CN114582209A - Teaching aid capable of assisting in memorizing extraocular muscle function - Google Patents
Teaching aid capable of assisting in memorizing extraocular muscle function Download PDFInfo
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- CN114582209A CN114582209A CN202210140028.XA CN202210140028A CN114582209A CN 114582209 A CN114582209 A CN 114582209A CN 202210140028 A CN202210140028 A CN 202210140028A CN 114582209 A CN114582209 A CN 114582209A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a teaching aid capable of assisting in memorizing the function of extraocular muscles, which comprises: the left eyeball model part and the right eyeball model part can rotate, the left hand model part and the right hand model part are spherical, corresponding extraocular muscle patterns are printed on the surfaces of the left eyeball model part and the right eyeball model part, the left eyeball model part and the right eyeball model part are movably arranged in the installation part, the installation part is of a hollow or transparent structure, the upper parts of the left eyeball model part and the right eyeball model part are exposed, and the left eyeball model part and the right eyeball model part can rotate under the manual action; the left hand model and the right hand model are in the state that the index finger, the middle finger and the thumb are open and the ring finger and the little finger are closed, and the left hand model and the right hand model are provided with a front surface and a back surface which can be mutually independent and can be taken up or put down. This teaching aid can assist the teaching, improves study and memory efficiency, through directly perceived, the eyeball model of operation of can going up, the function of the extraocular muscle that can the snap judgments correspond about the use of hand model, has characteristics directly perceived, maneuverability and the teaching of pithy formula.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of teaching tools and teaching aids, mainly relates to the field of teaching equipment for ophthalmic anatomy knowledge, and particularly relates to a teaching tool capable of assisting in memorizing the function of extraocular muscles.
Background
The extraocular muscles are striated muscles which are used for controlling eyeball movement, 6 muscles are respectively arranged in each eye, and are divided into rectus muscles and oblique muscles according to the walking direction, and 4 rectus muscles are upper, lower, inner and outer rectus muscles; two oblique muscles, the upper oblique muscle and the lower oblique muscle. Four rectus muscles all originate at the ring of the common tendinous tendons around the orbital apical optic nerve foramen. The muscle fibers of each muscle are bundled by themselves, and surround the optic nerve, spread forward from the upper, lower, inner and outer directions, respectively, across the equator of the eyeball, and are attached to the sclera at different distances from the limbus of the cornea. The inner rectus muscle and the outer rectus muscle are parallel to the visual axis and in the same plane, the inner rectus muscle is positioned at the inner side of the eyeball, and the function of the inner rectus muscle is to enable the eyeball to rotate inwards and enable the pupil to rotate to the inner side when the eyeball contracts; the external rectus muscle is located outside the eyeball and functions to rotate the eyeball outward and to rotate the pupil outward during contraction. The upper and lower rectus muscles have an angle of 23 degrees with the visual axis, and during contraction, the upper rectus muscle can rotate the eyeball up and down, and the upper rectus muscle can rotate the eyeball inward and inward, while the lower rectus muscle can rotate the eyeball inward and outward. The superior rectus muscle is above the eyeball, and when the superior rectus muscle contracts, the pupil is enabled to turn upwards and inwards; the inferior rectus muscle is on the lower side of the eyeball and deflects the pupil downward into the interior when it contracts. The two oblique muscles, the superior oblique muscle and the inferior oblique muscle. The superior oblique muscle is from the periosteum of the sphenoid body beside the periorbital aponeurosis, forwards to the upper edge of the orbit along the upper wall of the orbit, passes through the fibrous pulley attached to the front upper part of the inner side wall of the orbit, turns backwards, reaches the back of the equator of the eyeball through the lower part of the superior rectus muscle, and is attached to the outer upper sclera of the eyeball; the inferior oblique muscle is short, starts from the anterior-medial inferior orbital wall of the orbit at the maxillary orbital plate near the lacrimal fossa, runs between the inferior rectus muscle and the inferior orbital wall, and is abductively attached to the posterior-lateral sclera at the equator. The direction of the acting force of the upper and lower oblique muscles forms an angle of 51 degrees with the visual axis. The main function of the superior oblique muscle is to rotate the eyeball inward, the secondary function is to rotate downward and outward, and the contraction of the superior oblique muscle is to direct the pupil downward and outward. The inferior oblique muscle has the primary function of rotating the eyeball outward, the secondary function of rotating the eyeball upward and outward, and the contraction of the inferior oblique muscle functions to rotate the pupil upward and outward.
In the process of diagnosing eye movement diseases, the pathological problems of muscles can be preliminarily judged through eyeball dyskinesia, but as the quantity of eye muscles is large and the functions of vertical rectus muscles and oblique muscles are not unique, students can hardly remember the functions of the eye muscles quickly and accurately and quickly judge the dysfunction of the eye muscles in related education courses, so that how to remember the functions of the eye muscles quickly and accurately and how to judge the functions of the eye muscles quickly and effectively are a difficult part in the prior ophthalmological professional teaching.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the inventor provides a device capable of assisting teaching and improving learning and memory efficiency through research, development and improvement, can quickly judge corresponding eye muscles by matching with left and right hand models through the left and right eye ball models which are intuitive and can be operated by hands, and has the characteristics of intuition, operability and pithy formula teaching. Specifically, the invention is realized by the following steps:
a teaching aid for assisting in the memory of extraocular muscle function, comprising: rotatable left and right eyeball model components (11), left and right hand model components, wherein: the left eyeball model part (11) and the right eyeball model part (11) comprise: the left eye model and the right eye model are spherical, corresponding eyeball muscle patterns are printed on the surfaces of the left eye model and the right eye model, the left eye model and the right eye model are movably arranged in an installation part, the installation part is in a hollow or transparent structure, the upper parts of the left eye model and the right eye model are exposed, and the left eye model and the right eye model can rotate under the manual action; the left and right hand model member includes: the left hand model (1) and the right hand model (2), the left hand model (1) and the right hand model (2) are in the state that the forefinger, the middle finger and the thumb are open and the ring finger and the little finger are closed, and the left hand model (1) and the right hand model (2) are provided with a front side and a back side, can be independent from each other and can be taken up or put down.
Further, this teaching aid still includes a receiver, and the receiver includes box body (4) and lid (3), controls eyeball model part (11) and installs at box body (4) middle part, and left hand model, the right hand model of controlling the hand model install respectively in the box body (4) left and right sides, be printed on lid (3) or pasted study pithy formula picture and text (5).
Furthermore, the mounting component is of a bowl-shaped structure with a transparent structure, three small balls (6) are arranged on the inner wall surface of the bowl, and the left eyeball model and the right eyeball model can be in contact with the three small balls (6) in the bowl-shaped structure.
Furthermore, the mounting part comprises an annular sleeve (7) which is sleeved on the middle parts of the left eyeball model and the right eyeball model, and the bottoms of the left eyeball model and the right eyeball model are in contact support with three balls (8).
Furthermore, at least one positioning magnetic block (9) is installed in the back of each of the left eyeball model and the right eyeball model, at least one corresponding positioning block (10) is also arranged at the corresponding position of the installation part, and the eyeball models are positioned in a magnetic suction mode.
Furthermore, under the normal orthophoric position of the left eye model and the right eye model, an R character is printed at the position of 12 points right above the eye pupils of the right eye model, an L character is printed at the position right above the eye pupils of the left eye model, wherein the right eye model is placed at the left side in the middle of the box body (4), and the left eye model is placed at the right side.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are introduced as follows: in the use of the invention, the left hand model corresponds to the left eye of a patient to be detected or is replaced by the left eye model in the teaching aid, correspondingly, the right hand model corresponds to the right eye of the patient or is replaced by the right eye model in the teaching aid, each hand model can swing out two positions of wrist joint horizontal position and wrist joint vertical position, each position can also turn the palm of the hand upwards or the palm of the hand downwards, and each hand model can have four hand types: 1. the wrist joint is in lateral position and facing the palmar surface to indicate inferior oblique muscle function; 2. the wrist joint is in the lateral position and faces the back of the hand to represent the function of the upper oblique muscle; 3. the wrist joint is upright and palmar to represent superior rectus function; 4. the wrist joint is upright and facing dorsal to indicate inferior rectus function; the change combination of the transverse and vertical surfaces and the palm center surface of each hand model can correspond to one expression function, and different fingers of each hand position correspond to different function directions of different extraocular muscles, so that the corresponding extraocular muscle function can be quickly and accurately found, the identification efficiency is improved, and the memory is assisted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a teaching aid for assisting in the memory of extraocular muscle function;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a teaching aid for assisting in the memory of extraocular muscle function;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a mounting structure of one of the eyeball models;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of another mounting structure of one of the right eye models;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of practice of tables and text;
wherein: the model comprises a left-hand model 1, a right-hand model 2, a cover 3, a box 4, a pithy formula 5, pictures and texts 6, small balls 7, an annular sleeve 8, balls 9, a positioning magnetic block 10, a positioning block 11, a left eyeball model part, a right eyeball model part and a bowl-shaped structure 12.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
Example 1: an educational appliance capable of assisting in memorizing the function of extraocular muscles, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: rotatable left and right eyeball model components 11, left and right hand model components, wherein: the left and right eyeball model members 11 include: the left eyeball model and the right eyeball model are movably arranged in an installation part, the installation part is in a hollow or transparent structure, the upper parts of the left eyeball model and the right eyeball model are exposed, and the left eyeball model and the right eyeball model can rotate under the manual action; the left and right hand model member includes: the left-hand model 1 and the right-hand model 2 are in the state that the forefinger, the middle finger and the thumb are open and the ring finger and the little finger are closed, and the left-hand model 1 and the right-hand model 2 are provided with the front and the back, can be independent from each other and can be taken up or put down.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the teaching aid further comprises a storage box, the storage box comprises a box body 4 and a cover body 3, a left eyeball model component 11 and a right eyeball model component 11 are mounted in the middle of the box body 4, the left hand model component and the right hand model component are mounted on the left side and the right side of the box body 4 respectively, and learning pithy formula pictures and texts 5 are printed or pasted on the cover body 3. The design purpose of receiver is for the splendid attire container of teaching aid, is convenient for accomodate and carry, can set up corresponding hasp, and size specification sets up according to the model size, but the use method pithy formula content of this teaching aid is printed on pithy formula picture and text 5, corresponding hand formula picture and text are explained etc..
Preferably, the left and right eye model parts 11 include a left eye model and a right eye model, each of which is mounted by one mounting part. The left eye model and the right eye model are transversely placed in the storage box.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the mounting component is a bowl-shaped structure with a transparent structure, three small balls 6 are arranged on the inner wall surface of the bowl, and the left eyeball model and the right eyeball model can be in contact with the three small balls 6 in the bowl-shaped structure. The small balls 6 can roll at fixed points in the rolling grooves of the small balls, the left eyeball model and the right eyeball model are in contact with the small balls 6, on one hand, the support stability is provided, on the other hand, the rolling support can be provided, and the arrangement positions of the three small balls 6 are deviated as far as possible but cannot be too concentrated, so that the left eyeball model and the right eyeball model can be kept to roll within a certain range. The bowl-shaped structure of the transparent structure is used as a mounting carrier of the small ball 6 on one hand and as a mounting structure containing a half eyeball on the other hand, and the transparent material is used for observing the rotation direction of the eyeball and information such as a muscle name and the like printed on the eyeball.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the mounting member includes an annular sleeve 7 that is fitted over the middle of the left and right eye models, and the bottoms of the left and right eye models are supported by three balls 8. As an alternative to the bowl-shaped structure with a transparent structure, the annular sleeve 7 is sleeved on the middle portion of the left eyeball model and the right eyeball model, three balls 8 mounted at the bottom portion are used as rolling components to provide rolling of the eyeball models, and the corresponding balls 8 can also be arranged on the annular sleeve 7, so that the left eyeball model and the right eyeball model can also rotate in all directions under the manual action after being accommodated in the annular sleeve.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, at least one positioning magnet 9 is installed in the back of each of the left and right eyeball models, and at least one corresponding positioning block 10 is also installed at the corresponding position of the installation part to position the eyeball models in a magnetic attraction manner. The positioning magnetic block 9 and the positioning block 10 can attract each other for positioning, so that the eyeball can not change position due to shaking in a normal storage state, and the pupil of the eyeball keeps in a position right in front. If necessary, more than two pairs of positioning magnetic blocks 9 can be arranged to keep the positioning state of the positioning magnetic blocks facing upwards all the time.
Example 2: the specific use of the teaching aid and method thereof is to be read with reference to figure 5.
When the right eye model is a teaching and practicing object, the right hand model is used. In this embodiment, the "temporal side of the right eye of the patient" and the "nasal side of the right eye of the patient" can be understood as corresponding to the "outer side of the right model eye" and the "inner side of the right model eye", where the inner side and the outer side are opposite to the inner side and the outer side of the head of the human body; the "internal and external rotation" is based on 12 points of the patient's cornea, and in this model, the eyeball model, i.e., the "clock point" of the patient's cornea, i.e., the position of L on the left eye model is 12 points, and the forehead R on the right eye model is 12 points. Therefore, the function of killing two birds with one stone is achieved, namely the left eye and the right eye are separated, and 12 points are marked.
(1) When the wrist joint is in the horizontal position and faces the palm surface, the function of the inferior oblique muscle is shown; at this time, the thumb: pointing to the upper and lower oblique muscle to rotate; index finger: points to the temporal side of the right eye of the patient and shows the external rotation function of the inferior oblique muscle; the middle finger: indicating that 12 points of the cornea are deviated to the temporal side of the right eye of the patient in the direction from the vertical finger root to the rotational finger root and indicating the external rotation function of the inferior oblique muscle; wherein, the middle finger is the main function;
(2) when the wrist joint is in the horizontal position and faces the back of the hand, the wrist joint represents the function of the upper oblique muscle; at this time, the thumb: pointing downward and showing the function of inferior oblique muscle; index finger: points to the temporal side of the right eye of the patient and shows the function of the external rotation of the oblique muscle; the middle finger: the arc direction from the vertical finger root to the rotary finger root indicates that 12 points of the cornea of the right eye of the patient are deviated to the nasal side of the right eye of the patient, and the function of the inferior oblique muscle is indicated; wherein, the middle finger is the main function;
(3) when the wrist joint is in a vertical position and faces to the palm surface, the wrist joint represents to show the function of the upper rectus muscle; at this time, the middle finger: pointing upwards and showing the upper rectus muscle up-conversion function; index finger: points to the nasal side of the right eye of the patient and shows the function of the intraductal rotation of the rectus muscle; thumb: the arc direction from the vertical finger root to the rotary finger root indicates that 12 points of the cornea of the right eye of the patient incline to the nasal side of the right eye of the patient, and the function of the internal rotation of the upper rectus muscle is indicated; wherein, the middle finger is the main function;
(4) when the wrist joint is in a vertical position and faces the back of the hand, the wrist joint represents the function of lower rectus muscle; at this time, the middle finger: pointing downward and showing the function of lower rectus muscle rotation; index finger: points to the nasal side of the right eye of the patient to show the function of the inferior rectus muscle pronation; thumb: the arc direction from the vertical finger root to the rotating finger root indicates that 12 points of the cornea of the right eye of the patient are deviated to the temporal side of the right eye of the patient, and the function of external rotation of the lower rectus muscle is indicated; wherein, the middle finger is the main function;
when the left eye model is a teaching and practicing object, the left hand model is used:
(5) when the wrist joint is in a vertical position and faces to the palm surface, the wrist joint represents to show the function of the upper rectus muscle; at this time, the middle finger: pointing upward and showing the upper rectus muscle up-conversion function; index finger: points to the nasal side of the left eye of the patient and shows the function of the intraductal rotation of the rectus muscle; thumb: the arc direction from the vertical finger root to the rotating finger root indicates that 12 points of the left eye cornea of the patient are inclined to the nasal side of the left eye of the patient, and the function of the internal rotation of the superior rectus muscle is indicated; wherein, the middle finger is the main function;
(6) when the wrist joint is in a vertical position and faces the back of the hand, the wrist joint represents the function of lower rectus muscle; at this time, the middle finger: pointing downward and showing the function of lower rectus muscle rotation; index finger: points to the nasal side of the left eye of the patient and shows the function of the lower rectus muscle inward rotation; thumb: the arc direction from the vertical finger root to the rotation finger root indicates that 12 points of the left eye cornea of the patient are deviated to the temporal side of the left eye of the patient, and the function of external rotation of the lower rectus muscle is indicated; wherein, the middle finger is the main function;
(7) when the wrist joint is in the horizontal position and faces the palm surface, the function of the inferior oblique muscle is shown; at this time, the thumb: pointing to the upper and lower oblique muscle to rotate; index finger: pointing to the temporal side of the left eye of the patient to show the external rotation function of the inferior oblique muscle; the middle finger: the arc direction from the vertical finger root to the rotation finger root indicates that 12 points of the left eye cornea of the patient are deviated to the temporal side of the left eye of the patient, and the function of external rotation of the inferior oblique muscle is indicated; wherein, the middle finger is the main function;
(8) when the wrist joint is in the horizontal position and faces the back of the hand, the wrist joint represents the function of the upper oblique muscle; at this time, the thumb: pointing downward and showing the function of inferior oblique muscle; index finger: pointing to the temporal side of the left eye of the patient and showing the external rotation function of the oblique muscle; the middle finger: the arc direction from the vertical finger root to the rotation finger root indicates that 12 points of the left eye cornea of the patient are deviated to the nasal side of the left eye of the patient, and the lower oblique muscle rotation function is indicated; wherein, the middle finger is the main function;
the practicer can memorize the pithy formula to strengthen the application memory: the vertical transverse oblique muscle, the vertical horizontal rotation, the oblique dorsum of the palm and the upper muscle, and the middle finger as the main work. The specific meanings are as follows:
vertical transverse oblique muscle-the vertical position of the wrist joint represents the rectus muscle, and the horizontal position of the wrist joint represents the oblique muscle;
vertical horizontal rotation-starting from the vertical function, the three fingers sequentially represent the vertical function, the horizontal function and the rotation function;
on the orthopalmar oblique dorsum-the vertical palmar surface represents the superior rectus muscle and the lateral dorsal surface represents the superior oblique muscle;
the muscle (superior rectus muscle and superior oblique muscle) with the "superior" has the function of internal rotation; the muscles with the "lower" implicit (inferior rectus muscle, inferior oblique muscle) have the function of outward rotation.
The middle finger is the main function-the middle finger represents the main function, the upper and lower rectus muscles have the main function of ascending and descending, and the upper and lower oblique muscles have the function of inward and outward rotation.
Based on the embodiment, the teaching aid can assist teaching and improve learning and memory efficiency, can quickly judge corresponding extraocular muscles by matching the left and right hand models which are visual and can be operated by hands with the use of the left and right hand models, and has the characteristics of intuition, operability and pithy formula teaching.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.
Claims (6)
1. A teaching aid capable of assisting in memorizing the function of extraocular muscles is characterized by comprising: rotatable left and right eyeball model components (11), left and right hand model components, wherein:
the left eyeball model part (11) and the right eyeball model part (11) comprise: the left eye model and the right eye model are spherical, corresponding eyeball muscle patterns are printed on the surfaces of the left eye model and the right eye model, the left eye model and the right eye model are movably arranged in an installation part, the installation part is in a hollow or transparent structure, the upper parts of the left eye model and the right eye model are exposed, and the left eye model and the right eye model can rotate under the manual action;
the left and right hand model member includes: the left hand model (1) and the right hand model (2), the left hand model (1) and the right hand model (2) are in the state that the forefinger, the middle finger and the thumb are open and the ring finger and the little finger are closed, and the left hand model (1) and the right hand model (2) are provided with a front side and a back side, can be independent from each other and can be taken up or put down.
2. The teaching aid capable of assisting in memorizing the function of the extraocular muscles as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a storage case, wherein the storage case comprises a case body (4) and a cover body (3), the left and right eyeball model components (11) are installed in the middle of the case body (4), the left and right hand models of the left and right hand models are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the case body (4), and the cover body (3) is printed or pasted with an image and text (5) of a learning pithy formula.
3. The teaching aid capable of assisting in memorizing the function of the extraocular muscles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mounting component is a bowl-shaped structure with a transparent structure, three small balls (6) are arranged on the inner wall surface of the bowl, and the left eyeball model and the right eyeball model can be in contact with the three small balls (6) in the bowl-shaped structure.
4. Teaching aid capable of assisting in remembering extraocular muscle functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mounting means comprises an annular sleeve (7) which is fitted over the middle of the left and right eye models, the bottom of which is supported in contact with three balls (8).
5. The teaching aid capable of assisting in memorizing extraocular muscle functions as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein at least one positioning magnetic block (9) is installed in the back of the left and right eyeball models, and at least one corresponding positioning block (10) is also installed at the corresponding position of the installation part to position the eyeball models in a magnetic attraction manner.
6. The teaching aid capable of assisting in memorizing the extraocular muscle function as claimed in claim 2, wherein the left eye model and the right eye model are printed with R characters at 12 positions right above the eye pupils of the right eye model and L characters right above the eye pupils of the left eye model under normal emmetropic positions, wherein the right eye model is placed at the left side of the middle part of the box body (4), and the left eye model is placed at the right side.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210140028.XA CN114582209A (en) | 2022-02-16 | 2022-02-16 | Teaching aid capable of assisting in memorizing extraocular muscle function |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210140028.XA CN114582209A (en) | 2022-02-16 | 2022-02-16 | Teaching aid capable of assisting in memorizing extraocular muscle function |
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| CN114582209A true CN114582209A (en) | 2022-06-03 |
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| CN202210140028.XA Pending CN114582209A (en) | 2022-02-16 | 2022-02-16 | Teaching aid capable of assisting in memorizing extraocular muscle function |
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2022
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| CN201073376Y (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2008-06-18 | 岳长路 | Novel myopic eye massage and treatment equipment |
| CN102169648A (en) * | 2011-05-23 | 2011-08-31 | 西安交通大学 | Electric model capable of simulating motions of eyeballs and extraocular muscles |
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| CN211264770U (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-08-14 | 马钊 | Teaching model for simulating eyeball and extraocular muscle movement |
| CN212570148U (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2021-02-19 | 昆明医科大学 | Muscle spindle teaching aid for feeling stretch stimulation |
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