CN114575870A - Superheated liquid abrasive jet flow self-deflection generation and control method based on flash plume interaction - Google Patents
Superheated liquid abrasive jet flow self-deflection generation and control method based on flash plume interaction Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010063385 Intellectualisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1066—Making by using boring or cutting machines with fluid jets
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1073—Making by using boring or cutting machines applying thermal energy, e.g. by projecting flames or hot gases, by laser beams
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a superheated liquid abrasive jet flow self-deflection generation and control method based on interaction of flash boiling plumes. The invention realizes gas-liquid-solid-thermal coupling rock breaking by gas-liquid-solid-thermal coupling through flash boiling injection accompanied by violent heat and mass transfer and phase change to form gas-liquid multistage pulsating jet, greatly improves rock breaking efficiency, can realize intelligent conversion of jet direction in the construction process without any moving part or valve body, and has high rock breaking efficiency, cleanness and no pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of abrasive jet, in particular to a superheated liquid abrasive jet self-deflection generation and control method based on interaction of flash plumes.
Background
With the development of society, the popularization rate of tunnels is higher and higher, which brings great convenience to our lives, and under the large background of double-carbon targets in China, the efficient exploitation and utilization of coal bed gas are particularly important. Whether tunneling or high-efficiency exploitation and utilization of coal bed gas, rock spalling is an important part of the whole process, and in the prior art, a high-pressure jet mode is generally adopted for spalling of a rock stratum. At present, the main used jet methods include pure water jet, abrasive water jet, liquid nitrogen abrasive jet and the like. However, the pure water jet has a medium of only water, so that the speed and the capacity of breaking rocks are weak; compared with pure water jet, the abrasive water jet improves the rock breaking capacity and speed due to the addition of the abrasive, but in the working process, water flow splashes to influence the visibility of the working environment and waste a part of energy; although the liquid nitrogen abrasive jet flow is improved compared with the jet flow method, in the construction process, when the tunneling direction of equipment needs to be changed, the liquid nitrogen abrasive jet flow needs to be controlled through a valve, and the valve can be damaged due to frequent direction conversion, so that the working efficiency is greatly reduced, and the intellectualization of operation cannot be realized.
Patent document CN107283326A proposes a method for jetting abrasive with liquid nitrogen and ice particles and a generator thereof, in which atomized water droplets are contacted with liquid nitrogen fluid to form ice particles, and the liquid nitrogen fluid and the ice particles are mixed in the generator to form a jet of liquid nitrogen and ice particles. Patent document CN113153336A proposes a high-pressure abrasive water jet tunneling method, which utilizes abrasive water jet jetted from a radial nozzle in a high-pressure water jet device to radially cut the bottom of a slot groove so as to strip rocks, and the method improves rock mass tunneling efficiency and precision.
However, the above techniques can only realize rock mass spalling and drilling in one direction, if the deflection direction of the jet stream needs to be changed, the rock mass spalling operation can not be met by the above techniques because the valve body is easy to wear and damage and the jet flow direction deflection can not be realized intelligently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a jet flow self-deflection generation and control method based on interaction of flash plumes, wherein the jet flow self-deflection is realized by controlling the temperature of a working medium, the temperature of the working medium is regulated by a temperature control system and can be realized in a continuous working process, so that the intelligent conversion of the jet flow direction in the construction process can be realized without any moving part or valve body.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a superheated liquid abrasive jet flow self-deflection generation and control method based on interaction of flash boiling plumes is characterized in that a mixture of superheated liquid and abrasive is used as jet flow superheated liquid, flash boiling is performed by utilizing under-expansion characteristics of the superheated liquid, interaction among plumes is generated, and saturation pressure of mixed jet flow is controlled to be matched with ambient pressure by adjusting temperature, pressure and speed parameters of the jet flow, so that self-deflection of the jet flow is achieved.
Further, the invention specifically comprises the following control steps:
1. obtaining environmental parameters: monitoring the environmental pressure of the region where the target rock mass is located in real time and recording the environmental pressure as the environmental pressureP 2 。
2. Preparation of the superheated liquid and control of its temperature: pressurizing the superheated liquid required by the work to the pressure required by the workP 0 Fully mixing the superheated liquid and the grinding material in the material mixing cavity; the saturation pressure of the superheated liquid is recordedP 1 Based on the monitoredP 2 Value, introducing dimensionless parametersP 2 / P 1 To determineP 1 Range of (1)P 1 ＞P 2 Obtaining the corresponding temperature under the saturation pressure according to the temperature-pressure curve of the superheated liquidRangeT ＞T 0 The temperature of the superheated liquid is controlled by a temperature control systemTIs adjusted toT＞T 0 WhereinT 0 Is composed ofP 2 The corresponding temperature value. Here, the superheated liquid is discharged from the nozzle and then discharged as the ambient pressure is lower than the saturation pressure of the working medium, that is, as the ambient pressure is lower than the saturation pressure of the working mediumP 2 / P 1<1, so called superheated liquid, the preparation of the superheated liquid is accomplished by adjusting the temperature of the working medium by means of a temperature control system before entering the nozzles, wherein the saturation pressure differs for different liquids.
3. Flashing injection stage: the jet is activated and the mixed material is ejected from the porous nozzle. In this case, sinceP 2 ＜P 1 The violent plume interaction can combine the plumes into one beam to form gas-liquid multi-stage pulsating jet flow, a low-pressure area is formed in the center, the entrainment abrasive is intensively accelerated, and the target rock mass is effectively damaged and eroded to form a hole. Wherein the extent of interaction of the plumes is controlled by adjusting a dimensionless parameterP 2 / P 1Control, the degree of interaction increases as the ratio decreases.
4. Self-deflection regulation and control stage: along with the proceeding of jet flow work, the phase change gas in the erosion hole is increased, and the environmental pressureP 2 Gradually rise, the plume interaction weakens whenP 2 = P 1 When the plume interaction disappears, each flow beam gradually returns to the original direction, the jet flow is converted into multi-direction jet flow from original multi-hole combined vertical jet flow, the flow beams of all the nozzles are intersected to realize rock mass stripping, and at the moment, the plume interaction disappears, and all the flow beams gradually return to the original direction, so that the jet flow is converted into the multi-direction jet flowP 2 ≥P 1 。
5. The continuous operation process comprises the following steps: real-time monitoring of environmental pressureP 2 According to dimensionless parametersP 2 / P 1<1 determining the saturation pressure of the superheated liquidP 1RangeP 1 ＞ P 2Obtaining the temperature range corresponding to the saturation pressure by looking up the tableT ＞T 1 Superheating the liquid at high pressure to high temperatureTIs adjusted toT ＞T 1 Range of such thatP 1 Is once again greater thanP 2 WhereinT 1 At this timeP 2 And (3) combining the corresponding temperature values into one plume under the condition, repeating the step, and adjusting jet flow parameters according to actual working requirements to regulate and control the environmental pressure so as to realize continuous self-deflection work, thereby realizing intelligent control of the jet flow direction until all operations are completed.
According to the technical scheme, the method provided by the invention realizes self-deflection of the flow beam by matching with the ambient pressure by utilizing the under-expansion characteristic of the superheated liquid and the interaction between the plumes. The mixture of the superheated liquid and the abrasive is sprayed to the environment lower than the saturation pressure of the mixture from the porous nozzle, the plumes are combined into one beam by the interaction of violent plumes, a low-pressure area is formed in the center, the entrainment abrasive is intensively accelerated, the erosion capacity of the flash abrasive jet flow is improved, the target rock mass is effectively damaged and is eroded to form a hole; after the jet flow is sprayed out, the flash-boiling jet flow is accompanied with violent phase change, when phase change gas in the erosion hole is increased, the pressure is gradually increased, the plume interaction is weakened or even disappears, each flow beam gradually returns to the original direction, the jet flow is converted into multi-direction jet flow from original multi-hole combined vertical jet flow, and the intelligent control of the jet flow direction can be realized through the real-time monitoring of the environmental pressure and the regulation and control of jet flow parameters. And by matching with a plurality of porous nozzles, the tunnel face tunneling and the rock body stripping can be realized through the crossing of the flow beams.
The invention has the advantages and technical effects that:
the invention utilizes the principle of flash boiling of the superheated liquid, and the flash boiling injection is accompanied with violent heat and mass transfer, and the phase change forms gas-liquid multistage pulsating jet flow, thereby realizing gas-liquid-solid-thermal coupling rock breaking and greatly improving the rock breaking efficiency. Meanwhile, the invention innovatively provides a jet flow self-deflection method, overcomes the defect of using a valve for reversing in the traditional method, and can realize intelligent conversion of the jet flow direction in the construction process without any moving part or valve body. The invention can improve the rock breaking efficiency and achieve the purposes of cleanness and no pollution.
Drawings
FIG. 1A is a schematic view of an eight nozzle flash jet drill bit.
Fig. 1B is a right side view of fig. 1.
FIG. 2 different flash plume effect stage spray patterns.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the eight nozzle bumping jet bit bumping process.
Fig. 4A schematic diagram of intelligent control of the direction of an eight nozzle flash-jet drill-plume interaction.
Fig. 4B is a schematic diagram of intelligent direction control of an eight-nozzle flash-boiling jet drill-no plume interaction or weak interaction.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained by taking an eight-nozzle flash-boiling jet drill bit as an example and combining the attached drawings and the embodiment:
a superheated liquid abrasive jet self-deflection generation and control method based on flash plume interaction is characterized in that superheated liquid is pressurized to the pressure required by work and is fully mixed with abrasive in a mixing cavity. Taking an eight-nozzle drill bit as an example, the jet flow operation is started, the superheated liquid is sprayed out by the eight-nozzle drill bit shown in fig. 1A and 1B, and the azimuth angles of the spray holes of the eight-nozzle drill bit are different, so that the flashing condition is met.
As shown in fig. 2, after the superheated liquid is ejected from the porous nozzle, interaction exists between the under-expanded plumes, and the superheated liquid is phase-deformed into gas-liquid multi-stage pulsating jet flow, so that the ejection action area is changed, and the ejection form is also changed accordingly.
As shown in fig. 3, the plume interaction causes the self-deflection of the jet to occur, including a non-interaction phase, a moderate interaction phase, and a severe interaction phase. Because the interaction degrees of the plumes in each stage are different, the difference of deflection angles exists, and the deflection angle is inversely proportional to the interaction strength of the plumes, namely, the deflection angle is shown along with the increase of the interaction strengthα>β>γThe trend of change of (c).
As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the intense interaction between the plumes causes the streams to combine into one beam that is directed perpendicularly to the target rock mass with a dimensionless constant P 2 / P 1 Gradually increased, the interaction between the plumes gradually weakened and even disappeared, the original multi-hole combined vertical injection is changed into multi-direction injection, and the action area is increased.
The following examples take liquid nitrogen as the working medium, and illustrate the generation and control process of jet self-deflection in detail, the self-deflection process is regulated by temperature and pressure, so as to regulate the saturation pressure of the superheated liquidP 1 According to dimensionless parametersP 2 / P 1 The change realizes the plume deflection control, including the following steps:
1. monitoring the environmental pressure of the region of the target rock mass to be subjected to jet flow treatment in real time by using a pressure monitor, and recording the environmental pressureP 2 And can be automatically obtained by a pressure monitor in real time.
2. Starting a booster pump to boost the liquid nitrogen required by the work to the pressure required by the workP 0And fully mixing the liquid nitrogen and the grinding material in the material mixing cavity. Recording the saturation pressure of liquid nitrogen asP 1 Based on the monitoredP 2 Value, introducing dimensionless parametersP 2 / P 1 To determineP 1 Range of (1)P 1 ＞ P 2 The pressure of the liquid nitrogen can be obtained by looking up the tableP 0Pressure of time saturationP 1 ＞ P 2 Corresponding temperature rangeT ＞ T 0 The temperature of the superheated liquid is controlled by a temperature control systemTIs adjusted toT ＞ T 0 WhereinT 0 The saturation pressure of liquid nitrogen is equal toP 2 And finishing the preparation of the superheated liquid nitrogen according to the corresponding temperature value.
3. And starting jet flow work, so that the mixture of the liquid nitrogen and the abrasive is ejected from the nozzle of the eight-nozzle drill bit to form a mixed jet flow. In this case, sinceP 2 ＜ P 1 The violent plume interaction can make the plumes combined into a beam to form gas-liquid multi-stage pulsesDynamic jet flow, low pressure area formed in the center, concentrated acceleration of the absorbed abrasive, effective damage to the target rock mass and erosion to form hole, and the interaction degree of the plume can be adjusted by adjusting dimensionless parametersP 2 / P 1Control, the degree of interaction increases as the ratio decreases.
4. Along with the working, the gas phase generated by the phase change in the erosion hole is increased, and the environmental pressure is increasedP 2 Gradually rise, the plume interaction weakens whenP 2 = P 1 When the plume interaction disappears, all the flow streams gradually return to the initial direction, the jet flow is converted into multi-direction jet flow from multi-hole combined vertical jet flow, all the jet flow streams are intersected to realize rock mass stripping, and at the moment, the plume interaction disappears, and all the jet flow streams gradually return to the initial direction, so that the jet flow is converted into multi-direction jet flow from multi-hole combined vertical jet flow, and all the jet flow streams are intersected to realize rock mass strippingP 2 ≥ P 1 I.e. self-deflection occurs.
5. If the self-deflection work is required to be continuously carried out, the result obtained by monitoring can be utilizedP 2 Value according to dimensionless parametersP 2 / P 1<1 determining the saturation pressure of the superheated liquidP 1RangeP 1 ＞ P 2Obtaining the temperature range corresponding to the saturation pressure by looking up the tableT ＞ T 1 Superheating the liquid at high pressure to high temperatureTIs adjusted toT ＞ T 1 Range of such thatP 1 Is once again greater thanP 2 WhereinT 1 So that the liquid nitrogen saturation pressure is equal toP 2 The corresponding temperature value, under the condition, the plumes are interacted and generated again, and the plumes are combined into a beam. The continuous self-deflection operation can be realized by repeating the steps.
6. And after the operation is finished, the supply of the liquid nitrogen and the abrasive is closed, the eight-hole drill bit is taken out, the inside is cleaned and maintained after no pressure residue is detected, the drill bit is used for the next time, and the steps are repeated when the next operation is carried out.
Claims (6)
1. A superheated liquid abrasive jet flow self-deflection generation and control method based on interaction of flash boiling plumes is characterized in that a mixture of superheated liquid and abrasive is used as the superheated liquid of jet flow, flash boiling is generated by utilizing the under-expansion characteristic of the superheated liquid, interaction among the plumes is generated, and the saturation pressure of mixed jet flow is controlled to be matched with the ambient pressure by adjusting the temperature, the pressure and the speed parameters of the jet flow, so that the self-deflection of the jet flow is realized.
2. The jet self-deflection generating and controlling method according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) obtaining environmental parameters: monitoring the environmental pressure of the region of the target rock mass to be subjected to jet flow treatment in real time, and recording the environmental pressureP 2 ；
(2) Preparation of the superheated liquid and control of its temperature: pressurizing the superheated liquid required by the work to the pressure required by the workP 0 Fully mixing the superheated liquid and the grinding material in the material mixing cavity; the saturation pressure of the superheated liquid is recordedP 1 Based on the monitoredP 2 Value, introducing dimensionless parametersP 2 / P 1 To determineP 1 Range of (1)P 1 ＞P 2 Obtaining the corresponding temperature range under the saturation pressure according to the temperature-pressure curve of the superheated liquidT ＞T 0 The temperature of the superheated liquid is controlled by a temperature control systemTIs adjusted toT ＞T 0 WhereinT 0 Is composed ofP 2 The corresponding temperature value;
(3) flashing injection stage: starting jet flow to work, and ejecting a mixture of the superheated liquid and the abrasive from the porous nozzle to form mixed jet flow; in this case, sinceP 2 ＜ P 1 The violent plume interaction can enable the plumes to be combined into one beam to form gas-liquid multi-stage pulsating jet flow, a low-pressure area is formed in the center, the entrainment abrasive is intensively accelerated, the target rock mass is effectively damaged and eroded to form a hole, and the interaction degree of the plumes is adjusted by adjusting dimensionless parametersP 2 / P 1Controlling, the degree of interaction increasing with decreasing ratio;
(4) self-deflection regulation and control stage: along with the proceeding of jet flow work, the phase change gas in the erosion hole is increased, and the environmental pressureP 2 Gradually rise, the plume interaction weakens whenP 2 = P 1 When the plume interaction disappears, each flow beam gradually returns to the original direction, the jet flow is converted into multi-direction jet flow from original multi-hole combined vertical jet flow, the flow beams of all the nozzles are intersected to realize rock mass stripping, and at the moment, the plume interaction disappears, and all the flow beams gradually return to the original direction, so that the jet flow is converted into the multi-direction jet flowP 2 ≥P 1 Monitoring ambient pressure in real timeP 2 Based on actual operating requirements, by adjusting the temperature of the superheated liquid, the saturation vapor pressure thereof can be changedP 1 Thereby changingP 2 / P 1 Ratio, and further controlling the plume injection angle;
(5) the continuous operation process comprises the following steps: after the self-deflection cutting operation is finished, if further vertical drilling is needed, the environmental pressure is monitored in real timeP 2 According to dimensionless parametersP 2 / P 1<1 determining the saturation pressure of the superheated liquidP 1RangeP 1 ＞ P 2Obtaining the temperature range corresponding to the saturation pressure by looking up a tableT ＞T 1 Superheating the liquid at high pressure to high temperatureTIs adjusted toT ＞T 1 Range of such thatP 1 Is once again greater thanP 2 WhereinT 1 At this timeP 2 And (4) combining the plumes into one bundle under the corresponding temperature value and repeating the step to realize continuous self-deflection work until all the work is finished.
3. The flash plume interaction based superheated liquid abrasive jet self-deflection generation and control method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the superheated liquid is selected to have high saturation pressure at the same temperature, stable physicochemical properties, no explosive combustion risk and no reaction with target reservoir minerals including but not limited to liquid carbon dioxide and liquid nitrogen.
4. The method for generating and controlling the self-deflection of an abrasive jet of superheated liquid based on the interaction of a flash plume as claimed in claim 2 wherein the superheat parameter is controlled by adjusting the temperature of the superheated liquid based on a dimensionless parameterP 2 / P 1<1 determining the saturation pressure of the superheated liquidP 1RangeP 1 ＞ P 2Obtaining the temperature range corresponding to the saturation pressure by looking up the tableT ＞T 1 。
5. The flash plume interaction based superheated liquid abrasive jet self-deflection generation and control method of claim 2,P 2 / P 1temperature obtained at > 1TThe range is a non-flashing temperature interval, and at the moment, the jet flow form shows no interaction; 0.3 < (R) >P 2 / P 1Temperature obtained at < 1TThe range is the transition flashing temperature range, and at the moment, the jet flow form shows moderate interaction;P 2 / P 1the temperature obtained at less than or equal to 0.3TThe range is the complete flash boiling temperature interval when the jet form shows a vigorous interaction.
6. The method for generating and controlling self-deflection of superheated liquid abrasive jet based on flash plume interaction as claimed in claim 2, wherein the number of said multi-hole nozzles is not less than 3, and the azimuth angles of said multi-hole nozzles are different, so as to satisfy the flash condition.
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