin is any one or a mixture of at least two of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethyl starch and anionic polyacrylamide.
Preferably, in the step b, the light inorganic powder comprises any one or a mixture of at least two of organically modified bentonite, organically modified diatomite, organically modified montmorillonite and nano silica.
Preferably, in the step c, the coated vermiculite water microsphere system is stabilized, and the standing delamination time is 0.5-5 h at normal temperature.
Preferably, in the step c, the dispersing aid is any one or a mixture of two of an anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant.
Preferably, in the step c, the clear water layer of the upper layer is removed for recycling to the preparation of the fire extinguishing agent of the next multi-stage water slow release vermiculite dispersion system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following obvious prominent substantive features and obvious advantages:
1. the fire extinguishing agent of the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system simultaneously contains various water existence forms such as free water, polymer bound water, vermiculite lattice interlayer water and the like, and has different water release speeds;
2. in the fire extinguishing process of the lithium battery, the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system realizes long-time continuous exertion of the cooling and fire extinguishing effects through the stepwise evaporation of water, and meanwhile, as the raw material vermiculite has the characteristics of high-temperature expansion, strong covering power and the like, the fire extinguishing agent can effectively prevent secondary afterburning when being used for fire extinguishing of the lithium battery, and realizes safe and effective fire extinguishing of the lithium battery;
3. the method is simple and feasible, has low cost and is suitable for popularization and application.
Detailed Description
The foregoing aspects are further described in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided:
embodiment one:
in the embodiment, the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion fire extinguishing agent is prepared by forming a stable coated vermiculite water microsphere system by wrapping water-containing vermiculite and hydrophilic polymer with inorganic powder to obtain microspheres, and stably dispersing the microspheres in water.
A preparation method of a multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps:
a. preparation of pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite:
mechanically grinding raw vermiculite, sieving with 100 mesh sieve to obtain raw vermiculite powder with 100 mesh particle size, and mixing 100g of raw vermiculite powder with 30wt% H at 100g of mass percentage concentration 2 O 2 Soaking in the solution for 12 hours, and then drying at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite;
b. preparation of stably coated vermiculite water microsphere:
dispersing 100g of the pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite obtained in the step a in 2000mL of deionized water, then adding a polyethyleneimine water solution with the weight of 100g and the mass percent concentration of 10wt% of solid resin, uniformly stirring, adding 150g of Isocyanate Propyl Triethoxysilane (IPTS), reacting for 12h at 60 ℃, then dripping a carboxymethyl cellulose sodium water solution with the weight of 100g and the mass percent concentration of 2wt% of solid resin, dripping for 4h, and continuously stirring for 2h after dripping, thus obtaining a vermiculite water microsphere system; then 200g of organic modified light diatomite powder is added, and the mixture is stirred for 5min at a high speed under a rotation speed of 2000rpm, thus obtaining a stable coated vermiculite water microsphere system
c. Preparing a multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite water dispersion system fire extinguishing agent:
standing the stably coated vermiculite water microsphere system obtained in the step b for 1h for layering, removing a clear water layer at the upper layer, and circularly using the clear water layer for preparing a next multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system extinguishing agent; and taking the lower vermiculite water microsphere, adding 10g of Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (SDBS), and fully stirring to obtain the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite water dispersion fire extinguishing agent, wherein the solid content of the vermiculite in the fire extinguishing agent is 5wt%.
The fire extinguishing agent of the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system simultaneously contains various water existence forms such as free water, polymer bound water, vermiculite lattice interlayer water and the like, and has different water release speeds; in the fire extinguishing process of the lithium battery, the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system realizes long-time continuous exertion of the cooling and fire extinguishing effects through the stepwise evaporation of water, and meanwhile, as the raw material vermiculite has the characteristics of high-temperature expansion, strong covering power and the like, the fire extinguishing agent can effectively prevent secondary afterburning when being used for fire extinguishing of the lithium battery, and realizes safe and effective fire extinguishing of the lithium battery.
Example two
This embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in the embodiment, the preparation method of the fire extinguishing agent of the multistage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system comprises the following steps:
a. preparation of pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite:
mechanically grinding raw vermiculite, sieving with 150 mesh sieve to obtain raw vermiculite powder with particle size of 150 mesh, mixing 100g of raw vermiculite powder with 150g of H with mass percentage concentration of 20wt% 2 O 2 Soaking in the solution for 15 hours, and then drying at 70 ℃ for 10 hours to obtainTo pre-treating the micro-expanded vermiculite;
b. preparation of stably coated vermiculite water microsphere:
dispersing 100g of the pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite obtained in the step a in 1000mL of deionized water, adding a cationic guar gum water solution with the weight of 120g and the mass percentage concentration of 2wt% into the solid resin, uniformly stirring, adding 100g of gamma-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (KH 540) and 100g of gamma-glycidol ether oxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KH 560) to react for 8 hours at 60 ℃, then dripping a sodium alginate water solution with the weight percentage concentration of 120g and the mass percentage concentration of 2wt% into the solid resin, dripping for 5 hours, and continuously stirring for 3 hours after dripping to obtain a vermiculite water microsphere system; then 150g of organic modified light bentonite powder is added, and the mixture is stirred at a high speed for 10min at a rotating speed of 1000rpm, so as to obtain a stably coated vermiculite water microsphere system;
c. preparing a multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite water dispersion system fire extinguishing agent:
standing the stably coated vermiculite water microsphere system obtained in the step b for 2 hours for layering, removing a clear water layer at the upper layer, circularly using the clear water layer for preparing the next multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion fire extinguishing agent, taking the lower-layer vermiculite water microsphere, adding 5g Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (SDBS) and 5g polyoxyethylene castor oil ester (EL-20), and fully stirring to obtain the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite water dispersion fire extinguishing agent, wherein the solid content of vermiculite in the fire extinguishing agent is 5wt%.
The fire extinguishing agent of the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system simultaneously contains various water existence forms such as free water, polymer bound water, vermiculite lattice interlayer water and the like, and has different water release speeds; in the fire extinguishing process of the lithium battery, the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system realizes long-time continuous exertion of the cooling and fire extinguishing effects through the stepwise evaporation of water, and meanwhile, as the raw material vermiculite has the characteristics of high-temperature expansion, strong covering power and the like, the fire extinguishing agent can effectively prevent secondary afterburning when being used for fire extinguishing of the lithium battery, and realizes safe and effective fire extinguishing of the lithium battery.
Example III
This embodiment is substantially the same as the above embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in the embodiment, the preparation method of the fire extinguishing agent of the multistage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system comprises the following steps:
a. preparation of pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite:
mechanically grinding raw vermiculite, sieving with 200 mesh sieve to obtain raw vermiculite powder with particle size of 200 mesh, mixing 100g of raw vermiculite powder with 300g of H with mass percentage concentration of 10wt% 2 O 2 Soaking in the solution for 20 hours, and then drying at 80 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite;
b. preparation of stably coated vermiculite water microsphere:
dispersing 100g of the pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite obtained in the step a in 1500mL of deionized water, then adding 150g of cationic chitosan water solution with the mass percent concentration of 2wt% and solid resin, uniformly stirring, then adding 150g of gamma-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KH 560) to react for 6h at 70 ℃, then dripping 120g of carboxymethyl starch sodium water solution with the mass percent concentration of 2wt% and solid resin, and continuously stirring for 2.5h after dripping to obtain a vermiculite water microsphere system; then 150g of organic modified montmorillonite powder is added, and the mixture is stirred at a high speed for 6min at a rotating speed of 1500rpm, so as to obtain a stably coated vermiculite water microsphere system;
c. preparing a multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite water dispersion system fire extinguishing agent:
standing the stably coated vermiculite water microsphere system obtained in the step b for 3 hours for layering, removing a clear water layer at the upper layer, circularly using the clear water layer for preparing the next multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion fire extinguishing agent, taking the lower-layer vermiculite water microsphere, adding 10g of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), and fully stirring to obtain the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite water dispersion fire extinguishing agent, wherein the solid content of the vermiculite in the fire extinguishing agent is 5wt%.
The fire extinguishing agent of the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system simultaneously contains various water existence forms such as free water, polymer bound water, vermiculite lattice interlayer water and the like, and has different water release speeds; in the fire extinguishing process of the lithium battery, the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system realizes long-time continuous exertion of the cooling and fire extinguishing effects through the stepwise evaporation of water, and meanwhile, as the raw material vermiculite has the characteristics of high-temperature expansion, strong covering power and the like, the fire extinguishing agent can effectively prevent secondary afterburning when being used for fire extinguishing of the lithium battery, and realizes safe and effective fire extinguishing of the lithium battery.
Example IV
This embodiment is substantially the same as the above embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in this embodiment, a method for preparing a fire extinguishing agent of a multistage water-slow release vermiculite dispersion system includes the following steps:
a. preparation of pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite:
mechanically grinding raw vermiculite, sieving with 120 mesh sieve to obtain raw vermiculite powder with particle size of 120 mesh, and mixing 100g of raw vermiculite powder with 120g of H with mass percentage concentration of 30wt% 2 O 2 Soaking in the solution for 12 hours, and then drying at 95 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite;
b. preparation of stably coated vermiculite water microsphere:
dispersing 100g of the pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite obtained in the step a in 1000mL of deionized water, then adding 50g of cationic guar gum water solution with the mass percentage concentration of 2wt% and 50g of cationic chitosan water solution with the mass percentage concentration of 2wt% into the solid resin, uniformly stirring, then adding 100g of gamma-mercaptopropyl triethoxysilane (KH 580) and 100g of gamma-glycidol ether oxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KH 560) to react for 5h at 80 ℃, then dripping 120g of anionic polyacrylamide with the mass percentage concentration of 2wt% and the molecular weight of 300 ten thousand into the solid resin, dripping for 5h, and continuously stirring for 3h after dripping, wherein the vermiculite water microsphere system; then 150g of nano silicon dioxide powder is added, and the mixture is stirred at a high speed for 6min at a rotating speed of 1500rpm, so as to obtain a stably coated vermiculite water microsphere system;
c. preparing a multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite water dispersion system fire extinguishing agent:
standing the stably coated vermiculite water microsphere system obtained in the step b for 3 hours for layering, removing a clear water layer at the upper layer, circularly using the clear water layer for preparing the next multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion fire extinguishing agent, taking the lower-layer vermiculite water microsphere, adding 5g of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and 5g of Tween 80 (Tween-80), and fully stirring to obtain the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite water dispersion fire extinguishing agent, wherein the solid content of the vermiculite in the fire extinguishing agent is 5wt%.
The fire extinguishing agent of the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system simultaneously contains various water existence forms such as free water, polymer bound water, vermiculite lattice interlayer water and the like, and has different water release speeds; in the fire extinguishing process of the lithium battery, the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system realizes long-time continuous exertion of the cooling and fire extinguishing effects through the stepwise evaporation of water, and meanwhile, as the raw material vermiculite has the characteristics of high-temperature expansion, strong covering power and the like, the fire extinguishing agent can effectively prevent secondary afterburning when being used for fire extinguishing of the lithium battery, and realizes safe and effective fire extinguishing of the lithium battery.
In summary, according to the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion fire extinguishing agent and the preparation method thereof, the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion fire extinguishing agent is prepared by forming the stably coated water-containing microspheres by wrapping the water-containing vermiculite and the hydrophilic polymer with the inorganic powder, and stably dispersing the microspheres in water. The system contains various water existence forms such as free water, polymer bound water, vermiculite lattice interlayer water and the like, and has different water release speeds. In the process of lithium battery fire extinguishing, the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system realizes long-time continuous exertion of the cooling fire extinguishing effect through stepwise evaporation of water, and meanwhile, as raw material vermiculite has the characteristics of high-temperature expansion, strong covering power and the like, the fire extinguishing agent in the embodiment can effectively prevent secondary afterburning when being used for lithium battery fire extinguishing, and realizes safe and effective fire extinguishing on lithium batteries.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations or simplifications can be made according to the spirit and principles of the technical solution of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but is limited to the protection scope of the present invention as long as the technical principles and the inventive concept of the present invention are not deviated.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion fire extinguishing agent is characterized in that: forming a stably coated vermiculite water microsphere system by wrapping water-containing vermiculite and hydrophilic polymer with inorganic powder to obtain microspheres, and stably dispersing the microspheres in water to prepare the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion fire extinguishing agent; the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion fire extinguishing agent is prepared by the following steps:
a. preparation of pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite:
mechanically grinding raw vermiculite to obtain vermiculite powder with fineness not lower than 100 meshes, and using H to obtain the vermiculite powder 2 O 2 Soaking the solution for at least 5 hours, and then drying at the temperature of not lower than 50 ℃ to obtain pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite;
b. preparation of stably coated vermiculite water microsphere:
dispersing the pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite obtained in the step a in deionized water, then adding a cationic resin aqueous solution, uniformly stirring, adding a coupling agent, reacting at a temperature of not lower than 50 ℃ for at least 5 hours, then dropwise adding an anionic resin aqueous solution, and continuously stirring for at least 1 hour after the dropwise adding is finished to obtain a vermiculite aqueous microsphere system; then adding light inorganic powder, and stirring at high speed for at least 3min to obtain a stably coated vermiculite water microsphere system;
c. preparing a multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite water dispersion system fire extinguishing agent:
and c, standing and layering the stably coated vermiculite water microsphere system obtained in the step b at normal temperature, removing the upper clear water layer, taking the lower vermiculite water microsphere, adding a dispersing auxiliary agent, and uniformly dispersing the vermiculite water microsphere system to obtain the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite water dispersion fire extinguishing agent.
2. A method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent of the multistage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a. preparation of pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite:
mechanically grinding raw vermiculite to obtain vermiculite powder with fineness not lower than 100 meshes, and using H to obtain the vermiculite powder 2 O 2 Soaking the solution for at least 5 hours, and then drying at the temperature of not lower than 50 ℃ to obtain pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite;
b. preparation of stably coated vermiculite water microsphere:
dispersing the pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite obtained in the step a in deionized water, then adding a cationic resin aqueous solution, uniformly stirring, adding a coupling agent, reacting at a temperature of not lower than 50 ℃ for at least 5 hours, then dropwise adding an anionic resin aqueous solution, and continuously stirring for at least 1 hour after the dropwise adding is finished to obtain a vermiculite aqueous microsphere system; then adding light inorganic powder, and stirring at high speed for at least 3min to obtain a stably coated vermiculite water microsphere system;
c. preparing a multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite water dispersion system fire extinguishing agent:
and c, standing and layering the stably coated vermiculite water microsphere system obtained in the step b at normal temperature, removing the upper clear water layer, taking the lower vermiculite water microsphere, adding a dispersing auxiliary agent, and uniformly dispersing the vermiculite water microsphere system to obtain the multi-stage water slow-release vermiculite water dispersion fire extinguishing agent.
3. The method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent of the multistage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step a, the fineness of the vermiculite powder is 100-200 meshes.
4. The method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent of the multistage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in said step a, H 2 O 2 The mass percentage concentration of the solution is 10-30wt%;
alternatively, in said step a, vermiculite powder is mixed with H 2 O 2 The weight ratio of the solution is 1:1 to 5.
5. The method for preparing a fire extinguishing agent of a multilevel water-slow release vermiculite dispersion system according to claim 2, which is characterized in thatThe method is characterized in that: in said step a, vermiculite powder is in H 2 O 2 The soaking time in the solution is 10-24 hours;
alternatively, in said step a, vermiculite powder is in H 2 O 2 And (3) after soaking in the solution, drying at 50-95 ℃ to obtain the pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite.
6. The method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent of the multistage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step b, the weight ratio of the pretreated micro-expanded vermiculite to deionized water is 1: 10-20 parts;
alternatively, in step b, the weight ratio of the micro-expanded vermiculite to the cationic resin is 1:1 to 3;
or in the step b, the mass percentage concentration of the cationic resin is 1-10wt%;
alternatively, in the step b, the weight ratio of the micro-expanded vermiculite to the coupling agent is 1:1 to 3;
alternatively, in step b, the weight ratio of the micro-expanded vermiculite to the anionic resin is 1:1 to 3;
alternatively, in said step b, the concentration of the anionic resin is 1 to 10wt%;
or in the step b, adding light inorganic powder which is 1-3 times of the weight of the micro-expanded vermiculite.
7. The method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent of the multistage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step b, the reaction temperature of the micro-expanded vermiculite, the cationic resin and the coupling agent is 50-95 ℃ and the reaction time is 5-24 hours;
or in the step b, the dropwise adding time of the anion resin is 3-5 h, and stirring is continued for 1-3 h after the dropwise adding is finished;
or in the step b, the high-speed stirring speed of the vermiculite water microsphere and the inorganic powder is 1000-3000 rpm, and the stirring time is 3-10 min, so as to obtain the stably coated vermiculite water microsphere system.
8. The method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent of the multistage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step b, the cationic resin is any one or a mixture of at least two of cationic polyethyleneimine, cationic guar gum and cationic chitosan;
alternatively, in the step b, the coupling agent is any one or a mixture of at least two of silane coupling agent gamma-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (KH 540), gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH 550), gamma-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KH 560), gamma-mercaptopropyl triethoxysilane (KH 580), N- (beta-aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH 791), N- (beta-aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (KH 792), N-beta-aminoethyl-gamma-aminopropyl methyldimethoxysilane (KH 602) and isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane (IPTS);
or in the step b, the anionic resin is any one or a mixture of at least two of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethyl starch and anionic polyacrylamide;
alternatively, in the step b, the light inorganic powder may comprise any one or a mixture of at least two of organically modified bentonite, organically modified diatomaceous earth, organically modified montmorillonite, and nanosilica.
9. The method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent of the multistage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step c, the coated vermiculite water microsphere system is stabilized, and the standing layering time is 0.5-5 h at normal temperature.
10. The method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent of the multistage water slow-release vermiculite dispersion system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step c, the dispersing aid is any one or a mixture of two of anionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant.
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