CN114593169A - Buffering shock attenuation energy-absorbing structure with negative poisson ratio effect - Google Patents
Buffering shock attenuation energy-absorbing structure with negative poisson ratio effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN114593169A CN114593169A CN202210282577.0A CN202210282577A CN114593169A CN 114593169 A CN114593169 A CN 114593169A CN 202210282577 A CN202210282577 A CN 202210282577A CN 114593169 A CN114593169 A CN 114593169A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
- F16F3/02—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of steel or of other material having low internal friction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/003—One-shot shock absorbers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/12—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members
- F16F7/121—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members the members having a cellular, e.g. honeycomb, structure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/30—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways
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Abstract
The invention discloses a buffering, damping and energy absorbing structure with a negative Poisson ratio effect, which comprises a first layer of force flow concentrated structure, a second layer of buffering transverse impact structure and a third layer of buffering longitudinal impact mechanism; the first layer of force flow concentration structure is a negative Poisson ratio component with a closing trend, a descending piece is arranged below the first layer of force flow concentration structure, and the direction of the descending piece is changed by the descending piece and is transmitted downwards to the directions of two sides; the second layer of buffering transverse impact structure comprises two bearing pieces and a second-stage transverse buffer piece positioned on the outer side of the bearing pieces, the two bearing pieces are oppositely arranged and are matched with the descending piece, when the descending piece descends, the two bearing pieces horizontally translate to convert longitudinal impact into transverse impact, and the second-stage transverse buffer piece buffers, absorbs and absorbs energy; the third layer of buffering longitudinal impact mechanism is detachably arranged below the second layer of buffering transverse impact structure, and the third layer of buffering longitudinal impact mechanism is provided with a third-level buffering damping energy-absorbing structure to absorb the longitudinal residual impact energy of the second layer of buffering transverse impact structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of buffering, energy absorption and collision prevention, and particularly relates to a buffering, damping and energy absorption structure with a negative Poisson's ratio effect.
Background
The disk spring, the plate spring and other parts with buffering and energy absorbing functions can absorb energy and relieve impact, but the structure is single, the energy absorbing efficiency is poor, and the disk spring is easy to damage; some buffering anticollision structures have improved energy-absorbing efficiency, but the structure is too complicated, and difficult the change leads to use cost higher after the material damages moreover.
The porous ceramic buffer material 33 is cheap and has a good energy absorption effect, and the porous ceramic material is widely applied to the field of buffer and energy absorption because inner hole skeletons of the extruded porous ceramic material are broken and the skeletons inside the skeletons can rub with each other after the skeletons are broken, so that a large amount of energy is absorbed inside the porous ceramic material.
The negative poisson's ratio effect means that the material changes in one direction and equivalently in the perpendicular direction. At present, the negative Poisson ratio effect mostly appears on some materials with special structures, and the structure of the invention applies the theory to a mechanical structure, on one hand, the whole structure shrinks inwards after the structure is compressed, so that the strength of the structure can be enhanced, and the impact resistance is better; on the other hand, the structure can be mutually matched and restrained transversely and longitudinally, impact is dispersed firstly, and the impact is relieved in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a buffering, damping and energy absorbing structure with a negative Poisson ratio effect aiming at the defects of the prior art, the whole structure can be regarded as a basic infinitesimal structure, and the transverse and longitudinal directions are mutually matched to buffer, damp and absorb energy together; a plurality of groups can be used, so that the energy absorption efficiency is improved; first layer power flow centralized structure, second floor buffering transverse impact structure, the vertical impact mechanism of third layer buffering among the overall structure also can be seen as a littleer little unit structure and each little unit structure through special design, and self structure is more stable, and difficult quilt is destroyed, even also can change one of them little unit structure when destroying to reduce use cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a buffering, damping and energy absorbing structure with a negative Poisson ratio effect comprises a first layer of force flow concentrated structure, a second layer of buffering transverse impact structure and a third layer of buffering longitudinal impact mechanism which are arranged from top to bottom;
the first layer of force flow concentration structure is a negative Poisson ratio component with a closing trend, and a descending piece for changing the force transmission direction is arranged below the negative Poisson ratio component; when the negative Poisson ratio component bears longitudinal impact, the first layer of force flow concentration structure transfers and concentrates the longitudinal impact on the descending piece, and the descending piece changes the direction of the force and transmits the force downwards to the two sides;
the second layer of buffering transverse impact structure comprises a bearing piece positioned below the first layer of force flow concentration structure and a second-level transverse buffer piece positioned outside the bearing piece, the two bearing pieces are oppositely arranged and are matched with the descending piece, and when the descending piece descends, the two bearing pieces translate in the transverse direction to convert longitudinal impact into transverse impact and the second-level transverse buffer piece buffers, absorbs and absorbs energy;
the third layer of buffering longitudinal impact mechanism is detachably arranged below the second layer of buffering transverse impact structure, and the third layer of buffering longitudinal impact mechanism is provided with a third-level buffering damping energy-absorbing structure to absorb the longitudinal residual impact energy of the second layer of buffering transverse impact structure.
As an improvement on the technical scheme, the descending piece is middle square steel with a wedge-shaped structure at the bottom, the bearing piece is a wedge-shaped block, and the two wedge-shaped blocks are oppositely arranged to form a wedge-shaped groove to be matched with the wedge-shaped bottom of the middle square steel. It should be noted that the descending member and the receiving member of the present invention are not limited to the wedge-shaped structure, and all structures capable of changing longitudinal force into transverse force can be used between the first layer of force flow concentrating structure and the second layer of buffering transverse impact structure for changing the force transmission direction, which is not listed herein by the inventor.
As an improvement to the above technical solution, the first laminar force flow concentrating structure includes an upper sheet metal structure and a lower sheet metal structure; the upper metal plate structure comprises an inverted cone-shaped cavity piece formed by folding a metal plate, and the inverted cone-shaped cavity piece is filled with a negative poisson ratio material; the lower sheet metal structure comprises a conical cavity piece formed by folding a sheet metal plate, and the middle square steel is arranged at the middle position of the lower sheet metal structure cavity and is detachably connected with the lower sheet metal structure below the upper sheet metal structure.
As an improvement to the above technical solution, the taper angle of the inverted conical cavity member is 150 °, and the corresponding taper angle of the conical cavity member is 150 °; the upper metal plate structure also comprises an upper end metal plate arranged above the top plate of the inverted cone-shaped cavity part, the upper end metal plate is formed by folding the metal plate and is separated from the top plate of the inverted cone-shaped cavity part, and the area of the upper end metal plate is 2/3 of the area of the top plate; the lower sheet metal structure further comprises a lower end sheet metal part arranged at the bottom end of the conical cavity, and a square through hole is formed in the middle of the lower end sheet metal part to enable middle square steel to pass through. In the application, the taper angle refers to an included angle formed by two symmetrical taper plates on the left side and the right side of the inverted cone-shaped cavity part or the cone-shaped cavity part.
As an improvement to the above technical scheme, the first layer force flow concentration structure further comprises a disc spring and angle steel which are arranged between the conical holes on the two opposite outer sides of the upper sheet metal structure and the lower sheet metal structure, the angle steel is respectively fixed on the two opposite conical plates on the two outer sides of the upper sheet metal structure and the lower sheet metal structure, and the disc spring is fixed between the corresponding angle steel on the two sides.
As the improvement to above-mentioned technical scheme, the toper board downwardly extending in two outsides of sheet metal construction has the vertical part down, horizontal impact structure is cushioned to the second floor, vertical impact structure is cushioned to the third layer package and is located the cavity that left and right sides vertical part formed, vertical impact structure is cushioned to the third layer can be dismantled with the vertical part and be connected, horizontal impact structure fixed connection is cushioned on vertical impact structure is cushioned to the third layer to the second floor, first layer power flow centralized structure is located horizontal impact structure top of second floor buffering and separates mutually with the second floor buffering horizontal impact structure clearance.
As an improvement to the above technical solution, the second layer of buffering transverse impact structure comprises a second layer of structural shell with a cavity, wherein a square hole is formed on the second layer of structural shell, the square hole is matched with the upper square section of the middle square steel, and the middle square steel penetrates through the square hole; in the quad slit both sides, second floor structure shell is along transversely being provided with the guide rail, second grade lateral buffer spare is porous ceramic material bolster and is door font structure stride locate the guide rail on, corresponding, the bottom of wedge also is door font structure and strides and locate on the guide rail and offset with the porous ceramic material bolster of this side, two the wedge is close to the quad slit and divides the below that the wedge groove that makes two wedge shapes form is being in the quad slit in quad slit both sides.
As the improvement of the technical scheme, the two transverse sides of the second-layer structure shell are of opening structures, and the baffle is detachably arranged at the opening so as to facilitate the porous ceramic material buffer part to be taken, placed and replaced from the opening.
As an improvement to the above technical solution, the third layer of longitudinal impact buffering structure comprises a third layer of structure shell which is semi-closed and is detachably connected below the second layer of structure shell, and a plate spring arranged in the third layer of structure shell, wherein the length direction of the plate spring is arranged along the transverse direction of the third layer of structure shell; the left and right sides at third layer structure shell top is provided with the leaf spring clamp downwards and through leaf spring clamp joint leaf spring
As an improvement to the technical scheme, the third layer of buffering longitudinal impact structure further comprises a connecting plate, wherein support frames are upwards arranged at two transverse ends of the connecting plate, a hinge shaft is arranged between the two support frames at each end, and two ends of the plate spring are provided with rolling hoops and connected to the hinge shaft through the rolling hoops in a hooping mode.
As an improvement to the above technical solution, the third layer of buffer longitudinal impact structure is provided with a square hole at the bottom, and the third layer of shell is provided with a long baffle at the bottom at the lateral plates at the two lateral sides; the distance between the bottom of the middle square steel and the top of the plate spring is slightly larger than the vertical height of the middle square steel wedge-shaped structure.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, convex-concave structures are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the third layer of the longitudinal impact buffering structure, and the convex-concave structures on the two sides are matched to enable a plurality of buffering, shock-absorbing and energy-absorbing structures with negative Poisson's ratio effects to be used as basic micro-element structures to be assembled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the buffering, damping and energy absorbing structure is a basic infinitesimal structure, can be flexibly assembled and used, solves the problems of single installation and use and poor universality of the existing buffering device, and has more flexible and wide application range.
2. The buffering, damping and energy absorbing structure is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, and the first layer of force flow concentrating structure is used for buffering part of longitudinal impact and simultaneously transferring and concentrating impact on the surface of the first layer to middle square steel; the second layer of buffering transverse impact structure converts longitudinal impact concentrated on square steel into transverse impact towards two sides through the matching motion of the wedge-shaped structure, and the transverse impact towards the two sides is buffered and energy-absorbed through the porous ceramic materials on the two sides; the third layer of the buffer longitudinal impact structure isolates the buffer damping energy-absorbing structure from the connecting plate by using a plate spring and absorbs residual longitudinal impact; the whole mechanism can relieve impact absorption energy in different directions in a grading way, so that the mechanism has a better energy absorption effect; and most of impact is converted into transverse impact, and the porous ceramic material is used for buffering and absorbing energy, and the buffering, absorbing and absorbing structure is used as a basic micro-element structure and is also isolated from a connecting plate through a plate spring, so that the mechanism has higher safety and better protection effect.
3. The first layer of force flow concentrated structure is similar to a disc spring in the whole structure and has a certain buffering effect, and a stacked spring is additionally arranged at a conical hole between the two sides of an upper sheet metal part and a lower sheet metal part, so that the structure ensures that the whole structure still has a certain buffering and damping function when the edge position of the upper end surface of the upper sheet metal structure is locally impacted, most of the impact can be transferred to middle square steel, and the safety and the stability of the structure are integrally ensured; the middle square steel, the wedge-shaped block and the guide rail are tightly matched, and the residual space in the cavity of the shell with the third-layer structure is filled with porous ceramic materials, so that the structure has the characteristics of simplicity and compactness; most of the impact of the mechanism is converted into transverse impact, and the transverse impact is buffered and absorbed by the porous ceramic material of the second layer, so that the porous ceramic material of the second layer is only damaged and needs to be replaced under the common condition, the baffles at two sides of the shell of the second layer structure can be opened for convenient replacement, and the porous ceramic material filled in the second layer has low price, so that the basic micro-element structure has good economical efficiency and can be repeatedly used for many times.
4. The first layer of the mechanism is provided with a disc spring for buffering two-side impact, the first layer of the force flow concentration structure is directly connected with the third layer of the buffering longitudinal impact mechanism, a hole is reserved between the first layer of the force flow concentration structure and the second layer of the buffering transverse impact structure, and the first layer of the force flow concentration structure is only contacted with the second layer of the buffering transverse impact structure through a wedge-shaped structure, so that the safety of the second layer of the buffering transverse impact structure is ensured; the distance between the middle square steel in the second layer buffering transverse impact structure and the plate spring of the third layer buffering longitudinal impact mechanism is slightly larger than the vertical height of the wedge-shaped block of the lower half part of the middle square steel, so that most of impact of the mechanism is converted into transverse impact, the transverse impact received is buffered by the porous ceramic material of the second layer, after the impact is fully relieved on the second layer, the residual impact is relieved by the plate spring on the third layer buffering longitudinal impact mechanism, the basic infinitesimal structure is only connected with the connecting plate through the plate spring, the connecting plate is guaranteed not to be impacted basically, the mechanism is guaranteed not to be damaged easily by the characteristics, the service life is long, and the protection effect is good.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view A1-A1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view B-B of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view C-C of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view A1-A1 of a first laminar force flow concentrating structure;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view A1-A1 of a second layer of cushioning lateral impact structure;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view A1-A1 of a third layer of a cushioned longitudinal impact mechanism;
FIG. 7 is a development view of the upper sheet metal structure
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an upper sheet metal structure
FIG. 9 is a development view of a lower sheet metal structure
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a lower sheet metal structure
FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken along line F-F of the connection between the plate spring and the angle iron;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of an intermediate square steel;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a wedge block configuration;
FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of a porous ceramic buffer material plate;
FIG. 15 is a side view of a plurality of elementary micro-element structure connections;
in the figure: 1. a basic micro-element structure; 2. a first layer of force flow concentrating structure; 3. the second layer buffers the structure of horizontal impact; 4. the third layer buffers the longitudinal impact mechanism; 5. a connecting plate; 21. an upper metal plate structure; 22. a negative poisson's ratio material; 23. angle steel; 24. a disc spring; 25. a lower metal plate structure; 26. middle square steel; 31. a second layer structure housing; 32. a wedge block; 33. a porous ceramic material buffer block; 34. a guide rail; 41. a third layer structure housing; 42. a plate spring; 43 leaf spring clamp.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", "left", "right", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are conventionally placed in use, or the orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, and are used for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is also to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and for example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the connection may be direct or indirect via an intermediate medium, and may be a communication between the two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Referring to fig. 1-15, in the buffering, damping and energy absorbing structure with negative poisson's ratio effect of the present invention, the overall structure can be used as the basic micro-element structure 1 of the unit body, and the buffering, damping and energy absorbing structure includes a first layer of force flow concentrating structure 2, a second layer of buffering transverse impact structure 3, and a third layer of buffering longitudinal impact mechanism 4, as shown in fig. 1;
the first-layer force flow concentrated structure 2 comprises an upper sheet metal structure 21, filled negative Poisson's ratio materials 22, angle steel 23, a disc spring 24, a lower sheet metal structure 25 and middle square steel 26, the first-layer force flow concentrated structure 2 has the function of concentrating impact on the surface of a first layer on the middle square steel 26, and the middle square steel 26 serves as a descending piece; when the negative Poisson ratio component bears longitudinal impact, the first layer of force flow concentration structure transfers and concentrates the longitudinal impact on the descending piece, and the descending piece changes the direction of the force and transmits the force downwards to the two sides; as shown in fig. 4;
the second layer of buffering transverse impact structure 3 comprises a second layer of structure shell 31, a wedge block 32, a porous ceramic material buffer plate 33 and a guide rail 34, and the second layer of buffering transverse impact structure 3 has the functions of converting longitudinal impact into transverse impact and buffering, damping and absorbing energy, as shown in fig. 5; the wedge-shaped blocks 32 are bearing pieces, the porous ceramic material buffer plate 33 is used as a second-stage transverse buffer piece, the two bearing piece wedge-shaped blocks 32 are oppositely arranged and are matched with the descending piece, and when the square steel 26 descends in the middle of the descending piece, the two bearing pieces, namely the wedge-shaped blocks 32, translate in the transverse direction to convert longitudinal impact into transverse impact and are buffered, damped and absorbed by the second-stage transverse buffer piece;
the third layer longitudinal impact-absorbing mechanism 4 comprises a third layer structure shell 41, a leaf spring 42 and a leaf spring hoop 43, and the second layer longitudinal impact-absorbing mechanism 3 is used for absorbing residual longitudinal impact, as shown in fig. 6.
The upper sheet metal structure 21 in the first laminar force flow concentrating structure 2 is an inverted cone-shaped cavity member formed by folding expandable sheet metal plates, as shown in fig. 7, the upper sheet metal structure 21 has two layers of sheet metal plates, the area of the first layer (upper end sheet metal plate) covers 2/3 of the area of the second layer (top plate of the inverted cone-shaped cavity member), a pore is reserved in the middle of the second layer, the included angle between the two side sheet metal plates and the bottom sheet metal plate is 15 degrees, and 4 holes are formed in the bottom sheet metal plate, as shown in fig. 8. In this application, the taper angle refers to an included angle formed by two symmetrical tapered plates on the left and right sides of an inverted conical cavity or a conical cavity, as shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5.
The lower sheet metal structure 25 in the first laminar flow concentrating structure 2 is a conical cavity member formed by folding expandable sheet metal plates, as shown in fig. 9, the upper end sheet metal plate of the lower sheet metal structure 25 is provided with 4 holes at the corresponding position of the lower end sheet metal plate opening of the upper sheet metal structure 21, the included angle between the upper half parts of the two side sheet metal plates and the upper end sheet metal plate is 165 °, the lower half parts of the two side sheet metal plates are vertical in the longitudinal direction, the bottoms of the two side sheet metal plates are respectively provided with two holes, the opening positions at the two sides correspond to the opening positions at the two sides on the third-layer structure shell 41, and the middle position of the lower end sheet metal member is provided with a square through hole for passing through the middle square steel 26, as shown in fig. 10.
The springs 24 are fixedly arranged between the conical holes at the two sides of the upper sheet metal structure 21 and the lower sheet metal structure 25 by the angle steel 23, and the structure ensures that the whole structure still has the buffering and damping functions and can transfer most of impact to the middle square steel 26 when the edge position of the upper end surface of the upper sheet metal structure 21 is locally impacted, as shown in fig. 11.
The whole first layer of power flow centralized structure 2 is the inverted cone-shaped indent structure of longitudinal symmetry from top to bottom, the sheet metal plates on both sides of the lower sheet metal structure 25 of the first layer of power flow centralized structure 2 are directly connected with the third layer structure shell 41 of the third layer of buffering longitudinal impact mechanism 4, a gap is left between the first layer of power flow centralized structure 2 and the second layer of buffering transverse impact mechanism 3, and the two are only contacted through a wedge-shaped structure, as shown in fig. 1, the first layer of power flow centralized structure 2 realizes that the main impact on the surface of the first layer is transferred and concentrated on the middle square steel, and the residual impact received by the frame (namely the vertical part of the downward extending conical plates on the two outer sides of the lower sheet metal structure) is directly transferred to the third layer of buffering longitudinal impact mechanism 4 through the second layer of buffering transverse impact mechanism 3.
The upper half part of the middle square steel 26 of the first layer of force flow concentration structure 2 is a cuboid, the lower half part is a wedge-shaped structure, as shown in fig. 12, the upper half part of the wedge-shaped block 32 of the second layer of buffering transverse impact structure 3 is a wedge-shaped structure which is matched with the wedge-shaped structure on the lower part of the first layer of middle square steel 26, and the lower half part is a door-shaped structure which is matched with the upper half part of the bottom guide rail 34, as shown in fig. 11, downward longitudinal impact on the middle square steel 26 is converted into transverse impact on the wedge-shaped block 32 along the guide rail 34 to two sides under the matching action of the middle square steel 26 and the wedge-shaped block 32, as shown in fig. 5.
The second layer structure shell 31 of the second layer buffering transverse impact structure 3 is a metal shell with a cavity inside, the middle parts of the upper and lower surfaces are provided with square holes, the baffles on the two sides can be unfolded, and the replacement of the porous ceramic material buffering substance 33 is facilitated, as shown in fig. 5, the shape of the porous ceramic material buffering substance 33 of the second layer buffering transverse impact structure 3 is in a door shape, as shown in fig. 14, the lower half recess is just located at the upper half protruding part of the guide rail 34, the porous ceramic material buffering substance 33 is tightly filled in the cavity in the second layer structure shell 31, as shown in fig. 2, the transverse impact energy transmitted from the wedge block 32 to the two sides along the guide rail 34 under the combined action of the wedge block 32, the porous ceramic material buffering substance 33 and the guide rail 34 of the second layer buffering transverse impact structure 3 is fully absorbed by the porous ceramic material buffering substance 33, as shown in fig. 5.
The third layer structure shell 41 of the third layer buffering longitudinal impact structure 4 is a metal shell frame with a square hole on the upper end surface and an unclosed lower end surface, long baffles are arranged at the bottoms of two side surfaces to increase the contact area with the plate spring 42, as shown in fig. 6, the front end surface and the rear end surface of the third layer structure shell 41 are respectively provided with a convex part and a concave part, so that the basic micro-element structure 1 can be used in multiple combinations, as shown in fig. 2, the distance between the middle square steel 26 of the first layer force flow concentration structure 2 and the plate spring 42 of the third layer buffering longitudinal impact structure 4 is slightly larger than the vertical height of the wedge block at the lower half part of the middle square steel 26, and the effect that after impact energy is fully absorbed by the porous ceramic material buffering substance 33 in the second layer buffering transverse impact structure 3, the residual longitudinal impact energy is buffered and absorbed by the plate spring 42 in the third layer buffering longitudinal impact structure 4.
The plate spring 42 of the third layer longitudinal impact buffering structure 4 is fixed on the third layer shell by a left plate spring clamp 43 and a right plate spring clamp 43, two sides of the plate spring 42 are connected with the bottommost connecting plate 5 by the two clamps, and the connecting plate 5 is installed on a vehicle, as shown in fig. 6, under the combined action of the plate spring 42, the plate spring clamp 43 and the connecting plate 5 of the third layer longitudinal impact buffering structure 4, the basic micro-element structure 1 is connected with the connecting plate 5 only through the plate spring 42, and the connecting plate 5 is guaranteed not to be impacted basically.
The concrete working process of the buffering, damping and energy absorbing structure comprises the following steps: the mounting plate 5 and the mechanism internal leaf springs 42 are shorter than the outer frame of the basic micro-element structure 1, so that the basic micro-element structures of the basic micro-element structure 4 are fitted to each other without interference, as shown in fig. 15; the basic micro-element structures are matched in the left-right direction, so that the opening and closing of the baffles on the two sides of the second-layer structure shell 31 of the second-layer buffering transverse impact structure 3 in the front-back direction are not influenced, and the porous ceramic material buffering substance 33 is replaced, as shown in fig. 2; the mounting plate 5 is mounted on the vehicle to be protected, spaced from the basic cell structure 1 by the leaf spring 42, the mounting plate 5 connected to both sides of the leaf spring 42 being substantially free from impacts.
When the impact is received, the impact firstly acts on the upper sheet metal structure 21 of the first layer of force flow concentration structure 2, part of the impact can be relieved because the first layer of force flow concentration structure 2 is an inverted cone-shaped concave structure which is additionally provided with disc springs and is symmetrical up and down, after the impact energy passes through the upper sheet metal structure 21, most of the impact received on the upper surface of the first layer of force flow concentration structure 2 is transferred to the middle square steel 26 in a concentration manner under the combined action of the negative poisson's ratio material 22 filled in the cavity of the upper sheet metal structure 21, the inverted cone-shaped upper sheet metal structure 21 and the two rows of disc springs 24 on the two sides;
the middle of the second layer of buffering transverse impact structure 3 is a wedge-shaped structure, so that downward longitudinal impact of square steel 26 is converted into transverse impact of the wedge-shaped block 32 towards two sides along the guide rail 34, and the transverse impact enables the porous ceramic material buffer block 33 of the second layer to be fully extruded, so that most of longitudinal impact energy received by the device can be converted into transverse impact energy and absorbed by the porous ceramic material buffer block 33 of the second layer, the longitudinal impact received by the shell of the structure is greatly reduced, and the damage of the structure body is prevented;
the third layer buffer longitudinal impact mechanism 4 is used for absorbing longitudinal impact transmitted by the boundary of the first layer structure and impact caused by square steel 26 borne by the plate spring 42 after the buffer effect of the second layer reaches the limit, a small amount of longitudinal impact from the boundary is transmitted to the third layer from the first layer, and after the third layer is buffered by 3 plate springs 42 arranged side by side, the plate springs are extruded towards two sides after being impacted, and the inner part can be continuously extruded and rubbed to further absorb energy. Thus, the relatively fragile second-layer buffering transverse impact structure 3 and the protected mounting plate 5 are guaranteed not to be subjected to great longitudinal impact, and the safety of the anti-collision buffer box structure and the protected structure is guaranteed.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A buffering, damping and energy absorbing structure with a negative Poisson ratio effect is characterized by comprising a first layer of force flow concentrated structure, a second layer of buffering transverse impact structure and a third layer of buffering longitudinal impact mechanism which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the first layer of force flow concentration structure is a negative Poisson ratio component with a closing trend, and a descending piece for changing the force transmission direction is arranged below the negative Poisson ratio component; when the negative Poisson ratio component bears longitudinal impact, the first layer of force flow concentration structure transfers and concentrates the longitudinal impact on the descending piece, and the descending piece changes the direction of the force and transmits the force downwards to the two sides;
the second layer of buffering transverse impact structure comprises a bearing piece positioned below the first layer of force flow concentration structure and a second-level transverse buffer piece positioned outside the bearing piece, the two bearing pieces are oppositely arranged and are matched with the descending piece, and when the descending piece descends, the two bearing pieces translate in the transverse direction to convert longitudinal impact into transverse impact and the second-level transverse buffer piece buffers, absorbs and absorbs energy;
the third layer of buffering longitudinal impact mechanism is detachably arranged below the second layer of buffering transverse impact structure, and the third layer of buffering longitudinal impact mechanism is provided with a third-level buffering damping energy-absorbing structure to absorb the longitudinal residual impact energy of the second layer of buffering transverse impact structure.
2. The negative poisson's ratio effect cushioning, shock absorbing and energy absorbing structure of claim 1, wherein: the down part is middle square steel of which the bottom is provided with a wedge-shaped structure, the bearing part is a wedge-shaped block, and the two wedge-shaped blocks are oppositely arranged to form a wedge-shaped groove to be matched with the wedge-shaped bottom of the middle square steel.
3. The negative poisson's ratio effect cushioning, shock absorbing and energy absorbing structure of claim 2, wherein: the first laminar force flow concentration structure comprises an upper metal plate structure and a lower metal plate structure; the upper metal plate structure comprises an inverted cone-shaped cavity piece formed by folding a metal plate, and the inverted cone-shaped cavity piece is filled with a negative poisson ratio material; the lower sheet metal structure comprises a conical cavity part formed by folding a sheet metal plate, and the middle square steel is arranged in the middle of the cavity of the lower sheet metal structure and detachably connected with the lower sheet metal structure below the upper sheet metal structure;
go up and be provided with dish spring and angle steel between the toper hole in the relative two outsides of sheet metal structure and lower sheet metal structure, the angle steel is fixed respectively on the relative conical plate in last sheet metal structure and the two outsides of sheet metal structure down, the dish spring is fixed between the corresponding angle steel of both sides.
4. The negative Poisson ratio buffer shock absorbing energy absorbing structure according to claim 3, wherein: the taper angle of the inverted conical cavity part is 150 degrees, and the corresponding taper angle of the conical cavity part is 150 degrees; the upper sheet metal structure further comprises an upper end sheet metal plate arranged above the top plate of the inverted-cone-shaped cavity part, the upper end sheet metal plate is formed by folding the sheet metal plate and is separated from the top plate of the inverted-cone-shaped cavity part, and the area of the upper end sheet metal plate is 2/3 of that of the top plate; the lower sheet metal structure further comprises a lower end sheet metal part arranged at the bottom end of the conical cavity, and a square through hole is formed in the middle of the lower end sheet metal part to enable middle square steel to pass through.
5. The negative poisson's ratio effect cushioning, shock absorbing and energy absorbing structure of claim 2, wherein: the toper board downwardly extending in two outsides of sheet metal construction has the vertical part down, horizontal impact structure is cushioned on the second floor, vertical impact structure of third layer buffering is wrapped in the cavity of locating left and right sides vertical part formation, vertical impact structure is cushioned on the third layer and can be dismantled with the vertical part and be connected, horizontal impact structure fixed connection is cushioned on vertical impact structure is cushioned on the third layer on the second floor, first layer power flow centralized structure is located second floor buffering horizontal impact structure top and separates mutually with the second floor buffering horizontal impact structure clearance.
6. The negative Poisson ratio buffer shock absorbing energy absorbing structure according to claim 3, wherein: the second layer of buffering transverse impact structure comprises a second layer of structure shell with a cavity, wherein a square hole is formed in the second layer of structure shell, is matched with the upper square section of the middle square steel and enables the middle square steel to penetrate through the square hole; in the quad slit both sides, second floor structure shell is along transversely being provided with the guide rail, second grade lateral buffer spare is porous ceramic material bolster and is door font structure stride locate the guide rail on, corresponding, the bottom of wedge also is door font structure and strides and locate on the guide rail and offset with the porous ceramic material bolster of this side, two the wedge is close to the quad slit and divides the below that the wedge groove that makes two wedge shapes form is being in the quad slit in quad slit both sides.
7. The negative Poisson ratio buffer shock absorbing energy absorbing structure according to claim 6, wherein: the second layer structure shell is of an opening structure on two transverse sides, and a baffle is detachably arranged at the opening to facilitate the porous ceramic material buffer piece to be taken, placed and replaced from the opening.
8. The negative Poisson ratio buffer shock absorbing energy absorbing structure according to claim 3, wherein: the third-layer buffer longitudinal impact structure comprises a third-layer structure shell which is of a semi-closed structure and is detachably connected below the second-layer structure shell and a plate spring arranged in the third-layer structure shell, and the length direction of the plate spring is arranged along the transverse direction of the third-layer structure shell; the left and right sides at third layer structure shell top is provided with the leaf spring clamp downwards and passes through leaf spring clamp joint leaf spring.
9. The negative poisson's ratio effect cushioning, shock absorbing and energy absorbing structure of claim 8, wherein: the third layer of buffering longitudinal impact structure further comprises a connecting plate, wherein support frames are upwards arranged at two transverse ends of the connecting plate, a hinge shaft is arranged between the two support frames at each end, and two ends of each plate spring are provided with a rolling hoop and connected to the hinge shaft through the rolling hoop.
10. The negative poisson's ratio effect cushioning, shock absorbing and energy absorbing structure of claim 9, wherein: the bottom of the third layer of buffer longitudinal impact structure is provided with a square hole, and the bottom of the lateral plate at two transverse sides of the shell of the third layer of buffer longitudinal impact structure is provided with a long baffle; the distance between the bottom of the middle square steel and the top of the plate spring is slightly larger than the vertical height of the middle square steel wedge-shaped structure; the front side and the rear side of the third layer of longitudinal impact buffering structure are provided with convex-concave structures, and the convex-concave structures on the two sides are matched to enable a plurality of buffering, damping and energy absorbing structures with negative Poisson's ratio effects to be used as basic infinitesimal structures to be assembled.
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