CN114575980A - Tightly-coupled diesel engine exhaust aftertreatment system and method - Google Patents
Tightly-coupled diesel engine exhaust aftertreatment system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114575980A CN114575980A CN202210210409.0A CN202210210409A CN114575980A CN 114575980 A CN114575980 A CN 114575980A CN 202210210409 A CN202210210409 A CN 202210210409A CN 114575980 A CN114575980 A CN 114575980A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011221 initial treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
- F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/008—Mounting or arrangement of exhaust sensors in or on exhaust apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
- F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/2073—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR] with means for generating a reducing substance from the exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/05—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a particulate sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/14—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics having more than one sensor of one kind
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Toxicology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tightly-coupled diesel engine exhaust aftertreatment system, belongs to the field of diesel engine aftertreatment devices, and solves the problems that the treatment effect is influenced and the installation is inconvenient due to the fact that the temperature of an exhaust inlet is low when the existing aftertreatment system is under low load. It includes one-level aftertreatment unit, second grade aftertreatment unit and tertiary aftertreatment unit, one-level aftertreatment unit coupling install the exhaust outlet at the diesel engine, one-level aftertreatment unit in encapsulate preceding stage diesel oil oxidation catalyst converter and preceding stage selectivity catalytic converter along the exhaust direction in proper order, second grade aftertreatment unit in encapsulate back stage selectivity catalytic converter and ammonia trapper along the exhaust direction in proper order. The diesel engine exhaust aftertreatment system adopts a three-level system framework, and realizes reasonable installation and efficient matching of the aftertreatment system on the whole vehicle. The invention also discloses a tightly coupled diesel engine exhaust aftertreatment method, which effectively improves the exhaust aftertreatment effect.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to diesel engine aftertreatment devices, and more particularly, to a close-coupled diesel engine exhaust aftertreatment system and method.
Background
For a diesel engine for a light-duty vehicle with six emissions in the conventional country, the post-treatment generally adopts the following technical routes: 1. adopting high-low pressure EGR, and adopting DOC + SCRF + SCR + ASC for an aftertreatment system; 2. high-pressure EGR is adopted, and DOC + SCR + ASC + DPF is adopted as an aftertreatment system. As shown in fig. 1, when the aftertreatment system unit is installed in the entire vehicle layout, the aftertreatment system unit is generally installed on the entire vehicle chassis in an integral package, i.e., in a primary package, and the turbocharger is connected to the aftertreatment through a connection pipe after being swirled, or the diesel oxidation catalyst is installed on the engine in a coupling manner, and the other catalysts are generally installed on the entire vehicle chassis in an encapsulated manner, and the entire vehicle layout with the two aftertreatment packages usually requires a sufficient frame space.
The aftertreatment system with the structure is far away from the engine, the temperature of an exhaust inlet is low during medium and low loads, and the lowest working temperature requirement of a preceding-stage exhaust treatment product can be ensured only by carrying out more effective wrapping and heat preservation on a connecting exhaust pipe. In addition, for light vehicles such as pickup trucks, the single-stage postprocessor has a large and long volume and is difficult to arrange on the chassis, and the main influence is that the ground clearance cannot meet the requirement or the single-stage postprocessor interferes with a chassis operating mechanism and other factors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art, and one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a tightly coupled diesel engine exhaust aftertreatment system which adopts a three-stage system framework to realize reasonable installation and efficient matching of the aftertreatment system on the whole vehicle.
The invention also aims to provide a tightly coupled diesel engine exhaust aftertreatment method, which effectively improves the exhaust aftertreatment effect.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a diesel engine exhaust aftertreatment system of tight coupling, includes one-level aftertreatment unit, second grade aftertreatment unit and tertiary aftertreatment unit, one-level aftertreatment unit coupling install the exhaust outlet at the diesel engine, just one-level aftertreatment unit, second grade aftertreatment unit and tertiary aftertreatment unit connect gradually, one-level aftertreatment unit in encapsulate preceding stage diesel oxidation catalyst converter and preceding stage selectivity catalytic converter in proper order along the exhaust direction, second grade aftertreatment unit in encapsulate back stage selectivity catalytic converter and ammonia trapper in proper order along the exhaust direction, tertiary aftertreatment unit in encapsulate back stage diesel oxidation catalyst converter and diesel particle trapper in proper order along the exhaust direction.
As a further improvement, the diameters of the outer walls of the secondary post-treatment unit and the tertiary post-treatment unit are smaller than the diameter of the outer wall of the primary post-treatment unit.
Further, one end of the exhaust outlet close to the diesel engine on the one-level post-treatment unit is provided with a front NOx sensor, the one-level post-treatment units on two sides of the preceding-stage diesel oxidation catalyst are respectively provided with a first temperature sensor, a mixer is arranged in the one-level post-treatment unit between the preceding-stage diesel oxidation catalyst and the preceding-stage selective catalytic converter, and the outer wall of the one-level post-treatment unit corresponding to the position of the mixer is provided with a urea injection assembly.
Furthermore, a rear NOx sensor is arranged on the secondary post-processing unit at the rear side of the ammonia gas catcher.
Furthermore, an HC injection device is arranged on a three-stage post-treatment unit on the front side of the rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst, second temperature sensors are arranged on the three-stage post-treatment units on two sides of the rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst, a pressure difference sensor is arranged on the three-stage post-treatment unit corresponding to the diesel particle catcher, and a PM sensor is arranged on the three-stage post-treatment unit on the rear side of the diesel particle catcher.
Furthermore, an air inlet pipe is arranged on the side surface of the first-stage aftertreatment unit on the front side of the front-stage diesel oxidation catalyst, and the air inlet pipe is connected with an exhaust outlet of the diesel engine.
Further, a pressure stabilizing cavity is arranged in the first-stage aftertreatment unit at the front side of the front-stage diesel oxidation catalyst, and the pressure stabilizing cavity is communicated with the air inlet pipe.
Furthermore, the inner wall of the air inlet pipe is tangent to the side surface of the inner wall of the pressure stabilizing cavity, and an included angle between the axis line of the air inlet pipe and the top surface of the primary post-processing unit is an acute angle.
Furthermore, the axis line of the air inlet pipe is intersected with the center of the top surface of the inner wall of the pressure stabilizing cavity, and the top surface of the inner wall of the pressure stabilizing cavity is a concave conical surface.
The second technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method of exhaust aftertreatment of a close-coupled diesel engine, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: the exhaust gas of the diesel engine flows through a front-stage diesel oxidation catalyst of the primary after-treatment unit in a turbulent flow mode, and HC, CO and NO in the exhaust gas are subjected to front-stage purification by the front-stage diesel oxidation catalyst;
step 2: mixing the gas purified in the step 1 with NH3Mixing, wherein the mixed gas flow passes through a front-stage selective catalytic reducer of the primary post-treatment unit, and the front-stage selective catalytic reducer is used for carrying out front-stage purification on NOx in the mixed gas;
and step 3: the gas purified in the step 2 flows through a rear-stage selective catalytic reducer of a secondary post-treatment unit, and the rear-stage selective catalytic reducer continuously performs rear-stage purification on NOx in the gas;
and 4, step 4: the gas purified in the step 3 flows through an ammonia gas catcher of the secondary post-processing unit, and the ammonia gas catcher is used for collecting redundant NH in the gas3Purifying;
and 5: 4, enabling the purified gas to flow through a rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst of the three-stage post-treatment unit, and performing rear-stage purification on HC, CO and NO in the gas by the rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst;
step 6: 5, enabling the purified gas to flow through a diesel particle catcher of the three-stage aftertreatment unit, and purifying particles in the gas by the diesel particle catcher;
wherein, the step 6 also comprises the following specific steps:
step S6.1: carbon particles in particles intercepted by diesel particulate filter and NO in gas2Oxidation reaction is carried out above 250 ℃, thereby oxidizing the soot into CO2Realizing the passive regeneration of the diesel particulate filter;
step S6.2: when the carbon loading of the diesel particulate filter reaches a regeneration limit value, the resistance of the diesel particulate filter is increased to a set value, the HC injection device injects diesel into gas on the front side of the rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst, the gas flows through the rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst to be combusted, the temperature of the diesel particulate filter is increased, and active regeneration is carried out.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the post-processing system is divided into three stages of post-processing units, the first stage of post-processing unit is tightly coupled and installed with the light diesel engine, namely, an exhaust inlet of the first stage of post-processing unit is directly coupled with an exhaust outlet of a turbocharger, the first stage of post-processing unit encapsulates a preceding stage diesel oxidation catalyst and a preceding stage selective catalytic converter, the temperature drop of the preceding stage of post-processing unit is ensured to be minimum, the ignition temperature of the diesel engine at low-medium load rotating speed is ensured, and the post-processing system can be quickly and efficiently ignited to enter an efficient interval to work; the second-stage post-treatment unit encapsulates the rear-stage selective catalytic converter and the ammonia gas catcher, and the third-stage post-treatment unit encapsulates the rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst and the diesel particle catcher, so that the high-temperature exhaust flow of the diesel engine is treated and then discharged.
2. The post-processing system adopts a three-level system framework, so that the packaging volume of the two-level post-processing unit and the three-level post-processing unit is relatively small, the post-processing system can be flexibly arranged and installed on the chassis of the whole vehicle, various operating mechanisms on the chassis are avoided, the ground clearance of the whole vehicle is ensured, and the reasonable installation and the efficient matching of the post-processing system on the whole vehicle are realized.
3. According to the post-processing system, the pressure stabilizing cavity is arranged in the primary post-processing unit, the angle of the air inlet pipe is further limited, the air outlet of the air inlet pipe is tangent to the air inlet of the pressure stabilizing cavity in the horizontal direction, and the high-temperature air flow is injected to the top surface of the inner wall of the pressure stabilizing cavity in the vertical direction with an included angle, so that high-temperature exhaust of the diesel engine forms turbulent flow in the pressure stabilizing cavity and uniformly passes through the post-processing carrier, the impact of the high-temperature exhaust flow on the post-processing carrier in a direct and concentrated manner is avoided, the impact of the exhaust flow on the post-processing carrier along with the pressure wave change of the working condition of the diesel engine is reduced, and the service life of the primary post-processing unit is effectively prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the internal package in each stage of the unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of a cross-sectional structure of a first-stage post-processing unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of the airflow flow within the primary aftertreatment unit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of the gas flow within the primary aftertreatment unit of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-first-stage aftertreatment unit, 2-second-stage aftertreatment unit, 3-third-stage aftertreatment unit, 4-diesel engine, 5-front-stage diesel oxidation catalyst, 6-front-stage selective catalytic converter, 7-rear-stage selective catalytic converter, 8-ammonia gas catcher, 9-rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst, 10-diesel particle catcher, 11-front NOx sensor, 12-first temperature sensor, 13-urea injection component, 14-rear NOx sensor, 15-HC injection device, 16-second temperature sensor, 17-differential pressure sensor, 18-PM sensor, 19-air inlet pipe, 20-pressure stabilizing cavity, 21-mixer, 22-bracket, 23-hoop and 24-exhaust outlet pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments shown in the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the invention relates to a tightly coupled diesel engine exhaust aftertreatment system, comprising a primary aftertreatment unit 1, a secondary aftertreatment unit 2 and a tertiary aftertreatment unit 3, wherein the primary aftertreatment unit 1 is coupled and installed at an exhaust outlet of a diesel engine 4, namely, an exhaust inlet of the primary aftertreatment unit 1 is directly coupled with an exhaust outlet of a turbocharger of the diesel engine 4, the primary aftertreatment unit 1, the secondary aftertreatment unit 2 and the tertiary aftertreatment unit 3 are sequentially connected, concretely, the three are communicated through an air pipe, the air pipe is connected with the three aftertreatment units through flanges, the disassembly and assembly are convenient, the diesel engine exhaust sequentially flows through the primary aftertreatment unit 1, the secondary aftertreatment unit 2 and the tertiary aftertreatment unit 3, a front stage diesel oxidation catalyst 5 and a front stage selective catalytic converter 6 are sequentially packaged in the primary aftertreatment unit 1 along an exhaust direction, the device is used for purifying the front stage of diesel engine exhaust, a rear stage selective catalytic converter 7 and an ammonia gas catcher 8 are sequentially packaged in the second stage aftertreatment unit 2 along the exhaust direction, wherein the rear stage selective catalytic converter 7 is used for purifying the rear stage of gas, the ammonia gas catcher 8 is used for purifying redundant ammonia gas in the gas, a rear stage diesel oxidation catalyst 9 and a diesel particle catcher 10 are sequentially packaged in the third stage aftertreatment unit 3 along the exhaust direction, the rear stage diesel oxidation catalyst 9 is used for purifying the rear stage of gas, and the diesel particle catcher 10 is used for catching and intercepting particles in the gas.
The post-treatment system is divided into three stages of post-treatment units, wherein the first stage of post-treatment unit 1 is tightly coupled with the light diesel engine, and the first stage of post-treatment unit 1 encapsulates a preceding stage diesel oxidation catalyst 5 and a preceding stage selective catalytic converter 6, so that the temperature drop of the preceding stage post-treatment unit is ensured to be minimum, the ignition temperature of the diesel engine at a low-load rotating speed is ensured, and the post-treatment system can be quickly and efficiently ignited to enter an efficient interval to work; the secondary post-treatment unit 2 encapsulates a post-selective catalytic converter 7 and an ammonia gas catcher 8, and the tertiary post-treatment unit 3 encapsulates a post-diesel oxidation catalyst 9 and a diesel particle catcher 10, so that high-temperature exhaust flow of the diesel engine is treated and then discharged, and the exhaust post-treatment effect is effectively improved.
Preferably, the diameters of the outer walls of the second-stage post-processing unit 2 and the third-stage post-processing unit 3 are smaller than the diameter of the outer wall of the first-stage post-processing unit 1, so that the second-stage post-processing unit 2 and the third-stage post-processing unit 3 can be conveniently mounted on a chassis of the whole vehicle on the premise of ensuring the exhaust post-processing effect. Further, the primary post-processing unit 1 is vertically arranged, the secondary post-processing unit 2 and the tertiary post-processing unit 3 are transversely arranged, and the structural layout of the post-processing system is reasonably optimized.
The post-processing system adopts a three-level system framework, so that the packaging volume of the two-level post-processing unit and the three-level post-processing unit is relatively small, the post-processing system can be flexibly arranged and installed on the chassis of the whole vehicle, various operating mechanisms on the chassis are avoided, the ground clearance of the whole vehicle is ensured, and the reasonable installation and the efficient matching of the post-processing system on the whole vehicle are realized.
Preferably, a front NOx sensor 11 is disposed at one end of the primary aftertreatment unit 1 near the exhaust outlet of the diesel engine 4, and is used for monitoring NOx in the original exhaust of the diesel engine and feeding the NOx back to the ECU, first temperature sensors 12 are disposed at both sides of the primary aftertreatment unit 1 of the primary diesel oxidation catalyst 5, and are used for temperature difference of the primary diesel oxidation catalyst 5, a mixer 21 is disposed in the primary aftertreatment unit 1 between the primary diesel oxidation catalyst 5 and the primary selective catalytic converter 6, a urea injection assembly 13 is disposed on the outer wall of the primary aftertreatment unit 1 corresponding to the mixer 21, and the urea injection assembly 13 generally includes a nozzle and is capable of injecting a urea solution into the mixer 21.
Preferably, a rear NOx sensor 14 is provided on the secondary aftertreatment unit 2 at the rear side of the ammonia trap 8, the rear NOx sensor 14 providing a signal not only for the selective catalytic reducer to be closed loop, but also for the on-board diagnostic system.
Preferably, an HC injection device 15 is disposed on the three-stage aftertreatment unit 3 in front of the rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst 9, the HC injection device 15 generally includes a nozzle, and can inject diesel into the three-stage aftertreatment unit 3, second temperature sensors 16 are disposed on the three-stage aftertreatment units 3 on two sides of the rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst 9, and are used for temperature difference of the rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst 9, and a pressure difference sensor 17 is disposed on the three-stage aftertreatment unit 3 corresponding to the diesel particulate trap 10, and is used for measuring airflow resistance of the diesel particulate trap 10, so as to monitor resistance of the diesel particulate trap 10, and a PM sensor 18 is disposed on the three-stage aftertreatment unit 3 on the rear side of the diesel particulate trap 10, and is used for diagnosing filtering efficiency of the diesel particulate trap 10. The various sensors of the present embodiment, as well as the HC injection device 15, the urea injection unit 13, the various catalysts, and the like are electrically connected to the ECU.
Preferably, an intake pipe 19 is provided on the side of the primary aftertreatment unit 1 in front of the front-stage diesel oxidation catalyst 5, and the intake pipe 19 is connected to an exhaust outlet of the diesel engine 4, specifically, the intake pipe 19 is connected to an exhaust outlet of a turbocharger. Further, a pressure stabilizing cavity 20 is arranged in the first-stage aftertreatment unit 1 at the front side of the front-stage diesel oxidation catalyst 5, and the pressure stabilizing cavity 20 is communicated with the air inlet pipe 19. The inner wall of the air inlet pipe 19 is tangent to the side surface of the inner wall of the pressure stabilizing cavity 20, and the included angle between the axis line of the air inlet pipe 19 and the top surface of the primary aftertreatment unit 1 is an acute angle, that is, as shown in fig. 5, a is an acute angle.
According to the post-processing system, the pressure stabilizing cavity 20 is arranged in the primary post-processing unit 1, the angle of the air inlet pipe 19 is further limited, the air outlet of the air inlet pipe 19 is tangent to the air inlet of the pressure stabilizing cavity 20 in the horizontal direction, high-temperature air flow is sprayed on the top surface of the inner wall of the pressure stabilizing cavity 20 at an included angle in the vertical direction, so that high-temperature exhaust of a diesel engine forms turbulence in the pressure stabilizing cavity, the high-temperature exhaust flows uniformly pass through a post-processing carrier, the impact of the high-temperature exhaust flows on the post-processing carrier in a direct and centralized mode is avoided, the impact of the exhaust flows on the post-processing carrier along with the pressure wave change of the working condition of the diesel engine is reduced, and the service life of the primary post-processing unit 1 is effectively prolonged.
Preferably, the axis of the air inlet pipe 19 intersects the center of the top surface of the inner wall of the pressure stabilizing cavity 20, and the top surface of the inner wall of the pressure stabilizing cavity 20 is a concave conical surface, so that high-temperature exhaust can form turbulent flow in the pressure stabilizing cavity 20 more easily, and the impact of airflow on a post-processing carrier is further reduced.
Preferably, a bracket 22 is provided at one side of the bottom of the primary post-treatment unit 1, and a hoop 23 is provided at the upper portion of the primary post-treatment unit 1. This one-level aftertreatment unit 1 passes through bracket 22 and staple bolt 23 and installs on the diesel engine, improves one-level aftertreatment unit 1's stability. Furthermore, an exhaust outlet pipe 24 communicated with the primary aftertreatment unit 1 is arranged at the bottom of the primary aftertreatment unit 1, the exhaust flow after primary treatment flows to the next aftertreatment unit through the exhaust outlet pipe 24, the diameter of the exhaust outlet pipe 24 is smaller than that of the primary aftertreatment unit 1, the time of the exhaust flow in the primary aftertreatment unit 1 is delayed, and the treatment effect is improved.
A method of exhaust aftertreatment of a close-coupled diesel engine, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: the exhaust gas of the diesel engine flows through a front-stage diesel oxidation catalyst 5 of the primary post-treatment unit 1 in a turbulent manner, and HC, CO and NO in the exhaust gas are subjected to front-stage purification by the front-stage diesel oxidation catalyst 5;
in the concrete process, turbulent exhaust gas is obtained in the primary aftertreatment unit 1 through the angle limitation of the air inlet pipe 19 and the structural design of the pressure stabilizing cavity 20, wherein HC and CO in the exhaust gas are oxidized into CO under the catalytic action of an oxidation catalyst2And H2O, NO in exhaust gas is oxidized into NO under the catalytic action of oxidation catalyst2Chemical reaction formula ofThe method comprises the following steps: CO + O2→CO2、HC+O2→CO2+H2O、NO+O2→NO2；
Step 2: mixing the gas purified in the step 1 with NH3Mixing, wherein the mixed gas flows through a front-stage selective catalytic reduction device 6 of the primary post-treatment unit 1, and the front-stage selective catalytic reduction device 6 is used for carrying out front-stage purification on NOx in the mixed gas;
the specific process is that the ECU calculates the required urea injection quantity according to the temperature condition of the preceding selective catalytic reduction device 6, the working condition of the diesel engine and other information, the metering injection pump injects the automobile urea solution into the mixer 21 through the nozzle according to the instruction of the ECU, and the urea solution is decomposed into NH at high temperature3Enters the front stage selective catalytic reduction device 6, and NOx reacts to generate N in the front stage selective catalytic reduction device 62And H2And 0, realizing the purification of NOx, wherein the chemical reaction formula comprises: (NH)2)2CO+H2O→NH3+CO2、NH3+NO+O2→N2+H2O、NH3+NO+NO2→N2+H2O、NH3+NO2→N2+H2O；
And 3, step 3: the gas purified in the step 2 flows through a rear selective catalytic reducer 7 of the secondary post-treatment unit 2, and the rear selective catalytic reducer 7 continuously performs rear purification on NOx in the gas, wherein the specific process is the same as that in the step 2;
and 4, step 4: the gas purified in the step 3 flows through an ammonia gas catcher 8 of the secondary post-processing unit 2, and the ammonia gas catcher 8 catches redundant NH in the gas3Purifying, using ammonia gas catcher 8 to remove excess NH3By oxidation to N2And H20, having a reaction formula comprising: NH (NH)3+O2→N2+H2O；
And 5: the gas purified in the step 4 flows through a rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst 9 of the three-stage post-treatment unit 3, and HC, CO and NO in the gas are subjected to rear-stage purification by the rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst 9, and the specific process is the same as that in the step 1;
step 6: the gas purified in the step 5 flows through a diesel particle catcher 10 of the three-stage aftertreatment unit 3, and the diesel particle catcher 10 purifies particles in the gas;
wherein, the step 6 also comprises the following specific steps:
step S6.1: carbon particles in the particles intercepted by the diesel particulate trap 10 and NO in the gas2Oxidation reaction is carried out above 250 ℃, thereby oxidizing the soot into CO2Passive regeneration of the diesel particulate trap 10 is achieved;
step S6.2: when the carbon loading of the diesel particulate filter 10 reaches the regeneration limit value, the resistance of the diesel particulate filter 10 is increased to a set value, the HC injection device 15 injects diesel into the gas at the front side of the rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst 9, the gas flows through the rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst 9 to be combusted, the temperature of the diesel particulate filter 10 is increased, and active regeneration is performed, wherein the chemical reaction formula comprises: NO2+C(s)→CO+NO、NO+O2→NO2、CO+O2→CO2、HC+O2→CO2+H2O。
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the structure of the invention, which will not affect the effect of the invention and the practicability of the patent.
Claims (10)
1. A tightly coupled diesel engine exhaust aftertreatment system is characterized by comprising a primary aftertreatment unit (1), a secondary aftertreatment unit (2) and a tertiary aftertreatment unit (3), the primary post-processing unit (1) is coupled and arranged at the exhaust outlet of the diesel engine (4), and the primary post-processing unit (1), the secondary post-processing unit (2) and the tertiary post-processing unit (3) are connected in sequence, a front-stage diesel oxidation catalyst (5) and a front-stage selective catalytic converter (6) are sequentially packaged in the first-stage aftertreatment unit (1) along the exhaust direction, a post-stage selective catalytic converter (7) and an ammonia gas catcher (8) are sequentially packaged in the secondary post-treatment unit (2) along the exhaust direction, and a post-stage diesel oxidation catalyst (9) and a diesel particle catcher (10) are sequentially packaged in the three-stage aftertreatment unit (3) along the exhaust direction.
2. The exhaust aftertreatment system of a close-coupled diesel engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameters of the outer walls of the secondary aftertreatment unit (2) and the tertiary aftertreatment unit (3) are smaller than the diameter of the outer wall of the primary aftertreatment unit (1).
3. The exhaust aftertreatment system of the tightly coupled diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein a front NOx sensor (11) is disposed at one end of the primary aftertreatment unit (1) close to the exhaust outlet of the diesel engine (4), a first temperature sensor (12) is disposed on each of the primary aftertreatment units (1) at two sides of the front-stage diesel oxidation catalyst (5), a mixer (21) is disposed in the primary aftertreatment unit (1) between the front-stage diesel oxidation catalyst (5) and the front-stage selective catalytic converter (6), and a urea injection assembly (13) is disposed on the outer wall of the primary aftertreatment unit (1) corresponding to the position of the mixer (21).
4. A close-coupled diesel exhaust aftertreatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that a rear NOx sensor (14) is provided on the secondary aftertreatment unit (2) behind the ammonia trap (8).
5. The exhaust aftertreatment system of the close-coupled diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein an HC injection device (15) is disposed on the three-stage aftertreatment unit (3) in front of the rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst (9), second temperature sensors (16) are disposed on the three-stage aftertreatment units (3) on two sides of the rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst (9), a differential pressure sensor (17) is disposed on the three-stage aftertreatment unit (3) corresponding to the diesel particulate filter (10), and a PM sensor (18) is disposed on the three-stage aftertreatment unit (3) behind the diesel particulate filter (10).
6. A close-coupled diesel exhaust aftertreatment system according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that an inlet pipe (19) is arranged at the side of the primary aftertreatment unit (1) in front of the preceding stage diesel oxidation catalyst (5), said inlet pipe (19) being connected to the exhaust outlet of the diesel engine (4).
7. The exhaust aftertreatment system of the tightly coupled diesel engine according to claim 6, characterized in that a pressure stabilizing cavity (20) is arranged in the primary aftertreatment unit (1) at the front side of the front stage diesel oxidation catalyst (5), and the pressure stabilizing cavity (20) is communicated with the air inlet pipe (19).
8. The exhaust aftertreatment system of the tightly coupled diesel engine according to claim 7, wherein the inner wall of the air inlet pipe (19) is tangent to the side surface of the inner wall of the pressure stabilizing cavity (20), and the included angle between the axis of the air inlet pipe (19) and the top surface of the primary aftertreatment unit (1) is an acute angle.
9. The exhaust aftertreatment system of the tightly coupled diesel engine according to claim 8, characterized in that the axis line of the air inlet pipe (19) intersects with the center of the top surface of the inner wall of the pressure stabilizing cavity (20), and the top surface of the inner wall of the pressure stabilizing cavity (20) is a concave conical surface.
10. A method of exhaust aftertreatment of a close-coupled diesel engine, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: the exhaust gas of the diesel engine flows through a front-stage diesel oxidation catalyst (5) of the primary post-treatment unit (1) in a turbulent mode, and HC, CO and NO in the exhaust gas are subjected to front-stage purification by the front-stage diesel oxidation catalyst (5);
and 2, step: mixing the gas purified in the step 1 with NH3Mixing, wherein the mixed gas flow passes through a front-stage selective catalytic reduction device (6) of the primary post-treatment unit (1), and the front-stage selective catalytic reduction device (6) is used for carrying out front-stage purification on NOx in the mixed gas;
and step 3: the gas purified in the step 2 flows through a rear-stage selective catalytic reduction device (7) of the secondary post-treatment unit (2), and the rear-stage selective catalytic reduction device (7) continuously performs rear-stage purification on NOx in the gas;
and 4, step 4: the gas purified in the step 3 flows through an ammonia gas catcher (8) of the secondary post-processing unit (2), and the ammonia gas catcher (8) is used for catching redundant NH in the gas3Purifying;
and 5: the gas purified in the step 4 flows through a rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst (9) of the three-stage post-treatment unit (3), and HC, CO and NO in the gas are subjected to rear-stage purification by the rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst (9);
step 6: 5, enabling the purified gas to flow through a diesel particle catcher (10) of the three-stage aftertreatment unit (3), and purifying particles in the gas by the diesel particle catcher (10);
wherein, the step 6 also comprises the following specific steps:
step S6.1: carbon particles in particles intercepted by the diesel particulate trap (10) and NO in gas2Oxidation reaction is carried out above 250 ℃, thereby oxidizing the soot into CO2Passive regeneration of the diesel particulate trap (10) is achieved;
step S6.2: when the carbon capacity of the diesel particle catcher (10) reaches a regeneration limit value, the resistance of the diesel particle catcher (10) is increased to a set value, the HC injection device (15) injects diesel into gas on the front side of the rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst (9), the gas flows through the rear-stage diesel oxidation catalyst (9) to be combusted, the temperature of the diesel particle catcher (10) is increased, and active regeneration is carried out.
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