CN114591557A - Flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material, which comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 50-60% of low-density polyethylene, 15-30% of silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate, 5-20% of dipentaerythritol and 1-5% of silicon dioxide coated melamine urate. The invention utilizes silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate as an acid source and a small amount of gas source, dipentaerythritol as a carbon source and silicon dioxide coated melamine urate as a main gas source to form an intumescent flame retardant system, and the modified intumescent flame retardant low density polyethylene composite material is prepared by melt blending. The oxygen index of the product can meet the requirement of difficult combustion and reduce the smoke release amount, and meanwhile, the mechanical property of the product is far superior to that of the similar products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of materials, and particularly relates to a flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material and a preparation method thereof.
The background art comprises the following steps:
low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) is a resin material and is also an important component of composite materials. Because LDPE has the characteristics of low price, good mechanical and processing properties, good physical and chemical properties, less harm to human and environment and easy repeated use of engineering thermoplastic plastics, the LDPE is widely applied to industry, agriculture and daily life. However, polyethylene has severely limited its use, particularly for products with high flame retardant requirements, such as electrical cables, because it is flammable at lower temperatures and produces large amounts of flammable droplets. Therefore, the flame retardant modification of the flame retardant has become a research hotspot of numerous scholars.
One of the simplest ways to increase the flame retardancy of LDPE is to add flame retardants. The most common flame retardants are halogen-based flame retardants, inorganic flame retardants or intumescent flame retardants. Halogen-based flame retardants have excellent flame retardant properties, but generate highly toxic gases during combustion, and are not currently accepted by the environment. The inorganic flame retardant has the characteristics of good stability, low toxicity, no corrosive gas, long-term flame retardant effect and the like, however, in order to enable the LDPE to have high flame retardancy, the addition amount of the inorganic flame retardant needs to be increased. Due to the incompatibility of the inorganic filler and the organic material, the flame retardancy of the LDPE can be ensured by adding a large amount of the inorganic flame retardant, but the mechanical properties of the LDPE are greatly reduced. The traditional Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR) takes P, N, C as a core component, and can form a layer of expanded porous protective carbon layer on the surface of a polymer after being heated and decomposed, so that the heat and oxygen transfer is inhibited, the combustible output is reduced, the polymer molten drop can be inhibited, the effective Flame retardance of the polymer is realized, and the mechanical property of the polymer can be reduced after the IFR is added.
Therefore, the invention is especially provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a modified intumescent flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material and a preparation method thereof, which improve the flame-retardant property of low-density polyethylene on the premise of ensuring that the tensile strength of the low-density polyethylene is not sacrificed as much as possible, and solve the problem of serious dripping of molten drops during combustion.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material, and the raw materials of the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material comprise, by mass, 50-60% of low-density polyethylene, 15-30% of silica-coated ammonium polyphosphate, 5-20% of dipentaerythritol and 1-5% of silica-coated melamine urate.
Preferably or alternatively, the silica-coated ammonium polyphosphate in the raw material is prepared by the following steps:
mixing ammonium polyphosphate, ethanol and deionized water, adjusting pH to be alkaline by using an ammonia solution, adding OP-10, keeping the temperature and stirring at 40 ℃, adding silicate ester, continuing to keep the temperature and stirring for reaction, adding a silane coupling agent with vinyl, heating to 60 ℃, keeping the temperature and stirring for reaction for 1h, filtering to obtain a solid product, and washing by using ethanol to obtain the catalyst.
Preferably or alternatively, the silicate is any one of methyl orthosilicate, ethyl orthosilicate, propyl orthosilicate and butyl orthosilicate.
Preferably or optionally, the silane coupling agent with vinyl group is any one of vinyltriethoxysilane, KH570, vinyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltrimethylsilane.
Preferably or alternatively, the silica-coated melamine urate in the raw material is prepared by the following steps:
mixing melamine urate, ethanol and deionized water, adjusting pH to be alkaline by using an ammonia solution, adding OP-10, keeping the temperature and stirring at 40 ℃, adding silicate ester, continuing to keep the temperature and stirring for reaction, adding a silane coupling agent with vinyl, heating to 60 ℃, keeping the temperature and stirring for reaction for 1h, filtering to obtain a solid product, and washing by using ethanol to obtain the catalyst.
Preferably or alternatively, the silicate is any one of methyl orthosilicate, ethyl orthosilicate, propyl orthosilicate and butyl orthosilicate.
Preferably or optionally, the silane coupling agent with vinyl group is any one of vinyltriethoxysilane, KH570, vinyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltrimethylsilane.
In another aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preheating by an internal mixer, and adding low-density polyethylene;
s2, adding a mixture of silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate, dipentaerythritol and silicon dioxide coated melamine urate;
s3, mixing for 10-15min to obtain the product.
Preferably or alternatively, the preheating temperature of the internal mixer is 155-165 ℃.
The invention utilizes silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate as an acid source and a small amount of gas source dipentaerythritol as a carbon source, and silicon dioxide coated melamine urate as a main gas source to form an intumescent flame retardant system, and the modified intumescent flame retardant low density polyethylene composite material is prepared by melt blending. The oxygen index of the product can meet the requirement of difficult combustion, the release amount of smoke is reduced, and the problem that the mechanical property of the material is greatly reduced by adding a flame retardant in the prior art is solved. The mechanical property of the modified intumescent flame retardant low density polyethylene composite material product prepared by the invention is far better than that of the similar product with the similar flame retardant property.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) plot of ammonium polyphosphate and silica coated ammonium polyphosphate;
FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of ammonium polyphosphate and silica coated ammonium polyphosphate;
FIG. 3 is a FTIR plot of melamine urate and silica-coated melamine urate;
figure 4 is an XRD pattern of melamine urate and silica-coated melamine urate.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in the invention is a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with the density of 0.91-0.93g/cm3The polyethylene resin material of (1).
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material.
The raw materials of the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material comprise, by weight, 58% of low-density polyethylene, 30% of silica-coated ammonium polyphosphate, 10% of dipentaerythritol and 2% of silica-coated melamine urate.
The silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate in the raw materials is prepared in the following way:
50g of ammonium polyphosphate, 100mL of ethanol and 50mL of deionized water were added to a 500mL three-necked round bottom flask. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 10.0 with ammonia solution and 1g OP-10 was added. The solution in the flask was mechanically stirred in a water bath to 40 ℃ at 500 r/min. After stirring for a further 10min, 10g TEOS were added and stirring was continued for 4 hours at 40 ℃. 1g of YDH-151 was added while the temperature was raised to 60 ℃ and the reaction was continued with stirring for 1 h. Filtering to obtain a solid product, washing with ethanol, and drying in vacuum to obtain the silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate.
The silica-coated melamine urate in the raw materials is prepared in the following manner:
50g of melamine urate, 100mL of ethanol and 50mL of deionized water were added to a 500mL three-necked round-bottom flask. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 10.0 with ammonia solution and 1g OP-10 was added. The solution in the flask was mechanically stirred in a water bath to 40 ℃ at 500 r/min. After stirring for a further 10min, 10g TEOS were added and stirring was continued at 40 ℃ for 4 h. 1g of YDH-151 was added while the temperature was raised to 60 ℃ and the reaction was continued with stirring for 1 h. Filtering to obtain a solid product, washing with ethanol, and drying in vacuum to obtain the silicon dioxide coated melamine urate.
The flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material is prepared by the following method:
placing low-density polyethylene, silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate, dipentaerythritol and silicon dioxide coated melamine urate which are used as raw materials in a drying oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying to remove water;
preheating an internal mixer to 155 ℃, slowly adding low-density polyethylene after the temperature is stable, and slowly adding a mixture of silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate, dipentaerythritol and silicon dioxide coated melamine urate after the low-density polyethylene is added, so that the raw materials are fully extruded, sheared and uniformly mixed in the internal mixer. And mixing for 10min to obtain the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material product.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material.
The raw materials of the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material comprise, by weight, 50% of low-density polyethylene, 30% of silica-coated ammonium polyphosphate, 10% of dipentaerythritol and 10% of silica-coated melamine urate.
The preparation method of the silica-coated ammonium polyphosphate in the raw material is the same as that in example 1.
The preparation of silica-coated melamine urate in the starting material was the same as in example 1.
The flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material is prepared by the following method:
placing low-density polyethylene, silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate, dipentaerythritol and silicon dioxide coated melamine urate which are used as raw materials in a drying oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying to remove water;
preheating an internal mixer to 155 ℃, slowly adding low-density polyethylene after the temperature is stable, and slowly adding a mixture of silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate, dipentaerythritol and silicon dioxide coated melamine urate after the low-density polyethylene is added, so that the raw materials are fully extruded, sheared and uniformly mixed in the internal mixer. And mixing for 10min to obtain the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material product.
Example 3
The embodiment of the invention provides a flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material.
The raw materials of the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material comprise, by weight, 55% of low-density polyethylene, 30% of silica-coated ammonium polyphosphate, 10% of dipentaerythritol and 5% of silica-coated melamine urate.
The preparation method of the silica-coated ammonium polyphosphate in the raw material is the same as that in example 1.
The preparation of silica-coated melamine urate in the starting material was the same as in example 1.
The flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material is prepared by the following method:
placing low-density polyethylene, silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate, dipentaerythritol and silicon dioxide coated melamine urate which are used as raw materials in a drying oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying to remove water;
preheating an internal mixer to 155 ℃, slowly adding low-density polyethylene after the temperature is stable, and slowly adding a mixture of silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate, dipentaerythritol and silicon dioxide coated melamine urate after the low-density polyethylene is added, so that the raw materials are fully extruded, sheared and uniformly mixed in the internal mixer. And mixing for 10min to obtain the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material product.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a flame retardant low density polyethylene composite.
The raw materials of the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material comprise, by weight, 60% of low-density polyethylene, 30% of ammonium polyphosphate and 10% of dipentaerythritol.
Placing low-density polyethylene, ammonium polyphosphate and dipentaerythritol which are used as raw materials in a drying oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying to remove water;
preheating an internal mixer to 155 ℃, slowly adding low-density polyethylene after the temperature is stable, and slowly adding a mixture of ammonium polyphosphate and dipentaerythritol after the low-density polyethylene is added, so that the raw materials are fully extruded, sheared and uniformly mixed in the internal mixer. And mixing for 10min to obtain the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material product.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a flame retardant low density polyethylene composite.
The raw materials of the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material comprise, by weight, 58% of low-density polyethylene, 30% of silica-coated ammonium polyphosphate, 10% of dipentaerythritol and 2% of melamine urate.
Wherein, the preparation method of the silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate in the raw material is the same as that of the silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate in the example 2.
The flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material is prepared by the following method:
putting low-density polyethylene, silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate, dipentaerythritol and melamine urate which are used as raw materials into an oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying to remove water;
preheating an internal mixer to 155 ℃, slowly adding low-density polyethylene after the temperature is stable, and slowly adding a mixture of silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate, dipentaerythritol and melamine urate after the low-density polyethylene is added, so that the raw materials are fully extruded, sheared and uniformly mixed in the internal mixer. And mixing for 10min to obtain the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material product.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example provides a flame retardant low density polyethylene composite.
The raw materials of the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material comprise 60 percent of low-density polyethylene and 40 percent of ammonium polyphosphate in percentage by weight.
Placing low-density polyethylene and ammonium polyphosphate which are used as raw materials in a drying oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying to remove water;
preheating an internal mixer to 155 ℃, slowly adding low-density polyethylene after the temperature is stable, and slowly adding ammonium polyphosphate after the low-density polyethylene is added, so that the raw materials are fully extruded, sheared and uniformly mixed in the internal mixer. And mixing for 10min to obtain the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material product.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example provides a flame retardant low density polyethylene composite.
The raw materials of the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material comprise 60 percent of low-density polyethylene and 40 percent of silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate in percentage by weight.
Wherein, the preparation method of the silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate in the raw material is the same as that of the silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate in the example 1.
Placing low-density polyethylene and silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate which are used as raw materials in a drying oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying to remove water;
preheating an internal mixer to 155 ℃, slowly adding low-density polyethylene after the temperature is stable, and slowly adding silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate after the low-density polyethylene is added, so that the raw materials are fully extruded, sheared and uniformly mixed in the internal mixer. And mixing for 10min to obtain the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material product.
Comparative example 5
The embodiment of the invention provides a flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material.
The raw materials of the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material comprise, by weight, 60% of low-density polyethylene, 30% of silicon dioxide-coated ammonium polyphosphate and 10% of dipentaerythritol.
The silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate in the raw materials is prepared in the following way:
the preparation method of the silica-coated ammonium polyphosphate in the raw material is the same as that in example 1.
The flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material is prepared by the following method:
putting low-density polyethylene, silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate and dipentaerythritol which are used as raw materials into a drying oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours, and drying to remove water;
preheating an internal mixer to 155 ℃, slowly adding low-density polyethylene after the temperature is stable, and slowly adding a mixture of silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate and dipentaerythritol after the low-density polyethylene is added, so that the raw materials are fully extruded, sheared and uniformly mixed in the internal mixer. And mixing for 10min to obtain the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material product.
Effect example 1
FTIR and XRD measurements were performed on the silica-coated ammonium polyphosphate, silica-coated melamine urate prepared in example 2 and ammonium polyphosphate and melamine urate, respectively, and the results are shown in FIGS. 1-4.
FIG. 1 is an FTIR chart of ammonium polyphosphate and silica-coated ammonium polyphosphate, from which it can be seen that the typical characteristic peak of ammonium polyphosphate has 3431cm-1Characteristic peak of N-H at 1020cm-1PO of2And PO3Symmetrical vibration peak of 1253cm-1P ═ O bond and 1079cm-1Symmetric stretching vibration peak of P-O bond at 886cm-1P-O bond at and 802cm-1Asymmetric stretching vibration peak of P-O-P bond. The absorption peak of the silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate is 1440cm except the typical ammonium polyphosphate characteristic peak-1The characteristic peaks for C ═ C are also shown here. At the same time, at 1106cm-1And 1250cm-1The characteristic peaks of Si-O-Si and Si-O-C appear and are 1079cm-1And 1253cm-1And the strong absorption peak of the characteristic peak of ammonium polyphosphate covers the strong absorption peak. This shows that example 2 successfully produces a shell vinyl-containing silica gel-coated ammonium polyphosphate.
Figure 2 is an XRD pattern of ammonium polyphosphate and silica coated ammonium polyphosphate. As can be seen from the figure, the characteristic absorption peaks of the ammonium polyphosphate are at diffraction angles of 14.57 degrees, 15.42 degrees, 20.06 degrees and 22.8 degrees 2 theta. With the introduction of TEOS and YDH-15, the peak values of the silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate have no obvious change, which indicates that the ammonium polyphosphate crystal structure is stable. And the peak value of the silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate at 22.8 degrees is enhanced because TEOS and YDH-151 contain silicon elements. The XRD results confirmed that example 2 successfully prepared a shell vinyl-containing silica gel-encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate, which was consistent with the FTIR pattern results.
FIG. 3 is an FTIR chart showing that the concentration of melamine urate and silica-coated melamine urate is 3389cm-1，3230cm-1，1780cm-1，1736cm-1，1662cm-1，1536cm-1，1450cm-1And 1203cm-1Characteristic peaks of melamine urate appear. The absorption peak of the silica-coated melamine urate is 1087cm except the characteristic peak of the typical melamine urate-1A Si-O-Si asymmetric stretching vibration absorption peak, 970cm-1The flexural vibration absorption peak at Si-OH disappeared, indicating that there was a possibility that a part of Si-OH reacted with melamine urate, while at the same time 804cm-1The stretching vibration absorption peak of Si-O appears, which shows that SiO2The sol may be bound to MCA. This shows that example 2 successfully produces a shell vinyl-containing silica gel-coated melamine urate.
FIG. 4 is an XRD pattern of melamine urate and silica-coated melamine urate, from which characteristic absorption peaks of melamine urate at diffraction angles 2 θ of 11.03 °, 11.96 °, 21.95 °, 28.05 ° and 33.18 ° are known. With the introduction of TEOS and YDH-15, the peak value of the melamine urate coated by silicon dioxide is shifted, but the change is not obvious, which indicates that the crystal structure of the melamine urate is stable. And SiO in the silicon dioxide coated melamine urate2Is close to the 22.08 DEG peak of melamine urate, so that SiO2The peak at 22.8 ° is not shown, while the peak at 28.05 ° is enhanced for silica-coated melamine urate due to the silicon element in TEOS and YDH-151. The results of XRD confirmed the successful preparation of example 2A shell vinyl containing silica gel coated melamine urate was produced, consistent with the results of the FTIR plot.
Effect example 2
The flame retardant low density polyethylene composites prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were subjected to the related tests of vertical burning, limiting oxygen index, tensile strength and elongation at break, and the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 results of flame retardancy test of examples and comparative examples
| Test items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | Comparative example 5 |
| Vertical combustion | V-0 | V-0 | V-0 | V-2 | V-0 | NR | NR | V-0 |
| Limiting oxygen index (%) | 30.3 | 29.2 | 29.8 | 22.6 | 27.2 | 17.2 | 19.3 | 25.9 |
The vertical burning test was conducted according to American national Standard UL-94(ANSI/ASTM D635-77), and the size of each test specimen was 125X 12.5X 3.2 mm. In the evaluation scale, V-0 indicates that the vertical specimen stopped burning within 10s and no droplets were allowed; v-1 indicates that the vertical specimen stopped burning within 30s and no droplets were allowed; v-2 indicates that the vertical specimen stopped burning within 30 seconds and that the burning material was allowed to drip.
The limiting oxygen index is determined by means of an oxygen index meter according to the American national Standard LOI (ASTM D2863-97) and has a size of 120X 6.5X 3.2mm per specimen. The item tested the lowest oxygen concentration at which the material just maintained equilibrium combustion, with higher indices being better for flame retardant materials.
As can be seen from Table 1, the modified intumescent flame retardant low density polyethylene composite material is prepared by melting and blending the intumescent flame retardant system formed by using silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate as an acid source and a small amount of dipentaerythritol as a carbon source and silicon dioxide coated melamine urate as a main gas source. The prepared modified intumescent flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material has good flame-retardant property and solves the problem of molten drop. For the flame retardant material, the limited oxygen index is more than 27%, namely the flame retardant material is obtained, therefore, the modified expanded flame retardant low density polyethylene composite material prepared in the embodiments 1 to 3 can be called as the flame retardant material, and the flame retardant property is far better than that of other similar products.
Effect example 3
The flame retardant low density polyethylene composite materials prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were subjected to the related tests of tensile strength and elongation at break, and the test results are shown in table 2.
The tensile strength and the elongation at break are tested by adopting a universal material testing machine according to the national standard GB/T1040.2-2006, the tensile rate at room temperature is 20 +/-2 mm/min, the size of each sample is 2 multiplied by 4mm dumbbell shape, and each sample is measured for 5 times to obtain an average value. The higher the tensile strength and the higher the elongation at break of the specimen, the better the mechanical strength of the specimen.
TABLE 2 results of mechanical Properties test of examples and comparative examples
| Test items | Example 1 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | Comparative example 5 |
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 13.52 | 10.56 | 12.92 | 12.51 | 12.62 | 12.45 |
| Elongation at Break (%) | 14.65 | 12.50 | 13.33 | 13.20 | 13.60 | 13.60 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the mechanical properties of the prepared modified intumescent flame retardant low density polyethylene composite material product are superior to those of similar products through the improvement of the components, and the technical problem that the mechanical properties of the product are greatly reduced by adding a flame retardant into a low density polyethylene material in the prior art is solved.
In conclusion, the invention utilizes the silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate as an acid source and a small amount of gas source dipentaerythritol as a carbon source, and the silicon dioxide coated melamine urate as a main gas source to form an expansion flame-retardant system, and the modified expansion flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material is prepared by melt blending. The oxygen index of the product can meet the requirement of difficult combustion, the release amount of smoke is reduced, and the problem that the mechanical property of the material is greatly reduced by adding a flame retardant in the prior art is solved. The mechanical property of the modified intumescent flame retardant low density polyethylene composite material product prepared by the invention is far better than that of the similar product with the similar flame retardant property.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material is characterized in that the raw materials of the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material comprise, by mass, 50-60% of low-density polyethylene, 15-30% of silica-coated ammonium polyphosphate, 5-20% of dipentaerythritol and 1-5% of silica-coated melamine urate.
2. The low density polyethylene composite material according to claim 1, wherein the silica-coated ammonium polyphosphate in the raw material is prepared by the following steps:
mixing 30-50g of ammonium polyphosphate, 50.0-100mL of ethanol and 10-50mL of deionized water, adjusting the pH value to be alkaline by using an ammonia solution, adding 1-3g of OP-10, keeping the temperature and stirring at 25-40 ℃, adding 10-13g of silicate ester, continuing keeping the temperature and stirring for reaction, adding 1-3g of silane coupling agent with vinyl, heating to 40-60 ℃, keeping the temperature and stirring for reaction for 1-1.5h, filtering to obtain a solid product, and washing by using ethanol to obtain the catalyst.
3. The low density polyethylene composite material according to claim 2, wherein the silicate is any one of methyl orthosilicate, ethyl orthosilicate, propyl orthosilicate and butyl orthosilicate.
4. The low-density polyethylene composite material according to claim 2, wherein the silane coupling agent having a vinyl group is any one of vinyltriethoxysilane, KH570, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and vinyltrimethylsilane.
5. The low density polyethylene composite according to claim 1, wherein the silica-coated melamine urate in the raw materials is prepared by the following steps:
mixing 30-50g of melamine urate, 50-100mL of ethanol and 10-50mL of deionized water, adjusting the pH value to be alkaline by using an ammonia solution, adding 1-3g of OP-10, keeping the temperature and stirring at 25-40 ℃, adding 10-13g of silicate ester, continuing keeping the temperature and stirring for reaction, adding 1-3g of silane coupling agent with vinyl, heating to 40-60 ℃, keeping the temperature and stirring for reaction for 1-1.5h, filtering to obtain a solid product, and washing by using ethanol to obtain the melamine urate.
6. The low density polyethylene composite material according to claim 5, wherein the silicate is any one of methyl orthosilicate, ethyl orthosilicate, propyl orthosilicate and butyl orthosilicate.
7. The low-density polyethylene composite material according to claim 5, wherein the silane coupling agent having a vinyl group is any one of vinyltriethoxysilane, KH570, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and vinyltrimethylsilane.
8. A method for preparing a flame retardant low density polyethylene composite according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preheating by an internal mixer, and adding low-density polyethylene;
s2, adding a mixture of silicon dioxide coated ammonium polyphosphate, dipentaerythritol and silicon dioxide coated melamine urate;
s3, mixing for 10-15min to obtain the product.
9. The method for preparing the flame-retardant low-density polyethylene composite material as claimed in claim 8, wherein the preheating temperature of the internal mixer is 155-165 ℃.
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