CN114574071B - Preparation method of super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating with multi-scale structure stability - Google Patents
Preparation method of super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating with multi-scale structure stability Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a stable super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating with a multi-scale structure, wherein the coating comprises the following steps: the super-amphiphobic surface layer is composed of a fluorine-containing functional binding factor and high-density graft fluorinated low-surface-energy clay mineral particles, and finally the super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating with multi-scale structure stability is formed. The super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating prepared by the method disclosed by the invention not only has excellent super-amphiphobic performance, but also has the remarkable advantages of excellent mechanical stability and lasting anti-icing performance of the coating and the like, and can be widely applied to icing prevention and control of surfaces of communication lines, fan blades and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of super-amphiphobic anti-icing coatings, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating with a multi-scale structure stability.
Background
Icing in a low-temperature and high-humidity environment is a phenomenon which is ubiquitous in nature and difficult to avoid, and can cause serious damage to equipment such as power, communication, aviation, wind power generation and the like, so that great economic loss is caused. For example, in 2008, the large-area power transmission line collapses due to icing and overweight caused by ice and snow disasters spreading to various provinces in China, so that the power grid is paralyzed; after the surface of the wind power blade is frozen, the wing profile of the blade is overloaded and deformed, and parts such as a main shaft of a fan, the blade and the like are damaged in serious conditions. Therefore, how to solve the above-mentioned surface icing problem has become one of the currently serious challenges.
At present, the problem of icing on the surface is mainly solved by the traditional anti-icing/deicing strategies, such as manual mechanical deicing, high-speed heat flow deicing, electrothermal deicing, ultrasonic deicing and the like, the problems of high energy consumption, high cost, low efficiency, irreversible damage to equipment and the like are caused, and the wide application of the equipment is seriously hindered. Inspired by the phenomenon that the lotus leaves produce sludge without dyeing, the anti-icing research of the bionic super-hydrophobic surface is concerned widely. The Chinese patent CN109762453B discloses a bio-based super-hydrophobic anti-icing coating and a construction method thereof, the super-hydrophobic coating has excellent wear resistance, strength, toughness, corrosion resistance, aging resistance, solvent resistance and other properties, and meanwhile, the coating also has super-hydrophobicity, anti-icing property and certain transparency. The Chinese invention patent CN108658624B discloses a self-heating super-hydrophobic anti-icing material based on a tungsten carbide nanowire array, which is constructed by utilizing the property of the material for absorbing solar energy to generate heat, and has excellent anti-icing and automatic deicing effects. The Chinese patent CN109486269B discloses a super-hydrophobic anti-icing coating for active photo-thermal deicing, a coating, and preparation and application thereof, wherein the anti-icing coating prolongs the icing time of supercooled liquid drops, reduces the adhesion of the surface to ice, rapidly generates heat under the irradiation of near infrared light, achieves the effect of rapid photo-thermal deicing, and realizes the combination of active photo-thermal deicing and passive anti-icing on the surface of the coating. Although the super-hydrophobic anti-icing coating has excellent anti-icing performance, in practical application, the super-hydrophobic anti-icing coating is easy to be changed by low surface energy liquid, corrosive liquid, ultraviolet radiation and the like, so that the surface chemical components and the structure of the material are easy to change, the performance of the super-hydrophobic anti-icing coating is lost, and the super-hydrophobic anti-icing coating cannot be used for a long time.
The super-amphiphobic material also has excellent anti-pollution and anti-icing characteristics, and can overcome the defects of the super-hydrophobic anti-icing material. The utility model discloses a chinese utility model patent CN213331393U discloses a double-deck super-amphiphobic anti-icing wind power blade, super-amphiphobic coating can reduce ice at blade surface adhesive force by a wide margin, reaches the anti-icing effect, becomes traditional passive anti-icing and for initiative anti-icing, and the weatherability is good, reduces the input of manpower, materials and financial resources on preventing icing by a wide margin. The Chinese invention patent CN110982326A discloses an energy-absorbing super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating which has super-amphiphobic, super-self-cleaning, antifouling and anti-icing capabilities. However, the mechanical performance, the super-amphiphobic performance and the anti-icing performance of the current super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating need to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating with a stable multi-scale structure, so as to improve the mechanical property, the super-amphiphobic property and the anti-icing property of the super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating.
Preparation of one-scale and multi-scale structurally stable super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating
The preparation method of the super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating with the multi-scale structure stability comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of microstructured bonding primer
Ultrasonically dispersing the surface epoxidized clay mineral nanoparticles into an organic solvent, then adding a binder and a curing agent, stirring and mixing uniformly, and spraying the mixture on the surface of a base material to form a microstructure bonding bottom layer.
The surface epoxidized clay mineral nano particles are at least one of attapulgite, sepiolite and halloysite subjected to surface epoxy treatment, and the epoxy treatment method comprises the following steps: adding clay mineral nanoparticles into an ethanol-water solution with the pH value of 8-10, performing ultrasonic dispersion, adding gamma-glycidyl ether oxypropyltrimethoxysilane, stirring for reacting for 4-6 hours, centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain epoxidized clay mineral nanoparticles; the mass ratio of the clay mineral nanoparticles to the gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane is 50: 1-10: 1.
The adhesive is bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, the curing agent is phthalic anhydride, the mass ratio of the surface epoxidized clay mineral nanoparticles to the adhesive is 3: 1-1: 3, and the mass ratio of the adhesive to the curing agent is 4: 1-1: 1.
The organic solvent is one of ethyl acetate and butyl acetate.
(2) Preparation of fluorine-containing functional binding factor
Adding allyl epoxy resin and perfluoromercaptan into a tetrahydrofuran solution, uniformly dispersing, adding an initiator, and initiating reaction for 10-30 min under the action of ultraviolet light to obtain a fluorine-containing functional bonding factor solution.
The allyl epoxy resin is diallyl diglycidyl ether, the perfluorinated thiol is perfluorooctyl thiol or perfluorodecyl thiol, and the initiator is 2-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl acetone; wherein the mass ratio of the allyl epoxy resin to the perfluorinated mercaptan is 1: 1-1: 5, and the mass ratio of the allyl epoxy resin to the initiator is 50: 1-10: 1.
(3) Preparing low-surface-energy fluoridated clay mineral nanoparticles: adding clay mineral nano particles into an ethanol-water solution with the pH value of 9-12, adding a silane coupling agent after ultrasonic dispersion, reacting for 4-12 hours at the temperature of 50-80 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain modified clay mineral nano particles; and then adding the modified clay mineral nanoparticles into an ethanol-water solution with the pH value of 2-4, adding perfluoroalkylsilane after ultrasonic dispersion, reacting for 4-12 hours at 50-80 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen to obtain a low-surface-energy fluoridated clay mineral nanoparticle suspension, and then centrifuging and drying the suspension to obtain the low-surface-energy fluoridated clay mineral nanoparticles.
The clay mineral nano particles are at least one of attapulgite, sepiolite and halloysite, the silane coupling agent is one of gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane, aminopropyl trimethoxy silane and isocyanate propyl triethoxy silane, and the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the clay mineral nano particles is 1: 1-3: 1.
The perfluoroalkylsilane is one of perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane, perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane and perfluoropolyether silane, and the mass ratio of the perfluoroalkylsilane to the modified clay mineral nanoparticles is 2: 1-1: 3.
(4) Preparing a multi-scale structure-stable super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating: ultrasonically dispersing the low-surface-energy fluoridated clay mineral nanoparticles into a fluorine-containing functional bonding factor solution, and spraying the low-surface-energy fluoridated clay mineral nanoparticles onto the surface of the microstructure bonding bottom layer in a semi-cured state to obtain the multi-scale structurally stable super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating.
The mass concentration of the low-surface-energy fluoridated clay mineral nano particles in the fluorine-containing functional bonding factor solution is 0.5-5%.
The coating prepared by the method comprises a microstructure bonding bottom layer constructed by surface epoxidized clay mineral and a bonding agent, and a super-amphiphobic surface layer consisting of fluorine-containing functional bonding factors obtained by fluoridation of allyl epoxy resin and high-density graft fluoridated low-surface-energy clay mineral nano particles.
Performance evaluation of super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating
1. Super amphiphobic and anti-icing properties
The contact angle of the coating prepared by the invention to water is more than 158 degrees, and the rolling angle is less than 3 degrees; the contact angle to heptane is greater than 154 deg. and the rolling angle is less than 9 deg.. The icing time can be delayed for more than 1h at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, and the ice adhesion strength of the surface is less than 0.5 kPa.
2. Stability test
The adhesion of the coating was tested to grade 5B using ASTM D3359 Standard Cross cut, and the roll angle of the coating to hexadecane was less than 10 after 100 abrasions at 4.2kPa using 1000 mesh sandpaper.
In conclusion, the super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating prepared by the invention not only has excellent super-amphiphobic performance, but also has the remarkable advantages of excellent mechanical stability and lasting anti-icing performance of the coating, and the like, and can be widely used for icing prevention and control of surfaces of communication lines, fan blades and the like.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
a. Firstly, weighing 100g of attapulgite particles, adding the attapulgite particles into 500ml of ethanol-water solution with the pH value of 8, performing ultrasonic dispersion, adding 2g of gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, stirring for reaction for 4 hours, centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain the epoxidized attapulgite nanoparticles. Secondly, weighing 10g of surface epoxidized attapulgite nano particles, dispersing the surface epoxidized attapulgite nano particles to 100ml of butyl acetate by ultrasonic wave, adding 10g of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and 2.5g of phthalic anhydride, uniformly stirring, and spraying a certain amount of the mixture on the surface of stainless steel to form a microstructure bonding bottom layer.
b. Adding 10g of diallyl diglycidyl ether and 10g of perfluorodecyl mercaptan into 100mL of tetrahydrofuran solution, uniformly dispersing, adding 1g of 2-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl acetone, and initiating reaction for 30min under the action of ultraviolet light to obtain the fluorine-containing functional bonding factor solution.
c. 2.5g of attapulgite nanoparticles were added to ethanol (96 ml) and water (4 ml) at pH 11 and stirred for a period of time. Then 2.5g gamma- (2, 3-epoxy propoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane is slowly dripped into the solution, heated and stirred for 4 hours at 60 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, centrifuged, cleaned and dried. Taking 1.0g of modified attapulgite nanoparticles, adding the modified attapulgite nanoparticles into a solution of ethanol (96 ml) and water (4 ml) with the pH value of 3, adding 2g of perfluorodecyl triethoxysilane, reacting for 4h at the temperature of 60 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen to obtain a low-surface-energy fluorinated attapulgite nanoparticle mixed solution, and then centrifuging and drying the mixed solution to obtain the low-surface-energy fluorinated attapulgite nanoparticles.
d. Ultrasonically dispersing 0.5g of low-surface-energy fluoridized attapulgite nano particles into 50g of fluoridized epoxy resin bonding factor solution to prepare a super-amphiphobic suspension, and spraying the super-amphiphobic suspension on the surface of the micro-structure bonding bottom layer when the micro-structure bonding bottom layer is in a semi-solid state to obtain the multi-scale structure stable super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating.
Evaluation of coating performance: the contact angle of the coating to water is 158 degrees, the roll angle is 3 degrees, the contact angle of heptane is 154 degrees, the roll angle is 8 degrees, the icing delaying time can reach 1h at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, and the ice adhesion strength of the surface is about 0.2 kPa. And (3) stability testing: the adhesion of the coating reaches 5B grade by adopting ASTM D3359 standard grid cutting test, and after the 1000-mesh sand paper is abraded for 100 times under 4.2kPa, the rolling angle of the coating to hexadecane is less than 10 degrees.
Example 2
a. Firstly, weighing 50g of sepiolite nano particles, adding the sepiolite nano particles into 500ml of ethanol-water solution with the pH value of 10, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion, adding 5g of gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, carrying out stirring reaction for 4 hours, centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain the epoxidized sepiolite nano particles. Secondly, weighing 7.5g of surface epoxidized sepiolite nano particles, dispersing the nano particles to 100ml of butyl acetate by ultrasonic, adding 7.5g of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and 2.5g of phthalic anhydride, stirring uniformly, and spraying a certain amount of nano particles to the surface of the stainless steel to form a microstructure bonding bottom layer.
b. Adding 5g of diallyl diglycidyl ether and 10g of perfluorodecyl mercaptan into 100mL of tetrahydrofuran solution, uniformly dispersing, adding 0.5g of 2-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl acetone, and initiating reaction for 30min under the action of ultraviolet light to obtain the fluorine-containing functional bonding factor solution.
c. 2.5g of sepiolite nanoparticles were added to ethanol (96 ml) and water (4 ml) at pH 11 and stirred for a period of time. Then 2.5g aminopropyl trimethoxy silane is slowly dripped into the solution, heated and stirred for 4 hours at 60 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, and then centrifuged, cleaned and dried. Taking 1.0g of modified sepiolite nano particles, adding the modified sepiolite nano particles into a solution of ethanol (96 ml) and water (4 ml) with the pH value of 3, adding 2g of perfluorodecyl triethoxysilane, reacting for 4 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen to obtain a low-surface-energy fluorinated sepiolite nano particle mixed solution, and then centrifuging and drying the mixed solution to obtain the low-surface-energy fluorinated sepiolite nano particles.
d. Ultrasonically dispersing 1.0g of low-surface-energy fluoridized sepiolite nano particles into 50g of fluoridized epoxy resin bonding factors to prepare a super-amphiphobic suspension, and spraying the super-amphiphobic suspension on the surface of a microstructure bonding bottom layer when the microstructure bonding bottom layer is in a semi-solid state to obtain the multi-scale structure stable super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating.
Evaluation of coating performance: the contact angle of the coating to water is 159 degrees, the rolling angle is 1 degree, the contact angle of heptane is 155 degrees, the rolling angle is 6 degrees, the icing delaying time can reach 1.5 hours at minus 30 ℃, and the ice adhesion strength of the surface is about 0.5 kPa. And (3) stability testing: the adhesion of the coating reaches 5B grade by adopting ASTM D3359 standard grid cutting test, and after the 1000-mesh sand paper is abraded for 100 times under 4.2kPa, the rolling angle of the coating to hexadecane is less than 10 degrees.
Example 3
a. Firstly, weighing 50g of halloysite nanoparticles, adding the halloysite nanoparticles into 500ml of ethanol-water solution with pH 8, performing ultrasonic dispersion, adding 5g of gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, stirring for reacting for 4 hours, centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain the epoxidized halloysite nanoparticles. Secondly, weighing 7.5g of surface epoxidized halloysite nanoparticles, ultrasonically dispersing the nanoparticles into 100ml of butyl acetate, adding 2.5g of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and 2.5g of phthalic anhydride, uniformly stirring, and spraying a certain amount of the nanoparticles onto the surface of the aluminum alloy to form a microstructure bonding bottom layer.
b. Adding 10g of diallyl diglycidyl ether and 20g of perfluorooctyl mercaptan into 100mL of tetrahydrofuran solution, uniformly dispersing, adding 0.5g of 2-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl acetone, and initiating reaction for 30min under the action of ultraviolet light to obtain the fluorine-containing functional bonding factor solution.
c. 2.5g halloysite nanoparticles were added to ethanol (96 ml) and water (4 ml) at pH 11 and stirred for a period of time, then 2.5g gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane was slowly added dropwise to the solution, heated under nitrogen at 60 ℃ and stirred for 4h, centrifuged, washed and dried. Adding 3.0g of modified halloysite particles into a solution of ethanol (96 ml) and water (4 ml) with the pH value of 3, adding 1g of perfluorodecyl triethoxysilane, reacting for 10 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen to obtain a low-surface-energy fluoridated halloysite nanoparticle mixed solution, and then centrifuging and drying the mixed solution to obtain the low-surface-energy fluoridated halloysite nanoparticles.
d. Ultrasonically dispersing 2.5g of low-surface-energy fluoridated halloysite nanoparticles into 50g of fluoridated epoxy resin bonding factors to prepare a super-amphiphobic suspension, and spraying the super-amphiphobic suspension on the surface of a microstructure bonding bottom layer when the microstructure bonding bottom layer is in a semi-solid state to obtain the multi-scale structure stable super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating.
Evaluation of coating performance: the contact angle of the coating to water is 160 degrees, the rolling angle is 2 degrees, the contact angle of heptane is 155 degrees, the rolling angle is 7 degrees, the icing delaying time can reach 1.2 hours at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, and the ice adhesion strength of the surface is about 0.5 kPa. And (3) stability testing: the adhesion of the coating reaches 5B grade by adopting ASTM D3359 standard grid cutting test, and after the 1000-mesh sand paper is abraded for 100 times under 4.2kPa, the rolling angle of the coating to hexadecane is less than 10 degrees.
Example 4
a. Firstly, weighing 100g of attapulgite nano particles, adding the attapulgite nano particles into 500ml of ethanol-water solution with the pH value of 8, adding 2g of gamma-glycidyl ether oxypropyl trimethoxy silicon after ultrasonic dispersion, stirring and reacting for 6 hours, centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain the epoxidized attapulgite nano particles. Weighing 2.5g of surface epoxidized attapulgite nano particles, ultrasonically dispersing the surface epoxidized attapulgite nano particles into 100ml of butyl acetate, adding 7.5g of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and 2.5g of phthalic anhydride into the butyl acetate, uniformly stirring, and spraying a certain amount of the mixture on the surface of stainless steel to form a microstructure bonding bottom layer.
b. Adding 10g of diallyl diglycidyl ether and 50g of perfluorooctyl mercaptan into 100mL of tetrahydrofuran solution, uniformly dispersing, adding 0.5g of 2-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl acetone, and initiating reaction for 30min under the action of ultraviolet light to obtain the fluorine-containing functional bonding factor solution.
c. Adding 2.5g attapulgite nano particles into ethanol (96 ml) with pH of 10 and water (4 ml), stirring for a while, then slowly adding 5.0g isocyanate propyl triethoxysilane dropwise into the solution, heating and stirring at 60 deg.C under nitrogen protection for 4h, centrifuging, washing, and drying. Taking 1.0g of modified sepiolite particles, adding the modified sepiolite particles into a solution of ethanol (96 ml) and water (4 ml) with the pH value of 3, adding 1.0g of perfluorodecyl triethoxysilane, reacting for 4 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen to obtain a low-surface-energy fluorinated attapulgite nanoparticle mixed solution, and then centrifuging and drying the mixed solution to obtain the low-surface-energy fluorinated attapulgite nanoparticles.
d. Ultrasonically dispersing 1.5g of low-surface-energy fluorinated attapulgite nano particles into 50g of fluorinated epoxy resin bonding factors to prepare a super-amphiphobic suspension, and spraying the super-amphiphobic suspension on the surface of a microstructure bonding bottom layer when the microstructure bonding bottom layer is in a semi-solid state to obtain the multi-scale structure stable super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating.
Evaluation of coating performance: the contact angle of the coating to water is 159 degrees, the rolling angle is 1 degree, the contact angle of heptane is 155 degrees, the rolling angle is 6 degrees, the icing delaying time can reach 1.5 hours at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, and the ice adhesion strength of the surface is about 0.3 kPa. And (3) stability testing: the adhesion of the coating reaches 5B grade by adopting ASTM D3359 standard grid cutting test, and after the 1000-mesh sand paper is abraded for 100 times under 4.2kPa, the rolling angle of the coating to hexadecane is less than 10 degrees.
Example 5
a. Firstly, weighing 50g of sepiolite nano particles, adding the sepiolite nano particles into 500ml of ethanol-water solution with the pH value of 10, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion, adding 5g of gamma-glycidyl ether oxypropyl trimethoxy silicon, stirring for reaction for 6 hours, centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain the epoxidized sepiolite nano particles. Weighing 7.5g of surface epoxidized sepiolite nano particles, ultrasonically dispersing the nano particles into 100ml of butyl acetate, adding 7.5g of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and 2.5g of phthalic anhydride into the nano particles, uniformly stirring, and spraying a certain amount of nano particles on the surface of stainless steel to form a microstructure bonding bottom layer.
b. Adding 10g of diallyl diglycidyl ether and 10g of perfluorooctyl mercaptan into 100mL of tetrahydrofuran solution, uniformly dispersing, adding 0.5g of 2-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl acetone, and initiating reaction for 30min under the action of ultraviolet light to obtain the fluorine-containing functional bonding factor solution.
1g of sepiolite nanoparticles was added to ethanol (96 ml) and water (4 ml) of pH 11 and stirred for a while, then 3g of isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane was slowly added dropwise to the solution and after stirring for 4h under nitrogen at 60 ℃ centrifugation, washing and drying were carried out. Taking 1.0g of modified sepiolite nano particles, adding the modified sepiolite nano particles into a solution of ethanol (96 ml) and water (4 ml) with the pH value of 3, adding 2.0g of perfluorodecyl trimethoxy silane, reacting for 12 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen to obtain a mixed solution of the low-surface-energy fluorinated sepiolite particles, and then centrifuging and drying the mixed solution to obtain the low-surface-energy fluorinated sepiolite nano particles.
d. And ultrasonically dispersing 0.5g of low-surface-energy fluoridized sepiolite particles into 50g of fluoridized epoxy resin bonding factors to prepare a super-amphiphobic suspension, and spraying the super-amphiphobic suspension on the surface of the microstructure bonding bottom layer when the microstructure bonding bottom layer is in a semi-solid state to obtain the multi-scale structure stable super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating.
Evaluation of coating performance: the contact angle of the coating to water is 160 degrees, the rolling angle is 1 degree, the contact angle of heptane is 155 degrees, the rolling angle is 9 degrees, the icing delaying time can reach 1h at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, and the ice adhesion strength of the surface is about 0.3 kPa. And (3) stability testing: the adhesion of the coating reaches 5B grade by adopting ASTM D3359 standard grid cutting test, and after the 1000-mesh sand paper is abraded for 100 times under 4.2kPa, the rolling angle of the coating to hexadecane is less than 10 degrees.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating with a multi-scale structure stability is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:
(1) preparation of the microstructure bonding bottom layer: adding clay mineral nanoparticles into an ethanol-water solution with the pH value of 8-10, adding gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane after ultrasonic dispersion, stirring for reacting for 4-6 hours, centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain surface epoxidized clay mineral nanoparticles, then ultrasonically dispersing the surface epoxidized clay mineral nanoparticles into an organic solvent, then adding a binder and a curing agent, stirring and mixing uniformly, and spraying the mixture onto the surface of a base material to form a microstructure bonding bottom layer;
(2) preparing a fluorine-containing functional bonding factor: adding allyl epoxy resin and perfluoromercaptan into a tetrahydrofuran solution, uniformly dispersing, adding an initiator, and initiating reaction for 10-30 min under the action of ultraviolet light to obtain a fluorine-containing functional bonding factor solution;
(3) preparing low-surface-energy fluoridated clay mineral nanoparticles: adding clay mineral nano particles into an ethanol-water solution with the pH value of 9-12, adding a silane coupling agent after ultrasonic dispersion, reacting for 4-12 hours at the temperature of 50-80 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, centrifuging, cleaning and drying to obtain modified clay mineral nano particles; adding the modified clay mineral nanoparticles into an ethanol-water solution with the pH value of 2-4, performing ultrasonic dispersion, adding perfluoroalkylsilane, reacting at 50-80 ℃ for 4-12 hours under the protection of nitrogen to obtain a low-surface-energy fluoridated clay mineral nanoparticle suspension, and centrifuging and drying the suspension to obtain the low-surface-energy fluoridated clay mineral nanoparticles;
(4) preparing a multi-scale structure-stable super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating: ultrasonically dispersing the low-surface-energy fluoridated clay mineral nanoparticles into a fluorine-containing functional bonding factor solution, and spraying the low-surface-energy fluoridated clay mineral nanoparticles onto the surface of the microstructure bonding bottom layer in a semi-cured state to obtain the multi-scale structurally stable super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating.
2. The method for preparing the super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating with the multi-scale structure stability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the clay mineral nanoparticles are at least one of attapulgite, sepiolite and halloysite, and the mass ratio of the clay mineral nanoparticles to gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane is 50: 1-10: 1.
3. The method for preparing the super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating with the multi-scale structure stability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the mass ratio of the epoxidized clay mineral nanoparticles to the binder is 3: 1-1: 3.
4. The method for preparing the super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating with the multi-scale structure stability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the binder is bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, the curing agent is phthalic anhydride, and the mass ratio of the binder to the curing agent is 4: 1-1: 1.
5. The method for preparing the super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating with the multi-scale structure stability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the organic solvent is one of ethyl acetate and butyl acetate.
6. The method for preparing the super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating with the multi-scale structure stability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the allyl epoxy resin is diallyl diglycidyl ether, the perfluorothiol is perfluorooctyl mercaptan or perfluorodecyl mercaptan, and the initiator is 2-hydroxy-2-methylphenylacetone; wherein the mass ratio of the allyl epoxy resin to the perfluorinated mercaptan is 1: 1-1: 5, and the mass ratio of the allyl epoxy resin to the initiator is 50: 1-10: 1.
7. The method for preparing the super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating with the multi-scale structure stability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the clay mineral nanoparticles are at least one of attapulgite, sepiolite and halloysite, the silane coupling agent is one of gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane, aminopropyl trimethoxy silane and isocyanate propyl triethoxy silane, and the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the clay mineral nanoparticles is 1: 1-3: 1.
8. The method for preparing the super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating with the multi-scale structure stability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the perfluoroalkylsilane is one of perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane, perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane and perfluoropolyether silane, and the mass ratio of the perfluoroalkylsilane to the modified clay mineral nanoparticles is 2: 1-1: 3.
9. The method for preparing the super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating with the multi-scale structure stability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the mass concentration of the low-surface-energy fluoridated clay mineral nano particles in the fluorine-containing functional bonding factor solution is 0.5-5%.
10. A stable super-amphiphobic anti-icing coating prepared according to the method of any of claims 1-9.
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