CN114597641A - Fan-shaped beam antenna unit based on function approximation theory - Google Patents
Fan-shaped beam antenna unit based on function approximation theory Download PDFInfo
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- CN114597641A CN114597641A CN202210185457.9A CN202210185457A CN114597641A CN 114597641 A CN114597641 A CN 114597641A CN 202210185457 A CN202210185457 A CN 202210185457A CN 114597641 A CN114597641 A CN 114597641A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
- H01Q19/30—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially straight, e.g. Yagi antenna
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a fan-shaped beam antenna unit based on a function approximation theory, which consists of a reflecting part and an antenna radiation part, wherein the antenna radiation part is used for forming a fan-shaped beam and comprises the following components: a first dielectric substrate die1, and a first microstrip yagi antenna module and a second microstrip yagi antenna module etched on the first dielectric substrate die1, wherein the first microstrip yagi antenna module and the second microstrip yagi antenna module are cross-etched on two sides of the first dielectric substrate die 1; the reflection part includes: a metal ground plane and a second dielectric substrate die2 covering the metal ground plane; the antenna radiation part is vertically arranged on the upper surface of the reflection part, wherein the radiation surface of the antenna radiation part is parallel to the first dielectric substrate die 1; the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, easy processing, low cost, small size, simple feed network, easy array formation, easy grasp by common scientific research personnel and the like, and has better application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of design of a fan-shaped beam antenna, in particular to a fan-shaped beam antenna unit based on a function approximation theory.
Background
A fan beam antenna is an antenna that radiates energy as uniformly as possible within a particular angle. The sector beam antenna is widely applied to the fields of satellite communication, satellite networking, vehicle-mounted/ship-mounted/airborne phased array radar and the like. With the development of wireless communication technology and internet of things technology, the sector beam antenna is also gaining wide attention in the civil field, such as wireless medical equipment, airport luggage/commodity Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems, indoor distribution systems, base stations, and vehicle/unmanned aerial vehicle anti-collision radar systems. Therefore, the method has important significance for the research of the design method of the fan-beam antenna.
At present, there are four main methods for implementing the design of a sector beam antenna: an antenna array pattern synthesis method (for example, a fourier transform method, a wood-wold synthesis method, and the like), a metamaterial antenna design method, a dielectric lens antenna design method, and a dielectric loaded antenna element design method. The first three design methods are all based on antenna array pattern synthesis methods, and have common disadvantages: the method depends on an optimization algorithm, and common research personnel are difficult to understand and master; the directional diagram synthesis is realized by a large-scale array, the antenna size is large, the design cost is high, and the large-scale popularization and use are not easy. In addition, the antenna array directional diagram comprehensive method also has the defects of difficult feed network design, complex feed network, high T/R assembly cost, large antenna loss and the like; the metamaterial antenna design method also has the defects of large antenna section size, large insertion loss and large phase error caused by a metamaterial structure and the like. The design method of the medium loading antenna unit needs to optimize the shape of the loading medium, and has the defects of high design difficulty, high processing cost, large antenna volume, no contribution to array formation and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fan-shaped beam antenna unit design method based on a function approximation theory, and the problem that the function error of a directional diagram can be minimized by converting the synthesis of a fan-shaped beam directional diagram into how to select two sub-directional diagrams through the function approximation theory.
In order to achieve the above technical object, the present invention provides a fan-beam antenna unit based on a function approximation theory, the fan-beam antenna unit being composed of a reflection part and an antenna radiation part, wherein,
the antenna radiation part is used for forming a fan-shaped beam and comprises: a first dielectric substrate die1, and a first microstrip yagi antenna module and a second microstrip yagi antenna module etched on the first dielectric substrate die1, wherein the first microstrip yagi antenna module and the second microstrip yagi antenna module are cross-etched on two sides of the first dielectric substrate die 1;
the reflection part includes: the second dielectric substrate die2 is covered on the metal ground plane, wherein the metal ground plane is arranged in parallel with the ground plane, and the distance between the metal ground plane and the ground plane is 0;
the antenna radiation part is vertically arranged on the upper surface of the reflection part, wherein the radiation surface of the antenna radiation part is parallel to the first dielectric substrate die 1.
Preferably, the antenna radiation section further includes a first input port P1 and a second input port P2 etched on the first dielectric substrate die 1;
the first input port P1 is connected to a first microstrip yagi antenna module;
the second input port P2 is connected to a second microstrip yagi antenna module;
the connection line of the first input port P1 and the second input port P2 is perpendicular to the first dielectric substrate die 1.
Preferably, the first microstrip yagi antenna module is composed of a first director, a first reflector, and a first half-wave dipole antenna element, wherein the first director, the first reflector, and the first half-wave dipole antenna element are arranged in parallel with each other, the first half-wave dipole antenna element is arranged between the first director and the first reflector, and the first input port P1 is arranged between the first half-wave dipole antenna elements;
the second microstrip yagi antenna module is composed of a second director, a second reflector and a second half-wave dipole antenna unit, wherein the second director, the second reflector and the second half-wave dipole antenna unit are arranged in parallel, the second half-wave dipole antenna unit is arranged between the second director and the second reflector, and a second input port P2 is arranged between the second half-wave dipole antenna unit.
Preferably, the first director comprises at least one first director unit that does not have a cross-relationship with the second microstrip yagi antenna module, wherein the first director comprises at least three first director units;
the second director comprises at least one second director unit which does not have a cross relationship with the first microstrip yagi antenna module, wherein the second director comprises at least three second director units;
the crossing relation is symmetrical and orthogonal.
Preferably, the first half-wave dipole antenna and the second half-wave dipole antenna have no contact point or contact surface with the second dielectric plate.
Preferably, the working frequency band of the antenna of the fan-beam antenna unit is 8.425GHz, the return loss in the bandwidth is less than 15dB, the 3dB beam width at the central frequency point is 134 degrees, and the gain fluctuation in +/-45 degrees is less than 0.2 dB.
Preferably, the fan beam antenna elements have a volume size of 20mm by 16.75mm by 1.6 mm;
the first dielectric substrate die1 and the second dielectric substrate die2 are made of glass fiber epoxy resin materials, and the dielectric constant is 4.4;
the first input port P1, the second input port P2 and the metal grounding surface are made of metal copper materials, and the thickness of each metal copper material is 0.035 mm;
the lengths of the first director and the second director are both 8 mm;
the lengths of the first reflector and the second reflector are both 13 mm;
the lengths of the first half-wave dipole antenna unit and the second half-wave dipole antenna unit are both 8.5 mm;
the size of the metal grounding surface is 39.1mm multiplied by 39.1 mm;
the antenna rotation angle is 37 °.
Preferably, the method for manufacturing the fan-beam antenna unit includes:
decomposing a fan-shaped beam pattern of a fan-shaped beam into a first sub-direction pattern and a second sub-direction pattern, wherein the fan-shaped beam pattern is generated after the first sub-direction pattern and the second sub-direction pattern are superposed;
acquiring the minimum value of errors generated during superposition according to the first sub-direction graph and the second sub-direction graph;
based on the minimum value, two sub-direction patterns for generating a fan-shaped beam pattern are acquired by a main beam deflection method.
Preferably, in the process of obtaining the minimum value of the error, based on a fan-shaped pattern function of the fan-shaped beam pattern, the error and the minimum value of the error are obtained by obtaining a main beam direction and a 3-dB beam width respectively corresponding to the first sub-pattern and the second sub-pattern according to sub-pattern functions of the first sub-pattern and the second sub-pattern.
Preferably, in the process of obtaining the minimum value, the error is expressed as:
f(θ)≈f1(θ)+f2(θ)
e＝||f(θ)-(f1(θ)+f2(θ))||∞
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
where f (θ) is a fan pattern function, f1(theta) and f2(theta) are respectively two sub-direction diagram functions, and the main beam direction and the 3-dB beam width corresponding to the two sub-direction diagrams are respectively thetai，θi+π/(4×ai) (i ∞ 1, 2), e denotes the error, and vector norm is selected.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
compared with the existing sector beam antenna implementation method, the sector beam antenna unit designed by the method only needs to use a simple PCB process, and has the advantages of small size, low cost, easy array formation and the like. The design of the fan-shaped beam antenna unit based on the design method has the characteristics of simple structure, easiness in processing, low cost, small size, simple feed network, easiness in array formation, easiness in mastering by common scientific research personnel and the like, and has a better application prospect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the antenna unit assembly design according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the radiation direction combination design of the antenna unit according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the antenna unit according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the performance of the fan-beam antenna unit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present application without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present invention provides a fan-beam antenna unit based on a function approximation theory, which is composed of a reflection part and an antenna radiation part, wherein,
the antenna radiation part is used for forming a fan-shaped beam and comprises: a first dielectric substrate die1, and a first microstrip yagi antenna module and a second microstrip yagi antenna module etched on the first dielectric substrate die1, wherein the first microstrip yagi antenna module and the second microstrip yagi antenna module are cross-etched on two sides of the first dielectric substrate die 1;
the reflection part includes: a metal ground plane and a second dielectric substrate die2 covering the metal ground plane, wherein the metal ground plane is parallel to the ground plane and the distance between the metal ground plane and the ground plane is 0;
the antenna radiation part is vertically arranged on the upper surface of the reflection part, wherein the radiation surface of the antenna radiation part is parallel to the first dielectric substrate die 1.
Further preferably, the antenna radiation section further includes a first input port P1 and a second input port P2 etched on the first dielectric substrate die 1;
the first input port P1 is connected to a first microstrip yagi antenna module;
the second input port P2 is connected to a second microstrip yagi antenna module;
the connection line of the first input port P1 and the second input port P2 is perpendicular to the first dielectric substrate die 1.
Further preferably, the first microstrip yagi antenna module is composed of a first director, a first reflector, and a first half-wave dipole antenna element, wherein the first director, the first reflector, and the first half-wave dipole antenna element are arranged in parallel with each other, the first half-wave dipole antenna element is arranged between the first director and the first reflector, and the first input port P1 is arranged in the first half-wave dipole antenna element;
the second microstrip yagi antenna module is composed of a second director, a second reflector and a second half-wave dipole antenna unit, wherein the second director, the second reflector and the second half-wave dipole antenna unit are arranged in parallel, the second half-wave dipole antenna unit is arranged between the second director and the second reflector, and a second input port P2 is arranged on the second half-wave dipole antenna unit.
Further preferably, the first director comprises at least one first director unit not having a cross-relationship with the second microstrip yagi antenna module, wherein the first director comprises at least three first director units;
the second director comprises at least one second director unit which does not have a cross relationship with the first microstrip yagi antenna module, wherein the second director comprises at least three second director units;
the crossing relation is symmetrical and orthogonal.
Further preferably, the first half-wave dipole antenna and the second half-wave dipole antenna have no contact point or contact surface with the second dielectric plate.
Further preferably, the operating frequency band of the antenna of the fan-beam antenna unit is 8.425GHz, the return loss in the bandwidth is less than 15dB, the 3dB beam width at the central frequency point is 134 °, and the gain fluctuation in ± 45 ° is less than 0.2 dB.
Further preferably, the fan beam antenna unit has a volume size of 20mm × 16.75mm × 1.6 mm;
the first dielectric substrate die1 and the second dielectric substrate die2 are made of glass fiber epoxy resin materials, and the dielectric constant is 4.4;
the first input port P1, the second input port P2 and the metal grounding surface are made of metal copper materials, and the thickness of each metal copper material is 0.035 mm;
the lengths of the first director and the second director are both 8 mm;
the lengths of the first reflector and the second reflector are both 13 mm;
the lengths of the first half-wave dipole antenna unit and the second half-wave dipole antenna unit are both 8.5 mm;
the size of the metal grounding surface is 39.1mm multiplied by 39.1 mm;
the antenna rotation angle is 37 °.
Further preferably, the method for manufacturing the fan-beam antenna unit includes:
decomposing a fan-shaped beam pattern of a fan-shaped beam into a first sub-direction pattern and a second sub-direction pattern, wherein the fan-shaped beam pattern is generated after the first sub-direction pattern and the second sub-direction pattern are superposed;
acquiring the minimum value of errors generated during superposition according to the first sub-direction graph and the second sub-direction graph;
based on the minimum value, two sub-direction patterns for generating a fan-shaped beam pattern are acquired by a main beam deflection method.
Further preferably, in the process of obtaining the minimum value of the error, based on the fan-shaped pattern function of the fan-shaped beam pattern, the error and the minimum value of the error are obtained by obtaining a main beam direction and a 3-dB beam width respectively corresponding to the first sub-pattern and the second sub-pattern according to the sub-pattern functions of the first sub-pattern and the second sub-pattern.
Further preferably, in the process of obtaining the minimum value, the error is expressed as:
f(θ)≈f1(θ)+f2(θ)
e＝||f(θ)-(f1(θ)+f2(θ))||∞
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
where f (θ) is a fan pattern function, f1(theta) and f2(theta) are respectively two sub-direction diagram functions, and the main beam direction and the 3-dB beam width corresponding to the two sub-direction diagrams are respectively thetai，θi+π/(4×ai) And (i is 1 and 2), e represents an error, and a vector norm is selected. (a)1，a2，θ1And theta2Describing the main beam direction and the 3-dB beam width through a formula, wherein four parameters correspond to different f1And f2. By optimizing these four parameters, an approximation to f is obtained. The optimization method is conventional ginseng sweeping. )
Example 1: the invention provides a method for designing a fan-shaped beam antenna unit based on a function approximation theory, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the comprehensive problem of the fan-shaped beam directional diagram is converted into the problem of how to select two sub-directional diagrams to realize the minimum error between the superposition directional diagram function and the fan-shaped beam directional diagram function;
(2) solving the problem of the minimum error through an optimization algorithm;
(3) and (4) realizing two sub-direction diagrams obtained after optimization by utilizing a main beam deflection technology.
The design method has the characteristics of simple design principle, easiness in understanding, convenience in realizing technical popularization and the like. In the following formula, f (theta) is a target fan-shaped directional diagram function to be integrated, f1(theta) and f2(theta) are two sub-directional diagram functions used for approximating the fan-shaped directional diagram respectively, and the main beam direction and the 3-dB beam width corresponding to the two sub-directional diagrams are thetai，θi+π/(4×ai) (i ═ 1, 2). The error e represents the difference of the target directional diagram function and the sub-directional diagram function, wherein the vector norm is selected.
f(θ)≈f1(θ)+f2(θ)
e＝||f(θ)-(f1(θ)+f2(θ))||∞
Wherein
Based on the proposed design method of the fan-shaped beam antenna unit, the patent designs a fan-shaped beam antenna unit. The microstrip yagi antenna module is characterized by comprising a glass fiber epoxy resin (FR4) dielectric substrate (die1) with two etched sides, a glass fiber epoxy resin (FR4) dielectric substrate (die2) covering a metal ground plane (Gnd1), an input port 1(P1) with 50 ohm impedance, an input port 2(P2) with 50 ohm impedance, a first microstrip yagi antenna module and a second microstrip yagi antenna module.
The first microstrip yagi antenna module comprises three director elements (d1), a reflector element (r1), a half-wave dipole antenna element (di1), and an input port 1(P1) with 50-ohm impedance; the second microstrip yagi antenna module comprises three director elements (d2), a reflector element (r2), a half-wave dipole antenna element (di2), and an input port 1(P2) of 50 ohm impedance.
As shown in fig. 3, the first microstrip yagi antenna module and the second microstrip yagi antenna module are combined and etched on both sides of the dielectric substrate (die1), respectively, to form an antenna element assembly. The two antenna units are based on a function approximation theory, and an antenna directional pattern is fitted through a phase line deflection technology, so that a fan-shaped beam directional pattern is formed.
As shown in fig. 3, an input port (P1) of 50 ohm impedance is connected to both ends of a half-wave dipole antenna element (di1), and three director elements (d1) are equally spaced above the dipole antenna element. A reflecting element (r1) is located below the antenna element. These were etched on one side of a fiberglass epoxy (FR4) dielectric substrate (die 1). Thereby forming a simple microstrip yagi antenna module. An input port (P2) of 50 ohm impedance is connected with two ends of a half-wave dipole antenna unit (di2), and three guide units (d2) are distributed above the dipole antenna unit at equal intervals. A reflecting element (r2) is located below the antenna element. Similarly, these were etched on the other side of a fiberglass epoxy (FR4) dielectric substrate (die 1). Thereby forming another identical microstrip yagi antenna module. The lower part of the dielectric substrate (die1) is connected with the dielectric substrate (die2), and the two are vertically arranged. The metal ground plane (Gnd1) is etched on the bottom of the dielectric substrate (die 2).
Furthermore, the input port (P1) with 50 ohm impedance, the output port (P2) with 50 ohm impedance, and the metal ground plane (Gnd1) are all implemented by metal copper materials.
Furthermore, the two microstrip yagi antenna modules are symmetrically arranged and orthogonal to each other, the size and the dimension of the two microstrip yagi antenna modules are completely the same, and the two antenna units feed power simultaneously.
Further, the distance between the three directors in each microstrip yagi antenna module is the same, but the distance between the first director and the half-wave dipole element is slightly smaller. The director is shorter than the half-wave dipole element and the reflector is longer than the half-wave dipole element.
Furthermore, the metal ground plane is composed of a layer of copper, the thickness of which is 0.035mm, and covers the bottom surface of the glass fiber epoxy resin (FR4) dielectric substrate (die 2).
Furthermore, the input port (P1) with 50 ohm impedance, the input port (P2) with 50 ohm impedance, the director (d1) of the microstrip yagi antenna module (s1), the reflector (r1), the half-wave dipole antenna unit (di1), the director (d2) of the microstrip yagi antenna module (s2), the reflector (r2) and the half-wave dipole antenna unit (di2) are covered on two sides of the glass fiber epoxy resin (FR4) dielectric substrate (die 1).
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the antenna is integrally composed of a reflecting section (Gnd1) and an antenna radiating section (rad).
To verify the validity of the inventive scheme, the following simulation experiment was performed.
The embodiment discloses an HFSS three-dimensional modeling simulation design of an antenna unit, and discloses a simple fan-shaped beam antenna unit based on a function approximation theory, wherein the size of the simple fan-shaped beam antenna unit is 20mm multiplied by 16.75mm multiplied by 1.6mm
The dielectric constant of the adopted glass fiber epoxy resin material is 4.4, the thickness of the internal metal copper is 0.035mm, and the key parameters of the model are the size and the rotation angle of the microstrip yagi antenna. The length of the director portion is 8mm and the length of the reflector portion is 13 mm. The length of the half-wave dipole antenna unit is 8.5mm, the size of the grounding surface is 39.1mm multiplied by 39.1mm, and the rotation angle of the antenna is 37 degrees.
As shown in fig. 5, the performance of the sector beam antenna unit based on the function approximation theory is analyzed, and through the phase line deflection technology, the two microstrip yagi antenna modules respectively radiate towards two different directions, and when the two antennas are fed simultaneously, directional diagrams are superposed to form the synthesis of the directional diagrams, so that the effect of the sector beam is achieved. The working frequency band of the antenna is 8.425GHz, the return loss in the bandwidth is less than 15dB, the 3dB wave beam width at the central frequency point is 134 degrees, and the gain fluctuation in +/-45 degrees is less than 0.2 dB. Therefore, the sector beam antenna unit design based on the function approximation theory disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, wide beam and the like, and can effectively reduce spatial wave coupling, reduce channel interference, alleviate multipath effect and the like.
The patent provides a method for designing a sector beam antenna unit based on a function approximation theory for the first time. According to the method, the problem that the function error of the directional diagram can be minimized by comprehensively converting the fan-shaped beam directional diagram into how to select two sub-directional diagrams is solved through a function approximation theory. The determined two sub-directional diagrams can be realized by a main beam tilting method based on a phase line deflection technology. The proposed method will be validated by a planar yagi antenna. Compared with the existing sector beam antenna implementation method, the sector beam antenna unit designed by the method only needs to use a simple PCB process, and has the advantages of small size, low cost, easy array formation and the like.
Claims (10)
1. A fan beam antenna unit based on function approximation theory, characterized in that the fan beam antenna unit is composed of a reflecting part and an antenna radiating part, wherein,
the antenna radiation part is used for forming a fan-shaped beam and comprises: a first dielectric substrate die1, and a first microstrip yagi antenna module and a second microstrip yagi antenna module etched on the first dielectric substrate die1, wherein the first microstrip yagi antenna module and the second microstrip yagi antenna module are cross-etched on two sides of the first dielectric substrate die 1;
the reflection part includes: a metal ground plane and a second dielectric substrate die2 covering the metal ground plane, wherein the metal ground plane is parallel to the ground plane and the distance between the metal ground plane and the ground plane is 0;
the antenna radiation part is vertically arranged on the upper surface of the reflection part, wherein the radiation surface of the antenna radiation part is parallel to the first dielectric substrate die 1.
2. The fan-beam antenna unit of claim 1 based on function approximation theory, wherein:
the antenna radiation part further includes a first input port P1 and a second input port P2 etched on the first dielectric substrate die 1;
the first input port P1 is connected to the first microstrip yagi antenna module;
the second input port P2 is connected to the second microstrip yagi antenna module;
the line connecting the first input port P1 and the second input port P2 is perpendicular to the first dielectric substrate die 1.
3. The sector-beam antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein:
the first microstrip yagi antenna module is composed of a first director, a first reflector and a first half-wave dipole antenna unit, wherein the first director, the first reflector and the first half-wave dipole antenna unit are arranged in parallel with each other, the first half-wave dipole antenna unit is arranged between the first director and the first reflector, and the first input port P1 is arranged between the first half-wave dipole antenna units;
the second microstrip yagi antenna module is composed of a second director, a second reflector and a second half-wave dipole antenna unit, wherein the second director, the second reflector and the second half-wave dipole antenna unit are arranged in parallel, the second half-wave dipole antenna unit is arranged between the second director and the second reflector, and the second input port P2 is arranged between the second half-wave dipole antenna unit.
4. A fan beam antenna unit based on function approximation theory according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the first director comprises at least one first director element that does not have a cross-relationship with the second microstrip yagi antenna module, wherein the first director comprises at least three of the first director elements; the second director comprises at least one second director element that does not have a cross-relationship with the first microstrip yagi antenna module, wherein the second director comprises at least three of the second director elements;
the crossing relation is symmetrical and orthogonal.
5. The sector-beam antenna unit of claim 4 based on function approximation theory, wherein:
and no contact point or contact surface exists between the first half-wave dipole antenna and the second dielectric plate.
6. The sector-beam antenna unit of claim 5 based on function approximation theory, wherein:
the working frequency band of the antenna of the fan-shaped beam antenna unit is 8.425GHz, the return loss in the bandwidth is less than 15dB, the 3dB beam width at the central frequency point is 134 DEG, and the gain fluctuation in +/-45 DEG is less than 0.2 dB.
7. The sector-beam antenna unit of claim 6 based on function approximation theory, wherein:
the size of the sector beam antenna unit is 20mm multiplied by 16.75mm multiplied by 1.6 mm;
the first dielectric substrate die1 and the second dielectric substrate die2 are made of glass fiber epoxy resin materials, and the dielectric constant is 4.4;
the first input port P1, the second input port P2 and the metal ground plane are made of metal copper materials, and the thickness of each metal copper material is 0.035 mm;
the lengths of the first director and the second director are both 8 mm;
the lengths of the first reflector and the second reflector are both 13 mm;
the lengths of the first half-wave dipole antenna unit and the second half-wave dipole antenna unit are both 8.5 mm;
the size of the metal grounding surface is 39.1mm multiplied by 39.1 mm;
the antenna rotation angle is 37 °.
8. The sector-beam antenna unit according to any of claims 1-7, wherein said sector-beam antenna unit is prepared by a method comprising:
decomposing a fan-shaped beam pattern of the fan-shaped beam into a first sub-pattern and a second sub-pattern, wherein the fan-shaped beam pattern is generated after the first sub-pattern and the second sub-pattern are superposed;
acquiring a minimum value of an error generated during superposition according to the first sub-direction graph and the second sub-direction graph;
based on the minimum value, two sub-direction patterns for generating the fan-shaped beam pattern are acquired by a main beam deflection method.
9. The fan-beam antenna unit of claim 8 based on function approximation theory, wherein:
in the process of obtaining the minimum value of the error, based on a fan-shaped directional diagram function of the fan-shaped beam directional diagram, obtaining the error and the minimum value of the error by obtaining a main beam direction and a 3-dB beam width respectively corresponding to the first sub-directional diagram and the second sub-directional diagram according to sub-directional diagram functions of the first sub-directional diagram and the second sub-directional diagram.
10. The fan beam antenna unit of claim 9 based on function approximation theory, wherein:
in the process of obtaining the minimum value, the expression of the error is as follows:
f(θ)≈f1(θ)+f2(θ)
e＝||f(θ)-(f1(θ)+f2(θ))||∞
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
where f (θ) is a fan pattern function, f1(theta) and f2(theta) are respectively two sub-direction diagram functions, and the main beam direction and the 3-dB beam width corresponding to the two sub-direction diagrams are respectively thetai，θi+π/(4×ai) And (i is 1 and 2), e represents an error, and a vector norm is selected.
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