CN114573382B - 一种污泥腐殖组分分离及产物综合利用的方法 - Google Patents
一种污泥腐殖组分分离及产物综合利用的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种污泥腐殖组分分离及产物综合利用的方法,涉及有机肥料技术领域,其技术方案要点是:1)将新鲜污泥与干化菌渣混合,混合过程中同时加入微生物菌剂进行发酵,发酵完成后,将物料输入有机肥生产车间存放熟化;2)将熟化发酵后的污泥进行筛分,得到腐殖质含量多的污泥轻组分和泥沙含量多的污泥重组分;3)将步骤2)中得到的污泥轻组分与不同比例的磷酸二氢铵和硫酸钾进行混合均匀,再经过低温干燥制得有机肥料;4)将步骤2)中得到的污泥重组分作为原料与粘结剂混合,得到污泥型多孔轻骨料。采用该方法来处理污泥,可以实现污泥多元化化利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机肥料技术领域,更具体地说,它涉及一种污泥腐殖组分分离及产物综合利用的方法。
背景技术
污泥是污水或给水处理的产物,含水率高达90%以上,它是一种由有机残片、无机颗粒物、胶体、细菌菌体等组成的一种成分极其复杂的非均质体,干污泥有机物含量一般达50.0%~70%,灰分含量是30.0%~50.0%。污泥含有较高的有机质及氮、磷等,也含有一定的重金属及有机污染物,由于城市污泥容量大、不稳定、易腐败、有恶臭,污泥如果处理不当,将造成堆放和排放区周围环境二次污染。此外,将污泥任意施于耕地,会导致农产品污染,土壤受到不可逆转的损害。如何使污泥无害化、资源化和产业化,已成为国内外人们关注的热点问题。
采用污泥发酵制作有机肥及腐殖土是污泥土地利用的一种方式,为植物生长提供了良好的载体,污泥含有丰富的腐植酸,利用污泥生产的有机肥能改良土壤结构、提高土壤养分,但污泥中含有重金属等有害物质,即使处理过的污泥也不适合农用,常选择污泥用作市政绿化、花卉栽培基质。由于污泥含水高达80%以上,不适合有机肥发酵过程中枯草杆菌、酵母菌、固氮菌等其他菌类的繁殖,应先进行预处理脱水。
目前采用的方法有污泥挤压脱水以及加入氯化铁、氧化钙等调理剂调理污泥后压滤脱水等,而加入氯化铁、氧化钙调理污泥后压滤脱水,虽然降低了含水率,但泥饼板结,泥饼孔隙率低,抑制了微生物生长繁殖,延缓堆肥效率,发酵产物不理想,土地化利用率低;此外,污泥深度脱水后形成含水率低的泥饼,可用于生产制砖、陶粒等建材产品,解决了传统建材制作时需要开垦土壤获取黏土的弊端。但是,污泥有机质含量较高,污泥制砖产品质量不稳定,结块易变形及开裂,利用污泥制备陶粒需要1000℃左右的高温,耗能高,从而制约了污泥生产黏土砖、陶粒等建筑材料市场化应用的前景。因此,如何快速污泥脱水发酵及有效的提取污泥中的腐殖质,是亟待解决的问题之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种污泥腐殖组分分离及产物综合利用的方法,采用“污泥高温堆肥发酵-发酵物腐殖质组分分离-腐殖质复合有机肥及植物生长基质生产-污泥型多孔陶粒或轻骨料生产”的方法来处理污泥,实现污泥多元化化利用;通过在污泥中添加适量的干化菌渣吸水,利用快速加热至高温(50~70℃)发酵替代传统的渐进升温堆肥发酵工艺,使污泥中的有害病菌被高温杀死及蒸发水分,缩短发酵时间;通过对堆肥发酵物进行筛选,分成污泥轻组分和污泥重组分,再分别对轻组分和重组分进行资源化利用,通过以上组分分离及其利用,避免了污泥直接堆肥发酵制备有机肥时重金属元素的污染问题,也减少了污泥直接制备黏土砖或空心砖因有机质含量偏高产生的变形问题;采用“污泥堆肥发酵+腐殖质分离+有机肥和轻骨料生产”工艺,扩大了污泥资源化利用的途径,缩短污泥处理周期,设备投资少,节约能源,可大幅度降低污泥处理的成本及增加污泥的利用价值,高温堆肥发酵-腐殖质分离处理后的污泥组分用途广泛,可应用于生产有机肥、植物育苗基质、园林用土、多孔陶粒、轻骨料等,实现了污泥的多元化利用。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:一种污泥腐殖组分分离及产物综合利用的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)将新鲜污泥与干化菌渣混合,混合过程中同时加入微生物菌剂进行发酵,发酵完成后,将物料输入有机肥生产车间存放熟化;
2)将熟化发酵后的污泥进行筛分,得到腐殖质含量达85.0%以上的污泥轻组分和泥沙含量达90%以上的污泥重组分;
3)将步骤2)中得到的污泥轻组分与不同比例的磷酸二氢铵和硫酸钾进行混合均匀,再经过低温干燥制得有机肥料;
4)将步骤2)中得到的污泥重组分作为原料与粘结剂混合,得到污泥型多孔轻骨料。
进一步的,所述步骤1)中的发酵具体步骤是:
S1:开始混合时将发酵物含水率控制在60-70%,48小时内将发酵温度提高至65-70℃,并以该发酵温度持续1-2天;
S2:将发酵温度自然降温至30-35℃,同时发酵物含水率降低至30-40%即完成污泥高温堆肥发酵。
进一步的,所述步骤2)中得到腐殖质含量多的污泥轻组分的具体步骤是:
S1:将熟化发酵后的污泥输入重力分选设备进行筛分,初步分选为含腐殖质多的污泥轻组分和含泥沙多的污泥重组分;
S2:将S1中得出的污泥轻组分输入风力分选设备,进一步分选轻组分中的腐殖质,同时,残留比重大的物料部分纳入S1中得到的污泥重组分中进行资源化利用。
进一步的,所述步骤1)中的新鲜污泥与干化菌渣的混合体积比为9:1。
进一步的,所述步骤3)中有机肥料中N+P2O5+K2O的质量含量≥4%、有机质的质量含量≥35%、腐殖酸的质量含量≥10%、水分的质量含量≤20%,有机肥的PH值为7-7.5。
进一步的,所述步骤4)中污泥型多孔轻骨料生产的具体方法是:
S1:对污泥重组分进行低温干燥处理,使得干燥后的污泥重组分含水率为30-40%;
S2:干燥后的污泥与粘结剂送入搅拌机混合均匀,并送入制粒机造粒,制成粒径为1-2cm的粒料;
S3:将料粒通过低温加热制成球状,得到污泥球;
S4:用包覆材料土对污泥球进行包覆,干燥,即得到污泥型多孔轻骨料。
综上所述,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、采用“污泥高温堆肥发酵-发酵物腐殖质组分分离-腐殖质复合有机肥及植物生长基质生产-污泥型多孔陶粒或轻骨料生产”的方法来处理污泥,实现污泥多元化化利用;
2、通过在污泥中添加适量的干化菌渣吸水,利用快速加热至高温(50~70℃)发酵替代传统的渐进升温堆肥发酵工艺,使污泥中的有害病菌被高温杀死及蒸发水分,缩短发酵时间;
3、通过对堆肥发酵物进行筛选,分成污泥轻组分和污泥重组分,再分别对轻组分和重组分进行资源化利用,通过以上组分分离及其利用,避免了污泥直接堆肥发酵制备有机肥时重金属元素的污染问题,也减少了污泥直接制备黏土砖或空心砖因有机质含量偏高产生的变形问题;
4、采用“污泥堆肥发酵+腐殖质分离+有机肥和轻骨料生产”工艺,扩大了污泥资源化利用的途径,缩短污泥处理周期,设备投资少,节约能源,可大幅度降低污泥处理的成本及增加污泥的利用价值,高温堆肥发酵-腐殖质分离处理后的污泥组分用途广泛,可应用于生产有机肥、植物育苗基质、园林用土、多孔陶粒、轻骨料等,实现了污泥的多元化利用。
具体实施方式
实施例:一种污泥腐殖组分分离及产物综合利用的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)将新鲜污泥与干化菌渣混合,混合过程中同时加入微生物菌剂进行发酵,发酵完成后,将物料输入有机肥生产车间存放熟化;
2)将熟化发酵后的污泥进行筛分,得到腐殖质含量达85.0%以上的污泥轻组分(质量总占比60.0~70.0%)和泥沙含量达90%以上的污泥重组分(质量总占比30.0~40.0%);
3)将步骤2)中得到的污泥轻组分与不同比例的磷酸二氢铵和硫酸钾进行混合均匀,再经过低温干燥制得有机肥料;
4)将步骤2)中得到的污泥重组分作为原料与粘结剂混合,得到污泥型多孔轻骨料;
步骤1)中的发酵具体步骤是:
S1:开始混合时将发酵物含水率控制在60-70%,48小时内将发酵温度提高至65-70℃,并以该发酵温度持续1-2天;
S2:将发酵温度自然降温至30-35℃,同时发酵物含水率降低至30-40%即完成污泥高温堆肥发酵;
上述的发酵过程采用静态仓强制鼓风通风发酵,该发酵方式发酵周期短,占地面积少,水分散失块,发酵均匀且完全;添加干化菌渣可以快速吸收污泥的水分,同时处理了食用菌废弃物,添加物来源广阔、廉价,堆肥工艺简便易行,无害化效果显著,养分损失少,发酵污泥可以直接用于园艺用土。
步骤2)中得到腐殖质含量多的污泥轻组分的具体步骤是:
S1:将熟化发酵后的污泥输入重力分选设备进行筛分,初步分选为含腐殖质多的污泥轻组分和含泥沙多的污泥重组分;
S2:将S1中得出的污泥轻组分输入风力分选设备,进一步分选轻组分中的腐殖质,同时,残留比重大的物料部分纳入S1中得到的污泥重组分中进行资源化利用。
一方面利用污泥含腐殖质多的组分来生产有机肥,另一方面利用污泥含腐殖质少、泥沙含量高的组分来制备轻骨料,能够有效的利用污泥中的腐植酸,提升了污泥的利用价值。
步骤1)中的新鲜污泥与干化菌渣的混合体积比为9:1。
步骤3)中有机肥料中N+P2O5+K2O的质量含量≥4%、有机质的质量含量≥35%、腐殖酸的质量含量≥10%、水分的质量含量≤20%,有机肥的PH值为7-7.5;
采用本发明生产的腐殖质复合肥产品含有作物生长所必需的多种营养元素和活性物质,不仅肥效持久,而且能够增强土壤保水、保肥和通气能力,改善土壤生态环境,提高土壤的缓冲能力,该技术系统性、配套性良好,还具有投资小、能耗低、运行成本低、占地面积适中、操作和维护简便。
步骤4)中污泥型多孔轻骨料生产的具体方法是:
S1:对污泥重组分进行低温干燥处理,使得干燥后的污泥重组分含水率为30-40%;
S2:干燥后的污泥与粘结剂送入搅拌机混合均匀,并送入制粒机造粒,制成粒径为1-2cm的粒料;
S3:将料粒通过低温加热制成球状,得到污泥球;
S4:用包覆材料土对污泥球进行包覆,干燥,即得到污泥型多孔轻骨料;
该轻质骨料生产步骤简单、操作方便、实用性强,增加了资源利用率,生产成本低。
工作原理:采用“污泥高温堆肥发酵-发酵物腐殖质组分分离-腐殖质复合有机肥及植物生长基质生产-污泥型多孔陶粒或轻骨料生产”的方法来处理污泥,实现污泥多元化化利用;通过在污泥中添加适量的干化菌渣吸水,利用快速加热至高温(50~70℃)发酵替代传统的渐进升温堆肥发酵工艺,使污泥中的有害病菌被高温杀死及蒸发水分,缩短发酵时间;通过对堆肥发酵物进行筛选,分成污泥轻组分和污泥重组分,再分别对轻组分和重组分进行资源化利用,通过以上组分分离及其利用,避免了污泥直接堆肥发酵制备有机肥时重金属元素的污染问题,也减少了污泥直接制备黏土砖或空心砖因有机质含量偏高产生的变形问题;采用“污泥堆肥发酵+腐殖质分离+有机肥和轻骨料生产”工艺,扩大了污泥资源化利用的途径,缩短污泥处理周期,设备投资少,节约能源,可大幅度降低污泥处理的成本及增加污泥的利用价值,高温堆肥发酵-腐殖质分离处理后的污泥组分用途广泛,可应用于生产有机肥、植物育苗基质、园林用土、多孔陶粒、轻骨料等,实现了污泥的多元化利用。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释,其并不是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (2)
1.一种污泥腐殖组分分离及产物综合利用的方法,其特征是:具体包括以下步骤:
1)将新鲜污泥与干化菌渣混合,混合过程中同时加入微生物菌剂进行发酵,发酵完成后,将物料输入有机肥生产车间存放熟化;
2)将熟化发酵后的污泥进行筛分,得到腐殖质含量达85.0%以上的污泥轻组分和泥沙含量达90%以上的污泥重组分;
3)将步骤2)中得到的污泥轻组分与不同比例的磷酸二氢铵和硫酸钾进行混合均匀,再经过低温干燥制得有机肥料;
4)将步骤2)中得到的污泥重组分作为原料与粘结剂混合,得到污泥型多孔轻骨料;
所述步骤1)中的发酵具体步骤是:
S1:开始混合时将发酵物含水率控制在60-70%,48小时内将发酵温度提高至65-70℃,并以该发酵温度持续1-2天;
S2:将发酵温度自然降温至30-35℃,同时发酵物含水率降低至30-40%即完成污泥高温堆肥发酵;
所述步骤2)中得到腐殖质含量多的污泥轻组分的具体步骤是:
S1:将熟化发酵后的污泥输入重力分选设备进行筛分,初步分选为含腐殖质多的污泥轻组分和含泥沙多的污泥重组分;
S2:将S1中得出的污泥轻组分输入风力分选设备,进一步分选轻组分中的腐殖质,同时,残留比重大的物料部分纳入S1中得到的污泥重组分中进行资源化利用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种污泥腐殖组分分离及产物综合利用的方法,其特征是:所述步骤4)中污泥型多孔轻骨料生产的具体方法是:
S1:对污泥重组分进行低温干燥处理,使得干燥后的污泥重组分含水率为30-40%;
S2:干燥后的污泥与粘结剂送入搅拌机混合均匀,并送入制粒机造粒,制成粒径为1-2cm的粒料;
S3:将料粒通过低温加热制成球状,得到污泥球;
S4:用包覆材料土对污泥球进行包覆,干燥,即得到污泥型多孔轻骨料。
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