CN114575819A - Visual simulation method and device for migration of fracturing propping agent of true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern - Google Patents
Visual simulation method and device for migration of fracturing propping agent of true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114575819A CN114575819A CN202210227032.XA CN202210227032A CN114575819A CN 114575819 A CN114575819 A CN 114575819A CN 202210227032 A CN202210227032 A CN 202210227032A CN 114575819 A CN114575819 A CN 114575819A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- blind holes
- transparent sample
- fracturing
- layers
- blind hole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006335 epoxy glue Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 24
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000006670 Multiple fractures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006333 epoxy cement Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a visual simulation method and a visual simulation device for migration of a fracturing propping agent of a true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern, wherein the simulation method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of obtaining a cubic transparent sample, wherein camera equipment is arranged on the cubic transparent sample, at least two layers of blind holes are drilled in the cubic transparent sample, and the adjacent two layers of blind holes are arranged in a staggered mode on a plane perpendicular to all the blind holes. A sleeve is arranged in each blind hole, and a well cementation rubber ring is formed between the sleeve and the blind hole; then, performing slotting, wherein the corresponding cracks of any two adjacent sleeves are arranged in a staggered manner along the length direction of the blind hole; the method comprises the steps of pressurizing a transparent sample by a true triaxial hydraulic fracturing system, injecting fracturing fluid containing a propping agent into each sleeve for fracturing, and observing in real time by camera equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic fracturing indoor physical simulation tests, and particularly relates to a method and a device for visually simulating migration of a fracturing propping agent of a true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern.
Background
When the reservoir is thick, fracturing a single horizontal well cannot achieve all vertical exploitation of the reservoir, and fracturing a stereoscopic well pattern can enable a vertical well to longitudinally exploit more layers and a horizontal well to laterally exploit more sections. When the three-dimensional well pattern is fractured, synchronous fracturing, sequential fracturing, zipper fracturing and other fracturing modes can be adopted. In general, a propping agent is brought into fractures during fracturing to prop the fractures, and under the action of stress interference, the fracture network structure of a three-dimensional well pattern is complex so as to increase the modification volume of a reservoir and further increase the oil and gas productivity. The tortuosity of a fracture network after the three-dimensional well pattern is fractured is higher, and the migration and the distribution of the propping agent in the complex fracture network are more complex. Since it is difficult to directly observe the movement of the proppant in a real formation, indoor experiments are the main means to study proppant transport and distribution.
At present, a visual experimental method for researching proppant migration indoors mainly utilizes parallel glass plates to simulate cracks, and the shape of the cracks is relatively regular; in addition, the existing experimental method for the migration of the true triaxial fracturing proppant mainly aims at a single horizontal well or a vertical well, and the migration rule and the distribution condition of the proppant in the fracturing process of the three-dimensional well pattern cannot be simulated under the two conditions.
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field needs to be solved urgently, how to provide a visual simulation method and a visual simulation device for migration of a fracturing propping agent of a true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern, so that the visual simulation method and the visual simulation device can simulate a three-dimensional well pattern structure and stress conditions of a real stratum and study the real-time migration process of the propping agent in a fracture under the stress interference of multiple wells and multiple fractures.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method and a device for visually simulating the migration of a fracturing propping agent of a true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern.
The invention provides a visual simulation method for migration of a fracturing propping agent of a true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern, which comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the steps of obtaining a cubic transparent sample, wherein the cubic transparent sample comprises a plurality of layers which are sequentially stacked, and the cubic transparent sample is also provided with camera equipment, wherein the transparent sample is made of organic glass; drilling blind holes on at least two layers of layers, wherein the blind holes on two adjacent layers with the drilled blind holes are staggered on a plane vertical to all the blind holes, the number of the blind holes drilled on each layer with the drilled blind holes is multiple, the length directions of the blind holes are mutually parallel, a casing is put into each blind hole, and well cementing glue is added into an annular space between the outer side of the wall of the casing and the inner wall of the blind hole to solidify the well cementing glue to form a well cementing glue ring; then, performing slotting, and enabling the cracks formed by slotting to satisfy the following conditions: in the direction from the casing to the blind hole, the fracture extends from the wall of the casing to at least the cementing rubber ring, and the fracture penetrates through the wall of the casing and the cementing rubber ring; in each layer, the cracks corresponding to two adjacent sleeves are arranged in a staggered manner in the length direction of the blind hole; the method comprises the steps of carrying out triaxial pressurization on a transparent sample through a true triaxial hydraulic fracturing system, injecting fracturing fluid containing a propping agent into each sleeve for fracturing, and then observing migration and dynamic distribution characteristics of the propping agent in a triaxial stress state in real time through camera equipment.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the organic glass comprises polymethyl methacrylate; and/or the cementing cement comprises an epoxy cement.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the multiple layers of the stacked layer, two adjacent layers are bonded through epoxy resin glue.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the length direction of the blind hole is parallel to the direction of minimum horizontal principal stress loading of the transparent sample; and/or the process of triaxial pressurization of the transparent sample by the true triaxial hydraulic fracturing system comprises: loading vertical stress to the normal direction of the plane where the horizon is located in the transparent sample; loading the minimum horizontal main stress in the direction parallel to all the blind holes; and loading the maximum horizontal principal stress to the normal direction of the plane formed by the minimum horizontal principal stress and the vertical stress.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the fracture extends from the wall of the casing to at least a part of the area of the horizon in a direction normal from the casing to the blind hole, wherein the length of the at least part of the area is between 0.3cm and 0.5 cm.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the multi-layer levels further include two levels in which blind holes are not drilled, the level in which blind holes are drilled is located between the two levels in which blind holes are not drilled, and each level in which blind holes are not drilled is provided with an image capturing device.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the total amount of the fracturing fluid containing the proppant is 20mL to 2000 mL.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the flow rate of the fracturing fluid containing the proppant is 1mL/min-200mL/min, and/or the mass fraction of the proppant in the fracturing fluid containing the proppant is 10% -20%.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, injecting a fracturing fluid containing proppant into each casing comprises: a fracturing fluid containing proppant is injected into each casing simultaneously or non-simultaneously.
In another aspect of the invention, a visual simulation device for fracturing proppant migration of a true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern is provided for implementing the method, and the device comprises a fracturing device and a cubic transparent sample; the fracturing device comprises a cavity, a pressurizing device, an injection device and a pressure sensor; the cubic transparent sample comprises a plurality of layers which are sequentially stacked, and blind holes on two adjacent layers drilled with the blind holes are arranged in a staggered manner on a plane vertical to all the blind holes; blind holes are arranged on at least two layers of layers, and the number of the blind holes drilled on the layer of each blind hole is multiple; a sleeve is arranged in each blind hole, and a well cementation rubber ring is arranged in an annular space between the outer side of the wall of the sleeve and the inner wall of the blind hole; a crack is arranged in the direction from the sleeve to the blind hole and penetrates through the wall of the sleeve and the well cementation rubber ring; in each layer, the cracks corresponding to two adjacent sleeves are arranged in a staggered manner in the length direction of the blind hole; wherein the transparent sample is made of organic glass; the well cementation rubber ring comprises epoxy resin glue; the cubic transparent sample is also provided with a camera device, and the camera device is used for real-time video recording; the adjacent layers are bonded by using epoxy resin glue; the direction of the blind hole is the loading direction of the minimum horizontal main stress along the transparent sample; the pressurizing device comprises a pressurizing pump and three pressurizing plates, the pressurizing pump is used for pressurizing, the three pressurizing plates are independently connected with the pressurizing pump, and triaxial stress is respectively loaded on the transparent sample in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction through the three pressurizing plates; the cavity is used for containing a transparent sample, and the three pressurizing plates are arranged on the inner wall of the cavity; the injection device is used for injecting fracturing fluid containing proppant into the casing; the injection device comprises a liquid injection pump, an intermediate container and a multi-way valve which are connected in sequence, and the multi-way valve is connected with the inlet end of each sleeve respectively; each sleeve is connected with a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensors are used for monitoring the pressure in the sleeves in real time.
The implementation of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a visual simulation method and a device for migration of a fracturing propping agent of a true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern, which can simulate a three-dimensional well pattern structure of a real stratum by adjusting the arrangement of sleeves on each layer in a cubic transparent sample, can form staggered cracks in adjacent sleeves by slitting along the direction from the sleeves to blind holes, can simulate a multi-well multi-crack structure in the real stratum, and can more truly simulate the stress state of the real stratum by triaxial pressurization on the cubic transparent sample. The dynamic distribution characteristics of the proppant in the propagating fracture visualize the study process.
In addition, the simulation device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple device, controllable process conditions, easiness in operation and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern fracturing proppant migration visualization simulation device in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a top perspective view of a crack corresponding to a casing at a location in a cubic transparent sample according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for visually simulating fracturing proppant migration in a true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals:
1-cubic transparent sample; 2-layered interface; 301. 302-blind hole; 401. 402-an image pickup apparatus; 5-a wire groove; 6-a computer; 7-a pressure pump; 8-six way valve; 9-an intermediate container; 10-a pressure sensor; 11-a liquid injection pump; 12-cracking; 13-proppant.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is merely illustrative of the principles and features of the present invention, and the examples are intended to be illustrative of the invention and not limiting of the scope of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims, as well as in the drawings, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
The invention provides a visual simulation method for migration of a fracturing propping agent of a true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern, which comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the steps of obtaining a cubic transparent sample, wherein the cubic transparent sample comprises a plurality of layers of positions which are sequentially stacked, and the cubic transparent sample is also provided with camera equipment, wherein the material of the transparent sample is organic glass; drilling blind holes on at least two layers of layers, wherein the number of the blind holes drilled on each layer with the blind holes is multiple, and the length directions of the blind holes are parallel to each other; two adjacent layers of blind holes are arranged in a staggered manner on a plane perpendicular to the blind holes. Setting a sleeve in each blind hole, and adding well cementation glue into an annular space between the outer side of the wall of the sleeve and the inner wall of the blind hole to solidify the well cementation glue to form a well cementation glue ring; then, performing slotting, and enabling the cracks formed by slotting to satisfy the following conditions: in the direction from the casing to the blind hole, the fracture extends from the wall of the casing to at least the cementing rubber ring, and the fracture penetrates through the wall of the casing and the cementing rubber ring; in each layer, the cracks corresponding to two adjacent sleeves are arranged in a staggered manner in the length direction of the blind hole; carrying out triaxial pressurization on the transparent sample through a true triaxial hydraulic fracturing system, injecting fracturing fluid containing a proppant into each sleeve, and observing the migration and distribution characteristics of the proppant in a triaxial stress state in real time through camera equipment.
Generally, the method for visually simulating migration of the fracturing propping agent of the true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern is implemented in a device for visually simulating migration of the fracturing propping agent of the true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern, a cubic transparent test sample comprises organic glass, and organic glass blocks are generally used as raw materials for cutting to prepare a cubic sample with a proper size, wherein in some embodiments, the organic glass comprises polymethyl methacrylate; the size of the cubic sample is generally determined according to the size of the cavity (loading chamber) of the simulation apparatus.
In the invention, the organic glass block is cut into a proper size to form a cubic sample; when the simulated stratum is a homogeneous stratum, cutting the cubic sample to form a multilayer layer to obtain a cubic sample; when the simulated stratum is a heterogeneous stratum, cutting organic glass blocks with different mechanical properties, stacking and placing the cut samples according to the stratum properties of the actual stratum to form a plurality of layers to obtain a cubic sample, wherein the thickness of each layer is obtained by reducing the thickness of the simulated stratum in the same proportion, the thickness direction of each layer is perpendicular to the length direction of the blind hole, and the number of the layers is at least 2, for example, 3, 4 or more than 5.
In some embodiments, in the stacked multiple layers of layers, a layered interface formed by bonding two adjacent layers through epoxy resin glue is formed between the two adjacent layers, and in the implementation process of the invention, the two adjacent layers are bonded and fixed by adjusting the adding proportion of the glue A and the glue B, so that the layered interface is close to the interface between actual stratums.
In the invention, blind holes (boreholes) are drilled on at least two layers of layers in the cubic sample, the number of the drilled blind holes on each layer with the drilled blind holes is multiple, and the length directions of all the blind holes are parallel to each other. The length direction (axial direction) of the blind holes is parallel to the direction from one layer to the other of the multilayer layers, i.e. parallel to the direction from one layer to the other. In some embodiments, the length direction of the blind holes is parallel to the minimum horizontal principal stress loading direction of the transparent sample, i.e. perpendicular to the maximum horizontal principal stress loading direction, the total number of drilled blind holes is determined according to the total number of wells in the simulated three-dimensional well pattern, the number of drilled blind holes in each drilled layer may be the same or different, typically at least 2, for example 2, 3 or more than 4, and the spacing between drilled blind holes in each drilled layer is not limited.
Furthermore, the depth and the diameter of the drilled blind hole are not limited, and the size of the borehole in the actual stratum is reduced according to the ratio of the simulated actual stratum to the transparent sample in the same proportion. In some embodiments, on the multilayer levels which are sequentially stacked, the blind holes on two adjacent levels drilled with the blind holes are staggered in the length direction along the blind holes, and the arrangement conditions of the wells on the two adjacent levels drilled with the blind holes in the length direction along the blind holes are adjusted, so that well pattern structures with different structures can be simulated, and particularly a three-dimensional well pattern structure of an actual stratum can be simulated.
In the invention, a sleeve is put into each blind hole, the outer diameter of the sleeve is generally smaller than the inner diameter of the blind hole, so that an annular space is formed between the outer side of the wall of the sleeve and the inner wall of the blind hole, well cementing glue is added into the annular space, the annular space is placed for a preset time, the well cementing glue is solidified (solidified) to form a well cementing glue ring, wherein the direction of putting the sleeve is consistent with the direction of drilling the blind hole, namely the axial direction of the blind hole is the same as the axial direction of the sleeve. In some embodiments, the cement glue comprises an epoxy glue.
Further, after the well cementing glue is cured to form a well cementing glue ring, a slot cutting device is put into the casing to cut a slot, and a slot is formed through the slot, wherein the slot extends in the direction from the casing to the blind hole, penetrates through the wall of the casing and the well cementing glue ring, and extends to at least a part of the horizon, namely enters the horizon by a certain length, the certain length refers to the length of the slot extending to the horizon, and the length is 0.3cm-0.5cm, such as 0.3cm, 0.32cm, 0.35cm, 0.36cm, 0.38cm, 0.4cm, 0.42cm, 0.45cm, 0.48cm, 0.5cm or a range formed by any two of the two. And (3) putting a slotting device into each sleeve for slotting, wherein the number of the cracks formed by slotting is at least 2, such as 2, 3, 4 or more than 5.
In some embodiments, in each layer, the fractures corresponding to two adjacent casings are arranged in a staggered manner in the length direction of the blind hole, that is, the fractures are arranged in a staggered manner, and the multi-well multi-fracture structure in the three-dimensional well pattern can be simulated by adjusting the arrangement mode of the fractures corresponding to two adjacent casings, so that the process of fracture initiation, expansion and proppant migration in the three-dimensional well pattern can be researched under the subsequent simulated formation stress condition, and the process can be closer to the actual formation condition.
According to the invention, the cubic transparent sample is also provided with camera equipment, and the camera equipment can clearly capture the expansion process of the crack and the distribution condition of the propping agent in the crack through the transparent sample. The multilayer layer also comprises two layers of layers without drilled blind holes, the layer with drilled blind holes is positioned between the two layers of layers without drilled blind holes, and each layer without drilled blind holes is provided with a camera device; blind holes are not drilled in the first layer and the fourth layer, camera equipment is arranged on the first layer and the fourth layer, the camera equipment located at the first layer is used for observing the fracturing process of the casing pipe on the second layer, and the camera equipment located at the fourth layer is used for observing the fracturing process of the casing pipe on the third layer.
In some embodiments, a sight hole is provided at a level of the transparent specimen where no blind hole is drilled, and a camera device is provided in the sight hole, wherein the sight hole is obtained by cutting. Further, the number of the observation holes is at least two, an image pickup device is arranged in each observation hole, the size of each observation hole is based on the fact that the image pickup device can be contained, and the visual angle of the image pickup device is adjusted, so that the image pickup device can observe the migration and distribution characteristics of the propping agent.
In some embodiments, the cubic transparent sample has a size of 30cm x 30cm x 30cm, and 2 observation holes are respectively provided at the first level and the fourth level of the transparent sample, so that the entire area of the transparent sample can be observed by the image pickup apparatus provided in the observation holes.
In the invention, the transparent sample is subjected to triaxial pressurization by a true triaxial hydraulic fracturing system, wherein the triaxial pressurization refers to loading stress on the cubic transparent sample in the directions of an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis respectively, so that the stress state can be simulated more truly, and the stress range is 0-50MPa, such as 0, 5MPa, 10MPa, 15MPa, 20MPa, 25MPa, 30MPa, 35MPa, 40MPa, 45MPa, 50MPa or the range formed by any two of the above. By controlling the magnitude of the stress of the tri-axial pressurization, the effect of different stresses on proppant transport and distribution characteristics can be studied. The process of triaxial pressurization of a transparent sample by a true triaxial hydraulic fracturing system comprises: loading triaxial stresses in X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions on the transparent sample, wherein the loading of the triaxial stresses specifically comprises loading vertical stresses on a plane where a layer position in the transparent sample is located in a normal direction; loading the minimum horizontal main stress in the direction parallel to all the blind holes; and loading the maximum horizontal principal stress to the normal direction of the plane formed by the minimum horizontal principal stress and the vertical stress.
Generally, after the loaded stress is stable, fracturing fluid containing a proppant is injected into each sleeve to perform fracturing simulation, and the migration and distribution characteristics of the proppant in a triaxial stress state are observed in real time through camera equipment, wherein the fracturing fluid containing the proppant is mixed liquid containing the proppant and the fracturing fluid.
In some embodiments, while simulating simultaneous fracturing, a fracturing fluid containing proppant is injected into each casing simultaneously; in addition, fracturing fluid containing proppant can be injected into each casing at different times; for example, when sequential fracturing is simulated, fracturing fluid containing proppant is injected into each casing in sequence, namely, the fracturing fluid containing proppant is injected into the first casing, after the first stage of fracturing is completed, the fracturing fluid containing proppant is injected into the second casing, and so on, and the injection sequence is determined according to the actual condition of the stratum to be simulated. By adjusting the injection sequence, the influence on the expansion condition of the fracture and the migration process of the propping agent in the fracturing modes such as synchronous fracturing and sequential fracturing can be researched.
In some embodiments, the total amount injected during injection of the proppant-containing fracturing fluid is 20mL to 2000mL, such as 20mL, 30mL, 40mL, 45mL, 50mL, 60mL, 70mL, 80mL, 90mL, 100mL, 200mL, 300mL, 400mL, 500mL, 1000mL, 2000mL, or a range consisting of any two thereof.
In some embodiments, the flow rate of injection of the proppant-containing fracturing fluid is from 1mL/min to 200mL/min, such as 1mL/min, 2mL/min, 3mL/min, 4mL/min, 5mL/min, 10mL/min, 15mL/min, 20mL/min, 25mL/min, 30mL/min, 35mL/min, 40mL/min, 45mL/min, 50mL/min, 55mL/min, 60mL/min, 70mL/min, 80mL/min, 90mL/min, 100mL/min, 150mL/min, 200mL/min, or a range of any two thereof. By controlling the injection flow, the influence of different injection flows on the expansion condition of the fracture and the migration process of the proppant can be researched.
In some embodiments, the mass fraction of proppant in the mixed liquor is 10% -20%, such as in the range of 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, or any two thereof.
The invention provides a visual simulation device for migration of fracturing propping agent of a true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern, which is used for implementing the method and comprises a fracturing device and a cubic transparent sample; the fracturing device comprises a cavity, a pressurizing device, an injection device and a pressure sensor.
Further, the cubic transparent sample comprises a plurality of layers of positions which are sequentially stacked; blind holes are arranged on at least two layers of layers, and the blind holes of the two adjacent layers are arranged in a staggered manner on a plane vertical to the blind holes. The number of the blind holes drilled on the layer of each blind hole is multiple; a sleeve is arranged in each blind hole, and a well cementation rubber ring is arranged in an annular space between the outer side of the wall of the sleeve and the inner wall of the blind hole; a slot is arranged in the direction from the sleeve to the blind hole, and the slot penetrates through the wall of the sleeve and the well cementation rubber ring; and in each layer, the cracks corresponding to two adjacent sleeves are arranged in a staggered manner in the length direction of the blind hole.
Furthermore, the transparent sample is made of organic glass, and the organic glass contains polymethyl methacrylate; the well cementation rubber ring comprises epoxy resin glue.
Furthermore, the number of the layer positions is at least 2, in the specific implementation process of the invention, the size of the cubic transparent sample is 30cm x 30cm x 30cm, the layer positions are 4 layers, the thickness of each layer position is 7.5cm, and the adjacent layer positions are bonded by using epoxy resin glue.
Furthermore, the length directions of all the blind holes are parallel to each other, and the length directions of the blind holes are parallel to the minimum horizontal main stress loading direction of the transparent sample; the axial direction of the blind hole is the same as that of the sleeve. The number of blind holes on each level may be the same or different.
Further, the blind holes on two adjacent layers provided with the blind holes are arranged in a staggered mode in the direction perpendicular to the lengths of all the blind holes, wherein the direction perpendicular to the lengths of all the blind holes is the thickness direction of the layer.
Further, the fracture extends from the wall of the casing to at least a partial region of the horizon in a direction from the casing to the blind hole, wherein the length of the at least partial region is between 0.3cm and 0.5 cm.
Furthermore, the multilayer layer comprises two layers of layers without drilling blind holes, the layer with the drilled blind holes is located between the two layers of layers without drilling blind holes, and each layer without drilling blind holes is provided with a camera device which is used for recording videos in real time.
In some embodiments, the pressurizing device includes a pressurizing pump, and three pressurizing plates independently connected to the pressurizing pump, and the pressurizing pump is used for pressurizing, and the transparent sample is loaded with triaxial stress in the directions of the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis by the three pressurizing plates. The pressurizing device further comprises pressurizing pistons which are arranged corresponding to the three pressurizing plates, the pressurizing pumps are respectively connected with the pressurizing pistons, pressure is transmitted to the pressurizing plates through the pressurizing pumps, and then the three pressurizing plates load triaxial stress on the transparent sample in the directions of an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis.
In some embodiments, the chamber is used for containing a transparent sample, and the three pressure plates are arranged on the inner wall of the chamber. Typically, during the fracturing process, the cavity is a sealed cavity.
Further, the transparent sample is also provided with a camera device, and the camera device is used for observing the fracturing condition of the transparent sample in a triaxial stress state. The signal line of camera equipment, power cord set up along the wire casing, and camera equipment is connected to the one end of signal line, power cord, and display device is connected to the other end, and camera equipment is used for the video recording, and this video recording shows in display device in real time to support the playback.
In some embodiments, the injection device is used to inject a fracturing fluid containing proppant into the casing; the injection device comprises a liquid injection pump, an intermediate container and a multi-way valve which are connected in sequence, wherein the intermediate container is used for containing fracturing fluid containing proppant. The valve of the multi-way valve is respectively connected with the inlet end of each sleeve. The first valve of multi-ported valve is connected with middle container, and other valves are connected with sheathed tube entry end respectively, and the multi-ported valve can realize opening simultaneously, also can realize opening one by one.
In some embodiments, each casing is connected to a pressure sensor for real-time monitoring of the pressure within the casing, the pressure sensors each being connected to a computer to record pressure changes as the fracturing is carried out.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern fracturing proppant migration visualization simulation device, which at least comprises a fracturing device and a cubic transparent sample 1;
the fracturing device comprises a cavity, a pressurizing device, an injection device and a pressure sensor 10;
the cubic transparent sample comprises 4 layers of layers which are sequentially stacked; the direction from the bottom layer to the top layer of the cubic sample is respectively a first layer position, a second layer position, a third layer position and a fourth layer position; a layered interface 2 is arranged between adjacent layers; blind holes are arranged on the second layer and the third layer, and the second layer is provided with 2 blind holes 302 and the third layer is provided with 3 blind holes 301; the axial direction of the blind holes is parallel to the minimum horizontal principal stress loading direction of the transparent sample, a sleeve is arranged in each blind hole, the axial direction of the blind hole is the same as the axial direction of the sleeve, and a well cementation rubber ring is arranged in an annular space between the outer side of the wall of the sleeve and the inner wall of the blind hole; a crack 12 is arranged in the direction from the casing to the blind hole, and the crack 12 penetrates through the wall of the casing and the well cementation rubber ring; wherein each casing corresponds to 2 fractures; a top perspective view of the corresponding split 12 of the casing at the third level is shown in figure 2; on each layer, the cracks 12 corresponding to two adjacent sleeves are staggered along the length direction of the blind hole; setting camera devices 402 and 401 at the first layer and the fourth layer respectively; a signal wire and a power wire of the camera device are arranged along the wire groove 5, one end of the signal wire and one end of the power wire are connected with the camera devices 402 and 401, the other end of the signal wire and the power wire are connected with the computer 6, the camera device 402 arranged at the first layer is used for observing the fracturing condition of the well at the second layer, and the camera device arranged at the fourth layer 401 is used for observing the fracturing condition of the well at the third layer;
the pressurizing device comprises a pressurizing pump 7 and three pressurizing plates, and the three pressurizing plates are independently connected with the pressurizing pump; loading triaxial stresses in X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions on the transparent sample through three pressurizing plates;
the cavity is used for containing transparent sample 1, and three pressure plates are arranged on the inner wall of the cavity.
The injection device comprises a liquid injection pump 11, an intermediate container 9 and a six-way valve 8 which are sequentially connected, wherein a first valve of the six-way valve is connected with the intermediate container, and other valves are respectively connected with the inlet end of each sleeve; each valve can be independently opened and closed, each sleeve is connected with a pressure sensor 10, and the pressure sensors 10 are connected with the computer 6.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a simulation method implemented by the simulation apparatus shown in fig. 1, including the following steps:
s301: obtaining a cubic transparent sample; the following steps are adopted to obtain a cubic transparent sample:
cutting the glass block into cubic samples with the sizes of 30cm x 30cm x 30cm, cutting the cubic samples to 4 layers, wherein the thickness of each layer is 7.5cm, and bonding adjacent layers through epoxy resin glue; cutting the cubic sample along the direction from the bottom layer to the top layer of the cubic sample to obtain a first layer, a second layer, a third layer and a fourth layer respectively;
drilling blind holes on a second layer and a third layer, wherein the direction of drilling the blind holes is along the direction of the minimum horizontal main stress, 2 blind holes 302 are drilled on the second layer, 3 blind holes 301 are drilled on the third layer, and the blind holes on the second layer and the third layer are arranged in a staggered mode on a plane vertical to all the blind holes;
setting a sleeve in each blind hole, adding well cementation glue into an annular space between the outer side of the wall of the sleeve and the inner wall of the blind hole, and placing for a preset time to solidify the well cementation glue to form a well cementation glue ring; then, a slotting device is put into the sleeve for slotting to form a crack 12, and the formed crack meets the following requirements: in the direction from the casing to the blind hole, the crack penetrates through the wall of the casing and the well cementation rubber ring, and the length of the crack extending to the position where the crack is located is 0.5 cm; as shown in fig. 2, the cracks corresponding to the adjacent casings on the same level are staggered along the length direction of the blind hole;
cutting 2 observation holes in the first layer and the fourth layer respectively, and arranging camera equipment in the observation holes respectively; a signal wire and a power wire of the camera device are arranged along the wire groove, one end of the signal wire and one end of the power wire are connected with the camera device, the other end of the signal wire and the other end of the power wire are connected with the display device, the camera device 402 arranged at the first layer is used for observing the fracturing condition of the well at the second layer, and the camera device arranged at the fourth layer 401 is used for observing the fracturing condition of the well at the third layer;
s302: loading triaxial stresses in X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions on the transparent sample respectively;
three pressure plates are adopted to load triaxial stress on the cubic transparent sample in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction by connecting a pressure pump; as shown in fig. 1, the three pressure plates are located on the inner wall of the cavity and respectively correspond to three surfaces of the transparent sample which are adjacent to each other, and the process of loading stress is as follows: the process of carrying out triaxial pressurization on the transparent sample by the action of the pressurization pump and the pressurization plate comprises the following steps: normal loading vertical stress sigma of plane of horizon in transparent samplev(ii) a Loading of the direction parallel to all the blind holes with the minimum horizontal principal stress sigmah(ii) a Normal loading maximum horizontal principal stress sigma of plane formed by minimum horizontal principal stress and vertical stressH。
S303: injecting fracturing fluid containing proppant into the sleeve to fracture the transparent sample;
after triaxial stress loading is finished, pressurizing by a liquid injection pump 11 to inject fracturing liquid containing proppant in the intermediate container 9 into each sleeve for fracturing, and when the six-way valve 8 is opened simultaneously, simulating a synchronous fracturing process; when the six-way valves are opened one by one, a sequential fracturing process can be simulated, the opening sequence and the number of the six-way valves are determined according to the actual situation to be simulated. The present example does not explicitly specify the opening order;
s304: starting the camera devices 401 and 402 while fracturing, observing the expansion condition of the crack 12 and the migration condition of the propping agent 13 in the transparent sample in a triaxial stress state in real time, and recording by using the computer 6;
the camera device can clearly capture the crack expansion process and the distribution condition of the propping agent in the crack at different moments through the transparent sample; meanwhile, the camera shooting equipment is connected to the computer, videos shot by the camera shooting equipment can be displayed in the computer in real time, and meanwhile playback after fracturing is finished is supported.
S305: and after fracturing, analyzing and simulating the migration and distribution characteristics of the propping agent when the three-dimensional well pattern of the real stratum is fractured under the stress condition by integrating the pressure data and the fracturing video.
Specifically, the pressure response characteristics on the fracturing curve correspond to the fracture expansion and proppant migration conditions in the fracturing video, and the corresponding relation between the fracture expansion and the proppant migration is analyzed, so that the laying and migration conditions of the proppant can be judged on site from the pressure curve characteristics.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A visual simulation method for migration of a fracturing propping agent of a true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining a cubic transparent sample, wherein the cubic transparent sample comprises a plurality of layers which are sequentially stacked, and camera equipment is further arranged on the cubic transparent sample, and the transparent sample is made of organic glass;
drilling blind holes on at least two layers of the layers, wherein the blind holes on two adjacent layers drilled with the blind holes are arranged on a plane vertical to all the blind holes in a staggered manner, the number of the blind holes drilled on each layer drilled with the blind holes is multiple, the length directions of the blind holes are parallel to each other, a sleeve is put into each blind hole, and well cementing glue is added into an annular space between the outer side of the wall of the sleeve and the inner wall of each blind hole to be solidified to form a well cementing glue ring; then, performing slotting, and enabling the cracks formed by the slotting to satisfy the following conditions: the fracture extends from the wall of the casing to at least the cement grommet in a direction from the casing to the blind hole, and the fracture penetrates the wall of the casing and the cement grommet; in each layer, the cracks corresponding to two adjacent sleeves are arranged in a staggered manner in the length direction of the blind hole;
and carrying out triaxial pressurization on the transparent sample through a true triaxial hydraulic fracturing system, injecting fracturing fluid containing a propping agent into each sleeve for fracturing, and then observing the migration and dynamic distribution characteristics of the propping agent in a triaxial stress state in real time through the camera equipment.
2. The simulation method of claim 1, wherein the organic glass comprises polymethylmethacrylate; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the well cementation glue comprises epoxy resin glue.
3. The simulation method of claim 1, wherein adjacent two of the stacked plurality of layers are bonded together by an epoxy glue.
4. The simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the length direction of the blind hole is parallel to the direction of minimum horizontal principal stress loading of the transparent specimen; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the process of tri-axial pressurization of the transparent sample by a true tri-axial hydraulic fracturing system comprises: loading vertical stress to the normal direction of the plane where the horizon is located in the transparent sample; loading a minimum horizontal principal stress to a direction parallel to all the blind holes; and loading the maximum horizontal main stress to the normal direction of the plane formed by the minimum horizontal main stress and the vertical stress.
5. The simulation method of claim 1, wherein the fracture extends from the wall of the casing to at least a partial region of the horizon in a normal direction from the casing to the blind hole, wherein the length of the at least partial region is between 0.3cm and 0.5 cm.
6. The simulation method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of levels further comprises two levels of non-drilled blind holes, the level drilled with blind holes is located between the two levels of non-drilled blind holes, and each of the non-drilled blind holes is provided with the camera.
7. The simulation method of claim 1, wherein the total amount of the fracturing fluid containing the proppant is injected in a range of 20mL to 2000 mL.
8. The simulation method of claim 1, wherein the injection of the fracturing fluid containing proppant has a flow rate of 1mL/min to 200mL/min and/or a mass fraction of proppant in the fracturing fluid containing proppant is 10% to 20%.
9. The simulation method of claim 1, wherein the step of injecting a fracturing fluid containing proppant into each casing comprises: and simultaneously or non-simultaneously injecting fracturing fluid containing proppant into each casing.
10. A true triaxial three dimensional well pattern fracturing proppant transport visual simulation device for carrying out the method of any one of claims 1 to 9, the device comprising a fracturing device, a cubic transparent sample; the fracturing device comprises a cavity, a pressurizing device, an injection device and a pressure sensor;
the cubic transparent sample comprises a plurality of layers which are sequentially stacked, and blind holes on two adjacent layers drilled with the blind holes are staggered on a plane vertical to all the blind holes; blind holes are arranged on at least two layers of the layers, and the number of the blind holes drilled on the layers of each blind hole is multiple; a sleeve is arranged in each blind hole, and a well cementation rubber ring is arranged in an annular space between the outer side of the wall of the sleeve and the inner wall of the blind hole; a crack is arranged in the direction from the sleeve to the blind hole and penetrates through the wall of the sleeve and the well cementation rubber ring; in each layer, the cracks corresponding to two adjacent sleeves are arranged in a staggered manner in the length direction of the blind hole; wherein the transparent sample is made of organic glass; the well cementation rubber ring comprises epoxy resin glue; the cubic transparent sample is also provided with a camera device, and the camera device is used for recording videos in real time; the adjacent layers are bonded by using epoxy resin glue; the direction of the blind hole is the loading direction of the minimum horizontal main stress along the transparent sample;
the pressurizing device comprises a pressurizing pump and three pressurizing plates, the pressurizing pump is used for pressurizing, the three pressurizing plates are independently connected with the pressurizing pump, and triaxial stress is respectively loaded on the transparent sample in the directions of an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis through the three pressurizing plates;
the cavity is used for containing a transparent sample, and the three pressurizing plates are arranged on the inner wall of the cavity;
the injection device is used for injecting fracturing fluid containing proppant into the casing; the injection device comprises a liquid injection pump, an intermediate container and a multi-way valve which are connected in sequence, wherein the multi-way valve is connected with the inlet end of each sleeve respectively;
each sleeve is connected with a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensors are used for monitoring the pressure in the sleeves in real time.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210227032.XA CN114575819A (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2022-03-08 | Visual simulation method and device for migration of fracturing propping agent of true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210227032.XA CN114575819A (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2022-03-08 | Visual simulation method and device for migration of fracturing propping agent of true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114575819A true CN114575819A (en) | 2022-06-03 |
Family
ID=81779092
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210227032.XA Pending CN114575819A (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2022-03-08 | Visual simulation method and device for migration of fracturing propping agent of true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114575819A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116181301A (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2023-05-30 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Simulation method and simulation system for fracturing multi-joint interference of three-dimensional well pattern of horizontal well |
| CN116337639A (en) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-06-27 | 新疆斐德莱布能源科技有限公司 | Multilayer system three-dimensional well pattern fracturing simulation experiment device and method |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104237460A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-12-24 | 中国石油大学 | Device for simulating sedimentation rule of proppant in complicated fracture network formed by volume fracturing and application of device |
| CN205605192U (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-09-28 | 西安石油大学 | Simulate interior proppant sedimentation rule experimental apparatus of asymmetric cloth seam |
| CN106979001A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-07-25 | 华美孚泰油气增产技术服务有限责任公司 | Thick-layer glutenite horizontal well solid seam net fracturing optimizing method |
| CN108386177A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-08-10 | 东营市鼎晟宸宇油气科技有限公司 | The 3-dimensional multi-layered more well pressure break supporting cracks of one kind monitoring experimental system and method in real time |
| US20180335494A1 (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2018-11-22 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Systems and methods for tri-axial nmr testing |
| CN110500090A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-26 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Three-dimensional volume fracturing analogy method and device |
| CN111411929A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-07-14 | 大庆油田有限责任公司 | Horizontal well immovable string staged fracturing physical simulation tool and zipper type fracturing simulation experiment method |
| CN111946318A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-17 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Multi-cluster synchronous fracturing visual simulation device, system and manufacturing method |
| CN113914851A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-01-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Experimental method for simulating seepage of fracturing fluid in complex fracture system |
-
2022
- 2022-03-08 CN CN202210227032.XA patent/CN114575819A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20180335494A1 (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2018-11-22 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Systems and methods for tri-axial nmr testing |
| CN104237460A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-12-24 | 中国石油大学 | Device for simulating sedimentation rule of proppant in complicated fracture network formed by volume fracturing and application of device |
| CN205605192U (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-09-28 | 西安石油大学 | Simulate interior proppant sedimentation rule experimental apparatus of asymmetric cloth seam |
| CN106979001A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-07-25 | 华美孚泰油气增产技术服务有限责任公司 | Thick-layer glutenite horizontal well solid seam net fracturing optimizing method |
| CN108386177A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-08-10 | 东营市鼎晟宸宇油气科技有限公司 | The 3-dimensional multi-layered more well pressure break supporting cracks of one kind monitoring experimental system and method in real time |
| CN110500090A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-26 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Three-dimensional volume fracturing analogy method and device |
| CN111411929A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-07-14 | 大庆油田有限责任公司 | Horizontal well immovable string staged fracturing physical simulation tool and zipper type fracturing simulation experiment method |
| CN113914851A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-01-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Experimental method for simulating seepage of fracturing fluid in complex fracture system |
| CN111946318A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-17 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Multi-cluster synchronous fracturing visual simulation device, system and manufacturing method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 陈勉等: "大尺寸真三轴水力压裂模拟与分析", 《岩石力学与工程学报》 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116181301A (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2023-05-30 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Simulation method and simulation system for fracturing multi-joint interference of three-dimensional well pattern of horizontal well |
| CN116181301B (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2023-09-19 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Simulation method and simulation system for fracturing multi-joint interference of three-dimensional well pattern of horizontal well |
| CN116337639A (en) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-06-27 | 新疆斐德莱布能源科技有限公司 | Multilayer system three-dimensional well pattern fracturing simulation experiment device and method |
| CN116337639B (en) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-10-24 | 新疆斐德莱布能源科技有限公司 | Multilayer system three-dimensional well pattern fracturing simulation experiment device and method |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Hou et al. | Fracture initiation and propagation in a deep shale gas reservoir subject to an alternating-fluid-injection hydraulic-fracturing treatment | |
| Kumari et al. | Hydraulic fracturing under high temperature and pressure conditions with micro CT applications: geothermal energy from hot dry rocks | |
| Zhou et al. | Experimental investigation on fracture propagation modes in supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing using acoustic emission monitoring | |
| CN108386177B (en) | Real-time monitoring experiment system and method for three-dimensional multilayer multi-well fracturing support crack | |
| Fallahzadeh et al. | An investigation of hydraulic fracturing initiation and near-wellbore propagation from perforated boreholes in tight formations | |
| CN114575819A (en) | Visual simulation method and device for migration of fracturing propping agent of true triaxial three-dimensional well pattern | |
| US10415359B2 (en) | Hydraulic fracturing in highly heterogeneous formations by fluid selection based on fracture surface roughness | |
| CN102022107B (en) | Method for establishing physical model capable of predicting waterflooding of fractured anisotropic oil reservoirs | |
| CN108590601B (en) | Experimental method for optimizing water injection expansion construction parameters | |
| Younessi et al. | Sand production simulation under true-triaxial stress conditions | |
| CN106198181B (en) | A kind of fractured horizontal well physical analogy sample and preparation method thereof | |
| Zhang et al. | Hydraulic fracture vertical propagation mechanism in interlayered brittle shale formations: an experimental investigation | |
| Zhang et al. | Investigation of sealing mechanism and field application of upward borehole self-sealing technology using drill cuttings for safe mining | |
| CN114778308A (en) | Visual simulation method and tool for migration of fracturing propping agent of true triaxial horizontal well | |
| Wang et al. | Large-scale physical simulation experiment research for hydraulic fracturing in shale | |
| CN110501758A (en) | A kind of sandy gravel materials are longitudinally continuous the pre- method of brittleness index | |
| CN114841019A (en) | Method and device for predicting rupture pressure of anisotropic reservoir | |
| Shi et al. | Experimental study on hydraulic fracture propagation behavior on dolomite rocks with open-hole completion | |
| Tian et al. | Effects of the mechanical properties of a cement sheath and formation on the sealing integrity of the cement-formation interface in shallow water flow in deep water | |
| Guo et al. | Experimental and numerical simulation study on hydraulic fracture propagation law of coal seam | |
| Wang et al. | Experimental study of volumetric fracturing properties for shale under different stress states | |
| CN116556910A (en) | Method for simulating multi-cluster fracturing in horizontal section | |
| Lu et al. | Verification of Fracture Reorientation and Analysis of Influence Factors in Multiple Fracturing Treatment | |
| Wan et al. | Numerical simulation and experimental study of near-wellbore fracture initiation mechanism on sandstone coal interbedding | |
| Eshiet et al. | An overview of principles and designs of hydraulic fracturing experiments and an inquiry into the influence of rock permeability and strength on failure mode |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20220603 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |