CN114575602A - Quick construction method for rubble masonry - Google Patents
Quick construction method for rubble masonry Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114575602A CN114575602A CN202210165231.2A CN202210165231A CN114575602A CN 114575602 A CN114575602 A CN 114575602A CN 202210165231 A CN202210165231 A CN 202210165231A CN 114575602 A CN114575602 A CN 114575602A
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- rubble
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- blanking device
- mortar
- conveying arm
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
- E04G21/16—Tools or apparatus
- E04G21/162—Handles to carry construction blocks
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Underground Or Underwater Handling Of Building Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of building construction, and discloses a rapid construction method for rubble masonry. The method comprises the following steps: erecting a template at a position where the rubble needs to be built; driving a combined material distribution vehicle to a set position, wherein the combined material distribution vehicle comprises a material distribution vehicle body, a slow-falling blanking device and a conveying arm connected between the material distribution vehicle body and the slow-falling blanking device; swinging the conveying arm to enable the slow-descending blanking device to be opposite to the template area; the rubble is conveyed to the upper end of the blanking device through the conveying arm, and the slow-descending blanking device receives the rubble and starts to pave; when the slow-falling blanking device paves the rubble, the conveying arm is swung or the combined distributing vehicle is driven to move, and one layer of paving of the rubble is completed; after the rubble layer is paved, mortar is paved and filled in the template area; and (5) paving the rubble and filling the mortar repeatedly until the building of the rubble is completed. The invention makes full use of mechanized operation, reduces labor cost by lightening labor force, and greatly improves construction efficiency and masonry quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building construction, in particular to a rapid construction method for rubble masonry.
Background
In the building construction, the traditional rubble masonry is slow in speed and poor in quality, and particularly the rubble masonry with large scale is carried out.
The invention patent with application number CN201911210999.1 discloses a rapid construction method of a rubble masonry, which adopts a template to construct the appearance, natural stones are stacked in the template, gaps among the natural stones are filled with self-compacting mortar, and the template is removed after the self-compacting mortar is shaped, so that the rubble masonry is obtained; when the exposed surface of the masonry needs the rugged stone three-dimensional landscape effect, an air bag mold is lined on the inner side of the template to be exposed, and after the air bag mold is removed, the rugged stone surface is formed on the surface of the masonry, so that the three-dimensional landscape effect is good. The masonry constructed by the method has no requirement on the grain size of stone materials, can fully utilize local natural stone materials, has the advantages of simple construction process, high construction speed, low cost and strong three-dimensional effect of exposed surfaces, can meet higher masonry strength, and has good landscape effect. Meanwhile, the technology can be widely applied to masonry retaining walls, dam slope protection, flood control and moisture protection bank protection, slurry masonry dams, dam shell face protection and the like. The design has the defects that a large amount of labor consumption caused by unloading, transferring, manual transferring and manual paving of rubble cannot be fundamentally solved, and the construction is slow and low in efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a rapid construction method for rubble masonry, which can greatly improve the efficiency of rubble masonry.
The invention discloses a rapid construction method for rubble masonry, which comprises the following steps:
erecting a template at a position where the rubble needs to be built;
driving a combined material distribution vehicle to a set position, and preparing a rough stone vehicle, wherein the combined material distribution vehicle comprises a material distribution vehicle body, a slow-falling blanking device and a conveying arm connected between the material distribution vehicle body and the slow-falling blanking device;
swinging the conveying arm to enable the slow descending blanking device to be over against the template area;
the rubble is conveyed to the upper end of the descending device through the conveying arm, and the slowly descending device receives the rubble and starts to pave;
when the slow-falling blanking device paves the rubble, the conveying arm is swung or the combined distributing vehicle is driven to move, and one layer of paving of the rubble is completed;
after the rubble layer is paved, mortar is paved and filled in the template area;
and (5) repeating the paving of the rubble and the filling of the mortar until the building of the rubble is completed.
Preferably, the mortar conveying device is arranged on the conveying arm, and after the rubble layer is paved, the mortar conveying device is used for paving and filling the mortar into the template area.
Preferably, the front end of the conveying arm is provided with a hose connected with a mortar conveying device, and when mortar is filled, the hose is swung manually to achieve uniform filling of the mortar.
Preferably, the filling is carried out with a self-compacting mortar.
Preferably, when the slow-falling blanking device is used for paving rubbles, the elevation angle of the conveying arm is adjusted along with the change of the building height of the rubbles, so that the bottom of the slow-falling blanking device is always close to a paving surface.
Preferably, a first receiving hopper is arranged on the body of the distributing vehicle, a second receiving hopper is arranged above the slow descending blanking device, and the conveying arm is connected with the first receiving hopper and the second receiving hopper;
when the rubble is paved, the rubble enters the conveying arm from the first receiving hopper and is conveyed to the second receiving hopper to be transferred into the slow-descending blanking device.
Preferably, the slow descending blanking device comprises an outer sleeve, the top of the outer sleeve is a feeding end, the bottom of the outer sleeve is a discharging end, a plurality of layers of elastic bulges are arranged in the outer sleeve along the axial direction, the whole inner space formed by the outer sleeve and the elastic bulge structure is a reducing structure gradually reduced from the feeding end to the discharging end, and the outer sleeve or the bulges are connected with a vibration mechanism;
when the slow-falling blanking device paves the rubble, the vibration mechanism is started to prevent the rubble from being blocked.
Preferably, the elastic bulge is an annular convex rubber ridge with the outer diameter matched with the inner diameter of the outer sleeve, and the section of the annular convex rubber ridge is in a semi-circular arc shape.
Preferably, the two sides of the outer wall of the outer sleeve are sequentially provided with the vibration mechanisms from bottom to bottom, and the vibration mechanisms on the two sides are mutually symmetrical.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the rubble is conveyed to the slow-falling blanking device through the conveying arm between the distributing vehicle body and the slow-falling blanking device, the rubble is directly paved in the template through the slow-falling blanking device, and then the mortar is used for filling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the rapid construction of rubble masonry of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an outer sleeve of the slow descent blanking device;
fig. 3 is an overall schematic view of the slow-descending blanking device.
Reference numerals: the cloth vehicle comprises a cloth vehicle body 1, a first receiving hopper 2, a conveying arm 3, a second receiving hopper 4, a slow descending blanking device 5, an outer sleeve 51, a feeding end 52, a discharging end 53, a vibrating mechanism 54, small-radius semi-circular arc protruding rubber ribs 55 and large-radius semi-circular arc protruding rubber ribs 56.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below.
As shown in figure 1, the rapid construction method for rubble masonry disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps:
erecting a template at a position where the rubble needs to be built;
driving a combined material distribution vehicle to a set position, and preparing a rough stone vehicle, wherein the combined material distribution vehicle comprises a material distribution vehicle body 1, a slow-falling blanking device 5 and a conveying arm 3 connected between the material distribution vehicle body 1 and the slow-falling blanking device 5, the rough stone vehicle can be an independent rough stone hopper vehicle, and can also be used as a rough stone vehicle, the cloth vehicle is used as a space of the vehicle body to carry rough stones, the conveying arm 3 can adopt a truss arm with a belt conveyor according to the existing form of the conveying arm 3, and can also adopt a spiral conveying arm 3, and from the overall structural form, the cantilever structure can be adopted, and a portal structure with a supporting wheel structure at the outer end can also be adopted;
swinging the conveying arm 3 to enable the slow descending blanking device 5 to be over against the template area;
the rubble is conveyed to the upper end of the blanking device through the conveying arm 3, and the slow-descending blanking device 5 receives the rubble and starts to pave;
when the slow-falling blanking device 5 paves rubbles, the conveying arm 3 is swung or the combined material distribution vehicle is driven to move to complete one-layer pavement of the rubbles, the conveying arm 3 can be directly swung to realize pavement for building rubbles with small area, and the combined material distribution vehicle is required to be driven to adjust the position of the slow-falling blanking device 5 to cover the whole pavement surface for building rubbles with large area or long length;
after the rubble layer is paved, mortar is paved and filled in the template area;
and (5) repeating the paving of the rubble and the filling of the mortar until the building of the rubble is completed.
This application need not artifical transport, artifical masonry rubble when mating formation, and what make full use of mechanized operation accomplished rubble paves.
The mortar can be filled by adopting the existing crown pump truck, and in the preferred embodiment of the application, a mortar conveying device is arranged on the conveying arm 3, and after the rubble layer is paved, the mortar is paved and filled in the template area by the mortar conveying device. Namely, the mortar conveying device is arranged on the same arm for conveying the rubble, and the same cloth vehicle is utilized to realize the paving of the rubble and the filling of the mortar. The special mortar stirrer can be arranged, the mortar conveying pump is arranged on the cloth vehicle, the cloth vehicle starts to drive in a return way after rubble is paved into a layer and is checked, and the cloth vehicle is driven to drive again according to paving of the rubble to fill the mortar. In order to ensure the uniform filling of mortar, the front end of the conveying arm 3 is provided with a hose connected with a mortar conveying device, and when the mortar is filled, the hose is manually swung to realize the uniform filling of the mortar. The mortar is preferably self-compacting mortar, so that the filling compactness is ensured.
When the rubble is paved, the paving height is higher and higher along with the pavement of layers of rubbles, so that when the slow-falling blanking device 5 is used for paving the rubble, the elevation angle of the conveying arm 3 is adjusted along with the masonry height change of the rubble, and the bottom of the slow-falling blanking device 5 is always close to a paving surface.
In order to facilitate the loading and unloading of rubbles on the conveying arm 3, a first receiving hopper 2 is arranged on the distributing vehicle body 1, a second receiving hopper 4 is arranged above the slow descending unloading device 5, and the conveying arm 3 is connected to the first receiving hopper 2 and the second receiving hopper 4; when the rubble of mating formation, the rubble gets into from first hopper 2 and carries arm 3, carries to second hopper 4 and transfers to slowly fall unloader 5 in, and when the rubble of mating formation, the rubble gets into arm 3 from first hopper 2, carries to second hopper 4 and transfers to slowly fall unloader 5 in. Therefore, the rubble can be lifted to the first receiving hopper 2 by using an on-site excavator or other lifting mechanisms, and then is output from the secondary descending device 5.
The slow-falling blanking device 5 is the key for paving rubble stones and has the function of buffering the rubble stones so that the rubble stones can be paved evenly and without danger, the slow-falling blanking device 5 can adopt the structures such as the existing inclined blanking device and the like for buffering, however, the inclined blanking device cannot extend into the formwork with a high height, and cannot freely move within the range of the formwork, and the paving uniformity cannot be guaranteed, so that, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, in the preferred embodiment of the present application, the slow-descent blanking device 5 comprises an outer sleeve 51, the top of the outer sleeve 51 is a feeding end 52, the bottom is a discharging end 53, a plurality of layers of elastic bulges are arranged in the outer sleeve 51 along the axial direction, the whole inner space formed by the outer sleeve 51 and the elastic bulge structure is a reducing structure which is gradually reduced from the feeding end 52 to the discharging end 53, and the outer sleeve 51 or the bulges are connected with a vibration mechanism 54; it should be noted that the tapered structure with the gradually decreasing inner space is that, in terms of the whole, from the local section, due to the existence of the elastic protrusion, the diameter corresponding to the vertex position of the elastic protrusion is smaller than the corresponding diameter of the bottom of the protrusion. When the blanket stone of blanking device 5 pavement slowly falls, the blanket stone passes through the protruding buffering of realization of multilayer elasticity, and the cooperation slowly falls 5 inner spaces of blanking device and diminishes gradually, guarantees that the blanket stone is comparatively slow and evenly exports from discharge end 53, and, when the blanket stone of blanking device 5 pavement slowly falls, start vibration mechanism 54, the elastic bulge of inside multilayer is under the elastic action of vibration effect and its self, and the blanket stone appears rolling, prevents that the blanket stone card from hindering, makes its even underground pavement.
The elastic bulge can be made of rubber, elastic plastic, silica gel and the like. The elastic protrusion may be in the form of a ring, a block, or the like. In the preferred embodiment of the present application, the resilient protrusions are annular protruding rubber ridges having an outer diameter matching the inner diameter of the outer sleeve 51. In order to reduce the resistance of the elastic bulge to the rubble and facilitate the stable falling of the rubble, the section of the annular bulge rubber rib is in a semi-circular arc shape. The protruding even glue of multilayer cross sectional dimension of stupefied of annular protruding glue can be adopted stupefied, but is the preferred embodiment of this application, the protruding stupefied 55 of gluing of stupefied 56 and the protruding stupefied 55 of gluing of small radius semi-circular arc of protruding including the protruding gluey of large radius semi-circular arc, the protruding section radius of gluing of stupefied 56 of large radius semi-circular arc is greater than the protruding section radius of gluing of stupefied 55 of small radius semi-circular arc, protruding stupefied 56 of gluing of large radius semi-circular arc and protruding stupefied 55 of gluing of small radius semi-circular arc are arranged in outer sleeve 51 along vertical in turn. The protruding stupefied 56 of gluing of big radius semicircle arc and the protruding stupefied 55 of gluing of small radius semicircle arc set up in turn, compare in even protruding stupefied can be through the drop of difference, aggravate the rolling of rubble, realize the even buffering whereabouts of rubble better.
The annular protruding rubber ridge can be directly fixed in the outer sleeve 51 in a gluing mode and the like, but is very easy to damage due to the direct contact friction of the annular protruding rubber ridge and rubs with rubble, and in order to facilitate the replacement of the annular protruding rubber ridge, the annular protruding rubber ridge is connected with the inner wall of the outer sleeve 51 through a lock catch.
The outer sleeve 51 may be made of a metal material, but the metal material has high hardness, is not favorable for transmission of vibration, and is easily damaged, and therefore, the outer sleeve 51 is preferably made of rubber. The outer sleeve 51 made of rubber can better transmit vibration and has longer service life. But the strength of the rubber is relatively low, and in order to increase the strength thereof, a reinforcing wire is provided inside the outer sleeve 51 to increase the strength thereof and prevent damage thereof.
For more convenient realization, the inner space of the slow-descending blanking device 5 is gradually reduced, and the diameter of the outer sleeve 51 is gradually reduced from the feeding end 52 to the discharging end 53. The structure can also better prevent the annular convex rubber edges in the rubber sealing ring from sliding off to a certain extent.
The vibrating mechanism 54 functions to prevent the rubble from being jammed when the rubble is blanked. The vibration mechanism 54 may be disposed outside the outer sleeve 51 or disposed inside the elastic protrusion. In the preferred embodiment of the present application, the vibration mechanisms 54 are sequentially arranged from bottom to bottom on both sides of the outer wall of the outer sleeve 51, and the vibration mechanisms 54 on both sides are symmetrical to each other. The vibrating mechanisms 54 are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the stable rolling and falling of the whole upper and lower range of the slow-falling blanking device 5 can be guaranteed, the vibrating mechanisms 54 on the two sides are symmetrical to each other, the stability of the slow-falling blanking device 5 under the vibrating action can be guaranteed, and the vibrating mechanisms 54 are arranged on the outer wall of the outer sleeve 51 and can facilitate the connection of circuits. The vibration mechanism 54 may be an electric, pneumatic, or the like vibration device, but in consideration of the relatively harsh environment and safety, the vibration mechanism 54 is a pneumatic turbine vibrator. The pneumatic turbine vibrator realizes vibration through a pneumatic circuit, and has better adaptability and safety.
Claims (9)
1. The rapid construction method for rubble masonry is characterized by comprising the following steps:
erecting a template at a position where the rubble needs to be built;
driving a combined material distribution vehicle to a set position, preparing a rubble vehicle, wherein the combined material distribution vehicle comprises a material distribution vehicle body (1), a slow-falling blanking device (5) and a conveying arm (3) connected between the material distribution vehicle body (1) and the slow-falling blanking device (5);
the conveying arm (3) is swung to enable the slow-falling blanking device (5) to be opposite to the template area;
the rubble is conveyed to the upper end of the blanking device through the conveying arm (3), and the slow-descending blanking device (5) receives the rubble and starts to pave;
when the slow-falling blanking device (5) paves the rubble, the conveying arm (3) is swung or the combined cloth vehicle is driven to move, and one layer of paving of the rubble is completed;
after the rubble layer is paved, mortar is paved and filled in the template area;
and (5) repeating the paving of the rubble and the filling of the mortar until the building of the rubble is completed.
2. The method of rapid construction of rubble masonry according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a mortar conveying device is arranged on the conveying arm (3), and after the rubble layer is paved, mortar is paved and filled in the template area by the mortar conveying device.
3. The method of rapid construction of rubble masonry according to claim 2, characterized in that: the front end of the conveying arm (3) is provided with a hose connected with a mortar conveying device, and when mortar is filled, the hose is swung manually to realize uniform filling of the mortar.
4. A rapid construction method of rubble masonry according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: and filling by adopting self-compacting mortar.
5. The method of rapid construction of rubble masonry according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the slow-falling blanking device (5) is used for paving rubbles, the elevation angle of the conveying arm (3) is adjusted along with the change of the masonry height of the rubbles, so that the bottom of the slow-falling blanking device (5) is always close to a paving surface.
6. The method of rapid construction of rubble masonry according to claim 1, characterized in that: a first receiving hopper (2) is arranged on the distributing vehicle body (1), a second receiving hopper (4) is arranged above the slow descending blanking device (5), and the conveying arm (3) is connected to the first receiving hopper (2) and the second receiving hopper (4);
when the rubble is paved, the rubble enters the conveying arm (3) from the first receiving hopper (2), is conveyed to the second receiving hopper (4), and is placed in the slow descending discharging device (5).
7. The method of rapid construction of rubble masonry according to claim 1, characterized in that: the slow descending blanking device (5) comprises an outer sleeve (51), the top of the outer sleeve (51) is a feeding end (52), the bottom of the outer sleeve (51) is a discharging end (53), a plurality of layers of elastic bulges are axially arranged in the outer sleeve (51), the whole inner space formed by the outer sleeve (51) and the elastic bulge structure is a reducing structure gradually reduced from the feeding end (52) to the discharging end (53), and the outer sleeve (51) or the bulges are connected with a vibration mechanism (54);
when the rough stones are paved by the slow-falling blanking device (5), the vibration mechanism (54) is started to prevent the rough stones from being blocked.
8. The method of rapid construction of rubble masonry according to claim 7, characterized in that: the elastic bulge is an annular convex rubber ridge with the outer diameter matched with the inner diameter of the outer sleeve (51), and the section of the annular convex rubber ridge is in a semi-circular arc shape.
9. The method of rapid construction of rubble masonry according to claim 7, characterized in that: and the two sides of the outer wall of the outer sleeve (51) are sequentially provided with vibration mechanisms (54) from bottom to bottom, and the vibration mechanisms (54) at the two sides are mutually symmetrical.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210165231.2A CN114575602B (en) | 2022-02-18 | 2022-02-18 | Quick construction method for rubble masonry |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210165231.2A CN114575602B (en) | 2022-02-18 | 2022-02-18 | Quick construction method for rubble masonry |
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| CN114575602A true CN114575602A (en) | 2022-06-03 |
| CN114575602B CN114575602B (en) | 2023-08-04 |
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| CN214882787U (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-11-26 | 中交四公局第二工程有限公司 | Continuous construction feeding structure of concrete slip form machine |
| CN113530268A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-10-22 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | Automatic laying device for masonry refractory mortar and refractory mortar masonry construction method |
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| CN114575602B (en) | 2023-08-04 |
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