CN114578755B - Numerical control machining device with automatic cutter feeding compensation function - Google Patents
Numerical control machining device with automatic cutter feeding compensation function Download PDFInfo
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- CN114578755B CN114578755B CN202210202398.1A CN202210202398A CN114578755B CN 114578755 B CN114578755 B CN 114578755B CN 202210202398 A CN202210202398 A CN 202210202398A CN 114578755 B CN114578755 B CN 114578755B
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/404—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for compensation, e.g. for backlash, overshoot, tool offset, tool wear, temperature, machine construction errors, load, inertia
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
- G05B2219/35408—Calculate new position data from actual data to compensate for contour error
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
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- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a numerical control machining device with an automatic cutter feeding compensation function, which comprises a lathe and a compensation system, wherein a workpiece clamp is fixed on the left side of the lathe, a cutter feeding device is arranged at the rear side of the right end of the lathe in a sliding way, a plurality of cutters are arranged on the cutter feeding device, a supporting table is arranged at the front side of the middle of the lathe in a sliding way, a telescopic rod is arranged at the rear side of the supporting table, a workpiece support is arranged at the tail end of the telescopic rod, the supporting table is in sliding connection with the inner wall of the lathe, the compensation system comprises an input module, a storage module, an analog module, a calculation module, a detection module and a driving module, and the detection module comprises a pressure sensor and a distance sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, and particularly relates to a numerical control machining device with a cutter automatic feeding compensation function.
Background
The lathe is a machine tool for turning a rotating workpiece with a turning tool. The lathe can also be used for corresponding machining by using a drill bit, a reamer, a tap, a die, a knurling tool and the like.
The existing common lathe is mainly used for machining short shafts, if the long shafts are machined into a plurality of short shafts, the tail ends of the long shafts are greatly deviated due to the force of a cutter during cutting, a supporting rod is additionally arranged in the existing common technical means, but when the distance between the supporting rod and a machining position is large, the supporting rod still deviates, and therefore the lathe is difficult to be used for machining the long shafts. This phenomenon is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the problems in the prior art by a numerical control machining device with an automatic cutter feeding compensation function aiming at the existing material collecting device.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the numerical control machining device with the automatic cutter feeding and compensating function comprises a lathe and a compensating system, wherein a workpiece clamp is fixed on the left side of the lathe, a cutter feeding device is arranged at the rear side of the right end of the lathe in a sliding mode, a plurality of cutters are arranged on the cutter feeding device, a supporting table is arranged on the inner wall of the front side of the lathe in a sliding mode, a telescopic rod is arranged on the rear side of the supporting table, and a workpiece support is arranged at the tail end of the telescopic rod.
The invention further discloses that the compensation system comprises an input module, a storage module, an analog module, a calculation module, a detection module and a driving module, wherein the detection module comprises a pressure sensor and a distance sensor, the pressure sensor and the distance sensor are both positioned in the telescopic rod and used for detecting the force received or output by the telescopic rod and the length variation of the telescopic rod, and the driving module is respectively and electrically connected with the workpiece clamp, the tool feeding device and the supporting table and used for driving the workpiece clamp to rotate and the tool feeding device and the supporting table to move.
The invention further discloses that the input module is electrically connected with the storage module and the simulation module, the input module is used for inputting the processing code by a worker and transmitting the processing code to the storage module for storage, the simulation module is used for establishing a model, and the processing code is matched with the calculation module and the detection module to perform sectional processing of the long workpiece shaft, and meanwhile, the processing process is simulated for detecting the feed amount in real time.
The invention further describes that the compensation system comprises the following operation steps:
s1, a worker fixes a workpiece shaft to a workpiece clamp, and stores a processing program to a storage module through an input module;
s2, a worker moves the cutter feeding device to a trial cutting position, and simultaneously the supporting table moves to the same position;
s3, the telescopic rod 5 stretches until the pressure sensor detects that the telescopic rod receives a large force, the workpiece support 6 is in contact with and presses the workpiece shaft, and the telescopic rod stops stretching and loosens;
s4, starting a first trial cutting, detecting the shrinkage of the telescopic rod by the distance sensor, namely, the offset distance Y of the trial cutting point of the workpiece shaft, repeating the step S3 once after the trial cutting is finished, and entering the step S5;
s5, fixing the telescopic rod, starting a second trial cutting, and recording the maximum stress F of the telescopic rod during the second trial cutting by the pressure sensor;
s6, calculating a correction coefficient of the cutter by a calculation module according to the offset distance Y and the maximum stress F;
s7, moving the supporting table leftwards by l+100mm, wherein l is the single machining length;
s8, starting processing, wherein the computing module and the driving module drive the telescopic rod to correct the workpiece and correct the cutter;
and S9, after the machining is finished, the supporting table and the cutter feeding device are moved leftwards respectively, and the step S9 is repeated until the whole machining of the workpiece shaft is finished.
The invention further describes that in the S3-S6, the feed amount of the first trial cutting and the second trial cutting is the same, and the feed amount is recorded as v Measuring Meanwhile, the correction coefficient calculation method of the cutter comprises the following steps:
wherein C represents the correction coefficient of the cutter, Y is the offset distance Y of the trial cutting point of the workpiece axis obtained in S4, and X is the distance between the cutter feeding device and the workpiece clamp during trial cutting.
The invention further describes that in the step S3, the telescopic rod is loosened, so that the workpiece shaft is ensured not to be subjected to force except the cutter, and the accuracy of offset measurement is ensured.
The invention further describes that in the S8, the work piece correction mode is that the telescopic rod provides a certain supporting force for the work piece shaft through the work piece support, so that the axial direction of the cutting point is not inclined when cutting is carried out, and the supporting force F of the telescopic rod is ensured Support frame The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein A is the distance between the workpiece support and the workpiece clamp, v Feeding in D is the distance between the cutter and the workpiece clamp and is the feeding amount during processing, and the cutter is stretched by the formulaWhen the rod and the workpiece support are used for machining a long workpiece shaft, the support force is used for ensuring that the axial direction of the machining position is parallel to the rotating shaft of the workpiece clamp during cutting at a position which cannot be machined, so that the overlong workpiece shaft is avoided, the workpiece shaft is offset due to the force generated during cutting by the cutter, the machining error is caused, and the problem that a common machine tool cannot machine the long workpiece shaft is solved.
The invention further describes that in the step S8, the calculation formula of the tool correction amount is as follows:
in the formula, x is the cutter correction amount when the cutter cuts, so that the cutter movement amount is changed after the workpiece axis deviation correction during machining, and excessive cutting is avoided.
According to the invention, in the step S5, when the pressure sensor detects that the stress is too large, the cutter is excessively worn, and the external alarm module is used for reminding a worker of replacing the cutter.
The invention further discloses that the surface of the workpiece support is provided with a plurality of rollers, so that the workpiece support is prevented from influencing the rotation of the workpiece shaft.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, when the long workpiece shaft is machined through the telescopic rod and the workpiece support, the axial direction of the machining position is ensured to be parallel to the rotating shaft of the workpiece clamp during cutting through the supporting force at the position which cannot be machined, so that the overlong workpiece shaft is avoided, the workpiece shaft is offset due to the force of the cutter during cutting, the machining error is caused, and the problem that the long workpiece shaft cannot be machined by a common machine tool is solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a first trial cut of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a second trial cut of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the compensation principle of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a compensation system of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a lathe; 2. a workpiece holder; 3. a cutter feeding device; 4. a cutter; 5. a telescopic rod; 6. and a support table.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention is further described in non-limiting detail below with reference to the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the numerical control machining device with the automatic feeding and compensating function of the cutter comprises a lathe 1 and a compensating system, wherein a workpiece clamp 2 is fixed on the left side of the lathe 1, a cutter feeding device 3 is arranged at the rear side of the right end of the lathe 1 in a sliding manner, a plurality of cutters 4 are arranged on the cutter feeding device 3, a supporting table 7 is arranged on the inner wall of the front side of the lathe 1 in a sliding manner, a telescopic rod 5 is arranged on the rear side of the supporting table 7, and a workpiece support 6 is arranged at the tail end of the telescopic rod 5;
the compensation system comprises an input module, a storage module, an analog module, a calculation module, a detection module and a driving module, wherein the detection module comprises a pressure sensor and a distance sensor, the pressure sensor and the distance sensor are both positioned in the telescopic rod 5 and are used for detecting the force received or output by the telescopic rod 5 and the length variation of the telescopic rod 5, and the driving module is respectively and electrically connected with the workpiece clamp 2, the tool feeding device 3 and the supporting table 6 and is used for driving the workpiece clamp 2 to rotate and the tool feeding device 3 and the supporting table 6 to move;
the input module is electrically connected with the storage module and the simulation module, the input module is used for inputting processing codes by workers, transmitting the processing codes to the storage module for storage, the simulation module is used for establishing a model, taking the center of the processing initial position of the workpiece shaft as an origin, taking the left feeding direction and the backward retracting direction of the cutter 4 as a y axis and an x axis respectively, processing the long workpiece shaft in a sectional mode by utilizing the processing codes and matching with the calculation module and the detection module, and simulating a processing process for detecting the feeding amount in real time;
the compensation system comprises the following operation steps:
s1, a worker fixes a workpiece shaft to a workpiece clamp 2, and stores a processing program to a storage module through an input module;
s2, a worker moves the cutter feeding device 3 to a trial cutting position, and simultaneously the supporting table 7 moves to the same position;
s3, the telescopic rod 5 stretches until the pressure sensor detects that the telescopic rod 5 receives a large force, the workpiece support 6 is in contact with and presses the workpiece shaft, and the telescopic rod 5 stops stretching and loosens;
s4, starting a first trial cutting, detecting the shrinkage of the telescopic rod 5 by the distance sensor, namely, the offset distance Y of the trial cutting point of the workpiece shaft, repeating the step S3 once after the trial cutting is finished, and entering the step S5;
s5, fixing the telescopic rod 5, starting a second trial cutting, and recording the maximum stress F of the telescopic rod 5 during the second trial cutting by the pressure sensor;
s6, calculating a correction coefficient of the cutter by a calculation module according to the offset distance Y and the maximum stress F;
s7, moving the supporting table 7 leftwards by l+100mm, wherein l is the single machining length;
s8, starting processing, wherein the computing module and the driving module drive the telescopic rod 5 to correct workpieces and correct cutters;
s9, after the machining is finished, the supporting table 7 and the cutter feeding device 3 are moved leftwards respectively, and the step S9 is repeated until the whole machining of the workpiece shaft is finished;
in S3-S6, the feeding amount of the first trial cutting and the second trial cutting is the same, and the feeding amount is recorded as v Measuring Meanwhile, the correction coefficient calculation method of the cutter comprises the following steps:
wherein C represents a correction coefficient of a cutter, Y is an offset distance Y of a trial cutting point of the workpiece shaft obtained in S4, and X is a distance between the cutter feeding device 3 and the workpiece clamp 2 during trial cutting;
in S3, the telescopic rod 5 is loosened, so that the workpiece shaft is prevented from being subjected to force beyond the cutter 4, and the accuracy of offset measurement is ensured;
s8, the workpiece correction mode is that the telescopic rod 5 provides a certain supporting force for the workpiece shaft through the workpiece support 6, so that the axial direction of a cutting point is not inclined when cutting is ensured, and the supporting force F of the telescopic rod Support frame The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein A is the distance between the workpiece support 6 and the workpiece holder 2, v Feeding in In order to ensure that the axis direction of the machining position is parallel to the rotation axis of the workpiece clamp 2 during cutting by the supporting force at the position which cannot be machined when the long workpiece shaft is machined through the telescopic rod 5 and the workpiece support 6 by the formula, the overlong workpiece shaft is avoided, the workpiece shaft is offset by the force generated when the cutter 4 cuts, the machining error is caused, and the problem that the long workpiece shaft cannot be machined by a common machine tool is solved;
in S8, the calculation formula of the tool correction amount is:
wherein x is the cutter correction amount when the cutter 4 cuts, so that the movement amount of the cutter 4 is changed after the offset correction of the workpiece shaft during processing, and excessive cutting is avoided;
s5, when the pressure sensor detects that the stress is too large, the cutter 4 is excessively worn, and an external alarm module is used for reminding a worker of replacing the cutter;
the surface of the workpiece support 6 is provided with a plurality of rollers, so that the workpiece support 6 is prevented from influencing the rotation of the workpiece shaft.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may be modified or some technical features may be equivalently replaced, and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The numerical control machining device with the automatic cutter feeding and compensating function comprises a lathe (1) and a compensating system, and is characterized in that: the left side of the lathe (1) is fixedly provided with a workpiece clamp (2), the rear side of the right end of the lathe (1) is slidingly provided with a cutter feeding device (3), the cutter feeding device (3) is provided with a plurality of cutters (4), the inner wall of the front side of the lathe (1) is slidingly provided with a supporting table (7), the rear side of the supporting table (7) is provided with a telescopic rod (5), and the tail end of the telescopic rod (5) is provided with a workpiece support (6);
the compensation system comprises an input module, a storage module, an analog module, a calculation module, a detection module and a driving module, wherein the detection module comprises a pressure sensor and a distance sensor, the pressure sensor and the distance sensor are both positioned inside the telescopic rod (5) and are used for detecting the force received or output by the telescopic rod (5) and the length variation of the telescopic rod (5), and the driving module is respectively and electrically connected with the workpiece clamp (2), the tool feeding device (3) and the supporting table (6) and is used for driving the workpiece clamp (2) to rotate and the tool feeding device (3) and the supporting table (6) to move;
the input module is electrically connected with the storage module and the simulation module, the input module is used for inputting processing codes by workers and transmitting the processing codes to the storage module for storage, the simulation module is used for establishing a model, processing the long workpiece shaft in a sectional mode by utilizing the processing codes and matching with the calculation module and the detection module, and simultaneously simulating a processing process for detecting the feed quantity in real time;
the compensation system comprises the following operation steps:
s1, a worker fixes a workpiece shaft to a workpiece clamp (2), and stores a processing program to a storage module through an input module;
s2, a worker moves the cutter feeding device (3) to a trial cutting position, and simultaneously the supporting table (7) moves to the same position;
s3, the telescopic rod (5) stretches until the pressure sensor detects that the telescopic rod (5) receives a large force, the workpiece support (6) is in contact with and presses the workpiece shaft, and the telescopic rod (5) stops stretching and loosens;
s4, starting a first trial cutting, detecting the shrinkage of the telescopic rod (5) by the distance sensor, namely, the offset distance Y of the trial cutting point of the workpiece shaft, repeating the step S3 once after the trial cutting is finished, and entering the step S5;
s5, fixing the telescopic rod (5), starting a second trial cutting, and recording the maximum stress F of the telescopic rod (5) in the second trial cutting period by the pressure sensor;
s6, calculating a correction coefficient of the cutter by a calculation module according to the offset distance Y and the maximum stress F;
s7, moving the supporting table (7) leftwards by l+100mm, wherein l is the single machining length;
s8, starting processing, wherein the computing module and the driving module drive the telescopic rod (5) to correct workpieces and correct cutters;
s9, after the machining is finished, the supporting table (7) and the cutter feeding device (3) are moved leftwards respectively, and the step S9 is repeated until all the workpiece shafts are machined;
in the S3-S6, the feeding amount of the first trial cutting is the same as that of the second trial cutting, and the feeding amount is recorded as v Measuring Meanwhile, the correction coefficient calculation method of the cutter comprises the following steps:
wherein C represents a correction coefficient of the cutter, Y is an offset distance Y of the trial cutting point of the workpiece shaft obtained in S4, and X is a distance between the cutter feeding device (3) and the workpiece clamp (2) during trial cutting;
in S8, the workpiece correction mode is that the telescopic rod (5) provides a certain supporting force for the workpiece shaft through the workpiece support (6), so that the axial direction of a cutting point is not inclined when cutting is ensured, and the supporting force F of the telescopic rod is provided Support frame The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein A is the distance between the workpiece support (6) and the workpiece clamp (2), v Feeding in In order to ensure that the axial direction of a machining position is parallel to the rotating shaft of the workpiece clamp (2) during cutting, the workpiece shaft is prevented from being overlong due to the fact that the axial direction of the machining position is parallel to the rotating shaft of the workpiece clamp (2) during cutting, and the workpiece shaft is prevented from being deviated due to the force of the cutter (4) during cutting, so that machining errors are caused, and the problem that a common machine tool cannot machine long workpiece shafts;
in the step S8, the calculation formula of the tool correction amount is:
in the formula, x is the cutter correction amount when the cutter (4) cuts, so that the movement amount of the cutter (4) is changed after the offset correction of the workpiece shaft during machining, and excessive cutting is avoided.
2. The numerical control machining device with a tool automatic feed compensation function according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S3, telescopic link (5) are relaxed, ensure that the work piece axle can not receive the force beyond cutter (4), guarantee offset measuring accuracy.
3. The numerical control machining device with a tool automatic feed compensation function according to claim 2, characterized in that: in S5, when the pressure sensor detects that the stress is too large, the cutter (4) is excessively worn, and an external alarm module is used for reminding a worker of replacing the cutter.
4. A numerical control machining device with a tool automatic feed compensation function according to claim 3, characterized in that: the surface of the workpiece support (6) is provided with a plurality of rollers, so that the workpiece support (6) is prevented from influencing the rotation of the workpiece shaft.
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| CN115213745B (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2024-01-09 | 上海惠而顺精密工具股份有限公司 | Automatic-feeding tool bit grinding machine and using method thereof |
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