CN114595553A - Construction method and application of dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical leakage diffusion model - Google Patents

Construction method and application of dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical leakage diffusion model Download PDF

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CN114595553A
CN114595553A CN202111653914.4A CN202111653914A CN114595553A CN 114595553 A CN114595553 A CN 114595553A CN 202111653914 A CN202111653914 A CN 202111653914A CN 114595553 A CN114595553 A CN 114595553A
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CN114595553B (en
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孙俊川
李淑江
腾飞
高秀敏
王永刚
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First Institute of Oceanography MNR
Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Development Center
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Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Development Center
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of warehouse logistics and discloses a construction method and application of a dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical leakage diffusion model, after a dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical leaks into the sea, the dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical is quickly dissolved in seawater and is transported and diffused in the sea in a three-dimensional motion mode, the hazardous chemical on the surface layer of the sea volatilizes into the atmosphere at a certain speed, so that the concentration of the hazardous chemical on the surface layer is attenuated, and the volatilized hazardous chemical enters into the atmosphere bottom layer and is further transported and diffused in the atmosphere in a three-dimensional mode; the model is embedded into an atmosphere-ocean coupling mode system, numerical simulation of transportation and diffusion of the dissolved-volatile hazardous chemical substances in the ocean and the atmosphere after leakage is achieved, and simulation results comprise three-dimensional concentration distribution and time change of the hazardous chemical substances in the ocean and the atmosphere after leakage.

Description

Construction method and application of dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical substance leakage diffusion model
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of storage logistics, and particularly relates to a method for constructing a soluble and volatile hazardous chemical substance leakage diffusion model, a storage medium for receiving a user input program, a computer program product stored on a computer readable medium, and application of the model in marine transportation of hazardous chemical substances.
Background
In general, hazardous chemicals are transported in liquid form on the sea, but after leaking into the sea, the hazardous chemicals have different movement forms due to different properties such as density, solubility, volatility and the like. Generally, the dangers with similar properties are mainly in a certain main movement form, and the current leakage diffusion types of the dangers at sea mainly comprise 4 types: (1) water-insoluble, transporting and diffusing in two dimensions on the water surface, such as oil substances; (2) easily soluble in water, uniformly distributed in water body, transported and diffused in three-dimensional form, including various inorganic acids and alkalis; (3) insoluble in water and having a specific gravity greater than or close to that of water, and is deposited on the bottom of water or suspended in a water body for transportation, such as chlorobenzene; (4) high volatility, and can be directly transferred into atmosphere for diffusion, such as liquid ammonia. Then, according to the four types of movement forms, the marine hazardous chemical substances are correspondingly of four types, namely a drift type, a dissolution type, a suspension type and a volatile type (see table 1).
TABLE 1 summary of hazardous chemicals model
Figure BDA0003447741440000011
Figure BDA0003447741440000021
The first three models are basically coupled in a module form in an ocean mode (such as regional ocean modes of ROMS, FVOM and the like), wherein a particle (floats) module is adopted in a sea surface drift type and a suspension transport type, and an inert tracer (tracer) module is mostly adopted in a dissolving diffusion type. And the volatile type is basically coupled in an atmosphere mode in the form of a tracer module, such as an inert tracer (passive tracer) module in a WRF mode and various pollutant modules in a WRF-chem mode.
The previous researches are mainly based on the four models, numerical simulation work of leakage of drifting type, suspension type and dissolving type hazardous chemicals is carried out by independently adopting an ocean mode, or numerical simulation work of leakage of volatile hazardous chemicals is carried out by independently adopting an atmospheric mode, and the simulation condition is single. In the event of a real hazardous chemical leakage, there are types of hazardous chemicals that may have volatility at the surface of the sea. For example, styrene belongs to sea surface drift type hazardous chemicals, but is volatile at the same time. Hazardous chemicals such as liquid ammonia and condensate oil belong to dissolved hazardous chemicals, but are volatile on the sea surface. Therefore, consideration is given to the co-transport and diffusion of hazardous chemicals in the sea and in the atmosphere after they leak into the sea. For example, in the event of leakage of the heroic wheel at the estuary in 4 months in 2001, a large amount of styrene is leaked by the heroic wheel, floats on the sea surface, and is continuously diffused on the sea surface along with the flow of seawater to pollute the estuary sea area, and is continuously volatilized to enter the atmosphere to pollute the atmosphere around the leakage area. In the event of the Sangji wheel in 2018, 1 month, the Sangji wheel sinks into the sea and carries a large amount of condensate oil, and the condensate oil is light oil, can be dissolved in water, can be quickly volatilized on the sea surface after entering the water and is easily weathered naturally. Domestic and foreign researches show that the volatile amount of condensate oil reaches 99% approximately after about 5 hours; within 24 hours, the volatile was almost complete. Therefore, the condensate oil leaked after the Sanchi wheel is sunk is transported and diffused in a three-dimensional mode in seawater, and when the condensate oil vertically moves to the surface layer of the ocean, the condensate oil can be quickly volatilized into the atmosphere, so that the condensate oil can drift and diffuse in the atmosphere.
The dangerous chemical substance leakage process is simply summarized as follows: after leaking into the sea, the hazardous chemical substances are quickly dissolved in the sea water, transported and diffused in the sea, and the hazardous chemical substances reaching the surface layer of the sea volatilize at a certain speed and enter the bottom layer of the atmosphere, so that the hazardous chemical substances are transported and diffused in the atmosphere in a three-dimensional manner. At present, a single hazardous chemical substance leakage model is difficult to depict the hazardous chemical substance leakage transportation diffusion process of the hazardous chemical substance type sea-air interface.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the related art, the disclosed embodiments of the present invention provide a method for constructing a diffusion model of easily soluble and volatile hazardous chemical substance leakage, a storage medium for receiving a user input program, a computer program product stored on a computer readable medium, and an application in marine transportation of hazardous chemical substances. The technical scheme is as follows:
the method for constructing the easy-to-dissolve and volatile hazardous chemical substance leakage diffusion model comprises the following steps:
after leaking into the sea, the hazardous chemical substances which are easy to dissolve and volatilize are quickly dissolved in the sea water and transported and diffused in the sea in a three-dimensional motion mode, the hazardous chemical substances on the surface layer of the sea volatilize into the atmosphere at a certain speed to cause the concentration attenuation of the hazardous chemical substances on the surface layer, and the volatilized hazardous chemical substances enter the bottom layer of the atmosphere to be transported and diffused in the atmosphere in a three-dimensional mode;
the model is embedded into an atmosphere-ocean coupling mode system, numerical simulation of transportation and diffusion of the dissolved-volatile hazardous chemical substances in the ocean and the atmosphere after leakage is achieved, and simulation results comprise three-dimensional concentration distribution and time change of the hazardous chemical substances in the ocean and the atmosphere after leakage.
In one embodiment, the diffusion equation of the ocean surface for three-dimensional diffusion of dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemicals is:
Figure BDA0003447741440000041
wherein t is time; x, y, z spatial position coordinates; u, v and w are flow velocity components (m/s) in the directions of x, y and z; kxSwirl diffusion coefficient (m) in x-direction2/s)；KyVortex diffusion coefficient (m) in y-direction2/s)；KzThe vortex diffusion coefficient (m) in the z direction2/s)；vθIs the molecular diffusion coefficient (m)2S); c is the concentration (g/m) of pollutants in the water body3)；FCIs a strong source of contaminants (g/m)3·s)，DCIs the dissipative term (g/m) of the contaminant3S), reduced VC1Concentration reduction caused by volatilization of dangerous chemicals on ocean surface (vollatilization effect)In units of g/m3·s)。
In one embodiment, the diffusion equation of the atmospheric bottom layer in the three-dimensional diffusion of the dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical is as follows:
Figure BDA0003447741440000042
increased VC2The volatile hazardous chemical substances in the sea enter the atmosphere to cause the concentration of the hazardous chemical substances to increase (in g/m)3·s)。
In one embodiment, the three-dimensional diffusion equation for the solution-volatile hazardous chemical is as follows:
Figure BDA0003447741440000043
in one embodiment, the diffusion equation for the upper atmosphere for three-dimensional diffusion of dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemicals is:
Figure BDA0003447741440000051
the calculation of the volatilization amount of the ocean surface layer hazardous chemical substance refers to a half-life period concentration calculation formula, and the concentration of the ocean surface layer hazardous chemical substance is C at the time ttThe volatilization half-life period of the hazardous chemical is T, dt is the calculation time step length, and the concentration of the hazardous chemical on the ocean surface layer is T + dt at the moment of T + dt
Figure BDA0003447741440000052
The amount of the hazardous chemical substances volatilized in the single grid is as follows:
Figure BDA0003447741440000053
wherein h is the thickness of the ocean surface layer;
the volatile danger article in ocean top layer all enters into the atmosphere bottom because atmosphere bottom thickness is generally inconsistent with ocean top layer thickness, therefore atmosphere bottom danger article concentration increases to be:
Figure BDA0003447741440000054
wherein H is the thickness of the ocean surface layer and H is the thickness of the atmospheric bottom layer.
In one embodiment, after the dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical substance model is constructed, the model is embedded into an atmosphere-ocean coupling mode system, and the specific flow is as follows:
step one, in a WRF mode, enabling a passiVe concentrator module option;
step two, in a WRF mode, adding a pollutant variable defined as tracer _ atm;
step three, in a WRF mode, increasing evaporation variables of the marine surface pollutants, which are defined as ctracers;
step four, in the ROMS mode, a passive tracker module option is started;
step five, in the ROMS mode, adding a pollutant variable defined as tracer _ oc;
step six, in a calculation program of the Tracer _ oc in the ROMS mode, a volatilization attenuation item is added to the Tracer _ oc of the surface layer, and the Tracer _ oc of the ocean surface layer is continuously attenuated along with the increase of the time step;
seventhly, in the MCT coupler, transmitting the amount of tracer _ oc volatilization of the surface layer in the ROMS mode to a ctracer variable;
step eight, in a Tracer _ atm calculation module in a WRF mode, reading a ctracer variable from a coupler when calculating the tracer _ atm of the bottommost layer in each time step, and enabling the tracer _ atm to be tracer _ atm + ctracer so as to realize calculation of the hazardous chemical substances volatilized from the ocean surface layer entering the atmospheric bottom layer;
step nine, adding an output item in the WRF mode: tracer _ atm and ctracer.
In one embodiment, after the code is transplanted, the mode coupling calculation process realizes that the dissolving-volatilizing type hazardous chemical substance is transported and diffused in the ocean in a three-dimensional motion mode after entering the ocean, the hazardous chemical substance on the surface layer of the ocean volatilizes at a certain speed to cause the concentration attenuation of the hazardous chemical substance on the surface layer, and the volatilized hazardous chemical substance enters the bottom layer of the atmosphere and is transported and diffused in the atmosphere in a three-dimensional motion mode.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a program storage medium for receiving user input, wherein a stored computer program enables an electronic device to execute a method for constructing a diffusion model of leakage of easily soluble and volatile hazardous chemical substances, comprising:
after leaking into the sea, the hazardous chemical substances which are easy to dissolve and volatilize are quickly dissolved in the sea water and transported and diffused in the sea in a three-dimensional motion mode, the hazardous chemical substances on the surface layer of the sea volatilize into the atmosphere at a certain speed to cause the concentration attenuation of the hazardous chemical substances on the surface layer, and the volatilized hazardous chemical substances enter the bottom layer of the atmosphere to be transported and diffused in the atmosphere in a three-dimensional mode;
the model is embedded into an atmosphere-ocean coupling mode system, numerical simulation of transportation and diffusion of the dissolved-volatile hazardous chemical substances in the ocean and the atmosphere after leakage is achieved, and simulation results comprise three-dimensional concentration distribution and time change of the hazardous chemical substances in the ocean and the atmosphere after leakage.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer program product stored on a computer readable medium, which includes a computer readable program for providing a user input interface to implement the method for constructing the easily dissolved and volatilized hazardous chemical leakage diffusion model when the computer program product is executed on an electronic device.
The invention also aims to provide application of the method for constructing the easy-to-dissolve and volatile hazardous chemical substance leakage diffusion model in marine transportation of hazardous chemical substances.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
at present, simulation prediction for marine hazardous chemical substance leakage is limited in simulation situations, and only simulation prediction can be carried out for single-type (drift type, suspension type, dissolution type and volatilization type) hazardous chemical substance leakage events, wherein numerical simulation work for drift type, suspension type and dissolution type hazardous chemical substance leakage is carried out by independently adopting an ocean mode, or numerical simulation work for volatile hazardous chemical substances is carried out by independently adopting an atmospheric mode. In a real dangerous chemical leakage event, dangerous chemicals have various attributes, such as liquid ammonia, condensate oil and the like, belong to dissolved dangerous chemicals, are dissolved in seawater, are transported and diffused under the action of ocean current, and are simultaneously volatilized on a sea surface to enter the atmosphere and diffuse in the atmosphere. The single atmospheric dangerous chemical leakage simulation and marine dangerous chemical simulation can only simulate the transportation and diffusion of the leaked dangerous chemical in the atmosphere or the sea, and cannot consider the process of continuously volatilizing the dangerous chemical to the atmosphere in the marine transportation process, namely, for the atmospheric dangerous chemical simulation, a leakage area source continuously moving dynamically exists. Therefore, the co-transport and diffusion of the compound hazardous chemical in the sea and the atmosphere after the compound hazardous chemical leaks into the sea need to be considered. The invention constructs a leakage diffusion model of a dissolving-volatile hazardous chemical, after the hazardous chemical leaks into the sea, the hazardous chemical is quickly dissolved in seawater and is transported and diffused in the sea in a three-dimensional motion mode, and the hazardous chemical on the surface layer of the sea volatilizes at a certain speed and enters the atmosphere to be transported and diffused in the atmosphere. Further, the model is embedded into an atmosphere-ocean coupling mode system, ideal case simulation is carried out, and numerical simulation of transportation and diffusion of the dissolved-volatile hazardous chemical in the ocean and the atmosphere after leakage is achieved. The model mainly aims at the working condition that hazardous chemicals are drifted and diffused after entering the sea and are volatilized into the atmosphere at the same time, has better innovation and practical application value, and has more accurate process portrayal for evaluating the influence of the dissolved-volatilized hazardous chemicals on the marine environment and the atmospheric environment after leaking into the sea.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical leakage diffusion model provided in an embodiment of the invention.
Wherein, S,
Figure BDA0003447741440000081
The sub-tables represent ocean vertical stratification and atmospheric vertical stratification, H represents the thickness of the lowest atmosphere layer, and H represents the thickness of the highest ocean layer.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the time variation of evaporation amount and residual amount in the sea of the dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical substances provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an ideal case simulation provided by the embodiment of the present invention, in which the black square region is a schematic diagram of a dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical leakage region.
FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating simulated concentration profiles at various times after a dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical leak, according to an embodiment of the present invention; the left figure is the ocean surface layer, and the right figure is the atmosphere bottom layer;
wherein a is a concentration distribution diagram of a simulated dissolved-volatile hazardous chemical substance on the ocean mode surface layer and the atmospheric mode bottom layer after 24 hours of leakage; b is a concentration distribution diagram of the simulated dissolved-volatile hazardous chemical on the ocean mode surface layer and the atmospheric mode bottom layer after 48 hours of leakage; c is a concentration distribution diagram of the simulated dissolved-volatile dangerous chemicals on the ocean mode surface layer and the atmospheric mode bottom layer after 96 hours of leakage; d is the concentration distribution diagram of the simulated dissolved-volatile hazardous chemical on the ocean mode surface layer and the atmospheric mode bottom layer after 192 hours of leakage.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a simulated dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical model embedded in an atmosphere-ocean coupling mode system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms than those specifically described herein, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many more modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. As used herein, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to represent the only embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The invention constructs a method for constructing a model for leakage and diffusion of easily soluble and volatile hazardous chemicals, after the easily soluble and volatile hazardous chemicals leak into the sea, the easily soluble and volatile hazardous chemicals are quickly dissolved in seawater and transported and diffused in the sea in a three-dimensional motion mode, and the hazardous chemicals on the surface layer of the sea volatilize into the atmosphere at a certain speed and are further transported and diffused in the atmosphere. The model is embedded into an atmosphere-ocean coupling mode system, numerical simulation of transportation and diffusion of dissolved-volatile hazardous chemicals in the ocean and the atmosphere after leakage is achieved, and the simulation result mainly comprises three-dimensional concentration distribution and time change of the hazardous chemicals in the ocean and the atmosphere after leakage.
As shown in fig. 1, after the dangerous chemical substance leaks from the ocean, the dangerous chemical substance is rapidly dissolved in seawater and is transported and diffused in the ocean in a three-dimensional motion mode, the dangerous chemical substance on the surface layer of the ocean volatilizes at a certain speed, so that the concentration of the dangerous chemical substance on the surface layer is attenuated, and the volatilized dangerous chemical substance enters the atmospheric bottom layer and is further transported and diffused in the atmosphere in a three-dimensional mode. The three-dimensional diffusion equation of the dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical is as follows:
1. ocean surface layer:
Figure BDA0003447741440000101
wherein t is time; x, y, z spatial position coordinates; u, v and w are flow velocity components (m/s) in the directions of x, y and z; kxSwirl diffusion coefficient (m) in x-direction2/s)；KyVortex diffusion coefficient (m) in y-direction2/s)；KzVortex diffusion coefficient (m) in z direction2/s)；vθIs the molecular diffusion coefficient (m)2S); c is the concentration (g/m) of pollutants in the water body3)；FCIs a strong source of contaminants (g/m)3·s)，DCIs the dissipative term (g/m) of the contaminant3S), reduced VC1Concentration reduction caused by volatilization of dangerous chemicals on the surface layer of the ocean (vollatilization effect, unit is g/m)3·s)
2. Atmosphere bottom layer:
Figure BDA0003447741440000111
increased VC2The volatile hazardous chemical substances in the sea enter the atmosphere to cause the concentration of the hazardous chemical substances to increase (in g/m)3·s)
3. Ocean lower layer:
Figure BDA0003447741440000112
4. an upper atmosphere layer:
Figure BDA0003447741440000113
wherein the calculation of the volatilization amount of the ocean surface layer hazardous chemical substance refers to a half-life period concentration calculation formula, and the concentration of the ocean surface layer hazardous chemical substance is C at the moment ttWhen the volatilization half-life period of the hazardous chemical is T, the T + dt moment (dt is the calculation time step length) is obtained, and the concentration of the hazardous chemical on the ocean surface layer is
Figure BDA0003447741440000114
The amount of the hazardous chemical substances volatilized in the single grid is as follows:
Figure BDA0003447741440000115
where h is the thickness of the ocean surface. The volatile danger article in ocean top layer all enters into the atmosphere bottom because atmosphere bottom thickness is generally inconsistent with ocean top layer thickness, therefore atmosphere bottom danger article concentration increases to be:
Figure BDA0003447741440000116
wherein H is the thickness of the ocean surface layer and H is the thickness of the atmospheric bottom layer.
FIG. 2 shows the ideal time-varying graphs of the evaporation amount and the residual amount of the dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical, wherein the half-life period is set to 12 hours, the time calculation step is 1 minute, the calculation time is 120 hours, and the initial concentration is set to 100.
After the dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical substance model is constructed, the model is embedded into an atmosphere-ocean coupling mode system (a COAWST mode which is composed of a WRF atmosphere mode and an ROMS ocean mode), and the specific flow is as follows:
s101, enabling a passive tracker module option in a WRF mode;
s102, adding a pollutant variable (defined as tracer-atm) in a WRF mode;
s103, increasing the evaporation variable (defined as ctracer) of the marine surface pollutant in a WRF mode;
s104, enabling a passive tracker module option in the ROMS mode;
s105, adding a pollutant variable (defined as tracerOc) in the ROMS mode;
s106, in a program for calculating the tracer _ oc in the ROMS mode, a volatilization attenuation item is added to the tracer _ oc of the surface layer, and the tracer _ oc of the ocean surface layer is continuously attenuated along with the increase of the time step;
s107, in the MCT coupler, transmitting the amount of concentrator _ oc volatilization of the surface layer in the ROMS mode to a ctracer variable;
s108, in the Tracer _ atm calculation module in the WRF mode, when calculating the bottom layer of the Tracer _ atm in each time step, reading the ctracer variable from the coupler, and making the Tracer _ atm be Tracer _ atm + ctracer. And calculating the dangerous chemicals volatilized from the surface layer of the ocean from the atmosphere bottom layer.
S109, adding an output item in a WRF mode: tracer _ atm and ctracer.
After the code is transplanted, the mode coupling calculation process realizes that after the dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical substances enter the sea, the dissolution is rapidly transported and diffused in the sea in a three-dimensional motion mode, the hazardous chemical substances on the surface layer of the sea volatilize at a certain speed, so that the concentration of the hazardous chemical substances on the surface layer is attenuated, and the volatilized hazardous chemical substances enter the atmosphere bottom layer and are transported and diffused in the atmosphere in a three-dimensional motion mode.
Case simulation:
after the dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical substances are implanted into the atmosphere-ocean coupling mode, ideal case simulation is carried out for testing the simulation effect of the model, assuming that the dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical substance leakage event occurs in the Taiwan east black tide area, the release position of the hazardous chemical substances is shown in figure 3, the hazardous chemical substances are uniformly released from the surface to the bottom, the initial concentration is 100, the simulation time is 2018, 1 month and 1 day, and the simulation time is 9 days.
Fig. 4 shows the concentration distributions at the surface layer in marine mode and the bottom layer in atmospheric mode at different times after the simulated dissolution-volatilization type hazardous chemical leaks. As can be seen from the left chart of fig. 4, after the hazardous chemical substance leaks, the hazardous chemical substance on the ocean surface layer expands in the northeast direction along with the flow of the black tide, the concentration is continuously reduced due to the dissolution and diffusion in the ocean and the volatilization of the surface layer, and the black tide flow axis is depicted by the distribution of the ocean surface layer hazardous chemical substance at the 192 th hour. As can be seen from the right row of fig. 4, the hazardous chemical substances on the surface layer of the ocean continuously volatilize into the bottom layer of the atmosphere in the process of drifting along with the ocean current, and then drift and diffuse in the atmosphere, and the hazardous chemical substances drift and diffuse in different directions along with the change of the wind field, for example, in the 24 th simulated hour, the pollutants volatilized into the atmosphere first drift to the northeast of taiwan province to the west, and then turn to the southwest; when the time is 48 hours, the dangerous chemicals drifting to the south of Taiwan drift to the northwest and enter the upper part of Guangdong province; and at the 96 th hour, the wind direction is changed to the northwest, so that the dangerous chemicals on the ocean surface layer mainly drift to the northwest, the concentration of the dangerous chemicals volatilized before is reduced to be lower, at the 192 th hour, the dangerous chemicals on the ocean surface layer are distributed along the main axis of the black tide, and the volatilized dangerous chemicals mainly drift and diffuse to the southwest along the main axis of the black tide due to the northwest wind.
The invention discloses a method for constructing an easily soluble and volatile hazardous chemical substance leakage diffusion model. Further, the model is embedded into an atmosphere-ocean coupling mode system, ideal case simulation is carried out, and numerical simulation of transportation and diffusion of the dissolved-volatile hazardous chemical in the ocean and the atmosphere after leakage is achieved. The model mainly aims at the working condition that hazardous chemicals are drifted and diffused after entering the sea and are volatilized into the atmosphere at the same time, has better innovation and practical application value, and has more accurate process portrayal for evaluating the influence of the dissolved-volatilized hazardous chemicals on the marine environment and the atmospheric environment after leaking into the sea.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure should be limited only by the attached claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method for constructing a soluble and volatile hazardous chemical substance leakage diffusion model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
after leaking into the sea, the hazardous chemical substances which are easy to dissolve and volatilize are quickly dissolved in the sea water and transported and diffused in the sea in a three-dimensional motion mode, the hazardous chemical substances on the surface layer of the sea volatilize into the atmosphere to cause the concentration attenuation of the hazardous chemical substances on the surface layer, and the volatilized hazardous chemical substances enter into the atmosphere bottom layer to be transported and diffused in the atmosphere in a three-dimensional mode;
the model is embedded into an atmosphere-ocean coupling mode system, numerical simulation of transportation and diffusion of the dissolved-volatile hazardous chemical in the ocean and the atmosphere after leakage is achieved, and the simulation result comprises three-dimensional concentration distribution and time change of the hazardous chemical in the ocean and the atmosphere after leakage.
2. The method for constructing the easy-to-dissolve and volatile hazardous chemical leakage diffusion model according to claim 1, wherein the diffusion equation of the ocean surface layer during the three-dimensional diffusion of the dissolution-volatile hazardous chemical is as follows:
Figure FDA0003447741430000011
wherein t is time; x, y, z spatial position coordinates; u, v and w are flow velocity components (m/s) in the directions of x, y and z; kxSwirl diffusion coefficient (m) in x-direction2/s)；KyVortex diffusion coefficient (m) in y-direction2/s)；KzVortex diffusion coefficient (m) in z direction2/s)；vθIs the molecular diffusion coefficient (m)2S); c is the concentration (g/m) of pollutants in the water body3)；FCIs a strong source of pollutants (g/m)3·s)，DCIs the dissipative term (g/m) of the contaminant3S), reduced VC1Concentration reduction caused by volatilization of dangerous chemicals on the surface layer of the ocean (vollatilization effect, unit is g/m)3·s)。
3. The method for constructing the easy-to-dissolve and volatile hazardous chemical leakage diffusion model according to claim 1, wherein the diffusion equation of the atmosphere bottom layer during the three-dimensional diffusion of the dissolution-volatile hazardous chemical is as follows:
Figure FDA0003447741430000021
increased VC2The volatile hazardous chemical substances in the sea enter the atmosphere to cause the concentration of the hazardous chemical substances to increase (in g/m)3·s)。
4. The method for constructing the easy-to-dissolve and volatile hazardous chemical leakage diffusion model according to claim 1, wherein when the dissolution-volatile hazardous chemical is diffused in three dimensions, the diffusion equation of the lower ocean layer is as follows:
Figure FDA0003447741430000022
5. the method for constructing the easy-to-dissolve and volatile hazardous chemical leakage diffusion model according to claim 1, wherein when the dissolution-volatile hazardous chemical is diffused in three dimensions, the diffusion equation of the upper atmosphere is as follows:
Figure FDA0003447741430000023
the calculation of the volatilization amount of the ocean surface layer hazardous chemical substance refers to a half-life period concentration calculation formula, and the concentration of the ocean surface layer hazardous chemical substance is C at the time ttThe volatilization half-life period of the hazardous chemical is T, dt is the calculation time step length, and the concentration of the hazardous chemical on the ocean surface layer is T + dt at the moment of T + dt
Figure FDA0003447741430000024
The amount of the hazardous chemical substances volatilized in the single grid is as follows:
Figure FDA0003447741430000025
wherein h is the thickness of the ocean surface layer;
hazardous chemicals volatilized from the surface layer of the ocean enter the bottom layer of the atmosphere,because the thickness of the atmosphere bottom layer is generally inconsistent with the thickness of the ocean surface layer, the concentration of dangerous chemicals in the atmosphere bottom layer is increased as follows:
Figure FDA0003447741430000026
wherein H is the thickness of the ocean surface layer and H is the thickness of the atmospheric bottom layer.
6. The method for constructing the easy-to-dissolve and volatile hazardous chemical leakage diffusion model according to claim 1, wherein after the dissolution-volatile hazardous chemical model is constructed, the model is embedded into an atmosphere-ocean coupling mode system, and the specific process is as follows:
step one, in a WRF mode, a passive tracker module option is enabled;
step two, in a WRF mode, adding a pollutant variable defined as tracer _ atm;
step three, in a WRF mode, increasing evaporation variables of the marine surface pollutants, which are defined as ctracers;
step four, in the ROMS mode, a passive tracker module option is started;
step five, in the ROMS mode, adding a pollutant variable defined as tracer _ oc;
step six, in a calculation program of the Tracer _ oc in the ROMS mode, a volatilization attenuation item is added to the Tracer _ oc of the surface layer, and the Tracer _ oc of the ocean surface layer is continuously attenuated along with the increase of the time step;
seventhly, in the MCT coupler, transmitting the amount of tracer _ oc volatilization of the surface layer in the ROMS mode to a ctracer variable;
step eight, in a Tracer _ atm calculation module in a WRF mode, reading a ctracer variable from a coupler when calculating the tracer _ atm of the bottommost layer in each time step, and enabling the tracer _ atm to be tracer _ atm + ctracer so as to realize calculation of the hazardous chemical substances volatilized from the ocean surface layer entering the atmospheric bottom layer;
step nine, adding an output item in the WRF mode: tracer _ atm and ctracer.
7. The method for constructing the easy-to-dissolve and volatile hazardous chemical leakage diffusion model according to claim 6, further comprising after the code transplantation is completed, the mode coupling calculation process realizes that the dissolution-volatile hazardous chemical is transported and diffused in the ocean in a three-dimensional motion form after entering the ocean, while the hazardous chemical on the surface layer of the ocean volatilizes at a certain rate to cause the concentration of the hazardous chemical on the surface layer to be attenuated, and the volatilized hazardous chemical enters the atmospheric bottom layer to be transported and diffused in the atmosphere in a three-dimensional motion form.
8. A program storage medium for receiving user input, wherein the stored computer program causes an electronic device to execute the method for constructing the diffusion model of the easily soluble and volatile hazardous chemical leakage according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
after leaking into the sea, the hazardous chemical substances which are easy to dissolve and volatilize are quickly dissolved in the sea water and transported and diffused in the sea in a three-dimensional motion mode, the hazardous chemical substances on the surface layer of the sea volatilize into the atmosphere at a certain speed to cause the concentration attenuation of the hazardous chemical substances on the surface layer, and the volatilized hazardous chemical substances enter the bottom layer of the atmosphere to be transported and diffused in the atmosphere in a three-dimensional mode;
the model is embedded into an atmosphere-ocean coupling mode system, numerical simulation of transportation and diffusion of the dissolved-volatile hazardous chemical substances in the ocean and the atmosphere after leakage is achieved, and simulation results comprise three-dimensional concentration distribution and time change of the hazardous chemical substances in the ocean and the atmosphere after leakage.
9. A computer program product stored on a computer readable medium, comprising a computer readable program for providing a user input interface to implement the method for constructing the easily dissolved and volatilized hazardous chemical leakage diffusion model of any one of claims 1-7 when executed on an electronic device.
10. Use of the method for constructing the model for diffusion of leakage of easily soluble and volatile hazardous chemicals according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for marine transportation of hazardous chemicals.
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