CN114594147A - Handheld chemical resistance detector and application thereof - Google Patents
Handheld chemical resistance detector and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114594147A CN114594147A CN202210268121.9A CN202210268121A CN114594147A CN 114594147 A CN114594147 A CN 114594147A CN 202210268121 A CN202210268121 A CN 202210268121A CN 114594147 A CN114594147 A CN 114594147A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
Abstract
The invention relates to a handheld chemical resistance detector and application thereof. The handheld chemical resistance detector provided by the invention considers the characteristics of the nano-structure chemical resistance array sensor in design; the method not only integrates the measurement precision requirement and the whole device cost, but also fully utilizes the circuit design principle, and further improves the measurement precision of the absolute resistance by selecting a high cost performance device. The detector provided by the invention can be used for detecting VOCs, and the result shows that the detector provided by the invention not only has the performances of strong anti-interference capability, good stability under high resistance and the like, but also has the advantages of capability of measuring very small resistance change, high durability and the like. In addition, the hand-held chemical resistance detector provided by the invention has the advantages of short starting time and good portability (the physical size is only 70 multiplied by 25 multiplied by 200 mm)3Also of weight only 350g) And low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of analytical science instruments, and particularly relates to a handheld chemical resistance detector and application thereof in VOCs gas detection.
Background
Currently, nanostructured sensing membranes have found widespread use in the field of chemiresistor sensors, but an important challenge in environmental sensing and healthcare applications is how to improve the ability to integrate nanostructured sensing elements into portable electronics to achieve more convenient point-of-care sensing or point-of-care. However, most of the existing methods focus on CMOS processes, i.e., Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology is used to detect the change in resistance and thereby improve the resolution of the resistive digital circuit. In the design aspect of related microelectronic circuit boards, research work on the aspect of realizing durable and reliable performance by coupling of nano-structure chemical resistor arrays is very little; this is because the integration of nanostructured chemical resistance sensors into array devices for coupling not only needs to satisfy high sensitivity and fast response, but also needs low power consumption and high durability. The sensor integrated by the nanoparticle molecular connection thin film component on the interdigitated microelectrode platform can effectively improve the sensitivity, selectivity, detection limit and response time of detection due to the characteristics of the sensor in the aspects of size, composition, functional group, spatial characteristic and the like, so that the potential application of the sensor in medical care and environmental monitoring becomes possible.
However, in order to enable the application of the nanostructured chemical resistance sensor array in the real-time detection or real-time medical treatment, the high stability of the sensing interface is crucial for the device design, besides having specific requirements in terms of portability, multi-channel capability, measurement range, and auto-lock. The key to achieving these properties is how to design an electronic board that can efficiently couple nanostructured chemiresistive arrays with low excitation current and low power consumption to minimize the instability inherent in chemiresistive sensors.
The references are as follows:
[1]G.Konvalina,H.Haick,Sensors for Breath Testing:From Nanomaterials to Comprehensive Disease Detection,Acc.Chem.Res.47(2014)66-76.
[2]Y.Milyutin,M.Abud-Hawa,V.Kloper-Weidenfeld,E.Mansour,Y.Y.Broza,G.Shani,H.Haick,Fabricating and Printing Chemiresistors Based on Monolayer-Capped Metal Nanoparticles,Nat.Protoc.16(2021)2968–2990.
[3]H.W.Cheng,S.Yan,G.Shang,S.Wang,C.J.Zhong,Strain Sensors Fabricated by Surface Assembly of Nanoparticles,Biosens.Bioelectron.186(2021)113268-113281.
[4]X.Mu,E.Covington,D.Rairigh,C.Kurdak,E.Zellers,A.J.Mason,CMOS Monolithic Nanoparticle-Coated Chemiresistor Array for Micro-Scale Gas Chromatography,IEEE Sens.J.12(2012)2444-2452.
[5]Z.Cai,L.E.Rueda Guerrero,A.M.R.Louwerse,H.Suy,R.van Veldhoven,K.A.A.Makinwa,M.A.P.Pertijs,A CMOS Readout Circuit for Resistive Transducers Based on Algorithmic Resistance and Power Measurement,IEEE Sens.J.17(2017)7917-7927.
[6]C.L.Chang,S.W.Chiu,K.T.Tang,An ADC-Free Adaptive Interface Circuit of Resistive Sensor for Electronic Nose System,Annu.Int.Conf.IEEE Eng.Med.Biol.Soc.1(2013)2012-2015.
[7]S.W.Chiu,K.T.Tang,Towards a Chemiresistive Sensor-Integrated Electronic Nose:A Review,Sensors.13(2013)14214-14247.
[8]X.Mu,D.Rairigh,A.J.Mason,125ppm Resolution and 120dB Dynamic Range Nanoparticle Chemiresistor Array Readout Circuit,IEEE Int.Symp.Circuits Syst.1(2011)2213-2216.
[9]L.Han,D.R.Daniel,M.M.Maye,C.J.Zhong,Core-Shell Nanostructured Nanoparticle Films as Chemically-Sensitive Interfaces,Anal.Chem.73(2001)4441-4449.
[10]L.Wang,X.Shi,N.N.Kariuki,M.Schadt,G.R.Wang,Q.Rendeng,J.Choi,J.Luo,S.Lu,C.J.Zhong,Array of Molecularly-Mediated Thin Film Assemblies of Nanoparticles:Correlation of Vapor Sensing with Interparticle Spatial Properties,J.Am.Chem.Soc.129(2007)2161-2170.
[11]W.Zhao,J.Luo,S.Shan,J.P.Lombardi,Y.Xu,K.Cartwright,S.Lu,M.Poliks,C.J.Zhong,Nanoparticle-Structured Highly Sensitive and Anisotropic Gauge Sensors,Small 11(2015)4509-4516.
disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a hand-held chemiresistive detector, the chemiresistive detector comprising:
the sensor module is used for detecting VOCs gas; the sensor consists of an interdigital microelectrode and a nano gold film electrode;
a chemiresistor array module for measuring resistance change (Δ R) of the sensor nano-structure chemiresistor array; wherein a basic model of the module consists of 8, 16, 24 or 32 channels, and the measuring range of each channel is subdivided into 16 ranges;
a display device for displaying a resistance value of the sensor;
the microcontroller is used for connecting the chemical resistance array module, the sensor module and the measuring equipment; the microcontroller is also used for calculating the resistance value.
Preferably, the nanostructured chemical resistance array measures a resistance variation in the range of 30 Ω to 300M Ω.
Preferably, the chemiresistor array can automatically search channels and determine the resistance range according to the initial resistance value (Ri) of the sensor in each channel.
Preferably, the channels of the chemiresistor array are configured as a modular array for a target sensor array interface; the chemiresistor array uses a multiplexer; the output voltage signal of the sensor resistance measured by each channel in the chemiresistor array is sent to an analog-to-digital converter.
Preferably, the interdigitated microelectrodes are patterned by photolithographic techniques.
Preferably, the particle size of the gold nanoparticles in the nano-gold thin film electrode is 2-5 nm; the gold nanoparticles are encapsulated with organic linker molecules.
Preferably, the organic linker molecule is one of 1, 6-hexanedithiol, 1,4-butanedithiol, 1,8-octanedithiol, 1, 5-pentanethiol, 1,9-nonanedithiol, decanethiol or 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid.
Preferably, the display device is one of an embedded liquid crystal screen, a computer, a mobile phone or a tablet computer.
The hand-held chemical resistance detector is applied to the detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) gas.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the hand-held chemical resistance detector (HCD) provided by the invention considers the characteristics of the nano-structure chemical resistance array sensor in design, and integrates the measurement precision requirement and the whole device cost; the circuit design principle is fully utilized, and the measurement precision of the absolute resistance is further improved by selecting a high cost performance device; this is because proper selection of electronic components is critical to efficiently accommodate battery power and to meet low current and low power requirements while minimizing the inherent instability of chemical sensors. Furthermore, there is also a key design feature to employ fast acquisition of the resistance of different sensor elements across several orders of magnitude, as will be explained in detail in the examples section.
Compared with the prior art, the gain effect of the invention is as follows:
(1) the handheld chemical resistance detector provided by the invention enhances the anti-interference capability and the stability under high resistance, and has the capability of measuring very small resistance change.
(2) The low open circuit voltage and damage to the sensor of the hand-held chemical resistance detector provided by the present invention is negligible (note: after at least one year of operation, there is no indication that the electronics are "malfunctioning").
(3) The hand-held chemical resistance detector provided by the invention has short start-up time (less than 2 minutes).
(4) The hand-held chemical resistance detector provided by the invention also has good portability (the physical size is only 70 multiplied by 25 multiplied by 200 mm)3The weight is only 350g) and the cost is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a hand-held chemical resistance detector (HCD) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of typical resistance response of an 8-sensor array of an embodiment of the present invention to various concentrations of hexane vapor.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a hand-held chemical resistance detector (HCD) according to an embodiment of the present invention, here an 8-channel detector is taken as an example, where 2-7 channels are similar to 1 and 8 channels and are replaced by ellipses. As shown in fig. 1: corresponding within the dashed outline are different input channels; each channel includes a latch (latch), a filter (filter) constant current source (a), and a modular nanostructured chemiresistor array and an array of target sensors connected thereto. In addition, the detector also comprises a Multiplexer (MUX), an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a computer interface (interface) and a power supply; the input voltage of the power supply is 4.5V, and the output voltage is 5V and 3.3V respectively. Thus, the output voltage signal of the sensor resistor measured by each channel is sent to the analog-to-digital converter after passing through the multiplexer, and the resistance value is calculated by the microcontroller unit. The microcontroller is also connected to a keyboard (keyboard) and a ferroelectric memory (Fram). The design of the detector allows for rapid monitoring of each channel of the array sensor and transmission of the measured resistance value to a display through a microcontroller interface. The detector also provides a low dead volume flow control and mixing system (SwageIok modular platform assembly (MPC) technology).
The detector adopts a chemical resistance array coupled circuit board: the circuit board is designed for rapid measurement of resistance (R) changes of the nanostructured chemical resistance array; one of the key design considerations is that the resistances of the different sensors in the array may vary widely, even over several orders of magnitude, and therefore the measured resistance can be used to cover a wide range (30 Ω -300M Ω) depending on the resistance range of the sensors. In addition, what is moreThe circuit board adopts an upgradable module design: one basic model of module consists of 8 channels (as shown in fig. 1) and can be modified to extend to 16, 24 or 32 channels as needed. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the resistance change ratio (Δ R/R), the measurement range of each channel may be subdivided into 16 ranges. Specifically, the circuit board is designed to automatically search for a channel and lock it in the most suitable resistance range according to the initial resistance value (Ri) of the sensor in each channel, which is advantageous in that the difference in the measured value and the time delay due to the switching of the resistance value at the boundary of the measurement range can be avoided. Thus, the detector can measure resistance by measuring the voltage drop at constant current through the sensor, i.e. each channel's constant current source (6.0nA to 1.2mA) has 16 selectable current values (I), each value corresponding to a range of resistances. In addition, the physical size of the detector designed by using the chemical resistance array coupled circuit board is only 70 × 25 × 200mm3The weight was also only 350 g.
Table 1 summarizes some of the main data of the HCD detector provided by the present invention in terms of measurement range and error.
Table 1HCD detector measurement range and error data table
Note: RD represents a read value.
Example 2
The specific steps for preparing the sensor are as follows:
interdigitated Microelectrodes (IMEs) were Fabricated by micromachining, and the detailed fabrication procedure was described in the literature (H.W.Cheng, S.Yan, G.Shang, S.Wang, C.J.Zhong, Strain Sensors Fabricated by Surface Assembly of Nanoparticles, biosens BioElectron.186(2021)113268 and 113281.) thin film electrodes were Fabricated on glass substrates using a Nordiko 2000 vacuum sputter deposition system. The IME device structure is patterned by photolithographic techniques. Reference is made to the literature by two-phase wet chemistry (Z.Cai, L.E.Rueda Guerrero, A.M.R.Louwerse, H.Suy, R.van Veldhoven, K.A.A.Ma.Kinwa, M.A.P.Pertijs, A CMOS Readout Circuit for Resistive Transducers Based on Algorithm Resistance and Power Measurement, IEEE Sens.J.17(2017) 7917-7927) and thermochemical methods (C.L.Chang, S.W.Chiu, K.T.Tang, and ADC-Free Adaptive Interface Circuit of Resistive Sensor for Electronic Nose System, Annu.int.Conf.IEEE Eng.Med.Bio.1 (2013) 2012-2015; S.W.Chiu, K.T.Tang, Towards a chemical Sensor-Integrated Electronic Nose A Review, sensors.13(2013) 14214-; leung, D.M.Wilson, Integrated Interface Circuits for Chemiresistor arrays, IEEE Int.Symp.circuits Syst.6(2005) 5914-; hughes, S.A.Casalnuoovo, K.O.Wessendorf, D.J.Savignon, S.Hietala, S.V.Patel, B.J.Heller, Integrated Chemiresistor Array for Small Sensor plants, Proc.SPIE,4038(2000) 519-529; mu, D.Rairigh, A.J.Mason,125ppm Resolution and 120dB Dynamic Range Nanoparticle Chemicals Array Readout Circuit, IEEE int.Symp.circuits.1 (2011)2213-2216, decane thiol ester mono-layer encapsulated gold nanoparticles with particle sizes of 2nm and 5nm, respectively, were synthesized, and linker molecules including 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (HS- (CH) 2213-2216.)2)10-CO2H, MUA), 1,9-nonanedithiol (HS- (CH)2)9-SH, NDT) and decanethiol (HS- (CH)2)9-CH3DT). The vapor was generated from hexane (Hx). Thus, the nanoparticle films prepared by the present invention include the following two types: (1) NDT-linked nanoparticles (NDT-Aunm) and (2) MUA-linked nanoparticles (MUA-Aunm). The preparation of the nano-film by the "exchange-crosslinking-precipitation" route comprises the following steps: firstly, exchange connecting molecules (NDT, MUA) and alkyl mercaptide combined with gold, and then carry out crosslinking and precipitation through Au-S bonds at two ends of NDT or hydrogen bonds at the tail end of MUA carboxylic acid; then immersing the IME substrate into the same solution mixed with the nano-particles and the thiol at room temperature, and preventing the solvent from evaporating during the film forming process; wherein the thickness of the thin film grown on the surface of the substrate can be controlled by the immersion time. The same thickness of film is assembled on the IME. The prepared film was thoroughly washed with a solvent and dried under nitrogen. The invention constructs an 8-sensor array which is respectively composed of HDT-Au2nm, BDT-Au2nm, ODT-Au5nm, PDT-Au5nm, NDT-Au2nm and MUA-Au2nmMUA-Au5nm and HDT-Au5nm (from #1 to # 8); wherein HDT is 1, 6-hexanedithiol (1, 6-hexanedithiol), BDT is 1,4-butanedithiol (1,4-butanedithiol), ODT is 1,8-octanedithiol (1,8-octanedithiol), PDT is 1,5-pentanedithiol (1,5-pentanedithiol), NDT is 1,9-nonanedithiol (1,9-nonanedithiol), MUA is 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-mercaptoundecanoic acid).
Example 3
The specific steps for measuring the sensor resistance are as follows:
the resistance of the sensor can be measured by connecting the HCD to a computer or using a multi-channel multimeter (KMM, Keithley 2700). All experiments were carried out at room temperature (22 ℃ C. + -1 ℃ C., RH. ltoreq.20%). N is a radical of2Gas (99.99%, Progas) was used as a reference gas and diluent, and the vapor concentration was varied by controlling the mixing ratio. The gas flow is controlled by a calibrated mass flow controller. The flow rate of the steam flow is between 5 and 50mL/min, N2The total flow rate of (A) was 100 mL/min. The steam generating system may be operated by reference to standard procedures already in the literature (L.Wang, X.Shi, N.N.Kariuki, M.Schadt, G.R.Wang, Q.Renderng, J.Choi, J.Luo, S.Lu, C.J.Zong, Array of molecular-media Thin Film assays of nanoparticies: Correlation of Vapor Sensing with interfacial Properties, J.Am.Chem.Soc.129(2007)2161-2170.). measuring the resistance (R) and using the relative differential resistance change Δ R/Ri to assess the adsorption response of the steam; where Δ R is the difference between the maximum and minimum values in the resistance response and Ri is the initial resistance of the film. Placing the IME device on a substrate with the vapor and N connected2In the test chamber where the tubes are generated, and then according to the partial pressure of the steam and N2Flow mixing ratios to calculate steam concentrations (in ppm moles per liter), more detailed experimental details can be found in the literature (H.W.Cheng, S.Yan, G.Shang, S.Wang, C.J.Zhong, Strain Sensors Fabricated by Surface Association of nanoparticies, biosens Bioelectron.186(2021)113268-113281.). The specific steps in this embodiment are as follows: nitrogen may be used as a carrier gas, with an impactor system to generate different concentrations of vapor, with N2The test chamber was purged for 10 minutes and tested at the desired steam concentration for 10 minutes.
Example 4
The specific steps for detecting VOCs are as follows: referring to the procedure of example 3, hexane vapor was introduced into the test chamber to perform the test, wherein the concentration of hexane vapor ranged from 300ppm to 1500ppm, and the test results are shown in fig. 2. Typical resistance response curves for an 8-sensor array in response to different concentrations of hexane vapor are shown in fig. 2, where the gray lines are curves for resistance testing using HCD and the black lines are curves for resistance testing using a Keithley Multi-channel Multimeter 2700 (KMM). The results show that: the response curves using the HCD and KMM are substantially the same except for the absolute value of the sensor resistance, but the resistance value of the HCD is higher than the resistance value of the KMM, and this difference is generally considered to reflect differences in electronic board design parameters.
Finally, the current and voltage values of HCD and KMM were compared over a wide range of resistances, with the results shown in table 2. As can be seen from table 2: when a resistance greater than 1M Ω is measured, the output current and power consumption of the HCD is clearly much less than KMM.
TABLE 2 comparison of current and voltage values for HCD and KMM over a wide range of resistances
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A hand-held chemical resistance detector, the chemical resistance detector comprising:
the sensor module is used for detecting VOCs gas; the sensor consists of an interdigital microelectrode and a nano gold film electrode;
a chemiresistor array module for measuring resistance change (Δ R) of the sensor nano-structure chemiresistor array; wherein a basic model of the module consists of 8, 16, 24 or 32 channels, and the measuring range of each channel is subdivided into 16 ranges;
a display device for displaying a resistance value of the sensor;
the microcontroller is used for connecting the chemical resistance array module, the sensor module and the measuring equipment; the microcontroller is also used for calculating the resistance value.
2. The hand-held chemical resistance detector according to claim 1, wherein the nanostructured chemical resistance array measures a resistance variation in the range of 30 Ω -300 Μ Ω.
3. The hand-held chemoresistance detector according to claim 1, wherein the chemoresistance array can automatically search channels and determine resistance ranges according to the initial resistance values (Ri) of the sensors in each channel.
4. The hand-held chemoresistance detector of claim 1, wherein the channels of the chemoresistance array are configured as a modular array for a target sensor array interface; the chemiresistor array uses a multiplexer; the output voltage signal of the sensor resistance measured by each channel in the chemiresistor array is sent to an analog-to-digital converter.
5. The hand-held chemoresistance detector of claim 1, wherein said interdigitated microelectrodes are patterned by photolithographic techniques.
6. The hand-held chemical resistance detector according to claim 1, wherein the gold nanoparticles in the nanogold thin film electrode have a particle size of 2-5 nm; the gold nanoparticles are encapsulated with organic linker molecules.
7. The hand-held chemical resistance detector according to claim 6, wherein the organic linker molecule is one of 1, 6-hexanedithiol, 1,4-butanedithiol, 1,8-octanedithiol, 1, 5-pentanethiol, 1,9-nonanedithiol, decanethiol, or 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid.
8. The hand-held chemical resistance detector according to claim 1, wherein the display device is one of an embedded liquid crystal screen, a computer, a cell phone, or a tablet computer.
9. Use of the hand-held chemiresistor detector of claim 1 for detection of VOCs.
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