CN114577995B - Deep-sea methane leakage area continuous process simulation device and methane circulation characterization method - Google Patents
Deep-sea methane leakage area continuous process simulation device and methane circulation characterization method Download PDFInfo
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- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
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Abstract
The invention provides a continuous process simulation device for a deep sea methane leakage area, which comprises a continuous fluid supply unit, a leakage process simulation and monitoring unit, a pressurization unit and a data acquisition and display unit, wherein the continuous fluid supply unit is connected with the pressurization unit; the continuous fluid supply unit is used for generating saturated methane fluid and injecting the saturated methane fluid into the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit in a micro-flow manner; the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit is used for simulating a methane leakage process with material exchange with the ambient environment condition; the pressurizing unit is connected with the continuous fluid supply unit and the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit; the data acquisition and display unit is electrically connected with the continuous fluid supply unit, the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit and the pressurization unit, so that the methane leakage process is continuously simulated by adopting an open system mode under the conditions of deep sea in-situ temperature and pressure. The invention also provides a methane cycle characterization method, which provides an important basis for accurately estimating the ocean carbon cycle mode and actively coping with climate change.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of marine environment ecological engineering, in particular to a continuous process simulation device for a deep-sea methane leakage area and a methane circulation characterization method.
Background
Methane is a greenhouse gas which is more than twenty times stronger than the greenhouse effect of carbon dioxide, and researches show that the submarine methane can enter an overlying water environment or even an atmospheric environment after being released. Less estimates of methane release from the seafloor in current global methane and carbon cycle models are low. The main reason is that the cyclic mode of release of the seabed methane, especially the complex physical-chemical-biological conversion law of methane at the sediment layer-seawater interface, is not known. Due to the difficulty of deep sea entry, the problems of high cost and large difficulty in operation and maintenance of large-scale instruments and equipment in long-period and large-scale observation, and the like, a device and a technical method for performing long-period continuous in-situ simulation and parameter online monitoring on the deep sea methane release process are urgently needed, and an accurate seabed methane circulation accounting method is established.
In the existing methane accounting methods, the accounting method in the land atmosphere environment such as the accounting method of the methane emission generated by waste incineration treatment is generally used, although the comprehensive and effective accounting can be carried out aiming at the methane emission generated by waste incineration treatment so as to solve the problem that the existing greenhouse gas emission generated by waste incineration treatment is not completely accounted, and a sound greenhouse gas statistical accounting system and system are established, the actual migration and transformation process of deep sea methane is not considered, and the method is not suitable for the deep sea environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve at least one technical defect, provides a continuous process simulation device for a deep-sea methane leakage area and a methane circulation characterization method, establishes a methane leakage long-period continuous process simulation device under the conditions of temperature and pressure of a deep-sea in situ, establishes a methane accounting method capable of adapting to different depths, and provides an important basic device and method for accurately estimating a marine carbon circulation mode and actively coping with climate change.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the deep-sea methane leakage area continuous process simulation device comprises a continuous fluid supply unit, a leakage process simulation and monitoring unit, a pressurization unit and a data acquisition and display unit; wherein:
the continuous fluid supply unit is used for generating saturated methane fluid and injecting the saturated methane fluid into the seepage process simulation and monitoring unit in a micro-flow manner;
the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit is used for simulating a methane leakage process with material exchange with ambient environmental conditions; recording various environmental parameter conditions in real time through leakage simulation, and sampling and analyzing content changes of various soluble inorganic carbons and various metal ions;
the pressurizing unit is connected with the continuous fluid supply unit and the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit, so that the internal environmental pressure of the simulation process device is stable and consistent;
the data acquisition and display unit is electrically connected with the continuous fluid supply unit, the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit and the pressurization unit, and is used for realizing control operation on each unit and monitoring, acquiring and processing of various environmental data information in the methane leakage simulation process and finishing the characterization process of the whole methane cycle.
In the scheme, the continuous process simulation device for the deep-sea methane leakage area is provided, so that the methane leakage process is continuously simulated by adopting an open system mode under the conditions of deep-sea in-situ temperature and pressure; the open system mode is beneficial to removing metabolic wastes in the methane anaerobic oxidation process mediated by microorganisms and improving the methane oxidation efficiency, and each boundary condition is closer to the leakage process of the submarine methane in the real environment; meanwhile, various environmental data information in the simulation process is monitored, collected and processed, a methane accounting method capable of adapting to different depths is established, and an important basic device and method are provided for accurately estimating a marine carbon cycle mode and actively coping with climate change.
In the scheme, compared with closed methane leakage process simulation, the deep-sea-bottom methane leakage process simulation is carried out in an open system mode, and the method is more approximate to the characteristic that substances are exchanged between a leaked environmental medium and surrounding fluids in the methane leakage process under a real condition; compared with closed environment simulation, the scheme can timely remove metabolic wastes of microorganisms involved in the methane leakage process, can obtain necessary nutrient substances in real time, and is favorable for improving the efficiency of the microorganism-mediated methane anaerobic oxidation process.
The continuous fluid supply unit comprises a gas-liquid dissolving container, an injection pump, a low-temperature water bath container, a mechanical stirring device, a back pressure valve, a micro-flow pump and a seawater culture medium configuration container; wherein:
in order to approach the characteristic that the temperature difference between the seepage flow of the methane-containing fluid and the medium in the surrounding environment is small when the seepage flow of the methane-containing fluid enters a seepage zone under the condition of a real seabed, the gas-liquid dissolving container is arranged in a low-temperature water bath container, so that the heat flow disturbance caused by the temperature difference can be avoided when the methane-containing fluid enters a seepage process simulation and monitoring unit, and the simulation process is not influenced; the gas-liquid dissolving container is provided with a gas inlet, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet; the gas-liquid dissolving container is connected with the pressurizing unit through a gas inlet; the gas-liquid dissolving container is sequentially connected with the seawater culture medium preparation container and the injection pump through a liquid inlet; the gas-liquid dissolving container is connected with the micro-flow pump through a liquid outlet, and saturated methane fluid is injected into the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit in a micro-flow mode through the micro-flow pump;
the gas-liquid dissolving container is internally provided with a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor which are used for monitoring temperature and pressure data in the gas-liquid dissolving container and sending the data to the data acquisition and display unit;
the mechanical stirring device is arranged at the top of the gas-liquid dissolving container and is used for enhancing the dissolution of solutes in the gas-liquid dissolving container;
the back pressure valve is arranged at the top of the gas-liquid dissolving container and used for ensuring that the gas-liquid dissolving container completes the dissolving process under the condition of set pressure.
In the simulation process of the continuous fluid supply unit, the temperature setting of the gas-liquid dissolving container is consistent with that of the seepage process simulation and monitoring unit and is also the actual seabed temperature, but the pressure of the gas-liquid dissolving container is monitored to be lower than the phase equilibrium pressure formed by methane hydrate under the temperature condition, so that the methane hydrate is prevented from being formed in the gas-liquid dissolving container.
The seepage process simulation and monitoring unit comprises a deep sea sediment-sea water interface process simulation kettle, a visual window, a porous sintering plate, a resistivity measurement system, a second temperature sensor, a methane and carbon dioxide sensor, a particle imaging sensor, a PID valve and a gas-liquid collection tank, wherein the deep sea sediment-sea water interface process simulation kettle is formed by connecting an upper sea water environment simulation cavity and a lower sediment environment simulation cavity through flanges; wherein:
the visual window is arranged on the deep sea sediment-sea water interface process simulation kettle, and a sediment-sea water interface is formed by the upper seawater environment simulation cavity and the lower sediment environment simulation cavity, so that the formation condition of methane hydrate at the sediment-sea water interface can be observed conveniently;
the porous sintering plate is arranged at the sediment seawater interface and is used for preventing substances, such as sea mud and the like, in the lower sediment environment simulation cavity from being transported into the upper seawater environment simulation cavity under seepage disturbance in the methane leakage process;
the resistivity measurement system is arranged in the lower sediment environment simulation cavity and is used for monitoring and measuring the saturation change condition formed by methane hydrate in the sediment in the methane leakage simulation process and sending the saturation change condition to the data acquisition and display unit;
second temperature sensors are arranged in the upper seawater environment simulation cavity and the lower sediment environment simulation cavity and used for monitoring the environment temperature change condition in the methane leakage simulation process and sending the environment temperature change condition to the data acquisition and display unit; meanwhile, the upper seawater environment simulation cavity is also provided with a methane sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor and a particle imaging sensor, and the sensors are used for monitoring the methane concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration change of the upper seawater environment simulation cavity, monitoring the formation distribution condition of methane hydrate particles in the seawater environment and sending the condition to the data acquisition and display unit;
the PID valve is arranged on a pipeline connected with the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle and the gas-liquid collecting tank and used for PID regulation and control to ensure that the pressure in the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle is stable in the whole leakage process of the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit;
the gas-liquid collecting tank has the functions of monitoring pressure and temperature and is used for collecting and metering the volume of gas and liquid discharged from the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle;
and a gas inlet is arranged at the bottom of the lower sediment environment simulation cavity and is connected with the pressurizing unit through the gas inlet.
In the whole leakage process simulation, the inlet and the outlet of the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle are opened at the same time, the continuous leakage process is kept, and the substance exchange condition between the methane leakage environment medium and the surrounding environment is simulated under the condition of approaching to the real seabed environment.
In the seepage process simulation and monitoring unit, for the convenience of visual window observation, the temperature control of the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle adopts a jacket type water bath mode, namely, a water bath jacket is arranged around the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle, circulating refrigerating fluid is filled in the water bath jacket, and the outer wall of the water bath jacket is provided with an insulating layer to ensure the low temperature environment in the upper seawater environment simulation cavity and the lower sediment environment simulation cavity.
The resistivity measurement system is arranged in a sediment environment simulation cavity at the lower part in a space point distribution mode, 3 layers of measuring points are uniformly distributed in a sediment, 5 multiplied by 5=25 resistivity probes are distributed at each layer of measuring points, the output end of each resistivity probe is electrically connected with the data acquisition and display unit, and the resistivity measurement system is used for monitoring and measuring the saturation change condition formed by methane hydrate in the sediment in the methane leakage simulation process and sending the saturation change condition to the data acquisition and display unit.
Wherein, the gas-liquid dissolving container and the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle are pressure-resistant containers.
The supercharging unit comprises an air compressor, a booster pump, an air storage tank, a regulating valve and a pipe valve; wherein:
the pressurization unit is connected with the continuous fluid supply unit and the gas inlet of the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit through pipe valves; the air compressor is connected with the input end of the air storage tank through the booster pump; the output end of the gas storage tank is provided with a regulating valve which is connected with the pipe valve through the regulating valve and used for injecting specific gas into the continuous fluid supply unit and the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit.
In the above scheme, the data acquisition and display unit comprises a data acquisition unit, a data central processing unit, an operation computer and the like to realize the functions of monitoring the change of various environmental data information in the methane leakage simulation process, acquiring, processing, storing, outputting images and the like in real time.
In the scheme, the method for simulating the continuous deep sea methane leakage process mainly comprises the following steps:
firstly, assembling a leakage process simulation and monitoring unit from bottom to top, and filling the sediment of an actual deep sea methane leakage area or artificially simulated deep sea sediment into a sediment environment simulation cavity at the lower part in sequence. If the sediment is artificially configured, microorganism enrichment liquid participating in methane anaerobic oxidation is required to be injected into the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle. Porous sintered plates are placed at the sediment and seawater interface, allowing gas and liquid to be transported from the lower sediment environment simulation chamber into the upper seawater environment simulation chamber, but preventing solid sediment from being transported into the upper seawater environment. And then the actual or artificially configured deep sea water is filled in the upper seawater environment simulation cavity. And then starting a water bath refrigerating system to ensure that the temperature in the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle in the seepage process is kept consistent with the temperature condition at the bottom of the deep sea. And then, opening a pressurizing unit, and injecting nitrogen into the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle to increase the pressure value in the kettle to be consistent with the pressure condition of the deep sea bottom. Then, the seawater culture medium configuration container configured for the growth of microorganisms and methane gas are injected into the continuous fluid supply unit, and the pressure in the gas-liquid dissolution container is controlled by constant pressure so as not to exceed a set value. And starting a water bath refrigeration system of the gas-liquid dissolving container to ensure that the temperature value in the gas-liquid dissolving container is consistent with the temperature in the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle. And then starting mechanical stirring, and when the methane in the gas-liquid dissolving container is saturated, sequentially opening an outlet of the gas-liquid dissolving container, a micro-flow pump, an inlet and an outlet of the seepage process simulation kettle, and continuously injecting a methane-containing fluid into the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle at a slow speed.
In the whole simulation process, the pressure condition in the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle is kept constant and consistent with the actual deep sea environment condition through constant pressure control. In the whole process, a liquid inlet channel and a liquid outlet of the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle are both arranged in an opening device, and a methane leakage process with material exchange with the ambient environment condition is simulated. And recording various environmental parameter conditions in real time through leakage simulation, and sampling and analyzing various soluble inorganic carbons and various metal ion content changes.
Based on the simulation process, the invention also provides a methane cycle characterization method, which is specifically represented as follows:
M methane input ＝Q 1 t＝bρ Methane hydrate V Lower cavity SH 1 +bρ Methane hydrate nv+V Deposit of matter X 2 +V Seawater, its production and use X 3 +λ Methane oxidation t+V 1 X 4
Wherein M is Methane input Representing the input quality of methane; q 1 The flow rate of the fluid injected into the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit by the continuous fluid supply unit is shown, and t represents the time of methane leakage simulation; b is the mass ratio of methane in the methane hydrate per unit mass, rho Methane hydrate Denotes the density, V, of methane hydrate Lower cavity Represents the volume of the lower sediment environment simulation chamber, SH 1 Denotes the saturation of methane hydrate, bpp Methane hydrate V Lower cavity SH 1 Representing the amount of methane in the methane hydrate in the deposit; n represents the number of methane hydrate particles formed per unit volume of seawater, v represents the average volume, b ρ Methane hydrate nv represents the amount of methane in the methane hydrate in seawater; v Deposit of matter Denotes the volume of the deposit, X 2 Denotes the methane concentration in the deposit, V Deposit of matter X 2 Represents the dissolved methane quantity in the pore water of the sediment; v Seawater, its production and use Denotes the volume of seawater, X 3 Representing the concentration of methane in seawater, V Seawater, its production and use X 3 Representing the dissolved amount of methane in seawater; lambda [ alpha ] Methane oxidation Denotes the methane oxidation rate, lambda Methane oxidation t represents the amount of methane oxidation; v 1 Showing the amount of liquid in the gas-liquid collecting tank, X 4 Denotes the solubility of methane, V 1 X 4 Indicating the amount of methane removed at the outlet. If the simulated seawater depth range is smaller, the system isThe pressure value is lower, if the depth of the seawater is within 600 meters, the formation process of the hydrate is not considered, and the dissolving and biochemical conversion processes are mainly considered.
In which SH 1 Estimating through the change of the resistivity value, measuring the number n and the average volume v of methane hydrate particles formed in unit volume of seawater through particle imaging, wherein the particle imaging is carried out through multiple times of shooting by a particle imaging sensor to obtain the number and the volume distribution of the particles in continuous images, and obtaining the number value and the average volume of the hydrate particles through image recognition technology and statistical calculation; methane oxidation rate lambda Methane oxidation The method is characterized by real-time change values of the concentration of the soluble inorganic carbon in the solution sampled in real time, so that a methane source sink conservation model in the deep-sea methane leakage process is obtained and is used for accurately characterizing the methane circulation process in the deep-sea methane leakage process.
Wherein, if the sediment is artificially filled, SH is directly treated according to the Archie's formula 1 And estimating, wherein the specific calculation process is as follows:
wherein phi is porosity, a is Archie coefficient, m is cementation index, b is saturation index, R is w Is the resistivity of the formation water, R t Is the bottom layer resistivity;
in the case of natural sea mud deposits, the corrected Archie's formula is applied to SH 1 And (3) estimating, wherein the specific calculation process is represented as:
wherein φ is the porosity, a is the Archie coefficient, R w Is the resistivity of the formation water, R t Is the bottom layer resistivity; k is the component of clay mineral in the sedimentary deposit, and g, f and c are constants.
Obtaining the hydrate saturation of each measuring point in the sediment layer through the Archie's convention, considering the hydrate saturation value of the measuring point to represent the value in the unit volume according to the volume difference method, and then the hydrate volume in the whole sediment layer is the sum of the product of the volume of the small sediment with the difference and the hydrate saturation in the volume.
In the scheme, the deep-sea methane leakage area continuous process simulation device and the methane circulation characterization method have the simulation capability of a deep-sea continuous process of methane leakage under the environment conditions of in-situ temperature and pressure, and the problem that most of existing seabed methane phase change processes such as hydrate formation simulation are closed systems and have deviation with a real seabed continuous reaction environment is solved. Meanwhile, the physical, chemical and biological conversion of the methane has the capability of multi-parameter online monitoring and real-time measurement, and a seabed methane circulation accounting method which simultaneously considers the physical and biological chemical conversion processes is established; the problems that the existing biochemical conversion processes such as methane anaerobic oxidation and the like are disconnected with physical processes such as methane phase state conversion and the like are solved, the source-sink mechanism of submarine methane release is accurately known, and a more accurate methane circulation accounting method is established.
The invention provides on-line monitoring and real-time measurement of various parameter conditions of a methane leakage process in a sediment layer and a seawater environment, considers the measurement and differential calculation method of methane hydrate saturation in artificial filling sediment and real submarine sediment, provides a monitoring and hydration substance mass calculation method of methane hydrate particle formation in seawater, fully considers the influence of dissolution, phase change and biochemical conversion of methane on a methane circulation process in the sediment and seawater environment in the deep sea environment, and establishes a complete accounting method.
The invention also provides a method for calculating the formation amount of methane hydrate particles in the seawater environment based on image observation, which can represent the accurate representation of the formation amount of methane hydrates in a sedimentary layer and the seawater environment in the deep-sea methane leakage process by real-time online measurement; the invention also comprehensively considers the physical and biochemical conversion processes of methane in the leakage process, provides various calculation methods of methane source and sink terms in the deep-sea methane leakage process, and provides a methane cycle characterization model.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a continuous process simulation device for a deep-sea methane leakage area and a methane circulation characterization method, which realize continuous simulation of a methane leakage process by adopting an open system mode under the conditions of deep-sea in-situ temperature and pressure; the open system mode is beneficial to the elimination of metabolic wastes in the methane anaerobic oxidation process mediated by microorganisms and the improvement of the methane oxidation efficiency, and each boundary condition is closer to the leakage process of the submarine methane in the real environment; meanwhile, various environmental data information in the simulation process is monitored, collected and processed, a methane accounting method capable of adapting to different depths is established, and an important basic device and method are provided for accurately estimating a marine carbon cycle mode and actively coping with climate change.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the acquisition process connection according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a basic flow diagram of the characterization method of the present invention;
wherein: 1. a continuous fluid supply unit; 11. a gas-liquid dissolution vessel; 12. an infusion pump; 13. a low temperature water bath container; 14. a mechanical stirring device; 15. a back pressure valve; 16. a micro-flow pump; 17. a seawater culture medium configuration container; 18. a temperature sensor; 19. a pressure sensor; 2. a leakage process simulation and monitoring unit; 21. a deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle; 211. an upper seawater environment simulation cavity; 212. a lower sediment environment simulation cavity; 22. a visual window; 23. a porous sintered plate; 24. a resistivity measurement system; 25. a second temperature sensor; 26. methane, carbon dioxide sensors; 27. a particle imaging sensor; 28. a PID valve; 29. a gas-liquid collection tank; 3. a pressurizing unit; 4. a data acquisition and display unit; 5. water bath jacket.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
the embodiment is a complete use example and has rich content
For the purpose of better illustrating the present embodiments, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a deep-sea methane leakage area continuous process simulation device comprises a continuous fluid supply unit 1, a leakage process simulation and monitoring unit 2, a pressurization unit 3 and a data acquisition and display unit 4; wherein: the continuous fluid supply unit 1 is used for generating saturated methane fluid and injecting the saturated methane fluid into the seepage process simulation and monitoring unit 2 in a micro-flow mode; the seepage process simulation and monitoring unit 2 is used for simulating a methane seepage process with material exchange with ambient environmental conditions; recording various environmental parameter conditions in real time through leakage simulation, and sampling and analyzing content changes of various soluble inorganic carbons and various metal ions; the pressurizing unit 3 is connected with the continuous fluid supply unit 1 and the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit 2, so that the internal environmental pressure of the simulation process device is stable and consistent; the data acquisition and display unit 4 is electrically connected with the continuous fluid supply unit 1, the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit 2 and the pressurizing unit 3, and is used for realizing control operation of each unit and monitoring, acquisition and processing of various environmental data information in the methane leakage simulation process and finishing the characterization process of the whole methane cycle.
In a specific implementation process, the embodiment provides a continuous process simulation device for a deep-sea methane leakage area, which realizes continuous simulation of a methane leakage process by adopting an open system mode under the conditions of deep-sea in-situ temperature and pressure; the open system mode is beneficial to the elimination of metabolic wastes in the methane anaerobic oxidation process mediated by microorganisms and the improvement of the methane oxidation efficiency, and each boundary condition is closer to the leakage process of the submarine methane in the real environment; meanwhile, various environmental data information in the simulation process is monitored, collected and processed, a methane accounting method capable of adapting to different depths is established, and an important basic device and method are provided for accurately estimating a marine carbon cycle mode and actively coping with climate change.
In a specific implementation process, compared with a closed methane leakage process simulation, the deep-sea-bottom methane leakage process simulation is carried out in an open system mode, and the simulation is closer to the characteristic that a leaked environmental medium and surrounding fluid have material exchange in the methane leakage process under a real condition; compared with closed environment simulation, the scheme can timely remove metabolic wastes of microorganisms involved in the methane leakage process, can obtain necessary nutrient substances in real time, and is favorable for improving the efficiency of the microorganism-mediated methane anaerobic oxidation process.
Example 2
More specifically, in example 1, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the continuous fluid supply unit 1 includes a gas-liquid dissolution vessel 11, an injection pump 12, a low-temperature water bath vessel 13, a mechanical stirring device 14, a back pressure valve 15, a micro-flow pump 16, and a seawater medium preparation vessel 17; wherein:
the gas-liquid dissolving container 11 is arranged in the low-temperature water bath container 13, so that heat flow disturbance caused by temperature difference can be avoided when the methane-containing fluid enters the seepage process simulation and monitoring unit 2, and the simulation process is not influenced; the gas-liquid dissolving container 11 is provided with a gas inlet, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet; the gas-liquid dissolving container 11 is connected with the pressurizing unit 3 through a gas inlet; the gas-liquid dissolving container 11 is sequentially connected with the seawater culture medium configuration container 17 and the injection pump 12 through a liquid inlet; the gas-liquid dissolving container 11 is connected with a micro-flow pump 16 through a liquid outlet, and saturated methane fluid is injected into the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit 2 in a micro-flow manner through the micro-flow pump 16;
a temperature sensor 18 and a pressure sensor 19 are arranged in the gas-liquid dissolving container 11 and used for monitoring temperature and pressure data in the gas-liquid dissolving container 11 and sending the data to the data acquisition and display unit 4; the mechanical stirring device 14 is arranged at the top of the gas-liquid dissolving container 11 and is used for enhancing the dissolution of the solute in the gas-liquid dissolving container 11; the back pressure valve 15 is arranged at the top of the gas-liquid dissolving container 11 and is used for ensuring that the gas-liquid dissolving container 11 completes the dissolving process under the set pressure condition.
More specifically, in the simulation process of the continuous fluid supply unit 1, the temperature of the gas-liquid dissolution vessel 11 is set to be the same as that of the seepage process simulation and monitoring unit 2, which is the actual temperature of the sea bottom, but the pressure is monitored to be lower than the phase equilibrium pressure for methane hydrate formation under the temperature condition, so as to avoid methane hydrate formation in the gas-liquid dissolution vessel 11.
More specifically, the seepage process simulation and monitoring unit 2 comprises a deep sea sediment-sea water interface process simulation kettle 21 formed by connecting two parts of an upper sea water environment simulation cavity 211 and a lower sediment environment simulation cavity 212 through flanges, a visible window 22, a porous sintering plate 23, a resistivity measurement system 24, a second temperature sensor 25, a methane and carbon dioxide sensor 26, a particle imaging sensor 27, a PID valve 28 and a gas-liquid collection tank 29; wherein: the visual window 22 is arranged on the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle 21, and a sediment seawater interface is formed by the upper seawater environment simulation cavity 211 and the lower sediment environment simulation cavity 212, so that the formation condition of methane hydrate at the sediment-seawater interface can be observed conveniently; the porous sintering plate 23 is arranged at a sediment seawater interface and is used for preventing substances in the lower sediment environment simulation cavity 212 from being transported into the upper seawater environment simulation cavity 211 under seepage disturbance in the methane leakage process; the resistivity measurement system 24 is arranged in the lower sediment environment simulation cavity 212 and is used for monitoring and measuring the saturation change condition formed by methane hydrate in the sediment in the methane leakage simulation process and sending the saturation change condition to the data acquisition and display unit 4; the upper seawater environment simulation cavity 211 and the lower sediment environment simulation cavity 212 are respectively provided with a second temperature sensor 25 for monitoring the environment temperature change condition in the methane leakage simulation process and sending the environment temperature change condition to the data acquisition and display unit 4; meanwhile, the upper seawater environment simulation cavity 211 is further provided with a methane and carbon dioxide sensor 26 and a particle imaging sensor 27, which are used for monitoring the methane concentration and carbon dioxide concentration change of the upper seawater environment simulation cavity 211, monitoring the formation distribution condition of methane hydrate particles in the seawater environment, and sending the methane hydrate particles to the data acquisition and display unit 4; the PID valve 28 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle 21 and the gas-liquid collecting tank 29, and is used for carrying out PID regulation and control to ensure that the pressure in the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle 21 is stable in the whole leakage process by the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit 2; the gas-liquid collecting tank 29 has the functions of monitoring pressure and temperature and is used for collecting and metering the volume of gas and liquid discharged from the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle 21; a gas inlet is arranged at the bottom of the lower sediment environment simulation cavity 212 and is connected with the pressurizing unit 3 through the gas inlet.
In the whole leakage process simulation, the inlet and the outlet of the deep-sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle 21 are simultaneously opened, the continuous leakage process is kept, and the substance exchange condition of the environmental medium leaked by methane and the surrounding environment is simulated under the condition close to the real seabed environment.
More specifically, in the seepage process simulation and monitoring unit 2, for the convenience of observation through the visible window 22, the temperature control of the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle 21 adopts a jacket type water bath mode, that is, a water bath jacket 5 is arranged around the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle 21, the water bath jacket 5 is filled with circulating refrigerant, and the outer wall of the water bath jacket 5 is provided with an insulating layer, so as to ensure the low temperature environment in the upper seawater environment simulation cavity 211 and the lower sediment environment simulation cavity 212.
More specifically, the resistivity measurement system 24 is arranged in the lower sediment environment simulation cavity 212 in a spatial point arrangement manner, 3 layers of measuring points are uniformly arranged in the sediment, 5 × 5=25 resistivity probes are arranged on each layer of measuring points, and the output end of each resistivity probe is electrically connected with the data acquisition and display unit 4, and is used for monitoring and measuring the saturation change condition formed by methane hydrate in the sediment in the methane leakage simulation process and sending the saturation change condition to the data acquisition and display unit 4.
More specifically, the gas-liquid dissolution vessel 11 and the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle 21 are pressure-resistant vessels.
More specifically, the pressurization unit 3 comprises an air compressor, a pressurization pump, an air storage tank, a regulating valve and a pipe valve; wherein: the pressurizing unit 3 is connected with the continuous fluid supply unit 1 and the gas inlet of the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit 2 through pipe valves; the air compressor is connected with the input end of the air storage tank through the booster pump; the output end of the gas storage tank is provided with a regulating valve which is connected with the pipe valve through the regulating valve and used for injecting specific gas into the continuous fluid supply unit 1 and the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit 2.
In the specific implementation process, the data acquisition and display unit 4 comprises a data acquisition unit, a data central processing unit, an operation computer and the like, so that the functions of monitoring the change of various environmental data information in the methane leakage simulation process, acquiring, processing, storing, outputting images and the like in real time are realized.
In the specific implementation process, the deep-sea methane continuous seepage process simulation method related by the device mainly comprises the following processes:
firstly, the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit 2 is assembled from bottom to top, and sediments in the methane leakage area in the actual water depth environment of 1400 m in south sea are filled in the lower sediment environment simulation cavity 212 in sequence. Porous sintered plates 23 are placed at the sediment and seawater interface, allowing gas and liquid to migrate from the lower sediment environment simulation chamber 212 into the upper seawater environment simulation chamber 211, but preventing solid sediment from migrating into the upper seawater environment. And then the upper seawater environment simulation cavity 211 is filled with actual or artificial deep seawater. Then, a water bath refrigeration system is started, so that the temperature in the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle 21 in the seepage process is kept consistent with the temperature condition at the bottom of the deep sea: 4 ℃ is prepared. Then the pressurizing unit 3 is opened, nitrogen is injected into the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle 21, and the pressure value in the kettle is increased to 14MPa. Then, the culture solution for growth of microorganisms and methane gas prepared in the seawater medium preparation vessel 17 are injected into the continuous fluid supply unit, and the pressure in the gas-liquid dissolution vessel 11 is made not to exceed the set value of 2MPa by constant pressure control. Starting a water bath refrigeration system of the gas-liquid dissolving container 11 to ensure that the temperature value in the gas-liquid dissolving container 11 is consistent with the temperature in the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle 21: 4 ℃ is prepared. And then starting the mechanical stirring device 14, when the methane in the gas-liquid dissolving container 11 is saturated at the rotating speed of 120 rpm, sequentially opening the outlet of the gas-liquid dissolving container 11, the micro-flow pump 16, and the inlet and the outlet of the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle 21, and continuously injecting the methane-containing fluid into the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle 21 at the speed of 10 ml/min.
In the whole simulation process, the pressure condition of the 21 in the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle is kept constant at 14MPa by constant pressure control and is consistent with the actual deep sea environment condition. In the whole process, the liquid inlet channel and the liquid outlet of the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle 21 are both arranged in an opening device, and a methane leakage process with material exchange with the ambient environmental conditions is simulated. And recording various environmental parameter conditions in real time through leakage simulation, and sampling and analyzing various soluble inorganic carbons and various metal ion content changes.
Example 3
Based on the above simulation process, this embodiment proposes a methane cycle characterization method, and the specific process is shown in fig. 3. Wherein, in the whole continuous methane leakage simulation process, the methane cycle characterization method is specifically expressed as follows:
M methane input ＝Q 1 t＝bρ Methane hydrate V Lower cavity SH 1 +bρ Methane hydrate nv+V Deposit material X 2 +V Seawater, its production and use X 3 +λ Methane oxidation t+V 1 X 4
Wherein M is Methane input Representing the input quality of methane; q 1 The flow rate of the fluid injected into the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit 2 by the continuous fluid supply unit 1 is shown, and t represents the time of methane leakage simulationSpacing; b is the mass ratio of methane in the methane hydrate per unit mass, rho Methane hydrate Denotes the density, V, of methane hydrate Lower cavity Represents the volume, SH, of the lower sediment environment simulation chamber 212 1 Denotes the saturation of methane hydrate, bpp Methane hydrate V Lower cavity SH 1 Representing the amount of methane in the methane hydrate in the deposit; n represents the number of methane hydrate particles formed per unit volume of seawater, v represents the average volume, b ρ Methane hydrate nv represents the amount of methane in the methane hydrate in seawater; v Deposit material Denotes the volume of the deposit, X 2 Represents the methane concentration in the deposit, V Deposit of matter X 2 Represents the dissolved methane quantity in the sediment pore water; v Seawater, its production and use Denotes the volume of sea water, X 3 Represents the concentration of methane in seawater, V Seawater, its production and use X 3 Expressing the dissolved amount of methane in seawater; lambda [ alpha ] Methane oxidation Denotes the methane oxidation rate, lambda Methane oxidation t represents the amount of methane oxidation; v 1 Shows the amount of liquid, X, in the gas-liquid collecting tank 29 4 Denotes the solubility of methane, V 1 X 4 Represents the amount of methane removed at the outlet;
more specifically, SH 1 Estimating through the change of the resistivity value, and measuring the number n and the average volume v of methane hydrate particles in unit volume of seawater through particle imaging; methane oxidation rate lambda Methane oxidation The method is characterized by real-time change values of the concentration of the soluble inorganic carbon in the solution sampled in real time, so that a methane source sink conservation model in the deep-sea methane leakage process is obtained and is used for accurately characterizing the methane circulation process in the deep-sea methane leakage process.
Since the natural sea mud deposit is used in this example, a modified Archie's formula is used for SH 1 And (3) estimating, wherein the specific calculation process is represented as:
wherein φ is the porosity, a is the Archie coefficient, R w Is the resistivity of the formation water, R t Is the bottom layer resistivity; k is the composition of clay minerals in the sedimentary deposit, g =0.827, f =2.662, c =3.281.
And acquiring the hydrate saturation of each measuring point in the sediment layer through Archie notation, considering that the hydrate saturation value of each measuring point represents the value in the unit volume according to a volume difference method, and then adding the hydrate volume in the whole sediment layer to the product of the volume of the differential small sediment and the hydrate saturation in the volume.
In the specific implementation process, the continuous process simulation device for the deep sea methane leakage area and the methane circulation characterization method have the simulation capability of a continuous process of methane leakage under the conditions of deep sea in-situ temperature and pressure, and the problem that most of existing seabed methane phase change processes such as hydrate formation simulation are closed systems and have deviation with a real seabed continuous reaction environment is solved. Meanwhile, the method has the capability of multi-parameter online monitoring and real-time measurement on the physical, chemical and biological conversion of methane, and establishes a seabed methane cycle accounting method simultaneously considering the physical and biological conversion processes; the problems that the existing biochemical conversion processes such as methane anaerobic oxidation and the like are disconnected with physical processes such as methane phase state conversion and the like are solved, the source-sink mechanism of submarine methane release is accurately known, and a more accurate methane circulation accounting method is established.
The embodiment provides on-line monitoring and real-time measurement of various parameter conditions of a methane leakage process in a sediment layer and a seawater environment, considers the measurement and differential calculation method of methane hydrate saturation in artificial filling sediment and real seabed sediment, provides a monitoring and hydration substance mass calculation method of methane hydrate particle formation in seawater, fully considers the influence of dissolution, phase change and biochemical conversion of methane in the sediment and seawater environment in the deep sea environment on a methane circulation process, and establishes a complete accounting method.
The embodiment also provides a method for calculating the formation amount of methane hydrate particles in the seawater environment based on image observation, which can accurately represent the formation amount of methane hydrates in a sedimentary stratum and the seawater environment in the process of representing deep sea methane leakage through real-time online measurement; the invention also comprehensively considers the physical and biochemical conversion processes of methane in the leakage process, provides various calculation methods of methane source and sink items in the deep sea methane leakage process, and provides a methane cycle characterization model.
In conclusion, the scheme provides a continuous process simulation device for a deep sea methane leakage area and a methane circulation characterization method, and continuous simulation of a methane leakage process is realized by adopting an open system mode under the conditions of deep sea in-situ temperature and pressure; the open system mode is beneficial to the elimination of metabolic wastes in the methane anaerobic oxidation process mediated by microorganisms and the improvement of the methane oxidation efficiency, and each boundary condition is closer to the leakage process of the submarine methane in the real environment; meanwhile, various environmental data information in the simulation process is monitored, collected and processed, a methane accounting method capable of adapting to different depths is established, and an important basic device and method are provided for accurately estimating a marine carbon cycle mode and actively coping with climate change.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The deep sea methane leakage area continuous process simulation device is characterized by comprising a continuous fluid supply unit (1), a leakage process simulation and monitoring unit (2), a pressurization unit (3) and a data acquisition and display unit (4); wherein:
the continuous fluid supply unit (1) is used for generating saturated methane fluid and injecting the saturated methane fluid into the seepage process simulation and monitoring unit (2) in a micro-flow manner;
the seepage process simulation and monitoring unit (2) is used for simulating a methane seepage process with material exchange with ambient environmental conditions; recording various environmental parameter conditions in real time through leakage simulation, and sampling and analyzing content changes of various soluble inorganic carbons and various metal ions;
the pressurizing unit (3) is connected with the continuous fluid supply unit (1) and the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit (2) to ensure that the internal environmental pressure of the simulation process device is stable and consistent;
the data acquisition and display unit (4) is electrically connected with the continuous fluid supply unit (1), the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit (2) and the pressurization unit (3) and is used for realizing control operation on each unit and monitoring, acquiring and processing various environmental data information in the methane leakage simulation process and finishing the characterization process of the whole methane cycle; the continuous fluid supply unit (1) comprises a gas-liquid dissolving container (11), an injection pump (12), a low-temperature water bath container (13), a mechanical stirring device (14), a back pressure valve (15), a micro-flow pump (16) and a seawater culture medium preparation container (17); wherein:
the gas-liquid dissolving container (11) is arranged in the low-temperature water bath container (13) to ensure that the methane-containing fluid cannot cause heat flow disturbance due to temperature difference when entering the seepage process simulation and monitoring unit (2) to influence the simulation process; the gas-liquid dissolving container (11) is provided with a gas inlet, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet; the gas-liquid dissolving container (11) is connected with the pressurizing unit (3) through a gas inlet; the gas-liquid dissolving container (11) is sequentially connected with the seawater culture medium configuration container (17) and the injection pump (12) through a liquid inlet; the gas-liquid dissolving container (11) is connected with a micro-flow pump (16) through a liquid outlet, and saturated methane fluid is injected into the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit (2) in a micro-flow manner through the micro-flow pump (16);
a temperature sensor (18) and a pressure sensor (19) are arranged in the gas-liquid dissolving container (11) and used for monitoring temperature and pressure data in the gas-liquid dissolving container (11) and sending the data to the data acquisition and display unit (4);
the mechanical stirring device (14) is arranged at the top of the gas-liquid dissolving container (11) and is used for enhancing the dissolution of the solute in the gas-liquid dissolving container (11);
the back pressure valve (15) is arranged at the top of the gas-liquid dissolving container (11) and is used for ensuring that the gas-liquid dissolving container (11) completes the dissolving process under the condition of set pressure.
2. The continuous process simulation device for deep-sea methane blowby area according to claim 1, characterized in that in the continuous fluid supply unit (1) simulation process, the gas-liquid dissolution vessel (11) is set at a temperature consistent with the leak process simulation and monitoring unit (2) and at a seabed actual temperature, but the pressure is monitored below the phase equilibrium pressure for methane hydrate formation, so as to avoid methane hydrate formation in the gas-liquid dissolution vessel (11).
3. The continuous process simulation device for the deep sea methane leakage area according to claim 1, wherein the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit (2) comprises a deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle (21) formed by connecting an upper seawater environment simulation cavity (211) and a lower sediment environment simulation cavity (212) through flanges, a visible window (22), a porous sintering plate (23), a resistivity measurement system (24), a second temperature sensor (25), a methane and carbon dioxide sensor (26), a particle imaging sensor (27), a PID valve (28) and a gas-liquid collection tank (29); wherein:
the visual window (22) is arranged on the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle (21), and a sediment seawater interface is formed by the upper seawater environment simulation cavity (211) and the lower sediment environment simulation cavity (212), so that the formation condition of methane hydrate at the sediment-seawater interface can be observed conveniently;
the porous sintered plate (23) is arranged at a sediment seawater interface and is used for preventing substances in the lower sediment environment simulation cavity (212) from being transported into the upper seawater environment simulation cavity (211) under seepage disturbance in the methane leakage process;
the resistivity measurement system (24) is arranged in the lower sediment environment simulation cavity (212) and is used for monitoring and measuring the saturation change condition formed by methane hydrate in the sediment in the methane leakage simulation process and sending the saturation change condition to the data acquisition and display unit (4);
second temperature sensors (25) are arranged in the upper seawater environment simulation cavity (211) and the lower sediment environment simulation cavity (212) and used for monitoring the environment temperature change condition in the methane leakage simulation process and sending the environment temperature change condition to the data acquisition and display unit (4); meanwhile, a methane and carbon dioxide sensor (26) and a particle imaging sensor (27) are also arranged in the upper seawater environment simulation cavity (211) and are used for monitoring the methane concentration and carbon dioxide concentration change of the upper seawater environment simulation cavity (211) and monitoring the formation and distribution condition of methane hydrate particles in the seawater environment and sending the condition to the data acquisition and display unit (4);
the PID valve (28) is arranged on a pipeline connected with the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle (21) and the gas-liquid collecting tank (29) and is used for PID control and guarantee that the pressure in the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle (21) is stable in the whole leakage process by the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit (2);
the gas-liquid collecting tank (29) has the functions of monitoring pressure and temperature and is used for collecting and metering the volume of gas and liquid discharged from the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle (21);
and a gas inlet is arranged at the bottom of the lower sediment environment simulation cavity (212) and is connected with the pressurizing unit (3) through the gas inlet.
4. The continuous deep-sea methane leakage area process simulation device according to claim 3, wherein in the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit (2), for the convenience of observation through the visual window (22), the temperature control of the deep-sea sediment-sea water interface process simulation kettle (21) adopts a jacketed water bath mode, that is, a water bath jacket (5) is arranged around the deep-sea sediment-sea water interface process simulation kettle (21), the water bath jacket (5) is filled with circulating refrigerant, and the outer wall of the water bath jacket (5) is provided with an insulating layer, so as to ensure the low temperature environment in the upper seawater environment simulation cavity (211) and the lower sediment environment simulation cavity (212).
5. The continuous process simulation device for the deep-sea methane leakage area according to claim 4, wherein the resistivity measurement system (24) is arranged in a space point distribution manner in the lower sediment environment simulation cavity (212), 3 layers of measuring points are uniformly arranged in the sediment, 5 x 5=25 resistivity probes are arranged at each layer of measuring points, and the output end of each resistivity probe is electrically connected with the data acquisition and display unit (4) and is used for monitoring and measuring the saturation change condition formed by methane hydrates in the sediment in the methane leakage simulation process and sending the saturation change condition to the data acquisition and display unit (4).
6. The continuous process simulation device for the deep sea methane leakage zone according to claim 4, wherein the gas-liquid dissolving vessel (11) and the deep sea sediment-seawater interface process simulation kettle (21) are pressure-resistant vessels.
7. The continuous process simulation device for deep sea methane leakage area according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the pressurizing unit (3) comprises an air compressor, a pressurizing pump, an air storage tank, a regulating valve and a pipe valve; wherein:
the pressurization unit (3) is connected with the continuous fluid supply unit (1) and a gas inlet of the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit (2) through pipe valves; the air compressor is connected with the input end of the air storage tank through the booster pump; the output end of the gas storage tank is provided with a regulating valve which is connected with the pipe valve through the regulating valve and used for injecting specific gas into the continuous fluid supply unit (1) and the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit (2).
8. A methane cycle characterization method is realized based on the deep-sea methane leakage area continuous process simulation device as claimed in claims 1-6, and is characterized in that in the whole continuous methane leakage simulation process, the methane cycle characterization method is specifically represented as follows:
M methane input ＝Q 1 t＝bρ Methane hydrate V Lower cavity SH 1 +bρ Methane hydrate nv+V Deposit material X 2 +V Seawater, its production and use X 3 +λ Methane oxidation t+V 1 X 4
Wherein, M Methane input Representing the input quality of methane; q 1 The flow rate of the fluid injected into the leakage process simulation and monitoring unit (2) by the continuous fluid supply unit (1) is shown, and t represents the time of methane leakage simulation; b is the mass ratio of methane in the methane hydrate per unit mass, rho Methane hydrate Denotes the density, V, of methane hydrate Lower cavity Represents the volume, SH, of the lower sediment environment simulation chamber (212) 1 Denotes the saturation of methane hydrate, bpp Methane hydrate V Lower cavity SH 1 Representing the amount of methane in the methane hydrate in the deposit; n represents the number of methane hydrate particles formed per unit volume of seawater, v represents the average volume, b ρ Methane hydrate nv represents the amount of methane in the methane hydrate in seawater; v Deposit material Denotes the volume of the deposit, X 2 Represents the methane concentration in the deposit, V Deposit material X 2 Represents the dissolved methane quantity in the sediment pore water; v Seawater, its production and use Denotes the volume of seawater, X 3 Representing the concentration of methane in seawater, V Seawater, its production and use X 3 Representing the dissolved amount of methane in seawater; lambda Methane oxidation Denotes the methane oxidation rate, lambda Methane oxidation t represents the amount of methane oxidation; v 1 X represents the amount of liquid in the gas-liquid collection tank (29) 4 Denotes the solubility of methane, V 1 X 4 Representing the amount of methane removed at the outlet;
wherein, SH 1 Estimating through the change of the resistivity value, and measuring the number n and the average volume v of methane hydrate particles in unit volume of seawater through particle imaging; methane oxidation rate lambda Methane oxidation The method is characterized by real-time change values of the concentration of the soluble inorganic carbon in the solution sampled in real time, so that a methane source sink conservation model in the deep-sea methane leakage process is obtained and is used for accurately characterizing the methane circulation process in the deep-sea methane leakage process.
9. A methane cycle characterization method according to claim 8, characterized in that, in case of artificially filled sandy sediment, SH is directly subjected to the Archie's equation 1 And estimating, wherein the specific calculation process is as follows:
wherein phi is porosity, a is Archie coefficient, m is cementation index, b is saturation index, R is w Is the resistivity of the formation water, R t Is the bottom layer resistivity;
in the case of natural sea mud deposits, the corrected Archie's formula is applied to SH 1 And (3) estimating, wherein the specific calculation process is represented as:
wherein φ is the porosity, a is the Archie coefficient, R w Is the resistivity of the formation water, R t Is the bottom layer resistivity; k is the component of clay mineral in the sedimentary deposit, and g, f and c are constants.
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