CN114565320A - Micro-grid power distribution method based on block chain - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to block chain and distributed microgrid power allocation, in order to protect the privacy data of both parties of power transaction and the hardware security of a power transmission network, the microgrid power allocation method based on the block chain is characterized in that firstly, an information network based on a block chain technology is established, the information network comprises a super node for identity verification and block chain management and a slave node representing all parties of power sale and utilization, and the following steps are executed on the information network: (1) the user will initiate a transaction; (2) peripheral users give power selling or purchasing price according to the deviation value of the total power supply quantity/power consumption quantity; (3) the super node collects the quoted prices of all bidders; (4) the user's bid and offer are settled based on a double auction mechanism; (5) auction or auction result modification; (6) all users settle the accounts according to the settlement price. The invention is mainly applied to the occasions of power distribution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to block chain and distributed micro-grid power allocation, in particular to a micro-grid power allocation method based on block chains.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid growth and application of distributed energy sources in smart grids, such as rooftop photovoltaic panels and energy storage, new management schemes are needed to control these distributed energy sources. Distributed optimization has been extensively studied to coordinate the distributed energy problem of power systems, providing an acceptable alternative to solving complex optimization problems for power systems with large numbers of distributed energy and energy trades. The method can carry out optimization management on the power system, thereby reducing the power cost of a power grid operator, improving the use level of a power grid user, and improving the balance requirement and the key service level of local renewable resource supply. Management schemes for distributed energy in low voltage networks typically assume that the operation of the distributed energy is centrally managed by an aggregator, a cooperating utility, or a microgrid operator. However, these centralized schemes suffer from scalability issues when the number of distributed energy sources is large. Furthermore, they are generally not accepted by the home due to limited economic incentives and privacy concerns. In optimal economic dispatching, part of centralized control schemes consider the low-voltage power grid constraint by solving an optimal power flow problem besides considering the distributed energy operation constraint. Solving the optimal power flow problem optimizes the network power flow on the premise of ensuring that system constraints are not violated.
The blockchain is a novel technology applying modes of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, a consensus mechanism, an encryption algorithm and the like, can utilize a unidirectional chain data structure to verify and store data, utilize a distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, utilize a cryptographic mode to ensure the safety of data transmission and access, utilize an intelligent contract consisting of automatic script codes to program and operate data, and is closely and relatively applied to data sharing, data use safety and the like.
Therefore, the blockchain technology is widely applied to the aspect of data storage and exchange, and industries with various requirements in this respect, such as finance, insurance, payment systems, and the like, start to apply the blockchain technology and are also applied in more fields, and the smart grid technology is just one example.
The micro-grid is a small power generation and distribution system which is composed of a distributed power supply, an energy storage device, an energy conversion device, a load, a monitoring and protecting device and the like. The distributed power supply grid-connected system realizes flexible and efficient application of the distributed power supply and solves the problem of grid connection of the distributed power supply with large quantity and various forms. The development and extension of the micro-grid can fully promote the large-scale access of distributed power sources and renewable energy sources, realize the high-reliability supply of various energy source types of loads, and is an effective mode for realizing an active power distribution network, so that the traditional power grid is transited to a smart power grid. In the smart grid, due to the access of a large amount of distributed energy, each user can be a power consumer or a power seller, but in a traditional power transaction mode, power consumption information of all people is stored in a centralized server, and real identity information of the users is also stored, so that the leakage of the power consumption information of the users is easily caused, and meanwhile, a large amount of power transactions also provide challenges for the safety of a traditional power transmission network.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a microgrid power allocation transaction method based on a block chain, which is used for protecting private data of both parties of a power transaction and hardware safety of a power transmission network. Therefore, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a block chain-based microgrid power distribution method comprises the steps of firstly establishing an information network based on a block chain technology, wherein the information network comprises super nodes for identity verification and block chain management and slave nodes representing power selling and using parties, and the following steps are executed on the information network: (1) each user in the power distribution network has own power utilization and power generation plan, when the actual power utilization or power generation amount of the user deviates from the plan, the user initiates a transaction, and if the power supply is excessive, the user sells redundant power; if the power consumption is excessive, the user purchases power, so that the user is helped to eliminate the power utilization deviation value; (2) peripheral users receive the transaction request, calculate the total deviation of the power supply and demand of the power distribution network, and give out electricity selling or electricity purchasing quotations according to the deviation value of the total power supply quantity/power consumption quantity; (3) the super node collects the quotations of all bidders and sorts the quotation sets, and the effective quotations of the power supplier are sorted from low to high under the market of the buyer; in the seller market, effective quotes of the electricity users are ranked from high to low; (4) the user's bids and offers are settled based on a double auction mechanism: first, placing bids/offers to buyers/sellers based on a double auction mechanism; secondly, sequentially matching bids and offers based on a double auction mechanism until the highest bid is lower than the lowest bid, wherein the clearing price is the average price of the buyer and the seller; (5) calculating the power distribution network load flow according to the power transmission and distribution coefficient, determining an auction result through security check if an overrun condition does not exist; if the auction result is limited, the auction result is corrected, and for each branch in the radial distribution network, the tidal flow flows from the upstream of the line to the downstream of the line, so that the probability that each branch has a forward trend is only present; (6) after the safety check is finished, each bidding/quotation user adjusts the power consumption of the bidding/quotation user according to the safety check result, the multilateral transaction settlement between trading bodies is completed, and all users settle the settlement according to the settlement price.
After the user passes the registered account in the authentication, only one piece of authentication information does not contain the real identity information of the user in the account; recording the current state of the block chain in real time in the block chain nodes so as to be convenient for recovering from any node when the super node is damaged; only the super node has the right of modifying the block chain, and the user node can only inquire the self transaction record; when the optimal power flow problem is calculated, the super nodes and the user nodes perform alternate calculation and exchange calculation results of the super nodes and the user nodes, and the user nodes do not expose power utilization information of the user nodes in the calculation process.
The node A, B represents electricity purchasing and selling users in the block chain respectively, and the super node is a node which is set up by the electric power service provider for monitoring the block chain and manages the block chain; based on the situation, the user node carries out transaction application and quotation to the super node according to the self power consumption condition, after identity verification is obtained, the super node broadcasts the transaction application, the power selling user carries out verification after receiving the broadcast, the self quotation is provided after the verification is passed, the super node regularly matches the quotation in the market, finally, the average price is used for clearing the power to obtain a preliminary transaction scheme, according to the preliminary transaction scheme, the super node informs the user node of the calculation result, the user node solves the optimal power flow problem according to the self power consumption information, reports the calculation result to the super node, and finally, the power flow scheme meeting the safety requirement of the power transmission network is obtained by repeatedly carrying out the operation. If the optimal trend problem is not solved, the transaction scheme is not feasible, the scheme is rejected, and the transaction is matched again.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
(1) solving the electric power transaction result by using a multiplier exchange direction method, and verifying the safety of the scheme; meanwhile, the power utilization information of the user is protected in an alternate iteration mode, so that the safety of the private data of the user in the block chain can be ensured; (2) compared with a common electric power transaction method with participation of a third party, the method enables the transaction process to be more convenient, quicker and safer through the intelligent contract skills of the block chain.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a micro-grid power trading method based on a block chain, which is used for protecting private data of both parties of the power trading and hardware safety of a power transmission network.
The introduction of blockchain technology is well solved for such problems, and blockchain uses many measures to protect private data of users in blockchain nodes. Taking the most famous application bitcoin of the blockchain as an example, the user can obtain an anonymous effect by cutting off the connection between the transaction user and the real identity of the user. So although the account addresses of both parties to the transaction can be seen for each transfer record, it cannot be mapped to a particular person in the real world.
Meanwhile, after a temporary trading scheme is obtained, the network power flow is optimized on the premise of ensuring that system constraints are not violated by solving the optimal power flow problem. In this field, one of the most common methods to solve the dispersion optimization problem is the alternating direction method of the multiplier. The method is based on a decomposition coordination process allowing to define local subproblems for each node in the low voltage network or microgrid. The solutions of these local sub-problems are coordinated to solve a large global problem for the entire network.
The object of the invention is achieved by the following technical measures.
A microgrid power transaction method based on a block chain is characterized in that an information network based on the block chain technology is firstly established, the information network comprises super nodes used for identity verification and block chain management, and slave nodes A, B representing power selling and using parties, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) each user in the distribution network has its own power usage and generation schedule. When the user's actual power usage or power generation deviates from the schedule, the user will initiate a transaction. If the power supply is excessive, the user may sell the excess power. If the power consumption is excessive, the user can purchase the power; (2) peripheral users receive the transaction request, calculate the total deviation of the power supply and demand of the power distribution network, and give out electricity selling or electricity purchasing quotations according to the deviation value of the total power supply quantity/power consumption quantity; (3) the super node collects the bids of all bidders and sorts the set of bids. In the market of the buyer, effective quotations of the power supplier are sorted from low to high; in the seller market, effective quotes of the electricity users are ranked from high to low; (4) the user's bids and offers are settled based on a double auction mechanism. First, the mechanism places bids/offers to buyers/sellers. Second, the mechanism matches bids and offers in order until the highest bid is lower than the lowest bid. Clearing price is the average price of both parties; (5) and calculating the power flow of the power distribution network according to the power transmission and distribution coefficient. Determining the auction result through security check if the out-of-limit condition does not exist; if the auction result is limited, the auction result is corrected, and for each branch in the radial distribution network, the tidal flow flows from the upstream of the line to the downstream of the line, so that the probability that each branch has a forward trend is only present; (6) after the safety check is finished, each bidding/quotation user adjusts the power consumption of the bidding/quotation user according to the safety check result, the multilateral transaction settlement between trading bodies is completed, and all users settle the settlement according to the settlement price.
In the above scheme, after the user passes the identity authentication through the registered account, only one piece of authentication information does not contain the real identity information of the user.
In the above scheme, the current state of the block chain is recorded in real time in the block chain node, so that when the super node is damaged, the super node can be recovered from any node.
In the scheme, only the super node has the right of modifying the block chain, and the user node can only inquire the self transaction record.
In the above scheme, the user node may be implemented in a PC, a mobile terminal, or the like, and the super node may be implemented by setting up a server, or the like.
When the optimal power flow problem is calculated, the super nodes and the user nodes perform alternate calculation and exchange calculation results of the super nodes and the user nodes, and the user nodes do not expose power utilization information of the user nodes in the calculation process.
To this end, users based on blockchains can conduct electricity transactions in a safe and fair environment, and can timely reject transaction schemes when the transaction schemes do not meet the safety standards of the power transmission network.
In the method of the invention, the node A, B represents electricity purchasing and selling users in the block chain respectively, and the super node is a node which is erected by a power service provider for monitoring the block chain and manages the block chain. Based on the situation, the invention provides a new method, the method comprises the steps that a user node carries out transaction application and quotation to a super node according to the self power utilization condition, after identity verification is obtained, the super node broadcasts the transaction application, a power selling user carries out verification after receiving the broadcast, the self quotation is provided after the verification is passed, the super node matches the quotation in the market at regular time, and finally carries out liquidation on electric power by using average price to obtain a preliminary transaction scheme, according to the preliminary transaction scheme, the super node informs the user node of the calculation result, the user node solves the optimal power flow problem according to the self power utilization information and reports the calculation result to the super node, and through repeated operation, the power flow scheme meeting the safety requirement of a power transmission network is obtained. If the optimal trend problem is not solved, the transaction scheme is not feasible, the scheme is rejected, and the transaction is matched again.
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments. (note: the specific case is only for better explaining the present invention, and the present invention is not only applicable to the following case.) as shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a microgrid power transaction method based on a block chain, which first constructs an information network based on a block chain technology, where this information network includes supernodes for identity verification and managing block chains, and slave nodes A, B representing electricity selling and consuming parties, and the method includes the following steps: (1) each user in the distribution network has its own power usage and generation schedule. When the user's actual power usage or power generation deviates from the schedule, the user will initiate a transaction. If the power supply is excessive, the user may sell the excess power. If the power consumption is excessive, the user purchases power. The user A finds that the power consumption demand of the user A is larger than the power generation capacity of the user A, and applies for purchase to surrounding users; (2) the peripheral user B receives the transaction request, calculates the total supply and demand deviation of the power distribution network, and gives out electricity sale or electricity purchase price according to the deviation value of the total power supply quantity/power consumption quantity; (3) the super node collects the bids of all bidders and sorts the set of bids. In the market of the buyer, effective quotations of the power supplier are sorted from low to high; in the seller market, effective quotes of the electricity users are ranked from high to low; (4) the user's bids and offers are settled based on a double auction mechanism. First, the mechanism places bids/offers to buyers/sellers. Second, the mechanism matches bids and offers in order until the highest bid is lower than the lowest bid. The clearing price is the average price of the buyer and the seller, the transaction applications of the user A and the user B are matched, and the transaction is carried out according to the same clearing price; (5) and the super node and the user node calculate the power flow of the power distribution network according to the power transmission and distribution coefficient. Determining the auction result through security check if the out-of-limit condition does not exist; if there is a limit, the auction results will be revised; (6) after the safety check is finished, each bidding/quotation user adjusts the power consumption of the bidding/quotation user according to the safety check result, the multilateral transaction settlement between trading bodies is completed, and all users settle the settlement according to the settlement price.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A block chain-based microgrid power allocation method is characterized by firstly building an information network based on a block chain technology, wherein the information network comprises super nodes for identity verification and block chain management and slave nodes representing power selling and using parties, and the following steps are executed in the information network: (1) each user in the power distribution network has own power utilization and power generation plan, when the actual power utilization or power generation amount of the user deviates from the plan, the user initiates a transaction, and if the power supply is excessive, the user sells redundant power; if the power consumption is excessive, the user purchases power, so that the user is helped to eliminate the power utilization deviation value; (2) peripheral users receive the transaction request, calculate the total deviation of the power supply and demand of the power distribution network, and give out electricity selling or electricity purchasing quotations according to the deviation value of the total power supply quantity/power consumption quantity; (3) the super node collects the quotations of all bidders and sorts the quotation sets, and the effective quotations of the power supplier are sorted from low to high under the market of the buyer; in the seller market, effective quotes of the electricity users are ranked from high to low; (4) the user's bids and offers are settled based on a double auction mechanism: first, placing bids/offers to buyers/sellers based on a double auction mechanism; secondly, sequentially matching bids and offers based on a double auction mechanism until the highest bid is lower than the lowest bid, wherein the clearing price is the average price of the buyer and the seller; (5) calculating the power distribution network load flow according to the power transmission and distribution coefficient, determining an auction result through security check if an overrun condition does not exist; if the auction result is limited, the auction result is corrected, and for each branch in the radial distribution network, the tidal flow flows from the upstream of the line to the downstream of the line, so that the probability that each branch has a forward trend is only present; (6) after the safety check is finished, each bidding/quotation user adjusts the power consumption of the bidding/quotation user according to the safety check result, the multilateral transaction settlement between trading bodies is completed, and all users settle the settlement according to the settlement price.
2. The microgrid power distribution method based on block chains as claimed in claim 1, wherein after a user passes identity verification and registers an account, only one piece of verification information exists in the account and does not contain real identity information of the user; recording the current state of the block chain in real time in the block chain nodes so as to be convenient for recovering from any node when the super node is damaged; only the super node has the right of modifying the block chain, and the user node can only inquire the self transaction record; when the optimal power flow problem is calculated, the super nodes and the user nodes perform alternate calculation and exchange calculation results of the super nodes and the user nodes, and the user nodes do not expose power utilization information of the user nodes in the calculation process.
3. The microgrid power distribution method based on a block chain as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nodes A, B represent electricity purchasing and selling users in the block chain respectively, and the super node is a node erected by a power service provider for supervising the block chain and managing the block chain; based on the situation, the user node carries out transaction application and quotation to the super node according to the self power consumption condition, after identity verification is obtained, the super node broadcasts the transaction application, the power selling user carries out verification after receiving the broadcast, the self quotation is provided after the verification is passed, the super node regularly matches the quotation in the market, finally, the average price is used for clearing the power to obtain a preliminary transaction scheme, according to the preliminary transaction scheme, the super node informs the user node of the calculation result, the user node solves the optimal power flow problem according to the self power consumption information, reports the calculation result to the super node, and finally, the power flow scheme meeting the safety requirement of the power transmission network is obtained by repeatedly carrying out the operation. If the optimal trend problem is not solved, the transaction scheme is not feasible, the scheme is rejected, and the transaction is matched again.
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| CN117474531A (en) * | 2023-12-27 | 2024-01-30 | 他山互联网科技(三明)有限公司 | Renewable resource industry service system based on block chain |
| CN117474531B (en) * | 2023-12-27 | 2024-03-19 | 他山互联网科技(三明)有限公司 | Renewable resource industry service system based on block chain |
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