CN114583441A - Antenna structure and electronic device - Google Patents
Antenna structure and electronic device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114583441A CN114583441A CN202210348882.5A CN202210348882A CN114583441A CN 114583441 A CN114583441 A CN 114583441A CN 202210348882 A CN202210348882 A CN 202210348882A CN 114583441 A CN114583441 A CN 114583441A
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- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
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Abstract
The application discloses antenna structure and electronic equipment, antenna structure includes: the slot is arranged on one side edge of two opposite side edges of at least one radiator, and the phases of currents distributed on the two opposite side edges of the radiator are different; the radiator and the reference floor are arranged at intervals in a laminated mode; a feed structure for feeding the radiator. In the antenna structure of the embodiment of the application, the slot can enable the current distribution phases of the opposite side edges of the radiator to be different, and a certain phase difference is achieved, so that the directional diagram of the antenna can deflect, the maximum radiation direction of the antenna is changed, the problem of directional diagram deflection of the antenna can be corrected in a complex equipment environment, and the antenna has high-directivity directional diagram performance.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of terminals, and particularly relates to an antenna structure and electronic equipment.
Background
With the development of the 5G communication technology, users have more and more requirements on the functions of electronic equipment, and have higher requirements on the convenience and the intelligence level of the electronic equipment. One of the important requirements is to introduce indoor positioning, object finding, etc. functions into the electronic equipment. The implementation of this function requires the application of a positioning technology in a mobile phone, and an Ultra Wide Band (UWB) positioning technology is concerned in many positioning technologies due to its high positioning accuracy and positioning precision. UWB technology based on Laser-Direct-structuring (LDS) enters the field of view of the industry because of its low cost advantage, but it is difficult to obtain a good directional pattern performance and the radiation directionality is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an antenna structure and an electronic device, which are used to solve the problem that the antenna is not easy to obtain directional diagram performance with high directionality.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna structure, including:
the phase of the current distributed on the two opposite side edges of the radiator is different;
the radiator and the reference floor are arranged at intervals in a laminated mode;
a feed structure for feeding the radiator.
At least one radiator is rectangular, and one side edge of at least one rectangular radiator is provided with the slot.
Wherein the slot extends from an edge of the radiator toward an interior of the radiator.
At least one of the radiators is trapezoidal, and the slot is formed in the upper bottom edge or the lower bottom edge of at least one of the radiators.
Wherein, antenna structure includes:
the branch knot is coupled with at least one radiator, and the periphery in the corner region of at least one radiator is equipped with the branch knot.
The at least one radiator is rectangular, the feed point of the at least one radiator is located in the corner area of the radiator, the feed structure is electrically connected with the feed point, and the branch is arranged around the periphery of the corner area where the feed point is located; and/or
The branch sections are arranged around the periphery of the corner area opposite to the corner area where the feeding point is located.
The feeding structure is electrically connected with the feeding point of the radiator, and the feeding point of at least one radiator is positioned in a right-angle corner area close to the upper bottom of the radiator or an acute-angle corner area close to the lower bottom of the radiator;
the outer periphery of at least one corner area of the right-angle corner area and the acute-angle corner area is provided with the branch knot.
Wherein, the slot is arranged on the upper bottom edge or the lower bottom edge of at least one radiator.
The radiator has three, two the irradiator is followed in the first region the length direction interval of first region sets up, two the irradiator is followed in the second region the length direction interval of second region sets up, first region with the perpendicular overlap of second region, first region with the irradiator of second region in overlap area is same irradiator.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device including the antenna structure described in the foregoing embodiment.
Wherein, electronic equipment still includes:
a frame body;
the support is arranged on the frame body, the reference floor is arranged on one side of the support, and the radiator is arranged on the other side of the support;
the mainboard, the mainboard set up in the one side of keeping away from on the reference floor the mainboard, the feed structure set up in on the mainboard.
Wherein, electronic equipment still includes:
and the shielding cover is arranged on one side of the main board close to the reference floor.
In the antenna structure of this application embodiment, be equipped with the slot on one side border in at least one the relative both sides border of irradiator and the phase place of the current that the relative both sides border of irradiator distributes is different, can make the phase place of the current that the relative both sides border of irradiator distributes different through the slot, has certain phase difference, can make the directional diagram of antenna produce the deflection, changes the maximum radiation direction of antenna, in complicated equipment environment, can rectify the directional diagram deflection problem of antenna, makes the antenna have the directional diagram performance of high directionality, has improved the directionality of antenna.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of an electronic device in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2a is a schematic view of a distribution of radiators in an electronic device;
FIG. 2b is a schematic view of a distribution of the reference floor in the electronic device;
FIG. 2c is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2d is a schematic view of a through hole in the reference floor;
FIG. 2e is a schematic view of the distribution of through holes on the reference floor;
fig. 3a is a schematic view of an antenna without a slot on the radiator;
FIG. 3b is a side view of the antenna structure of FIG. 3 a;
fig. 3c is a graph of the performance of a directivity pattern of the antenna of fig. 3 a;
fig. 4a is a schematic view of an antenna with a slot on the radiator;
fig. 4b is a side view of the antenna structure of fig. 4 a;
fig. 4c is a graph of the performance of a directivity pattern of the antenna of fig. 4 a;
fig. 5a is a schematic view of an antenna without a slot on the radiator;
FIG. 5b is a graph illustrating the performance of a directivity pattern of the antenna of FIG. 5 a;
fig. 5c is a schematic view of an antenna with a slot in the radiator;
fig. 5d is a graph of the performance of a directivity pattern of the antenna of fig. 5 c;
fig. 6a is a schematic diagram of an antenna with a feed point at a symmetrical position of the radiator;
fig. 6b is a schematic view of the distribution of current on the radiator of fig. 6 a;
fig. 6c is a schematic diagram of an antenna with the feed point at the corner of the radiator;
fig. 6d is a schematic view of the distribution of current on the radiator of fig. 6 c;
fig. 6e is a schematic diagram of an antenna with the feed point at the corner of the radiator;
fig. 6f is a schematic view of the distribution of current on the radiator of fig. 6 e;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing antenna pattern performance;
FIG. 8a is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of an antenna structure in an electronic device;
FIG. 8b is a top view of the antenna structure;
fig. 8c is a side view of the antenna structure of fig. 8 b;
FIG. 8d is another side view of the antenna structure of FIG. 8 b;
FIG. 9a is a top view of an antenna structure;
FIG. 9b is another top view of the antenna structure;
FIG. 9c is yet another top view of the antenna structure;
FIG. 9d is yet another top view of the antenna structure;
fig. 9e is yet another top view of the antenna structure;
figure 9f is yet another top view of the antenna structure;
fig. 10a is a top view of the antenna structure without the slot on the radiator;
fig. 10b is a top view of the antenna structure with a slot on the radiator;
FIG. 10c is a graph of the operating frequency of the antenna structure;
fig. 11a is a top view of the antenna structure without the slot on the radiator;
fig. 11b is a top view of the antenna structure when the slot is formed in the radiator;
fig. 11c is a diagram of a pattern performance of the antenna structure;
FIG. 12a is a top view of an antenna structure;
FIG. 12b is a side view of the antenna structure of FIG. 12 a;
FIG. 12c is another side view of the antenna structure of FIG. 12 a;
figure 12d is yet another top view of the antenna structure;
figure 12e is yet another top view of the antenna structure;
FIG. 13a is a top view of an antenna structure;
FIG. 13b is another top view of the antenna structure;
figure 13c is yet another top view of the antenna structure;
figure 13d is yet another top view of the antenna structure;
fig. 14a is a top view of the antenna structure when the slot is formed in the radiator;
fig. 14b is a top view of the antenna structure without the slot on the radiator;
FIG. 14c is a comparison of polarization purity of the antenna;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram comparing the directional patterns of the antenna;
FIG. 16a is a top view of an antenna structure;
figure 16b is another top view of the antenna structure;
figure 16c is yet another top view of the antenna structure;
fig. 16d is yet another top view of the antenna structure.
Reference numerals
A radiator 10; a slot 11; a feeding point 12;
a feeding structure 13; a conductive dome 14;
a reference floor 20; a through hole 21;
a branch knot 30;
a frame body 40; a holder 41; a main board 42;
a shield case 43; a display screen 44; and a cover 45.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, "and/or" in the specification and claims means at least one of connected objects, a character "/" generally means that a preceding and succeeding related objects are in an "or" relationship.
The antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application is described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 16d, and through specific embodiments and application scenarios thereof.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2e, fig. 8a to 9f, fig. 10b, fig. 11b, and fig. 12a to 14a, the antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application includes: at least one radiator 10, a reference ground 20 and a feed structure 13, wherein the radiator 10 and the reference ground 20 may be conductive material pieces, such as the radiator 10 and the reference ground 20 may be metal material pieces. The slot 11 may be disposed on one of the two opposite side edges of at least one radiator 10, and the phases of the currents distributed on the two opposite side edges of the radiator 10 are different, so that the phases of the currents distributed on the two opposite side edges of the radiator 10 are different through the slot 11, and have a certain phase difference, which may cause the directional pattern of the antenna to deflect. The number of the radiators 10 may be one or more, for example, the number of the radiators 10 may be three, a slot 11 may be provided on one of opposite side edges of one or more of the radiators 10, and the number of the slots 11 may be one or more. The slot 11 may be an elongated shape, a curved shape, a polygonal shape, etc., and the specific shape of the slot 11 may be selected according to the actual situation.
The radiator 10 may be disposed at a lamination interval from the reference ground 20, the radiator 10 may be disposed at a lamination interval from the reference ground 20 in a thickness direction of the reference ground 20, and the radiator 10 may be parallel to the reference ground 20. An insulating medium may be disposed between the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20, and the radiator 10 may be supported by the insulating medium. The radiator 10 may have a plate shape, and when the number of the radiators 10 is large, the radiators 10 may be on the same plane, and the radiators 10 may be spaced apart from each other. The feed structure 13 may be used to feed the radiator 10. As shown in fig. 2c to 2e, a through hole 21 may be provided on the reference ground 20, and a portion of the feed structure 13 may be electrically connected to the radiator 10 through the through hole 21, so that the radiator 10 may be fed by the feed structure 13. The feed structure 13 may include a conductive clip 14, and the conductive clip 14 may be electrically connected to the radiator 10 through the via hole 21.
In the antenna structure of the embodiment of the application, the slot 11 is arranged on one side edge of the two opposite side edges of at least one radiator 10, the phases of currents distributed on the two opposite side edges of the radiator 10 are different through the slot 11, and a certain phase difference is achieved, so that a directional diagram of an antenna can deflect, the maximum radiation direction of the antenna is changed, the problem of directional diagram deflection of the antenna can be corrected in a complex equipment environment, the antenna has high-directivity directional diagram performance, and the directivity of the antenna is improved. The slot 11 can enable the antenna to be better matched with other structures, and is beneficial to miniaturization of the antenna. The antenna structure has low requirement on the external environment of the antenna, the influence of the external environment on the performance of the antenna can be improved by adjusting the structure of the antenna, the application range is wide, the applicability is strong, and the dependence degree on the environment is low.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 8a to 8b and 9a to 9f, at least one radiator 10 may be rectangular, and a slot 11 is formed at one side edge of the at least one rectangular radiator 10. For example, at least one radiator 10 may be rectangular, one side edge of the at least one rectangular radiator 10 may be provided with a slot 11, the slot 11 may be located at a long side edge of the radiator 10, the slot 11 may be elongated, and the slot 11 may be perpendicular to the long side edge of the radiator 10. One side edge of at least one rectangular radiator 10 may be provided with a slot 11, the slot 11 may be located at a long side edge of the radiator 10, the slot 11 may be elongated, and the slot 11 may be perpendicular to the long side edge of the radiator 10. The slot 11 may be formed on the long edge of one side of the rectangular radiator 10, and the slot 11 may also be formed on the short edge of one side of the rectangular radiator 10. The radiators 10 may be rectangular, the number of the radiators 10 may be three, the three radiators may be distributed at intervals, and the interval distance may be selected according to practical requirements. The slot 11 may be provided at one side edge of one, two or three radiators 10, and the specific position and shape of the slot 11 at one side edge of the radiators 10 may be selected according to practical use. The phase of the current distributed on the opposite side edges of the radiator 10 can be different through the slot 11, and a certain phase difference is achieved, so that the directional pattern of the antenna can be deflected, the antenna has high-directivity directional pattern performance, and the directivity of the antenna is improved.
Alternatively, the slot 11 may extend from the edge of the radiator 10 toward the inside of the radiator 10, and the slot 11 may have a rectangular shape, and may change the current distribution at the opposite side edges of the radiator 10, so that the antenna has a highly directional pattern performance.
Fig. 8a shows the position of the antenna structure in an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), and the structure such as a bracket is not shown here for convenience of illustration. Because the influence of the environment of the device, mutual coupling of the antennas, and other factors on the positioning of the three antenna units of the antenna may be similar or different, a slot 11 may be formed in the radiator 10 of one or more antenna units, and one radiator 10 and the reference floor may form one antenna unit. As shown in fig. 8b, slots 11 are made in the radiator 10 of the three antenna elements. The structure of the reference floor may not be limited to the shape in the present embodiment, and the shape of the reference floor may be changed according to the space reserved on the bracket. The radiating side of the radiator 10 of the three antenna elements may have a rectangular slot 11 in its center. Depending on the effect of the environment of the device on the antenna, the slot 11 may not be limited to a middle position, but may also be shifted to the + x direction or the-x direction, as shown in fig. 9a and 9b, the positions of the slots 11 on the radiators 10 in the three antenna units may not be limited to be the same, as shown in fig. 9c and 9d, or the slots 11 may be formed only on the radiators 10 in one or two antenna units, as shown in fig. 9e and 9 f.
The slot 11 is arranged on the radiator 10, so that the size of the antenna can be reduced, and the miniaturization is realized; the directional diagram deflection of the antenna can be corrected, and the directivity of the antenna is improved. The slots 11 are not provided in the three rectangular radiators 10 of the antenna shown in fig. 10a, the slots 11 are provided in all the three rectangular radiators 10 of the antenna shown in fig. 10b, the operating frequency curve of the antenna element of the antenna is shown in fig. 10c, m1 is the operating frequency curve of the antenna element of the antenna shown in fig. 10a, and m2 is the operating frequency curve of the antenna element of the antenna shown in fig. 10 b. Due to the slot 11, the volume of the radiator in fig. 10b is smaller than that of the radiator in fig. 10a, and although the volume of the radiator in fig. 10b is smaller than that of the radiator in fig. 10a, the antenna in fig. 10b can also reach the operating frequency of the antenna in fig. 10 a. That is, the presence of the slot 11 allows the antenna structure to be smaller in size than if the slot 11 were not present, and to operate at the same frequency.
Fig. 11a shows that no slot 11 is provided on three rectangular radiators 10 in the antenna, fig. 11b shows that slots 11 are provided on all three rectangular radiators 10 in the antenna, fig. 11c shows the directional diagram performance of the antenna, g1 shows the directional diagram of the antenna element of the radiator 10 in the antenna shown in fig. 11a, and g2 shows the directional diagram of the antenna element of the radiator 10 in the antenna shown in fig. 11 b. As shown in fig. 11c, the slot 11 can improve the directivity of the antenna element, and when the slot 11 is not provided, the radiation direction of the antenna element of the radiator 10 is deflected. After the radiator 10 of the antenna unit is provided with the slot 11, the radiation direction is corrected to the positive Z-axis direction, and the directivity is enhanced.
In the embodiment of the present application, at least one radiator 10 may have a trapezoid shape, and the upper bottom edge or the lower bottom edge of the at least one radiator 10 may be provided with a slot 11, and the current distribution of the upper bottom edge or the lower bottom edge of the radiator 10 may be better changed by providing the slot 11 on the upper bottom edge or the lower bottom edge of the radiator 10, so that the antenna has a highly directional pattern performance. The slot 11 may be provided on the oblique edge of the trapezoidal radiator 10 according to the actual situation. When the antenna structure works in a resonant mode, the direction of current is changed by the inclined edge of the right-angled trapezoid radiator 10 in the antenna, reverse cross polarization current distribution is introduced, and the current and the cross polarization current generate a counteraction effect, so that cross polarization of the antenna is reduced, and polarization purity is improved.
As shown in fig. 12a to 13d, one or more radiators 10 in the antenna structure are designed to be trapezoidal, and a slot 11 is disposed at one side edge of the radiator 10, and the position of the slot 11 can be selected according to practical requirements. One radiator 10 and the reference floor may constitute one antenna unit, and the combination manner of the radiators 10 in the antenna unit is not limited to that shown in fig. 12a to 13d, and other combinations are selected according to different device environments. The directional diagram deflection of the antenna can be corrected by arranging the slot 11, the miniaturization of the antenna is facilitated, and the radiator 10 is designed to be trapezoidal, so that the high polarization purity of the antenna unit can be realized. Fig. 14a shows a slot on the radiator, fig. 14b shows no slot on the radiator, fig. 14c shows a polarization purity comparison diagram of the antenna, curve n1 shows a curve of an antenna element formed by the radiator with the slot in fig. 14a, and curve n2 shows a curve of an antenna element formed by the radiator without the slot in fig. 14b, and the polarization purity is significantly improved within ± 60 ° as shown in fig. 14 c. Fig. 15 is a diagram comparing the directional patterns of the antenna, curve h2 is the curve of the antenna element formed by the radiator with the slot in fig. 14a, and curve h1 is the curve of the antenna element formed by the radiator without the slot in fig. 14b, and the directional pattern deflection of the antenna element in fig. 14a is obviously improved compared with the antenna element in fig. 14 b.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 16 a-16 d, the antenna structure may include: the branches 30, the branches 30 may be pieces of conductive material, for example, the branches 30 may be metal pieces. The branches 30 may be coupled to the at least one radiator 10, the branches 30 and the at least one radiator 10 may be disposed at intervals, and the branches 30 may be disposed on the outer circumference of the corner region of the at least one radiator 10. The branches 30 may be disposed around the corner regions of the radiator 10, and the branches 30 may be L-shaped or U-shaped, and the specific shape may be selected according to practical requirements. At least one radiator 10 may be coupled to the branches 30 at intervals, each radiator 10 may be coupled to a corresponding one of the branches 30 at intervals, current may be distributed on the branches 30 by coupling the branches 30 to the at least one radiator 10, cross-polarization current generated on the radiator 10 may be cancelled by the current distributed on the branches 30, and high polarization purity of the antenna may be achieved.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 16a and 16b, the at least one radiator 10 may be rectangular, the feeding point of the at least one radiator 10 may be located in a corner region of the radiator, for example, the feeding point of the rectangular radiator 10 may be located in a corner region of the rectangular radiator, the feeding structure 13 and the feeding point 12 may be electrically connected, and the branch 30 may be disposed around the periphery of the corner region where the feeding point 12 is located. The stub 30 may be disposed around the periphery of the corner region opposite the corner region where the feed point 12 is located. For example, at least one radiator 10 may be rectangular, the feeding point of the rectangular radiator 10 may be located in a corner region of the rectangular radiator, the branch 30 may be disposed around the periphery of the corner region of the rectangular radiator 10 where the feeding point 12 is located, or the branch 30 may be disposed around the periphery of the corner region opposite to the corner region where the feeding point 12 is located. One radiator 10 may be provided with two branches 30, and one branch 30 may be provided around the outer circumference of a corner region of the rectangular radiator 10 where the feeding point 12 is located, while the other branch 30 may be provided around the outer circumference of a corner region opposite to the corner region where the feeding point 12 is located. The cross-polarized current generated in the radiator 10 can be cancelled by the current distributed in the branches 30, and high polarization purity of the antenna can be achieved. The radiators 10 may have a rectangular shape or a trapezoidal shape, the positional relationship between the radiators 10 may be actually selected, and the combination relationship between the radiators 10 having different shapes may be actually selected.
In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 16c and 16d, at least one radiator 10 may have a right trapezoid shape, the feed structure 13 may be electrically connected to the feed point 12 of the radiator 10, and the feed point 12 of at least one radiator 10 is located at a right-angled corner region near the upper bottom of the radiator 10 or at an acute-angled corner region near the lower bottom of the radiator 10. The periphery of at least one of the right angle corner region and the acute angle corner region may be provided with a stub 30. For example, at least one radiator 10 is a right trapezoid, the feeding point 12 of the at least one radiator 10 is located in a right-angle corner region near the upper bottom of the radiator 10 or an acute-angle corner region near the lower bottom of the radiator 10, and a branch 30 may be provided on the periphery of at least one of the right-angle corner region and the acute-angle corner region. The cross-polarized current generated in the radiator 10 can be cancelled by the current distributed in the branches 30, and high polarization purity of the antenna can be achieved. When the antenna structure works in a resonant mode, the direction of current is changed by the hypotenuse of the right-angle trapezoid radiator 10, reverse cross polarization current distribution is introduced, and the current and the cross polarization current generate a counteracting effect, so that cross polarization of the antenna is reduced, and polarization purity is improved.
Optionally, the upper bottom edge or the lower bottom edge of at least one radiator 10 is provided with a slot 11, for example, the number of radiators 10 is three, the upper bottom edge or the lower bottom edge of each of the three radiators 10 may be provided with a slot 11, the slots 11 may enable current distribution phases of opposite side edges of the radiators 10 to be different, and have a certain phase difference, so that a directional pattern of the antenna may be deflected, and the antenna has a highly directional pattern performance.
In the embodiment of the present application, the number of the radiators 10 may be three, two radiators 10 are disposed at intervals in the first region along the length direction of the first region, two radiators 10 are disposed at intervals in the second region along the length direction of the second region, the first region and the second region are vertically overlapped, the radiators 10 in the overlapping regions of the first region and the second region are the same radiator 10, that is, only one radiator 10 is disposed in the overlapping regions of the first region and the second region, and one radiator 10 in the overlapping regions of the first region and the second region is the same radiator 10, so that the radiators 10 may be distributed in an L shape. The number of the radiators 10 may be three, two radiators 10 are spaced apart from each other in the first region along the length direction of the first region, two radiators 10 are spaced apart from each other in the second region along the length direction of the second region, and the radiators 10 in the overlapping regions of the first region and the second region are the same radiators 10, and in the case that the antenna structure includes the three radiators 10, the antenna structure may be used as a UWB antenna, and the three radiators 10 may be accurately positioned, so that the positioning accuracy is improved.
In the antenna structure shown in fig. 3a, no slot is provided on the radiator, and the radiation of the antenna mainly depends on the slot radiation between a pair of edges of the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20, and for convenience of description, the two slots radiated by the antenna are referred to as a slot a and a slot B, respectively. When the antenna structure is a symmetric structure, the current distributions on the two edges of the radiator are in equal amplitude and in phase, so that the maximum radiation direction of the directional pattern is the normal direction, which can be specifically shown in fig. 3c, where b1 and b2 represent deflection conditions at different angles. At this time, by designing an asymmetric structure, the phases of the currents distributed along the two sides of the radiator 10 are different and have a certain phase difference, so that the directional diagram can be deflected, and the maximum radiation direction of the antenna can be changed. The slot 11 may be provided at one of the edges of the radiator 10, as shown in fig. 4a, the electric fields of the slot a and the slot B are different, the current path of the slot B is relatively long and phase-advanced, and the current path of the slot a is relatively short and phase-retarded, so that the pattern is deflected to a negative angle in the phi 0 ° plane, which may be simply summarized as deflection along the smaller-sized edge, as shown in fig. 4c, where c1 and c2 indicate deflection at different angles. Therefore, in a complex device environment, when the deflection problem of the antenna pattern is faced by the asymmetry of the environment, the deflection problem of the pattern can be corrected by arranging the slot 11 at one edge of the radiator 10.
Fig. 5a and 5c show an antenna structure asymmetric with respect to the floor, in which no slot is provided on the radiator in the antenna structure shown in fig. 5a, a slot is provided on the radiator in the antenna structure shown in fig. 5c, d1 and d2 in fig. 5b represent the pattern deflection of the antenna structure in fig. 5a, and e1 and e2 in fig. 5d represent the pattern deflection of the antenna structure in fig. 5 c. As shown in fig. 5a, since the slot a is the same as the slot B, but the reference floor is asymmetric with respect to the antenna structure, the antenna pattern is deflected in the positive angular direction in the phi plane, which may be specifically shown in fig. 5B. According to the above mechanism, as shown in fig. 5c, a slot 11 is provided at one edge of the radiator 10 of the antenna, and the path of the slot B is increased, so that the pattern of the antenna in the phi-0 ° plane is deflected to a negative angle. Finally, under the neutralization action, the maximum radiation direction of the antenna pattern is restored to the normal phase, which can be specifically shown in fig. 5 d.
Fig. 6a to 6d are schematic diagrams of radiators of feeding points of three antenna structures and current distribution diagrams when the antenna operates in a resonant mode. When the feed position of the antenna structure is located at a symmetrical position, the cross polarization is relatively low, the polarization purity is relatively high, and the antenna current distribution of the working mode and the resonant mode has good consistency. As shown in fig. 6a, a feeding point is provided at a symmetrical position of the radiator 10, and as shown in fig. 6b, the tape is distributed in the + y direction (a1 direction) without current in the x direction, and the antenna has very good polarization purity. However, in the terminal environment, it is often difficult to set the feeding position of the antenna at such an ideal position, for example, as shown in fig. 6c, a feeding point is set at a corner position of the radiator 10, the feeding position is shifted in the + x direction, as shown in fig. 6d, the shift of the feeding position causes the antenna to operate in the resonant mode, the current distribution generates a current component extending in the + x direction (a2 direction), the a2 direction represents cross-polarization current, and cross-polarization increases, and polarization purity decreases. As shown in fig. 6e, a feeding point is disposed at a corner of the trapezoidal radiator 10, polarization can be reduced by constructing the trapezoidal radiator, the oblique side of the trapezoidal radiator 10 changes the direction of current when the antenna operates in the resonant mode, and a reverse cross-polarization current (current in the direction of a 3) distribution is introduced, which counteracts the cross-polarization current, so that cross-polarization of the antenna is reduced, and polarization purity is improved, as shown in fig. 6 f. The patterns of the antennas shown in fig. 6c and 6e when operated in the resonant mode can be seen in fig. 7, f1 represents the pattern of the antenna in fig. 6c, f2 represents the pattern of the antenna in fig. 6e, and the cross polarization of the antenna is clearly seen to be reduced.
An embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including the antenna structure described in the foregoing embodiment, where the electronic device having the antenna structure described in the foregoing embodiment has a directional pattern performance with high directivity and high positioning accuracy.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 to 2e, and fig. 8a to 8d, the electronic device may further include: the frame 40, the bracket 41, and the motherboard 42, wherein the bracket 41 may be disposed on the frame 40, the frame 40 may be a metal member, the reference floor 20 may be disposed on one side of the bracket 41, the radiator 10 may be disposed on the other side of the bracket 41, the bracket 41 may fixedly mount the reference floor 20 and the radiator 10, the motherboard 42 may be disposed on one side of the reference floor 20 away from the motherboard 42, and the feeding structure 13 may be disposed on the motherboard 42. A through hole 21 may be provided on the reference floor 20, and a portion of the feed structure 13 may be electrically connected to the radiator 10 through the through hole 21, so that the feed structure 13 may feed the radiator 10. The feeding structure 13 may include a conductive dome 14, the conductive dome 14 may be electrically connected to the radiator 10 through the through hole 21, and the conductive dome 14 may be insulated from the reference ground 20.
In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2c, the electronic device may further include: the shielding cover 43, the shielding cover 43 may be disposed on a side of the main board 42 close to the reference floor 20, and the components on the main board 42 may be protected by the shielding cover 43 from being interfered by external signals. The shield 43 may be spaced from the reference floor 20, and the spacing may be selected to suit the particular configuration of the device.
In an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, the electronic device may further include: the display screen 44 and the cover 45, the cover 45 may be a battery cover, the display screen 44 and the cover 45 may be disposed on the frame 40, the display screen 44 may be disposed on one side of the frame 40, the cover 45 may be disposed on the other side of the frame 40, and the support 41 and the motherboard 42 may be located between the display screen 44 and the cover 45.
While the present embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise embodiments described above, which are meant to be illustrative and not restrictive, and that various changes may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. An antenna structure, comprising:
the phase of the current distributed on the two opposite side edges of the radiator is different;
the radiator and the reference floor are arranged at intervals in a laminated mode;
a feed structure for feeding the radiator.
2. The antenna structure of claim 1, wherein at least one of the radiators is rectangular, and one side edge of at least one of the rectangular radiators is provided with the slot.
3. The antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the slot extends from an edge of the radiator toward an interior of the radiator.
4. The antenna structure of claim 1, wherein at least one of the radiators has a trapezoid shape, and the slot is disposed on an upper bottom edge or a lower bottom edge of at least one of the radiators.
5. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises:
the branch knot is coupled with at least one radiator, and the periphery in the corner region of at least one radiator is equipped with the branch knot.
6. The antenna structure according to claim 5, wherein at least one of the radiators is rectangular, a feeding point of at least one of the radiators is located in a corner region of the radiator, the feeding structure is electrically connected to the feeding point, and the branch is disposed around an outer circumference of the corner region where the feeding point is located; and/or
The branch sections are arranged around the periphery of the corner area opposite to the corner area where the feeding point is located.
7. The antenna structure according to claim 5, wherein at least one of the radiators is a right trapezoid, the feed structure is electrically connected to a feed point of the radiator, and the feed point of at least one of the radiators is located in a right angle corner region near an upper bottom of the radiator or in an acute angle corner region near a lower bottom of the radiator;
the outer periphery of at least one of the right-angle corner region and the acute-angle corner region is provided with the branch.
8. The antenna structure of claim 7, wherein the slot is disposed on an upper bottom edge or a lower bottom edge of at least one of the radiators.
9. The antenna structure of claim 1, wherein there are three radiators, two radiators are spaced apart in a first region along a length of the first region, two radiators are spaced apart in a second region along a length of the second region, the first region and the second region vertically overlap, and the radiators in the overlapping regions of the first region and the second region are the same radiator.
10. An electronic device, characterized in that it comprises an antenna structure according to any of claims 1-9.
11. The electronic device of claim 10, further comprising:
a frame body;
the support is arranged on the frame body, the reference floor is arranged on one side of the support, and the radiator is arranged on the other side of the support;
the mainboard, the mainboard set up in the one side of keeping away from on the reference floor the mainboard, the feed structure set up in on the mainboard.
12. The electronic device of claim 11, further comprising:
and the shielding cover is arranged on one side of the main board close to the reference floor.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210348882.5A CN114583441A (en) | 2022-04-01 | 2022-04-01 | Antenna structure and electronic device |
| PCT/CN2023/085116 WO2023186019A1 (en) | 2022-04-01 | 2023-03-30 | Antenna structure and electronic device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210348882.5A CN114583441A (en) | 2022-04-01 | 2022-04-01 | Antenna structure and electronic device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114583441A true CN114583441A (en) | 2022-06-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210348882.5A Pending CN114583441A (en) | 2022-04-01 | 2022-04-01 | Antenna structure and electronic device |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN114583441A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2023186019A1 (en) |
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| WO2023186019A1 (en) | 2023-10-05 |
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