CN114584292A - Physical layer key generation preprocessing method based on symplectic transformation - Google Patents
Physical layer key generation preprocessing method based on symplectic transformation Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0861—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0875—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords based on channel impulse response [CIR]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/04—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
- H04W12/041—Key generation or derivation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
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Abstract
The invention discloses a physical layer key generation preprocessing method based on symplectic transformation, which comprises the steps that firstly, two wireless communication parties Alice and Bob respectively collect uplink and downlink channel characteristic measured values, then, the collected uplink and downlink channel characteristic measured values are respectively subjected to symplectic transformation, and finally, a channel characteristic result on a delay Doppler domain is obtained. The generated channel characteristics of the delay-doppler domain can further generate a key through steps of quantization, key agreement, a privacy method and the like. The invention solves the problem of low key generation consistency rate caused by poor channel reciprocity caused by high-speed movement of the terminal. The method is used for improving the consistency of the key of the physical layer and enhancing the safety of a wireless communication system, can be particularly applied to wireless key distribution, comprises the fields of safe communication, millimeter wave communication, underwater communication, military communication and the like, and can be expanded to multi-node communication scenes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of communication security, relates to a key generation technology in a wireless communication system, and particularly relates to a physical layer key generation preprocessing method based on octyl transform.
Background
With the development of communication technology, the application scenarios of wireless communication are continuously expanded, and the requirements of both communication parties on confidentiality in the communication process are higher and higher. Currently, symmetric/asymmetric encryption is mainly used in wireless communication networks, and the key is distribution and management of keys. The traditional key distribution and management mainly adopts a mode of pre-negotiation or key exchange, however, a key distribution mechanism of the pre-negotiation has potential safety hazard, and a key safety mechanism based on computational complexity also faces a risk of being cracked along with the development of a quantum computer.
In recent years, physical layer key generation (PKG) technology has received wide attention at home and abroad due to its features of small calculation amount, low complexity, good security, etc. It has the characteristics of short-time reciprocity, time-varying property, spatial decorrelation and the like of a wireless channel. According to the short-time reciprocity of the wireless channel, signals transmitted by two communication parties at the same time and the same frequency experience the same fading characteristic. In a time division duplex system, if the probe time of the two communicating parties does not exceed the coherence time of the channel, the two communicating parties are highly correlated. Therefore, both communication parties can use the wireless channel characteristics as a random source of the shared key, the distribution-free key is realized, and the problem of difficult key distribution and management of the traditional key encryption is solved.
However, the channel considered by the conventional physical layer key generation is a slow time-varying channel, which can ensure the reciprocity of the uplink and downlink channels, thereby reducing the inconsistency rate of the initial key. However, with the continuous expansion of communication application scenarios, the ideal state of the slow time-varying channel is not suitable for the high-speed moving scenario, in which the channel changes greatly in a short time, and the reciprocity of the uplink and downlink channels of the fast time-varying channel is seriously affected. Usually, the characteristics of the uplink and downlink channels obtained by using channel estimation in the time-frequency domain are obviously changed, which results in the decrease of key consistency and is not beneficial to the generation of keys of wireless channels. In a high-speed mobile scene, the physical propagation characteristic of a channel can be reflected by converting the time-frequency domain channel state matrix into the time delay Doppler domain, and the short-time reciprocity of the channel can be ensured by considering that the channel change on the time delay Doppler domain is far slower than the time-frequency domain channel change, so that the problem of poor channel reciprocity in a high-speed scene can be well solved by carrying out sine transformation pretreatment on the time-frequency domain channel state matrix, and the consistency rate of key generation is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a physical layer key generation preprocessing method based on symplectic transformation, which can effectively solve the problem of poor channel reciprocity in a high-speed mobile scene.
The invention relates to a physical layer key generation method applied to a high-speed moving scene, which is carried out in a time delay Doppler domain and comprises the following steps:
firstly, pilot frequency is sent by two wireless communication parties Alice and Bob in turn in different time slots respectively, instantaneous channel state information is estimated, and sine transformation preprocessing is carried out to obtain a channel state matrix on a delay Doppler domain.
The method for preprocessing the symplectic transformation comprises the following steps:
1) the two wireless communication parties Alice and Bob respectively send pilot frequency in different time slots in turn, and the receiving end (including Alice or Bob) carries out channel estimation on the received signal to obtain instantaneous channel state information on a plurality of carriers.
2) And respectively extracting instantaneous channel state information obtained by estimation on a plurality of time slots by Alice and Bob to form a two-dimensional channel state matrix comprising a time dimension and a frequency dimension.
3) And respectively carrying out symplectic transformation on the respective channel state matrixes by Alice and Bob to obtain a two-dimensional channel state matrix on the delay Doppler domain.
4) And respectively using the channel state matrix on the delay-Doppler domain generated in the step 3) by Alice and Bob as the input of the subsequent key generation steps of quantization and the like.
In the preferred scheme of the method of the present invention, the instantaneous channel state information of step 1) is channel state responses on a plurality of carriers obtained by Alice and Bob channel estimation in a single antenna system; in multiple daysUnder the line system is
Wherein n isr，ntRespectively representing the number of transmitting ends and the number of receiving ends, h, of the multi-antenna systemijAnd performing channel estimation on the pilot frequency sent by the sending end i for the receiving end j to obtain channel state responses on a plurality of carriers.
In a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention, the dimension of the two-dimensional channel state matrix of step 2) is determined by the required key rate and consistency requirement. The frequency dimension of the matrix can be the number of all subcarriers or the number of extracted part of subcarriers; the time dimension of the matrix may be the total number of slots of one or more frames used for channel estimation or may be the number of extracted partial slots.
In a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention, the channel state matrix in step 2) is composed of:
firstly, the instantaneous channel state information obtained by each estimation is expressed as a row vector (or a column vector), and all the instantaneous channel states obtained by extracting a plurality of time slot estimations form a channel state matrix H in the form of the row vector (or the column vector)TFThe dimension of the obtained channel state matrix is M × N (or N × M), where M represents the number of slots and N represents the number of subcarriers.
In a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention, in step 3), Alice and Bob respectively perform a symplectic transformation preprocessing on the channel state matrix obtained in step 2), and the matrix form of the symplectic transformation preprocessing is expressed as
Wherein FMAnd FNA discrete fourier transform matrix that is normalized in both M and N dimensions. HDDRepresenting the two-dimensional channel state matrix of the delay-Doppler domain in the step 3), and the matrix HDDDimension and HTFThe same is true.
The method is suitable for a high-speed mobile communication scene or a fast time-varying channel scene, and can improve the short-time reciprocity of the channel by transforming the time-frequency domain channel state matrix into the time delay Doppler domain channel state matrix by using the sine transformation preprocessing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. in the prior art, slow mobile communication or static communication is mostly used as an application scene, and the problems of channel reciprocity reduction and the like caused by noise, hardware equipment and the like are solved, but the methods are not suitable for a high-speed mobile communication scene. The method of the invention takes high-speed mobile communication as an application scene, and solves the problems of poor channel reciprocity and the like.
2. The method of the invention is realized by converting the channel state matrix H of the time-frequency domainTFChannel state matrix H converted to delay-doppler domainDDThe method can solve the problems of poor channel reciprocity and the like caused by high-speed movement of the terminal. The upper channel state matrix H of the delay-Doppler domainDDAs an input for subsequent quantization, it may help to improve the initial key agreement rate in physical layer key generation.
3. In the method, Alice and Bob respectively carry out symplectic transformation pretreatment on the channel state matrix, and no information is transmitted, so that the safety is guaranteed; the geometric characteristics of the channel can be described by the symplectic transformation preprocessing, the physical propagation characteristics in the channel are reflected, instantaneous channel state information estimated by an eavesdropper arbitrarily positioned outside the coherent distance is irrelevant to instantaneous channel state information estimated by Alice and Bob, and the security is guaranteed.
4. The physical layer key generation preprocessing method based on the symplectic transformation can be extended to a general communication system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a method for generating a delay-Doppler domain channel feature matrix according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is the reciprocity of the instantaneous channel state information of the time-frequency domain in the high-speed mobile scenario in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows reciprocity of the state matrix of the delay-Doppler domain channel in the high-speed mobile scenario in the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are to be understood as merely illustrative of the invention and not as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
As shown in fig. 1, in the embodiment of the method of the present invention, a physical layer key generation preprocessing method based on symplectic transformation provides an implementation approach for enhancing channel short-time reciprocity in a time division duplex system.
Defining Alice and Bob as two communication parties; wherein, Alice is a communication base station, and Bob is a legal user (which may be a mobile car or a high-speed rail in the method of the present invention). Defining a channel state matrix obtained by Alice sending pilot frequency and Bob performing channel estimation as
Bob sends pilot frequency, and the channel state matrix obtained by Alice channel estimation is
Is a two-dimensional channel state matrix in both the time dimension and the frequency dimension. Definition of
Is composed of
The channel state matrix obtained by the symplectic transform preprocessing,
is composed of
By passingThe channel state matrix obtained by the pre-processing of the symplectic transform,
is a two-dimensional channel matrix in the delay dimension and the doppler dimension.
In this embodiment, a preprocessing process of a channel state matrix after acquiring system wireless channel state information is described, and subsequent key generation links such as quantization, information reconciliation, privacy amplification and the like are not described in this embodiment. In this embodiment, Alice and Bob have strict security requirements on the generated secret key, and in order to avoid secret key information leakage, Alice and Bob do not have any information interaction in the physical layer secret key generation preprocessing method based on the symplectic transformation in this embodiment. The data processing flows of Alice and Bob are described below, respectively.
The channel state matrix processing steps are as follows:
1) firstly, a time-frequency domain channel state matrix H is determinedTFIn the present embodiment, the instantaneous channel state information is expressed as a row vector, and the matrix dimension is determined to be M × N, where M is M and N is N.
2) According to the LTE frame structure standard in the LTE36 series standard 36211-880, 10ms is equally distributed into 10 subframes, each subframe is 1ms, and each common subframe is divided into 14 time slots except for a special subframe.
3) The base station Alice sends pilot frequency to a legal user Bob on different time slots of a common sub-frame, and the instantaneous channel state information estimated by the user Bob is a row vector, namely
Where K represents the number of all subcarriers. Extracting instantaneous channel state information of m different time slots and n carriers to form a two-dimensional channel state matrix under a time-frequency domain according to the matrix dimension determined in the step 1)
Wherein n is less than or equal to K.
4) After a time interval of 1ms, the legal user Bob sends the base station Alice with a normal subframeTransmitting pilot frequency on the same time slot, and obtaining instantaneous channel state information estimated by the base station Alice as a row vector, namely
Where K represents the number of all subcarriers. Extracting instantaneous channel state information of m different time slots and n carriers to form a two-dimensional channel state matrix under a time-frequency domain according to the matrix dimension determined in the step 1)
Wherein n is less than or equal to K, and the frequencies of the subcarriers extracted in the step 3) and the step 4) are the same.
2. The octyl transform preprocessing steps are as follows:
1) as shown in fig. 2, Alice and Bob respectively calculate the symplectic transformation result of the channel state matrix,
wherein, FMAnd FNA discrete Fourier transform matrix of normalized M dimension and N dimension;
and
is M × N.
2) Alice and Bob calculate the channel state matrix of the delay-Doppler domain obtained in the last step
As input to a subsequent key generation step, such as quantization.
The time-frequency domain instantaneous channel state information obtained by Alice and Bob in different time slot estimation under the high-speed moving scene is shown in figure 3, and the channel state matrix of the delay-Doppler domain obtained by performing sine change preprocessing on the time-frequency domain channel state matrix by Alice and Bob under the high-speed moving scene is shown in figure 4. Wherein uplink is pilot frequency sent by Bob and channel estimation of Alice; downlink sends pilot for Alice, Bob channel estimation.
The technical means disclosed in the invention scheme are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical scheme formed by any combination of the above technical features.
Claims (5)
1. A physical layer key generation preprocessing method based on symplectic transformation is characterized in that in the method, firstly, pilot frequencies are sent by two wireless communication parties Alice and Bob in turn at different time slots respectively, instantaneous channel state information is estimated, symplectic transformation preprocessing is carried out, and a channel state matrix on a delay Doppler domain is obtained;
the method for preprocessing the symplectic transformation comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the steps that pilot frequencies are sent by two wireless communication parties, namely Alice and Bob in different time slots in turn, and a receiving end (comprising Alice or Bob) carries out channel estimation on a received signal to obtain instantaneous channel state information on a plurality of carriers;
2) respectively extracting instantaneous channel state information estimated on a plurality of time slots by Alice and Bob to form a two-dimensional channel state matrix comprising a time dimension and a frequency dimension;
3) respectively carrying out symplectic transformation on the respective channel state matrixes by Alice and Bob to obtain a two-dimensional channel state matrix on a delay Doppler domain;
4) and respectively using the channel state matrix on the delay-Doppler domain generated in the step 3) by Alice and Bob as the input of the subsequent key generation steps of quantization and the like.
2. The pre-processing method for physical layer key generation based on symplectic transformation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the instantaneous channel state information of step 1) is channel state responses on multiple carriers obtained by channel estimation for Alice and Bob respectively under a single antenna system; under the multi-antenna system are
Wherein n isr，ntRespectively representing the number of transmitting ends and the number of receiving ends, h, of the multi-antenna systemijFor the receiving endj performs channel estimation on the pilot frequency sent by the sending end i to obtain channel state responses on a plurality of carriers.
3. The symplectic transform-based physical layer key generation preprocessing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dimension of the two-dimensional channel state matrix of step 2) is determined by the required key rate and consistency requirement; wherein, the frequency dimension of the matrix adopts the number of all carriers or adopts the number of extracted partial carriers; the time dimension of the matrix takes the number of all slots of one or more frames used for channel estimation or takes the number of extracted partial slots.
4. The physical layer key generation preprocessing method based on symplectic transformation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the channel state matrix of step 2) is composed as follows:
firstly, the instantaneous channel state information obtained by each estimation is expressed as a row vector or a column vector, and all the instantaneous channel states obtained by extracting a plurality of time slot estimations form a channel state matrix H in the form of the row vector or the column vectorTFThe dimension of the obtained channel state matrix is M × N or N × M, wherein M represents the number of time slots, and N represents the number of subcarriers.
5. The pre-processing method for physical layer key generation based on symplectic transform as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3), Alice and Bob respectively perform symplectic transform pre-processing on the channel state matrix obtained in step 2), and the matrix form of the symplectic transform pre-processing is expressed as
Wherein FMAnd FNA discrete Fourier transform matrix of normalized M dimension and N dimension; hDDRepresenting the two-dimensional channel state matrix of the delay-Doppler domain in the step 3), and the matrix HDDDimension and HTFThe same is true.
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| CN117134909A (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-11-28 | 网络通信与安全紫金山实验室 | Decorrelation channel key generation method, device, communication equipment and storage medium |
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| WO2017003952A1 (en) * | 2015-06-27 | 2017-01-05 | Cohere Technologies, Inc. | Orthogonal time frequency space communication system compatible with ofdm |
| CN109348739A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2019-02-15 | 凝聚技术公司 | Reference signal for wireless communication encapsulates |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2017003952A1 (en) * | 2015-06-27 | 2017-01-05 | Cohere Technologies, Inc. | Orthogonal time frequency space communication system compatible with ofdm |
| CN109348739A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2019-02-15 | 凝聚技术公司 | Reference signal for wireless communication encapsulates |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117134909A (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-11-28 | 网络通信与安全紫金山实验室 | Decorrelation channel key generation method, device, communication equipment and storage medium |
| CN117134909B (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2024-03-29 | 网络通信与安全紫金山实验室 | Decorrelation channel key generation method, device, communication equipment and storage medium |
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