CN114567386B - High-precision channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulation implementation method, system, storage medium and communication system - Google Patents
High-precision channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulation implementation method, system, storage medium and communication system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulating method and system, which designs a complete set of complete high-precision navigation channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulating realization method and process, changes the mode that the traditional channel simulator only supports the pre-defined channel model to drive simulation, and has the capability of externally importing and reproducing various actual physical/user-defined channel characteristics through reasonable process design. The method is also suitable for simulation requirements of external channel amplitude characteristics, frequency characteristics and the like, improves the scene construction capacity of the channel simulator, expands the channel model category supported by the channel simulator, and effectively meets the actual requirements of various users for carrying out signal transceiving tests based on channel simulation equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of navigation channel simulation, in particular to a high-precision channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulating method and system.
Background
The channel simulator is widely applied to the test of various signal receiving and transmitting devices in communication and navigation systems, and simulates a real signal complex transmission channel for butt joint test, so that the signal receiving and transmitting performance of various devices in actual use is evaluated, and the channel simulator is important construction equipment for reproducing a real environment test scene. The general channel simulator device can simulate according to a selectable or preset channel characteristic mathematical model, and drive the device to realize the channel characteristic adjustment of the radio-frequency signal passing through the channel simulator.
However, a default predefined mathematical model of channel characteristics can only represent typical transmission channel characteristics that can be modeled and analyzed, and for various users testing channel characteristics of various links of signal transmission of different application background devices, it is not possible to fully consider and achieve precise equivalence, such as a non-linear distortion channel of a high-power amplifier, a non-ideal channel of a repeater-type analog radio frequency device, and a characteristic custom channel that meets the requirements of a specific user, which are commonly used in practical applications and have individualized difference characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a high-precision channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulating method and system, which can solve the problem that the existing channel simulating device can not completely consider and realize the channel with accurate equivalence and individualized difference characteristics.
According to the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the method for realizing the fitting and simulation of the high-precision channel group delay characteristics comprises the following steps:
s100, constructing a channel simulation flow supporting external channel characteristics or self-defined channel characteristics group delay data import;
s200, formulating a standard data format for importing external data and constraint conditions to be met by key parameters, acquiring external channel characteristics or custom channel characteristic targets, and importing the external data;
s300, extracting the imported external data sampling points according to a data extraction algorithm to obtain model fitting data and precision evaluation data;
s400, approximately fitting the imported group delay characteristic data based on the model fitting data to obtain an expression of a group delay characteristic fitting result model;
s500, according to an evaluation method, considering model fitting data as known and precision evaluation data as unknown, and comparing the model with a group delay characteristic fitting result to carry out comprehensive precision evaluation;
s600, making rules selected by the internal and external models, and then performing matching selection on the internal and external channel group delay characteristic models according to the rules;
s700, according to the selected channel group delay characteristic model, the simulation driving channel simulator carries out group delay characteristic adjustment on the radio frequency signal passing through the channel simulator.
The method for realizing the fitting and simulation of the high-precision channel group delay characteristics according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention at least has the following technical effects: the embodiment of the invention provides a complete set of complete high-precision navigation channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulation realization method and process, changes the mode that the traditional channel simulator only supports the pre-defined channel model to drive simulation, and has the capability of externally importing and reproducing various actual physical/user-defined channel characteristics through high-precision fitting by reasonable process design. The invention is also suitable for simulation requirements of external channel amplitude characteristics, frequency characteristics and the like, improves the scene construction capability of the channel simulator, expands the range of supported channel models, and effectively meets the actual requirements of various users for carrying out signal receiving and transmitting tests based on channel simulation equipment.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the external data import in step S200 is in the form of an array, and the data type is a double-precision floating-point number.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the key parameter in step S200 comprises a channel start frequency f L Channel cut-off frequency f H Sampling point frequency f n The number L of sampling data points and the group delay value tau corresponding to each sampling point n A channel type, where n =1,2, \ 8230;, L; the constraint condition expression that the key parameter needs to satisfy is as follows:
B max ≥f H -f L
where Bmax is the supportable upper limit of the data channel bandwidth.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the specific step of the data extraction algorithm in step S300 is
S301, calculating a time delay change rate value delta between adjacent sampling points n ；
S302, according to the (L-1) time delay change rate values obtained by calculation, finding the minimum value and setting the minimum value as the mth value;
s303, extracting the group delay value tau m Corresponding sampling point f m As a precision evaluating data section, based on the extracted sampling point f m Recalculating the time delay change rate delta by the later residual sampling points n-1 ；
S304, obtaining (L-2) time delay change rates delta according to the calculation n-1 If the minimum value is found to be the kth, the group delay value tau is extracted k Corresponding sampling point f k As a precision evaluation data section, the delay change rate Δ is recalculated based on the remaining sampling points n-2 ；
And S305, repeating the steps S302-S304 until the extraction and classification of the model fitting data and the precision evaluation data are completed according to the set proportion.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the inter-sample time delay variation rate value Δ in step S301 n Is expressed as
Wherein f is n ，τ n Representing the frequency and time delay values, f, of the nth sample point n-1 ，τ n-1 Representing the frequency and time delay values of the (n-1) th sample point.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the step S400 is specifically performed by
S401, modeling the actual group delay characteristic functionType fitting data g (f) n1 ) Performing N-order Fourier expansion in (-B/2, B/2) to obtain approximate result function F (F) n1 ) Then approximating the result function F (F) n1 ) Fitting data g (f) to the model n1 ) Making a difference to obtain a residual component h (f) n1 )；
S402, utilizing effective inflection point value to measure residual error component h (f) n1 ) Carrying out segmentation interval division;
s403, starting calibration from the first extreme point, if the frequency interval between the next extreme point and the previous extreme point is smaller than the judgment interval, discarding the extreme point, dividing the interval by taking two end points of the residual error component and each extreme point as the interval end points, searching inflection points in each interval, and taking the minimum inflection point value as an effective inflection point value;
s404, performing piecewise polynomial fitting on the residual error component according to the segmented interval after division by using the calibrated effective inflection point value to obtain a residual error component fitting result H (f) n1 )；
S405, fitting residual components to a result H (f) n1 ) And Fourier approximation result F (F) n1 ) Adding to obtain a complete group delay characteristic fitting result model expression g * (f n1 )。
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the search range for finding the inflection point in step S403 is 25% -75% of the region of the interval center.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the step S500 is specifically performed by
S501, evaluating an error between a group delay characteristic fitting result and a known sampling point: fitting the group delay characteristic to a result g * (f n1 ) Fitting data part g (f) to the model n1 ) Making difference between them to obtain the fitting error absolute value d (f) of known sampling point n1 )，d(f n1 ) Is expressed as
d(f n1 )＝|g * (f n1 )-g(f n1 )|；
S502, evaluating the error between the group delay characteristic fitting result and an unknown sampling point on the same frequency point: the accuracy evaluation data g (f) to be treated as unknown points n2 ) All corresponding samplesFrequency point f n2 Expression g of data-in group delay characteristic fitting result * (f n1 ) Obtaining a group delay characteristic result g corresponding to the frequency matching of the unknown point * (f n2 ) G is mixing * (f n2 ) And fitting the data part g (f) n2 ) Taking the absolute value of the difference between the two values to obtain the matching error d (f) of the unknown sampling point n2 )，d(f n2 ) Is expressed as
d(f n2 )＝|g * (f n2 )-g(f n2 )|；
S503, judging fitting accuracy: setting a fitting precision threshold value D, carrying out joint evaluation on known sampling points and unknown sampling points, and if any sampling point contained in the known sampling points and the unknown sampling points meets the following expression:
d(f n1 )≤D
d(f n2 )≤D
judging that the group delay characteristic fitting result model accords with a fitting error judgment threshold, and judging the precision of the group delay characteristic fitting result model according to the combined fitting sampling point coverage rate of the known sampling point and the unknown sampling point;
s504, available judgment and iteration of the fitting model: and if the accuracy judgment of the group delay characteristic fitting result model is unavailable, returning to the step S400, improving the first order on the basis of the original fitting, performing N +1 order Fourier expansion, and continuing the subsequent steps until the accuracy judgment of the group delay characteristic fitting result model obtained in the step S503 is available.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the specific step in the step S700 is
S701, connecting radio frequency signals required to be input and output by a test object with a channel simulator through a radio frequency cable;
s702, operating channel simulator simulation control software, setting a channel simulation scene to acquire a simulation object, a channel model and a link relation, and selecting an internal channel model and an external channel model;
s702, starting channel simulation control, completing the simulation implementation of channel group delay characteristics according to external channel characteristics or custom channel characteristics, and outputting radio frequency signals superposed with corresponding channel characteristics.
The high-precision channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulating system comprises a channel simulation hardware platform and simulation control software, wherein the simulation control software comprises
The external interface module is used for inputting parameter configuration and scene selection setting and importing a data file;
the external interface module is connected with the data extraction module and used for extracting external imported data into model fitting data and precision evaluation data according to a data extraction algorithm;
the data extraction module is connected with the characteristic fitting module and used for completing high-precision channel characteristic fitting calculation according to model fitting data and generating a group delay characteristic fitting result model expression obtained by fitting external data;
the characteristic fitting module is connected with the precision evaluating module and is used for taking a model fitting data part as a known point and taking a precision evaluating data part as an unknown point according to a data fitting result and carrying out precision evaluation on a fitting model expression obtained by fitting based on an evaluation algorithm;
the precision evaluation module is connected with the model matching module, and the model matching module is used for analyzing various channel models predefined in the interior and channel models obtained by fitting external data and performing adaptive matching;
the model matching module is connected with the parameter calculating module, the parameter calculating module is used for carrying out simulation operation and calculating to obtain fast-changing parameters required by channel characteristic simulation, and the parameter calculating module is connected with a channel simulation hardware platform and used for inputting the fast-changing parameters;
the operation control module is connected with the external interface module and used for pouring external input parameters, and the operation control module is respectively connected with the model matching module and the channel simulation hardware platform and used for generating and outputting an operation control instruction;
the channel simulation hardware platform is used for receiving operation control instructions and various fast-changing parameters from simulation control software, accessing external input radio frequency signals, implementing channel simulation operation and outputting external radio frequency signals.
The method for realizing the fitting and simulation of the high-precision channel group delay characteristic according to the embodiment of the second aspect of the invention at least has the following technical effects: the embodiment of the invention provides a complete set of complete high-precision navigation channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulation realization method and process, changes the mode that the traditional channel simulator only supports the predefined channel model to drive simulation, and has the capability of externally importing and reproducing various actual physical/user-defined channel characteristics in a high-precision fitting manner through reasonable process design. The invention is also suitable for simulation requirements of external channel amplitude characteristics, frequency characteristics and the like, improves the scene construction capability of the channel simulator, expands the range of supported channel models, and effectively meets the actual requirements of various users for carrying out signal receiving and transmitting tests based on channel simulation equipment.
According to the third aspect of the present invention, the computer readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing the computer to execute the above-mentioned high-precision channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulation implementation method.
The method for realizing the fitting and simulation of the high-precision channel group delay characteristic according to the third aspect of the invention at least has the following technical effects: the embodiment of the invention provides a complete set of complete high-precision navigation channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulation realization method and process, changes the mode that the traditional channel simulator only supports the predefined channel model to drive simulation, and has the capability of externally importing and reproducing various actual physical/user-defined channel characteristics in a high-precision fitting manner through reasonable process design. The invention is also suitable for simulation requirements of external channel amplitude characteristics, frequency characteristics and the like, improves the scene construction capability of the channel simulator, expands the range of supported channel models, and effectively meets the actual requirements of various users for carrying out signal receiving and transmitting tests based on channel simulation equipment.
A communication system according to an embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present invention includes:
at least one processor;
and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, the computer program being executable by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the above-mentioned high-precision channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulation implementation method.
The method for realizing the fitting and simulation of the high-precision channel group delay characteristic according to the fourth aspect of the invention at least has the following technical effects: the embodiment of the invention provides a complete set of complete high-precision navigation channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulation realization method and process, changes the mode that the traditional channel simulator only supports the pre-defined channel model to drive simulation, and has the capability of externally importing and reproducing various actual physical/user-defined channel characteristics through high-precision fitting by reasonable process design. The invention is also suitable for simulation requirements of external channel amplitude characteristics, frequency characteristics and the like, improves the scene construction capability of the channel simulator, expands the range of supported channel models, and effectively meets the actual requirements of various users for carrying out signal receiving and transmitting tests based on channel simulation equipment.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for implementing high-precision navigation channel characteristic fitting and simulation in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a high-accuracy channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulation system in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of high-precision fitting of externally-introduced channel group delay characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality of means is one or more, the meaning of a plurality of means is two or more, and larger, smaller, larger, etc. are understood as excluding the present number, and larger, smaller, inner, etc. are understood as including the present number. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.
The channel simulator obtains a simulation object, a channel model and a link relation based on the setting of a simulation scene, the channel model description object mainly comprises an ionosphere, a troposphere, multipath fading, an antenna, a radio frequency channel, power amplification and other links related to signal transmission, and the objects are all selectable by different classical mathematical models and used for calculating various signal power, frequency, time delay, phase and other characteristic related fast-changing parameters required by channel simulation. Considering that a plurality of users test the channel characteristics of each link of signal transmission of different application background equipment, individualized difference characteristics exist, various preset mathematical models cannot achieve complete consideration and accurate equivalence, a channel simulator needs to be provided with an openable data import interface, different types of external non-ideal channel characteristics and custom channel characteristics meeting the requirements of the users are imported and fitted to obtain corresponding mathematical models, the mathematical models are equivalently used with various predefined mathematical models, and the functions of supporting external import and achieving high-precision channel simulation are achieved.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for implementing high-precision channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulation includes the following steps:
s100, constructing a channel simulation flow supporting external channel characteristics or self-defined channel characteristics group delay data import;
s200, formulating a standard data format for importing external data and constraint conditions required to be met by key parameters, acquiring external channel characteristics or custom channel characteristic targets, importing the external data, and acquiring an imported data channel bandwidth;
s300, extracting the imported data sampling points according to a data extraction algorithm to obtain model fitting data and precision evaluation data;
s400, performing approximate fitting on the imported group delay characteristic data based on the model fitting data to obtain an expression of a group delay characteristic fitting result model;
s500, according to a preset evaluation method, considering model fitting data as known and precision evaluation data as unknown, and comparing the model with a group delay characteristic fitting result to carry out comprehensive precision evaluation;
s600, making rules selected by the internal and external models, and then performing matching selection on the internal and external channel group delay characteristic models according to the rules;
and S700, according to the selected channel group delay characteristic model, the simulation driving channel simulator carries out group delay characteristic adjustment on the radio frequency signal passing through the channel simulator.
The method comprises the following steps of supporting an external import flow architecture design link, and constructing a channel simulation flow supporting external channel characteristics or self-defined channel characteristics group delay data import; a step of importing a data standard format and parameter design, formulating a standard data format for importing external data and constraint conditions required to be met by key parameters, acquiring external channel characteristics or custom channel characteristic targets, importing the external data, and acquiring an imported data channel bandwidth; importing a data sampling point extraction grouping design link, and dividing the imported data into a model fitting data part (accounting for about 90% -95%) and a precision evaluation data part (accounting for about 5% -10%) according to a set extraction algorithm; a high-precision group delay characteristic fitting design step, which is to perform Fourier decomposition approximate fitting on the model fitting data part, perform segmented second-order polynomial fitting based on a least square method on a difference curve generated by Fourier decomposition, and add the result to obtain an introduced group delay characteristic high-precision fitting result model expression; in the step of fitting precision automatic evaluation and iterative design, according to a data fitting result, the model fitting data part is used as a known point, the precision evaluation data part is used as an unknown point, and fitting precision evaluation is carried out based on a set evaluation algorithm; the matching design link of the internal and external channel models is to judge the matching condition of the internal and external channel models on the premise that the fitting model meets the requirement through the precision evaluation result, support the mechanism design of optional implementation and be used for supporting the user to carry out specific combination selection operation implementation on the models; the channel characteristic simulation realization process link design is an operation control process for specifically implementing a channel simulation process, and is used for driving equipment to perform specific operation implementation according to a selected channel model. The method comprises the following specific steps:
s100, a channel simulation flow supporting external channel characteristic or custom channel characteristic group delay data import is constructed, the step is used for channel group delay characteristic parameter import, and the step related to group delay characteristic operation in the link is replaced by amplitude characteristic operation and can be used for channel amplitude characteristic parameter import.
S200, mainly finishing making a standard data format for external data import and declaring and defining related key parameters, specifically comprising the following steps:
s201 external data import adoptionThe data type is double-precision floating point (float), the file format is a text of txt, and the upper limit of the supportable channel bandwidth is Bmax. The relevant key parameters mainly include the channel start frequency f L (in MHZ), channel cut-off frequency f H (unit MHZ), sample point frequency f n (unit MHZ) where n =1,2, \ 8230;, L, the number of sampling data points L (unit 1), each corresponding to a group delay value τ n (in ns), the channel type (including ionosphere, troposphere, multipath, antenna, radio frequency, power amplifier, others, etc.) needs to be declared. The above standard data format and the definition of the key parameter are only examples, and in practical design implementation, other data formats and parameter definition forms may be adopted, and are not limited to group delay characteristic parameter introduction, and may also be used for introducing parameters such as amplitude characteristic and frequency characteristic.
S202, mutual relation agreement among the parameters. The above related key parameter setting needs to satisfy a specific constraint condition, and the expression is as follows:
B max ≥f H -f L
wherein the parameters in the above formula are the same as defined in step S201. The relevant key parameters meeting the constraint conditions can be matched with relevant operations and data check in the subsequent import process.
And S203, acquiring an external channel characteristic or a custom channel characteristic target. For the object of the external channel target, measuring the channel group delay characteristic by using instrument equipment such as a vector network analyzer, a high-speed oscilloscope and the like; for the user-defined channel characteristic object, matlab or other mathematical software can be used for generating user-defined data. Thereby obtaining a time delay characteristic sampling point function g (f) of the lead-in channel group n ) And carrying out standardization processing according to the defined standard data format, and adding a key parameter declaration definition at the same time, thereby obtaining a data file which can be imported into the channel simulator.
And S204, importing external data operation. Operating channel simulator simulation control software, clicking user-defined characteristic options, selecting to load data files in a formulated file directory, checking data format and parameter definition after data import is finished, popping up 'data format is not consistent' if the data format is in accordance with requirements, giving a specific prompt, and finishing loading if the data format is in accordance with requirements.
S205, acquiring the bandwidth of the imported data channel. And further automatically calculating and acquiring the channel bandwidth B according to the definition of the key parameters, wherein the expression is as follows:
B＝f H -f L
the channel bandwidth B is used in subsequent data fitting operations.
S300, extracting the imported data sampling points according to a data extraction algorithm to obtain model fitting data and precision evaluation data, and mainly comprising the following steps of:
and S301, importing data sampling point classification. In order to conveniently and effectively evaluate the precision of a channel model expression obtained by subsequent fitting, external import data is defined as g (f) n ) Extracted as model fitting data g (f) n1 ) And accuracy evaluation data g (f) n2 ) Two parts, model fitting data part g (f) n1 ) Treating the data as known data, simulating to generate a channel model expression, and simultaneously performing known data check evaluation on the precision of the fitting model expression obtained by fitting, wherein the precision evaluates a data part g (f) n2 ) And taking the fitting model expression obtained by fitting as an unknown data point in precision evaluation, and carrying out comparison evaluation.
And S302, importing a data sampling point extraction method. The channel group delay characteristic has fluctuation, in order to reference effective fluctuation information as much as possible during fitting and improve fitting precision, the magnitude of a delay change rate value between adjacent sampling points is used as a judgment basis, the larger change rate value indicates that the fluctuation is larger, the effective information content of the sampling points is high, the effective information content is classified as a model fitting data part, the larger change rate value indicates that the fluctuation is smaller, the effective information content of the sampling points is low, and the effective information content is classified as precision evaluation data. The above-mentioned time delay change rate value between sampling points is implemented according to group time delay value between adjacent sampling points and its frequency intervalOperation, rate of change of delay delta n The expression is as follows:
in the formula f n ，τ n Representing the frequency and time delay values, f, of the nth sample point n-1 ，τ n-1 Representing the frequency and delay values of the (n-1) th sampling point, the delay change rate delta n And the method is used for judging the amplitude of the time delay characteristic fluctuation between adjacent sampling points.
And S303, setting a data extraction algorithm. According to the (L-1) time delay change rates obtained by calculation, finding the minimum value of the time delay change rates, assuming that the minimum value is the mth time delay change rate, and expressing the following expression:
minΔ n ＝min{Δ 1 ,Δ 2 ,…Δ n }＝Δ m
then the group delay value tau is extracted m Corresponding sampling point f m As the accuracy evaluation data portion, the frequency points corresponding to the remaining all sampling points are expressed as follows:
{f 1 ,f 2 ,…f m-1 ,f m+1 …f n }
recalculating the time delay change rate delta according to the residual sampling points n-1 Due to the group delay value tau m Corresponding sampling point f m The point has been extracted, when f m-1 And f m+1 Are adjacent sample points. At this time, the delay change rate Δ m As follows:
other rate of change of delay delta n-1 The point calculation method remains unchanged. (L-2) delay change rates delta obtained by calculation n-1 If the minimum value is found to be the kth, the group delay value tau is extracted k Corresponding sampling point f k As a precision evaluation data section, the delay change rate Δ is recalculated based on the remaining sampling points n-2 ……；
S304, extracting and classifying the model fitting data and the precision evaluation data according to a set proportion. And setting the proportion of partial data points of fitting data of the extraction ratio target model, and taking 90% as an example, then setting the proportion of partial data points of the precision evaluation data to be 10%.
Assuming that the number of frequency points corresponding to the extracted model fitting data part is n1, and the sampling frequencies are respectively f n1 The number of frequency points corresponding to the accuracy evaluation data part is n2, and the sampling frequencies are f n2 The natural numbers n1 and n2 and the total sampling point number L satisfy the following expression:
L＝n1+n2
the extracted model fitting data part can be expressed as g (f) n1 ) The accuracy evaluation data part may be expressed as g (f) n2 ). Repeating the minimum finding and extracting process of step S304 until g (f) is satisfied n2 ) The data points account for 10%, and the non-extracted sample points are all classified as g (f) n1 ) Data points account for 90%.
S400, performing approximate fitting on the imported group delay characteristic data based on the model fitting data to obtain an expression of the group delay characteristic fitting result model, as shown in fig. 3, the method mainly includes the following steps:
s401, fitting the model of the actual group delay characteristic function to a data part g (f) n1 ) Performing N-order Fourier expansion in (-B/2, B/2) to obtain approximate result function F (F) n1 ). Approximation result F (F) due to Gibbs effect generated by Fourier decomposition n1 ) And g (f) n1 ) The residual error between the two has certain fluctuation, so the two are subtracted to obtain a residual error component h (f) n1 ) The expression of (a) is as follows:
wherein, a i And b i Is Fourier coefficient, i =1,2, \ 8230;, N, a 0 Is the initial coefficient.
S402, carrying out segmentation interval division on the residual error component by using the effective inflection point value. Considering that in an actual process, due to measurement conditions, interference and the like, local small-range fluctuation exists in a difference value curve, namely, a plurality of extreme points exist, under the condition of N-order Fourier decomposition, in order to avoid influence of the local small-range fluctuation on subsequent segmentation interval selection, extreme point calibration needs to be carried out on a residual error component. Combining the part from the leftmost end to the first extreme point and the part from the last extreme point to the rightmost end of the difference curve into one segment, and dividing the whole difference curve into 2N +1 segments when adjacent extreme points are respectively one segment, wherein the judgment interval delta expression is as follows:
wherein k is a decimal number between 0 and 1, and is generally between 0.7 and 0.9.
And S403, starting calibration from the first extreme point, if the frequency interval between the next extreme point and the previous extreme point is smaller than the judgment interval, discarding the extreme point, dividing intervals by taking two end points of the residual component and each extreme point as interval end points, searching inflection points in each interval, taking the minimum inflection point value as an effective inflection point value, and recommending the search range for searching the inflection points to be a 25-75% area of the center of the interval. For different residual components and different Fourier decomposition orders, the search interval can be properly widened by 5% of gradient, and each interval is guaranteed to find an inflection point.
And S404, performing piecewise polynomial fitting on the residual error component according to the segmented interval after division by using the calibrated effective inflection point value. The segmentation interval end points are two end points of the residual component and each effective inflection point, the interval number is 2N +2, quadratic polynomial fitting is carried out in each interval, and 2N +2 order polynomial fitting equations of the residual component are obtained as follows:
wherein H (f) n1 ) Fitting a function, k, to a polynomial i,j Is the fitting coefficient, i =1, \8230;, 2N +2; j =0,1,2.
S405, fitting residual components to a result H (f) n1 ) And Fourier approximation result F (F) n1 ) Adding to obtain complete group delay characteristic fitting result g * (f n1 ) The expression is as follows:
s500, according to a preset evaluation method, considering model fitting data as known and precision evaluation data as unknown, and comparing a group delay characteristic fitting result model for comprehensive precision evaluation, the method mainly comprises the following steps:
s501, evaluating an error between the group delay characteristic fitting result and a known sampling point. The above result g * (f n1 ) Fitting the data part g (f) to the model n1 ) Making difference between them to obtain the fitting error absolute value d (f) of known sampling point n1 ) The expression is as follows:
d(f n1 )＝|g * (f n1 )-g(f n1 )|
and S502, evaluating the error between the group delay characteristic fitting result and an unknown sampling point on the same frequency point. Because of the group delay characteristic fitting result g * (f n1 ) The accuracy evaluation data g (f) to be treated as unknown points is a continuous model function of the known expression n2 ) Corresponding all sampling frequency points f n2 Data substitution expression g * (f n1 ) That is, the group delay characteristic result g corresponding to the unknown point frequency matching can be obtained * (f n2 ) The expression is as follows:
it is fitted to the data part g (f) n2 ) The absolute value of the difference is obtained, and the matching error d (f) of the unknown sampling point can be obtained n2 ) The expression is as follows:
d(f n2 )＝|g * (f n2 )-g(f n2 )|
and S504, a fitting precision judging method. Setting a fitting precision threshold value D, carrying out joint evaluation on known sampling points and unknown sampling points, and if any sampling point contained in the known sampling points and the unknown sampling points meets the following expression:
d(f n1 )≤D
d(f n2 )≤D
then the sampling point is considered to be in accordance with the fitting error judgment threshold, and the total number of the sampling points which meet the requirement is assumed to be L 0 Then the sampling point coverage rate S is defined as:
where L is the total number of sample points. G obtained in the step S405 can be subjected to the coverage rate of the fitted sampling points according to the combination of the known sampling points and the unknown sampling points * (f n1 ) And judging the fitting precision.
And S503, judging and iterating the fitting model. To combine d (f) n1 ) Determining the fitting accuracy of the known sampling points and combining d (f) n2 ) Judging the fitting matching precision of unknown sampling points, and automatically judging the group delay characteristic fitting result g according to the set joint precision judgment requirement of the known points and the unknown points * (f n1 ) If the data is unavailable, returning to the step S401, increasing the first order on the original basis, performing N +1 order Fourier expansion, and continuing the subsequent steps until the group delay characteristic fitting result g in the step S503 is obtained * (f n1 ) Until available; if available, continue to the next step. The group delay characteristic fitting method is explained by using a complete implementation example, the accuracy of the group delay measurement corresponding to the vector network analyzer is 0.1ns, 401 sampling points are subjected to difference value piecewise fitting under 3-order Fourier decomposition, the result shows that the absolute value of the difference between 399 fitting points and the sampling points is less than 0.1ns, the coverage rate of the sampling points is 99.5%, and the requirement of an internal predefined fitting error condition is met.
S600, making rules for selecting the internal and external models, and then performing matching selection of the internal and external channel group delay characteristic models according to the rules, wherein the method mainly comprises the following steps:
and S601, performing type matching analysis on the internal and external channel models. In the internal and external channel model, channels of the same type are mutually exclusive when users configure, only one channel can be selected, and different types have no conflict with each other. The result after the software automatic analysis can be displayed on an operation interface selected by the channel model for the user to click and use, and the internal and external channel models with conflicting types do not support simultaneous selection.
And S602, matching and selecting strategy support for the internal and external channel models. The method supports that the original channel model of the same type is only used for bypassing the fitting result model, or different types of original channels and the fitting result model are used in series, or only partial types of internal and external channel models are selected for bypassing other types of internal and external channel models.
S603, the user selects the internal and external channel models according to the test requirement and the support strategy of the step S602. After the selection is finished, the external import channel characteristic model of the channel simulator is immediately and automatically imported into a background operation process for calculating various quick change parameters required by the change of the channel characteristic.
S700, according to the selected channel group delay characteristic model, the simulation driving channel simulator adjusts the group delay characteristic of the radio frequency signal passing through the channel simulator, and the method mainly comprises the following steps:
and S701, connecting the radio frequency signals required to be input and output by the test object with the channel simulator through a radio frequency cable, and providing peripheral conditions such as a power supply source, a time frequency signal and the like necessary for the equipment to work.
S702, operating simulation control software of a channel simulator, setting a channel simulation scene to obtain a simulation object, a channel model and a link relation, wherein the channel model description object mainly comprises an ionosphere, a troposphere, multipath fading, an antenna, a radio frequency channel, power amplification and other links related to signal transmission, the objects are available for selection of different classical mathematical models and are used for calculating various fast-changing parameters related to characteristics such as signal power, frequency, time delay, phase and the like required by channel simulation, an internal channel model and an external channel model are selected by self according to the support strategy in the step S602, and other necessary parameters for the operation of channel simulation equipment are set synchronously.
S702, starting channel simulation control, completing the simulation implementation of channel group delay characteristics according to external channel characteristics or custom channel characteristics, and outputting radio frequency signals superposed with corresponding channel characteristics.
Referring to fig. 2, the invention further discloses a high-precision channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulation system, which comprises a channel simulation hardware platform and simulation control software, wherein the simulation control software comprises an external interface module, a data extraction module, a characteristic fitting module, a precision evaluation module, a model matching module, a parameter calculation module, an operation control module and the like. The external interface module is mainly used for completing necessary parameter configuration and scene selection setting access of user setting input, external imported data file access and the like; the data extraction module mainly extracts externally imported data into a model fitting data part and a precision evaluation data part according to a set algorithm; the characteristic fitting module completes high-precision channel characteristic fitting calculation according to the model fitting data part and generates a fitting model expression obtained by fitting external data; the precision evaluation module evaluates the fitting precision in two parts, takes the model fitting data part as a known point and the precision evaluation data part as an unknown point according to the data fitting result, and carries out precision evaluation on the fitting model expression obtained by fitting based on a set evaluation algorithm; the model matching module mainly comprises a channel model obtained by analyzing various channel models predefined in the interior and fitting external data, and is used for carrying out adaptive matching so as to be selected, configured and used by a user; the parameter calculation module carries out simulation operation according to the setting of the channel model module, and calculates to obtain various fast-changing parameters required by channel characteristic simulation; the operation control module mainly completes generation of various operation control instructions and the like required by operation of simulation control software and a channel simulation hardware platform.
The channel simulation hardware platform receives an operation control instruction and various fast-changing parameters from simulation control software, accesses an external input radio frequency signal, implements channel simulation operation, and outputs an external radio frequency signal.
The invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer instructions for causing the computer to execute the high-precision channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulation implementation method.
A readable storage medium may be used to store non-transitory software programs, non-transitory computer-executable programs, and modules, such as program instructions/modules corresponding to the control methods in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
One or more modules are stored in a storage medium and when executed by one or more processors perform a high-precision channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulation implementation method.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes in the methods according to the embodiments described above may be implemented by hardware instructed by a computer program, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, may include the processes of the embodiments of the control methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-only memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a flash memory (FlashMemory), a hard disk (hard disk drive, abbreviated as HDD) or a Solid State Drive (SSD), etc.; the storage medium may also comprise a combination of memories of the kind described above.
It should be noted that the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions and that, although a logical order is illustrated in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than presented herein.
The invention also relates to a communication system comprising:
at least one processor;
and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, and the computer program is executed by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the method for implementing group delay characteristic fitting and simulation with high accuracy.
The method can also comprise the following steps: an input device and an output device.
The processor, memory, input device, and output device may be connected by a bus or other means.
The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU). The processor may also be other general purpose processors, digital Signal Processors (DSPs), application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or a combination thereof. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
The memory, which is a computer-readable storage medium, may be used to store non-transitory software programs, non-transitory computer-executable programs, and modules, such as program instructions/modules corresponding to the control methods in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The processor executes various functional applications and data processing of the server by running the non-transitory software programs, instructions and modules stored in the memory, that is, the method for implementing the high-precision channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulation of the above method embodiments is implemented.
The memory may include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an application program required for at least one function; the storage data area may store data created according to use of a processing device operated by the server, and the like. Further, the memory may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory optionally includes memory located remotely from the processor, and these remote memories may be connected to the network connectivity devices through a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.
The input means may receive input numeric or character information and generate key signal inputs related to user settings and function control of the processing means of the server. The output device may include a display device such as a display screen.
It should be noted that the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions and that, although a logical order is illustrated in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than presented herein.
Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.
The invention designs a complete set of complete high-precision navigation channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulation realization method and process, changes the mode that the traditional channel simulator only supports the pre-defined channel model to drive simulation, and has the capability of externally importing and reproducing various actual physical/user-defined channel characteristics through high-precision fitting by reasonable process design. The method is also suitable for the simulation requirement of the amplitude characteristic of the external channel, improves the scene construction capability of the channel simulator, expands the range of the channel model supported by the channel simulator, and effectively meets the actual requirement of various users for carrying out signal receiving and transmitting tests based on channel simulation equipment.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for realizing high-precision channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, constructing a channel simulation flow supporting external channel characteristics or self-defined channel characteristics group delay data import;
s200, formulating a standard data format for importing external data and constraint conditions to be met by key parameters, acquiring external channel characteristics or custom channel characteristic targets, and importing the external data;
s300, extracting the imported external data sampling points according to a data extraction algorithm to obtain model fitting data and precision evaluation data;
s400, performing approximate fitting on the imported group delay characteristic data based on the model fitting data to obtain an expression of a group delay characteristic fitting result model;
s500, according to the evaluation method, considering model fitting data as known and precision evaluation data as unknown, and comparing the model with the group delay characteristic fitting result to carry out comprehensive precision evaluation;
s600, making rules selected by the internal and external models, and then performing matching selection on the internal and external channel group delay characteristic models according to the rules;
s700, according to the selected channel group delay characteristic model, simulating and driving a channel simulator to adjust the group delay characteristic of the radio-frequency signal passing through the channel simulator;
the key parameter in step S200 includes a channel start frequency f L Channel cut-off frequency f H Sampling point frequency f n The number L of sampling data points and the corresponding group delay value tau of each sampling point n A channel type, where n =1,2, \ 8230;, L; the constraint condition expression that the key parameter needs to satisfy is as follows:
B max ≥f H -f L
wherein Bmax is the supportable upper limit of the data channel bandwidth;
the specific steps of the data extraction algorithm in step S300 are
S301, calculating time delay variation between adjacent sampling pointsRate of change value Δ n ；
S302, according to the (L-1) time delay change rate values obtained by calculation, finding the minimum value and setting the minimum value as the mth value;
s303, extracting the group delay value tau m Corresponding sampling point f m As a precision evaluating data section, based on the extracted sampling point f m Recalculating the time delay change rate delta by the later residual sampling points n-1 ；
S304, obtaining (L-2) time delay change rates delta according to the calculation n-1 If the minimum value is found to be the kth, the group delay value tau is extracted k Corresponding sampling point f k As the accuracy evaluation data part, the time delay change rate delta is recalculated according to the residual sampling points n-2 ；
S305, repeating the steps S302-S304 until the extraction and classification of model fitting data and precision evaluation data are completed according to a set proportion;
the specific step of the step S400 is
S401, fitting data g (f) of model of actual group delay characteristic function n1 ) Performing N-order Fourier expansion in (-B/2, B/2) to obtain approximate result function F (F) n1 ) Then approximating the result function F (F) n1 ) Fitting data g (f) to the model n1 ) Making a difference to obtain a residual component h (f) n1 )；
S402, utilizing effective inflection point value to compare residual error component h (f) n1 ) Carrying out segmentation interval division;
s403, starting calibration from the first extreme point, if the frequency interval between the next extreme point and the previous extreme point is smaller than the judgment interval, discarding the extreme point, dividing the interval by taking two end points of the residual error component and each extreme point as the interval end points, searching inflection points in each interval, and taking the minimum inflection point value as an effective inflection point value;
s404, performing piecewise polynomial fitting on the residual error component according to the segmented interval after division by using the calibrated effective inflection point value to obtain a residual error component fitting result H (f) n1 )；
S405, fitting residual components to a result H (f) n1 ) Result F (F) of Fourier approximation n1 ) Phase (C)Adding to obtain a complete group delay characteristic fitting result model expression g * (f n1 )；
The specific step of the step S500 is
S501, evaluating an error between a group delay characteristic fitting result and a known sampling point: fitting the group delay characteristic to a result g * (f n1 ) Fitting the data part g (f) to the model n1 ) Making difference between them to obtain the fitting error absolute value d (f) of known sampling point n1 )，d(f n1 ) Is expressed as
d(f n1 )＝|g * (f n1 )-g(f n1 )|；
S502, evaluating the error between the group delay characteristic fitting result and an unknown sampling point on the same frequency point: the accuracy evaluation data g (f) to be treated as unknown points n2 ) Corresponding all sampling frequency points f n2 Expression g of data-in-group delay characteristic fitting result * (f n1 ) Obtaining the group delay characteristic result g corresponding to the unknown point frequency matching * (f n2 ) G is mixing * (f n2 ) And fitting the data part g (f) n2 ) Taking the absolute value of the difference between the two values to obtain the matching error d (f) of the unknown sampling point n2 )，d(f n2 ) Is expressed as
d(f n2 )＝|g * (f n2 )-g(f n2 )|；
S503, judging fitting accuracy: setting a fitting precision threshold value D, carrying out joint evaluation on known sampling points and unknown sampling points, and if any sampling point contained in the known sampling points and the unknown sampling points meets the following expression:
d(f n1 )≤D
d(f n2 )≤D
determining that the sampling point coverage rate accords with a fitting error judgment threshold, and judging the precision of a group delay characteristic fitting result model according to the combined fitting sampling point coverage rate of a known sampling point and an unknown sampling point;
s504, available judgment and iteration of the fitting model: if the accuracy judgment of the group delay characteristic fitting result model is unavailable, returning to the step S400, improving the first order on the basis of the original fitting, performing N +1 order Fourier expansion, and continuing the subsequent steps until the accuracy judgment of the group delay characteristic fitting result model obtained in the step S503 is available;
the specific step of the step S600 is
S601, performing type matching analysis on the internal and external channel models;
s602, matching and selecting strategy support for internal and external channel models;
s603, the user selects the internal and external channel models according to the test requirement and the support strategy of the step S602.
2. The method for implementing the fitting and simulation of the group delay characteristics of the high-precision channels according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S200, the external data is imported in an array form, and the data type is a double-precision floating point number.
3. The method for implementing the fitting and simulation of the group delay characteristics of the high-precision channels according to claim 1, wherein: the value of the time delay change rate Δ between the sampling points in the step S301 n Is expressed as
Wherein f is n ，τ n Representing the frequency and time delay values, f, of the nth sample point n-1 ，τ n-1 Representing the frequency and time delay values of the (n-1) th sample point.
4. The method for implementing the fitting and simulation of the group delay characteristics of the high-precision channels according to claim 1, wherein: the search range for finding the inflection point in the step S403 is 25% -75% of the area of the center of the interval.
5. The method for implementing the fitting and simulation of the group delay characteristics of the high-precision channels according to claim 1, wherein: the specific step in the step S700 is
S701, connecting radio frequency signals required to be input and output by a test object with a channel simulator through a radio frequency cable;
s702, operating channel simulator simulation control software, setting a channel simulation scene to acquire a simulation object, a channel model and a link relation, and selecting an internal channel model and an external channel model;
s702, starting channel simulation control, completing the simulation implementation of channel group delay characteristics according to external channel characteristics or custom channel characteristics, and outputting radio frequency signals superposed with corresponding channel characteristics.
6. A high-precision channel group delay characteristic fitting and simulation system for executing the method of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a channel simulation hardware platform and simulation control software, wherein the simulation control software comprises
The external interface module is used for inputting parameter configuration and scene selection setting and importing a data file;
the external interface module is connected with the data extraction module and used for extracting external import data into model fitting data and precision evaluation data according to a data extraction algorithm;
the data extraction module is connected with the characteristic fitting module and used for completing high-precision channel characteristic fitting calculation according to model fitting data and generating a group delay characteristic fitting result model expression obtained by fitting external data;
the characteristic fitting module is connected with the precision evaluating module and is used for taking a model fitting data part as a known point and taking a precision evaluating data part as an unknown point according to a data fitting result and carrying out precision evaluation on a fitting model expression obtained by fitting based on an evaluation algorithm;
the precision evaluation module is connected with the model matching module, and the model matching module is used for analyzing various channel models predefined in the interior and channel models obtained by fitting external data and performing adaptive matching;
the model matching module is connected with the parameter calculating module, the parameter calculating module is used for carrying out simulation operation and calculating to obtain fast-changing parameters required by channel characteristic simulation, and the parameter calculating module is connected with a channel simulation hardware platform and used for inputting the fast-changing parameters;
the operation control module is connected with the external interface module and used for pouring external input parameters, and the operation control module is respectively connected with the model matching module and the channel simulation hardware platform and used for generating and outputting an operation control instruction;
the channel simulation hardware platform is used for receiving operation control instructions and various fast-changing parameters from simulation control software, accessing external input radio frequency signals, implementing channel simulation operation and outputting external radio frequency signals.
7. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for causing the computer to execute the method for implementing the fitting and simulation of high-precision group delay characteristics of channels according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
8. A communication system, comprising:
at least one processor;
and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, the computer program being executable by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the high accuracy group delay characteristic fitting and simulation implementation method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
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