CN114563753B - Method, device, equipment and computer readable storage medium for detecting power failure of electric energy meter - Google Patents
Method, device, equipment and computer readable storage medium for detecting power failure of electric energy meter Download PDFInfo
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- CN114563753B CN114563753B CN202110390167.3A CN202110390167A CN114563753B CN 114563753 B CN114563753 B CN 114563753B CN 202110390167 A CN202110390167 A CN 202110390167A CN 114563753 B CN114563753 B CN 114563753B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R35/04—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass of instruments for measuring time integral of power or current
Abstract
The application provides a method, a device, equipment and a computer-readable storage medium for detecting power failure of an electric energy meter; the method is applied to the power-down detection circuit of the electric energy meter, and the power-down detection circuit of the electric energy meter is in communication connection with the processor; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring detection voltage acquired by an alternating current signal sampling module in the processor according to a preset acquisition frequency; processing the detection voltages to obtain the lowest effective voltages, and arranging the lowest effective voltages according to the acquisition sequence of the respective detection voltages to form an effective voltage sequence; if zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence, acquiring target effective voltages between adjacent zero crossing points, and counting the voltage sum of the target effective voltages; and comparing the voltage sum with a preset reference voltage to obtain a voltage comparison result, and outputting a power-down prompt according to the voltage comparison result. According to the application, the detection voltage is acquired according to the preset acquisition frequency for processing and analysis, so that the power failure detection rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power failure detection of electric energy meters, in particular to a power failure detection method, a device, equipment and a computer readable storage medium of an electric energy meter.
Background
In the prior art, the power-down detection of the electric energy meter mainly depends on a processor (MCU for short, english full name: microcontroller Unit), specifically, a power supply monitoring circuit is arranged in the MCU or a power supply comparator is arranged on an IO interface of the MCU to perform the power-down detection of the electric energy meter; for example, implementation one: detecting the direct current output voltage of an alternating current/direct current circuit, and after detecting that the voltage is lower than a set voltage, informing an MCU (micro control Unit) of being in a power-down state, wherein the power-down detection mode takes the normal direct current output voltage of the alternating current/direct current circuit as an example, and 10V set by the detection voltage as an example, and when detecting that power down, the energy of an electrolytic capacitor on the direct current output is lost by 0.5 x (12 x 2-10 x 2) joules; the implementation mode II is as follows: the voltage is measured by a metering chip as a voltage for power failure detection, for example: when the measured voltage is lower than 220 x 0.7V, the MCU is informed to be in a power-down state, the update speed of the voltage effective value of the metering chip is generally 200-500ms under the normal condition, the MCU is informed to carry out power-down processing after 200-500ms delay after power-down occurs, and when the condition of quick power-down occurs, the metering chip cannot detect a voltage zero crossing signal and does not output the voltage effective value any more, so that power-down detection delay is caused.
The current processor performs power failure detection by detecting the output end of the power supply circuit, the power failure time detected by the power failure detection method is relatively late, so that the power failure protection time is relatively short, namely, after the power supply is disconnected and input, the time for outputting the power to the system normally is relatively short, thus the problem that the standby power supply is possibly not timely connected, or the standby battery is undervoltage, or the data backup is not timely, and finally, the problem that the data storage is unreliable or the power failure protection such as state confusion is not timely is caused can be finally caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a method, a device, equipment and a computer readable storage medium for detecting power failure of an electric energy meter, and aims to solve the technical problem that the existing electric energy meter is delayed in power failure detection time, so that power failure protection is not timely.
On the one hand, the application also provides a power-down detection method of the electric energy meter, which is applied to a power-down detection circuit of the electric energy meter, and the power-down detection circuit of the electric energy meter is in communication connection with a processor;
the power failure detection method of the electric energy meter comprises the following steps:
acquiring detection voltage acquired by an alternating current signal sampling module in the processor according to a preset acquisition frequency;
Processing the detection voltages to obtain the lowest effective voltages, and arranging the lowest effective voltages according to the acquisition sequence of the respective detection voltages to form an effective voltage sequence;
if zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence, acquiring target effective voltages between adjacent zero crossing points, and counting the voltage sum of the target effective voltages;
and comparing the voltage sum with a preset reference voltage to obtain a voltage comparison result, and outputting a power-down prompt according to the voltage comparison result.
In some embodiments of the application, the preset acquisition frequency is set according to an alternating current frequency;
the preset reference voltage is determined according to the rated alternating current voltage of the electric energy meter and the tolerance coefficient, and the preset reference voltage is the product of the rated alternating current voltage of the electric energy meter and the tolerance coefficient.
In some embodiments of the present application, the processing the detected voltages to obtain the lowest effective voltages, and arranging the lowest effective voltages according to the acquisition order of the respective detected voltages to form an effective voltage sequence includes:
acquiring a reference voltage output by a voltage output module in the processor;
and subtracting half of the reference voltage from the detection voltage to obtain the lowest effective voltage, and arranging the lowest effective voltages according to the acquisition sequence of the respective detection voltages to form an effective voltage sequence.
In some embodiments of the present application, the processing the detected voltages to obtain the lowest effective voltages, and arranging the lowest effective voltages in the acquisition order of the respective detected voltages, and after forming the effective voltage sequence, the method includes:
judging whether two least effective voltages which are opposite in direction and adjacent exist in the effective voltage sequence or not;
if two least effective voltages which are opposite in direction and adjacent to each other exist in the effective voltage sequence, judging that zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence;
and if the two adjacent lowest effective voltages with opposite directions do not exist in the effective voltage sequence, judging that zero crossing points do not exist in the effective voltage sequence.
In some embodiments of the present application, the comparing the sum of voltages with a preset reference voltage to obtain a voltage comparison result, and outputting a power-down prompt according to the voltage comparison result, including:
acquiring the peak voltage or the effective voltage of the zero line or the live line, setting a preset reference voltage according to the peak voltage or the effective voltage, and comparing the sum of the voltages with the preset reference voltage;
if the sum of the voltages is larger than the preset reference voltage, continuously monitoring;
And if the sum of the voltages is smaller than or equal to the preset reference voltage, outputting a power-down prompt.
In some embodiments of the present application, the processing the detected voltages to obtain the lowest effective voltages, and arranging the lowest effective voltages in the acquisition order of the respective detected voltages, and after forming the effective voltage sequence, the method includes:
and if the zero crossing point does not exist in the effective voltage sequence at the preset time interval, outputting a power-down prompt.
In some embodiments of the present application, the acquiring the detection voltage acquired by the ac signal sampling module in the processor according to the preset acquisition frequency includes:
acquiring a clock signal sent by a timer in the processor;
and taking the frequency of the clock signal as a preset acquisition frequency, and acquiring detection voltage according to the preset acquisition frequency.
On the other hand, the application also provides a power-down detection device of the electric energy meter, wherein the power-down detection device of the electric energy meter is arranged on a processor, the processor is in communication connection with a power-down detection circuit of the electric energy meter, and the power-down detection device of the electric energy meter comprises:
the detection acquisition module is used for acquiring detection voltage acquired by the alternating current signal sampling module in the processor according to a preset acquisition frequency;
The processing sequencing module is used for processing the detection voltages to obtain the lowest effective voltages, and arranging the lowest effective voltages according to the acquisition sequence of the respective detection voltages to form an effective voltage sequence;
the voltage statistics module is used for acquiring target effective voltages between adjacent zero crossing points if zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence, and counting the voltage sum of each target effective voltage;
and the comparison output module is used for comparing the voltage sum with a preset reference voltage to obtain a voltage comparison result, and outputting a power-down prompt according to the voltage comparison result.
On the other hand, the application also provides electric energy meter power failure detection equipment, which comprises:
the electric energy meter power-down detection circuit;
one or more processors;
a memory; and
the structure of the power-down detection circuit of the electric energy meter is as described above;
one or more applications, wherein the one or more applications are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor to implement the power meter power loss detection method described above.
In another aspect, the present application further provides a computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, where the computer program is loaded by a processor to perform the steps in the method for detecting a power failure of an electric energy meter.
The method is applied to the power-down detection circuit of the electric energy meter, and the power-down detection circuit of the electric energy meter is in communication connection with the processor; the alternating current signal sampling module in the processor acquires detection voltages according to a preset acquisition frequency which is multiple times of the alternating current frequency, a plurality of detection voltages are acquired in one alternating current period, zero crossing points in a detection voltage sequence are determined by processing the plurality of detection voltages, voltages between two adjacent zero crossing points are analyzed, so that whether the electric energy meter is powered down in a half waveform period of the alternating current is determined, specifically, the detection voltages are converted into the lowest effective voltages, and the lowest effective voltages are arranged according to the acquisition sequence of the respective detection voltages to form an effective voltage sequence; if zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence, acquiring target effective voltages between adjacent zero crossing points, and counting the voltage sum of each target effective voltage; the voltage sum is compared with the preset reference voltage to obtain a voltage comparison result, and whether the electric energy meter is powered down or not is determined according to the comparison result.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a specific schematic diagram of a power failure detection circuit of an electric energy meter in power failure detection equipment of the electric energy meter according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for detecting power failure of an electric energy meter according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of a power failure detection circuit of the electric energy meter in the power failure detection method of the electric energy meter provided in the embodiment of the application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a power failure detection device of an electric energy meter according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a power failure detection device for an electric energy meter according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be encompassed by the present application.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present application, the term "exemplary" is used to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment described as "exemplary" in this disclosure is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the application. In the following description, details are set forth for purposes of explanation. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present application may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the description of the application with unnecessary detail. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.
The embodiment of the application provides a method, a device, equipment and a computer readable storage medium for detecting power failure of an electric energy meter, which are respectively described in detail below.
The electric energy meter power failure detection method is based on an electric energy meter power failure detection circuit, the electric energy meter power failure detection method is applied to an electric energy meter power failure detection device, the electric energy meter power failure detection circuit is a part of the electric energy meter power failure detection device, the electric energy meter power failure detection device is arranged on electric energy meter power failure detection equipment, one or more processors, a memory and one or more application programs are arranged in the electric energy meter power failure detection equipment, wherein the one or more application programs are stored in the memory and are configured to be executed by the processor to realize the electric energy meter power failure detection method; the power-down detection device of the electric energy meter can be a detection terminal.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a specific schematic diagram of an electric energy meter power failure detection circuit in an electric energy meter power failure detection device according to an embodiment of the present application, where an electric energy meter power failure detection device 100 is integrated in the electric energy meter power failure detection device 100, and a computer readable storage medium corresponding to electric energy meter power failure detection is operated in the electric energy meter power failure detection device 100 to execute a step of electric energy meter power failure detection.
It can be understood that the device included in the power-down detection apparatus of the electric energy meter in fig. 1 does not limit the embodiments of the present invention, that is, the number of devices and the types of devices included in the power-down detection apparatus of the electric energy meter do not affect the overall implementation of the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention, and they can be calculated as equivalent replacement or derivative of the technical solution claimed in the embodiments of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, the power failure detection device 100 of the electric energy meter is formed by: acquiring detection voltage acquired by an alternating current signal sampling module in the processor according to a preset acquisition frequency; processing the detection voltages to obtain the lowest effective voltages, and arranging the lowest effective voltages according to the acquisition sequence of the respective detection voltages to form an effective voltage sequence; if zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence, acquiring target effective voltages between adjacent zero crossing points, and counting the voltage sum of the target effective voltages; and comparing the voltage sum with a preset reference voltage to obtain a voltage comparison result, and outputting a power-down prompt according to the voltage comparison result.
In the embodiment of the invention, the electric energy meter power failure detection device 100 may be an independent electric energy meter power failure detection device, or may be an electric energy meter power failure detection device network or an electric energy meter power failure detection device cluster formed by the electric energy meter power failure detection devices, for example, the electric energy meter power failure detection device 100 described in the embodiment of the invention includes, but is not limited to, a computer, a network host, a single network electric energy meter power failure detection device, a plurality of network electric energy meter power failure detection device sets or a cloud electric energy meter power failure detection device formed by a plurality of electric energy meter power failure detection devices.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the electric energy meter power down detection circuit in the electric energy meter power down detection device shown in fig. 1 is only a specific embodiment of the present application, and is not limited to the embodiment of the present application, and may further include more or fewer circuit elements than those shown in fig. 1, for example, only 1 electric energy meter power down detection device is shown in fig. 1, and it will be appreciated that the specific embodiment of the electric energy meter power down detection circuit in the electric energy meter power down detection device may further include one or more other electric energy meter power down detection devices, which is not limited herein; the power meter power down detection device 100 may further include a memory for storing the historically collected detection voltage.
In addition, the specific electric energy meter power failure detection device 100 of the electric energy meter power failure detection circuit in the electric energy meter power failure detection device can be provided with a display device, or the display device is not provided in the electric energy meter power failure detection device 100 and is in communication connection with an external display device, and the display device is used for outputting the execution result of the electric energy meter power failure detection method in the electric energy meter power failure detection device.
It should be noted that, the specific schematic diagram of the power failure detection circuit of the electric energy meter in the power failure detection device of the electric energy meter shown in fig. 1 is only an example, and the specific schematic diagram of the power failure detection circuit of the electric energy meter in the power failure detection device of the electric energy meter described in the embodiment of the present application is for more clearly describing the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application.
Based on the electric energy meter power failure detection circuit in the electric energy meter power failure detection equipment, an embodiment of an electric energy meter power failure detection method is provided. The power failure detection method of the electric energy meter in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
acquiring detection voltage acquired by an alternating current signal sampling module in the processor according to a preset acquisition frequency;
processing the detection voltages to obtain the lowest effective voltages, and arranging the lowest effective voltages according to the acquisition sequence of the respective detection voltages to form an effective voltage sequence;
if zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence, acquiring target effective voltages between adjacent zero crossing points, and counting the voltage sum of the target effective voltages;
and comparing the voltage sum with a preset reference voltage to obtain a voltage comparison result, and outputting a power-down prompt according to the voltage comparison result.
The power-down detection method of the electric energy meter in the embodiment is applied to power-down detection equipment of the electric energy meter, the type of the power-down detection equipment of the electric energy meter is not particularly limited, and for example, the power-down detection equipment of the electric energy meter can be a terminal.
The electric energy meter power down detection device in this embodiment includes electric energy meter power down detection circuit, electric energy meter power down detection circuit and processor communication connection, electric energy meter power down detection circuit includes:
A first resistor (R1), a second resistor (R2) and a third resistor (R3);
one end of the first resistor (R1), one end of the second resistor (R2) and one end of the third resistor (R3) are respectively connected with an alternating current signal sampling module in the processor;
the other end of the first resistor (R1) is connected with a zero line or a fire line, the other end of the second resistor (R2) is connected with a voltage output module in the processor, and the other end of the third resistor (R3) is grounded.
As shown in fig. 1, the power failure detection circuit of the electric energy meter in this embodiment includes a first resistor (R1), a second resistor (R2) and a third resistor (R3), where one end of the first resistor (R1), the second resistor (R2) and one end of the third resistor (R3) are respectively connected with an ac signal sampling module in the processor, the other end of the first resistor (R1) is connected with a zero line or a live line, the other end of the second resistor (R2) is connected with a voltage output module in the processor, and the other end of the third resistor (R3) is grounded.
In some embodiments of the present application, the resistance of the second resistor (R2) is the same as the resistance of the third resistor (R3), and the second resistor (R2) and the third resistor (R3) are divided;
the resistance of the first resistor (R1) is a preset multiple of the resistance of the second resistor (R2) or the resistance of the third resistor (R3), and the preset multiple is larger than ten.
That is, in this embodiment, the resistance of the second resistor (R2) is the same as the resistance of the third resistor (R3), the voltage division between the two ends of the second resistor (R2) and the third resistor (R3) is the same, the voltage between the two ends of the second resistor (R2) and the third resistor (R3) is half of the reference voltage output by the voltage output module (english: VREF, english: voltage reference) in the processor, the resistance of the first resistor (R1) is a preset multiple of the resistance of the second resistor (R2) or the resistance of the third resistor (R3), and the preset multiple is greater than ten, that is, the resistance of the first resistor (R1) in this embodiment of the application is far greater than the voltage shared by the second voltage and the third voltage, and a person skilled in the art can use a plurality of resistors in series as the first resistor (R1).
It can be understood that the capacitor is further arranged in the power-down detection of the electric energy meter in the embodiment of the parameter chart 1, the capacitor is used for removing interference, and on the premise of not affecting the overall efficacy of the power-down detection circuit of the electric energy meter, a person skilled in the art can set required circuit elements according to specific requirements.
In this embodiment, an ac signal sampling module (ADC for short, which is called Analog-to-Digital Converter for short, also called Analog/digital converter or Analog/digital converter) is disposed in the processor, the ac signal sampling module in the processor samples a voltage signal at a preset sampling frequency, where the preset sampling frequency is set according to the ac frequency, for example, the frequency of ac in a certain area in china is 50Hz, the preset sampling frequency is set to 1000Hz, so that 20 times of detected voltages can be sampled in a period of one wave of ac, a program for analyzing the detected voltages is set in the processor, the processor determines a zero crossing point in the detected voltages, processes and analyzes 10 detected voltages between two adjacent zero crossings, and can determine whether to power down, that is, the power down detection device of the electric energy meter analyzes data of half wave of ac, and a power down detection result can be obtained in 10 ms. In the embodiment, the power failure can be rapidly determined, meanwhile, the voltage detection precision depends on the precision of the resistor and the sampling precision of the alternating current signal sampling module, the sampling precision is high, and the misjudgment condition is few.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for detecting power failure of an electric energy meter according to an embodiment of the present application, where the method for detecting power failure of an electric energy meter includes steps 201 to 204:
201, acquiring detection voltage acquired by an alternating current signal sampling module in the processor according to a preset acquisition frequency.
In this embodiment, the power-down detection device of the electric energy meter receives a power-down detection instruction, where a triggering manner of the power-down detection instruction of the electric energy meter is not specifically limited, that is, the power-down detection device may be actively triggered by a user, for example, the user connects the power-down detection device of the electric energy meter to a circuit of the device, and actively triggers the power-down detection instruction; in addition, the power-down detection instruction can also be automatically triggered by the power-down detection equipment of the electric energy meter, for example, the power-down detection instruction is triggered in real time in the process of equipment work in the power-down detection equipment of the electric energy meter, the power-down detection equipment of the electric energy meter monitors the state of the power-down detection equipment of the electric energy meter, and the power-down detection instruction is automatically triggered when the power-down detection equipment of the electric energy meter detects the power-down detection equipment of the electric energy meter to work.
After the power-down detection device of the electric energy meter receives the power-down detection instruction, a processor in the power-down detection device of the electric energy meter sends a sampling instruction to an alternating current signal sampling module, and the alternating current signal sampling module acquires detection voltage according to a preset acquisition frequency, wherein the preset acquisition frequency of the alternating current signal sampling module in the processor in the embodiment is set according to the alternating current frequency, for example, the preset acquisition frequency is 1000Hz or 2000Hz.
Specifically, in this embodiment, a timer is set in a processor, and a power-down detection device of an electric energy meter acquires a clock signal sent by the timer in the processor; the power-down detection equipment of the electric energy meter takes the frequency of the clock signal as a preset acquisition frequency, and acquires detection voltage according to the preset acquisition frequency.
It can be understood that the power-down detection device of the electric energy meter analyzes the detection voltage of the alternating current in half period to determine whether a power-down phenomenon exists, if the preset acquisition frequency is too low, analysis accuracy is affected, and the higher the sampling frequency is, the higher the hardware requirement on data processing is, therefore, the sampling frequency needs to be set according to specific requirements so as to realize accurate power-down detection under the condition of low cost, and in particular:
202, processing the detection voltages to obtain the lowest effective voltages, and arranging the lowest effective voltages according to the acquisition sequence of the respective detection voltages to form an effective voltage sequence.
The electric energy meter power-down detection equipment processes the detection voltage to obtain the lowest effective voltage, namely, the electric energy meter power-down detection equipment in the embodiment can directly analyze the detection voltage, but the data calculation amount is large, so that the electric energy meter power-down detection equipment converts the detection voltage into the lowest effective voltage, and the electric energy meter power-down detection equipment arranges the lowest effective voltage according to the acquisition sequence of the respective detection voltages to form an effective voltage sequence.
Specifically, the step 202 includes:
(1) Acquiring a reference voltage output by a voltage output module in the processor;
(2) And subtracting half of the reference voltage from the detection voltage to obtain the lowest effective voltage, and arranging the lowest effective voltages according to the acquisition sequence of the respective detection voltages to form an effective voltage sequence.
The power-down detection equipment of the electric energy meter acquires a reference voltage output by a voltage output module in a processor; the reference voltage can be 3.3V, the power-down detection equipment of the electric energy meter subtracts half of the reference voltage from the detection voltage to obtain the lowest effective voltage, and the power-down detection equipment of the electric energy meter arranges the lowest effective voltages according to the acquisition sequence of the respective detection voltages to form an effective voltage sequence.
After step 202 in this embodiment, the method includes:
judging whether two least effective voltages which are opposite in direction and adjacent exist in the effective voltage sequence or not;
if two least effective voltages which are opposite in direction and adjacent to each other exist in the effective voltage sequence, judging that zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence;
and if the two adjacent lowest effective voltages with opposite directions do not exist in the effective voltage sequence, judging that zero crossing points do not exist in the effective voltage sequence.
In the embodiment, the power-down detection device of the electric energy meter judges whether two least effective voltages which are opposite in direction and adjacent exist in an effective voltage sequence; if two least effective voltages which are opposite in direction and adjacent to each other exist in the effective voltage sequence, the electric energy meter power-down detection equipment judges that zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence; if two adjacent lowest effective voltages with opposite directions do not exist in the effective voltage sequence, the electric energy meter power failure detection equipment judges that zero crossing points do not exist in the effective voltage sequence.
It can be understood by those skilled in the art that, in a special case, if two least effective voltages with opposite directions and adjacent directions do not exist in the effective voltage sequence, the electric energy meter power-down detection device further judges whether two zero points with an interval exist in the effective voltage sequence, if two zero points with an interval exist in the effective voltage sequence, the electric energy meter power-down detection device judges that zero-crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence, and if two zero points with an interval do not exist in the effective voltage sequence, the electric energy meter power-down detection device judges that zero-crossing points do not exist in the effective voltage sequence.
In this embodiment, the alternating current is a sine wave (or cosine wave), a half period is between two zero points, the electric energy meter power-down detection device determines whether two least effective voltages with opposite directions and adjacent to each other exist in the effective voltage sequence, searches for zero crossing points in the effective voltage sequence, and extracts voltages to be effective between two adjacent zero points for analysis, thereby realizing voltage data analysis of half waveform period, and specifically:
203, if zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence, acquiring target effective voltages between adjacent zero crossing points, and counting the voltage sum of the target effective voltages.
If zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence, the electric energy meter power failure detection equipment acquires target effective voltages between adjacent zero crossing points, and calculates the voltage sum of all the target effective voltages, namely, the preset sampling frequency is 1000Hz, 10 target effective voltages between the adjacent zero crossing points are counted by the electric energy meter power failure detection equipment, and the voltage sum is obtained, wherein when the zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence, 10 sampling points are counted between the two zero crossing points, and the sampling period is 10ms, so that all sampling values between the two zero crossing points are added to be equivalent to the half-cycle average value Uavg of the input voltage Ui signal.
204, comparing the voltage sum with a preset reference voltage to obtain a voltage comparison result, and outputting a power-down prompt according to the voltage comparison result.
The method comprises the steps that a reference voltage is preset in power failure detection equipment of the electric energy meter, the preset reference voltage is determined according to rated alternating current voltage and an allowable coefficient of the electric energy meter, namely the preset reference voltage is the product of the rated alternating current voltage and the allowable coefficient of the electric energy meter, wherein the allowable coefficient is smaller than 1, for example, the rated working voltage of the electric energy meter is 220V, but the electric energy meter can work at 50% of the rated alternating current voltage of the electric energy meter, and when the power failure detection point is set to 70% of the rated alternating current voltage of the electric energy meter, an AC/DC circuit of the electric energy meter can still normally output direct current in a range of 50% -70% of the rated alternating current voltage of the electric energy meter; thus, when the preset reference voltage is set, the operating voltage may be multiplied by a factor, alternatively the tolerance factor may be 0.5-0.7. The power-down detection equipment of the electric energy meter compares the voltage sum with a preset reference voltage to obtain a voltage comparison result, and outputs a power-down prompt according to the voltage comparison result. Specifically, step 204 includes:
(1) Acquiring the peak voltage or the effective voltage of the zero line or the live line, setting a preset reference voltage according to the peak voltage or the effective voltage, and comparing the sum of the voltages with the preset reference voltage;
(2) Continuously monitoring if the sum of the voltages is larger than the preset reference voltage;
(3) And outputting a power-down prompt if the sum of the voltages is smaller than or equal to the preset reference voltage.
In the embodiment, the power-down detection equipment of the electric energy meter acquires the peak voltage or the effective voltage of a zero line or a fire wire, and sets a preset reference voltage according to the peak voltage or all the effective voltages, and the power-down detection equipment of the electric energy meter compares the sum of the voltages with the preset reference voltage; if the voltage sum is larger than the preset reference voltage, the power-down detection equipment of the electric energy meter judges that the power-down phenomenon does not occur, and continuously monitors the power-down phenomenon; if the sum of the voltages is smaller than or equal to the preset reference voltage, the power-down detection equipment of the electric energy meter judges that the power-down phenomenon occurs, and a power-down prompt is output when the power-down phenomenon occurs.
According to the power failure detection method of the electric energy meter, an alternating current signal sampling module in a processor collects detection voltages according to the preset collection frequency, the preset collection frequency is multiple times of the alternating current frequency, so that a plurality of detection voltages are collected in one alternating current period, zero crossing points in a detection voltage sequence are determined through processing the detection voltages, voltages between two adjacent zero crossing points are analyzed, whether the electric energy meter is powered down in a half waveform period of alternating current is determined, specifically, the detection voltages are converted into the lowest effective voltages, and the lowest effective voltages are arranged according to the collection sequence of the respective detection voltages to form an effective voltage sequence; if zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence, acquiring target effective voltages between adjacent zero crossing points, and counting the voltage sum of each target effective voltage; the voltage sum is compared with the preset reference voltage to obtain a voltage comparison result, and whether the electric energy meter is powered down or not is determined according to the comparison result.
In some embodiments of the present application, it is specifically illustrated that when zero crossing points do not exist in the effective voltage sequence, the method for detecting power failure of the electric energy meter analyzes, that is, the power failure detection device of the electric energy meter determines that the half waveform period of the alternating current is 10ms, the zero crossing points can be detected under the condition that the effective voltage sequence is 10ms under the normal condition without power failure, in order to avoid timing errors, the power failure detection device of the electric energy meter sets time greater than 10ms as a preset time interval, if zero crossing points do not exist in the effective voltage sequence in the preset time interval, a power failure prompt is output, so that the power failure detection device of the electric energy meter realizes power failure detection at the beginning.
For convenience of understanding, the embodiment provides a specific parameter processing example in the power-down detection method of the electric energy meter, and referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of a power-down detection circuit of the electric energy meter in the power-down detection method of the electric energy meter provided in the embodiment of the application.
In fig. 3, r1+r2+r3+r4 corresponds to the first resistor in the above embodiment, R11 corresponds to the second resistor in the above embodiment, R12 corresponds to the third resistor in the above embodiment, r11=r12, r1+r2+r3+r4 is far greater than R11, and C1 is used to filter out the interference signal on the circuit. The ADC built in the MCU is used for sampling the ac voltage signal Uo.
(1) Principle analysis
As shown in fig. 3, the current in fig. 3 has the following relationship:
the method is simplified:
since R1+R2+R3+R4 is much larger than R11, the above formula will be followedIgnoring it, it becomes:
from the above formula Uo is equivalent to superimposing an ac signal in equal proportional relation to the Ui signal on the dc component of 0.5 VREF.
(2) MCU processing procedure:
the built-in ADC of the MCU samples the Uo signal at 1ms intervals and converts it to a digital signal. Taking a 12-bit ADC as an example, the LSB of the full scale is 4095,0.5VREF and the corresponding LSB is 2048.
Subtracting 2048 from the sampled LSB and recording LSB [ i ]; equivalent to the elimination of 0.5VREF, the following is retained:
if the LSB [ i-1] sampled last time is different from the LSB [ i ] of the current sampling, the zero crossing of the Ui signal is indicated.
All sample values between two zero crossings are added: the I LSB [ i-10] +|LSB [ i-9] +|LSB [ i-8] +|LSB [ i-7] +| … … +|LSB [ i-1] |
I.e. the half cycle average Uavg equivalent to the Ui signal. (alternating current 50Hz signal period 20ms, half cycle 10ms, corresponding to 10 sampling points)
When the MCU detects that Uavg is lower than 70% of the normal input 220V, the MCU determines that power is lost. The power down signal is delayed by a maximum of 10ms.
If no zero crossing is detected beyond 12ms (leaving a margin to avoid the deviation introduced by the frequency variation), it is determined directly as a power loss.
It will be appreciated that the LSB represents the last bit in the digital stream and also represents the smallest unit that constitutes the full range of input. For a 12-bit converter, the value of LSB corresponds to the quotient of the analog signal full scale input range divided by 4096. If represented by a real number, for a full scale input range of 4.096V, a 12 bit converter corresponds to an LSB size of 1mV.
In this embodiment, the ac operating voltage range of the electric energy meter is wider, for example, the electric energy meter can still operate under 50% Un (Un is the reference voltage, generally 220V). When the power failure detection point is set to be 70% Un, an AC/DC circuit of the electric energy meter can still normally output direct current in a 50% -70% Un interval, the supporting time is prolonged, and the risk that a standby power supply is possibly not connected in time, or the standby battery is under-voltage or data backup is not timely is avoided; meanwhile, the detection precision depends on the precision of the resistor and the sampling precision of the ADC, the sampling precision is high, and the misjudgment condition is few.
Further, for convenience of understanding, specific parameters are added to the power failure detection circuit of the electric energy meter in this embodiment, and vref=3.3v, R11 and R12 are 10kΩ, and R1, R2, R3 and R4 are 330kΩ as examples:
0.0076, which is negligible. The following table shows the output voltage of Uo at various voltages.
| Ui(V) | R1+R2+R3+R4(kΩ) | R11/R12(kΩ) | VREF(V) | Uo(V) |
| 0 | 1320 | 10 | 3.3 | 1.65 |
| 311.08 | 1320 | 10 | 3.3 | 2.83 |
| -311.08 | 1320 | 10 | 3.3 | 0.47 |
| 373.296 | 1320 | 10 | 3.3 | 3.064 |
| -373.296 | 1320 | 10 | 3.3 | 0.236 |
311.08V is the positive peak voltage of 220V (220.1.414)
311.08V is the positive peak voltage (-220 x 1.414) of the 220V voltage
373.296V is a positive peak voltage (220.1.2.1.414) of 1.2 times 220V voltage
373.296V is a positive peak voltage (-220 x 1.2 x 1.414) of 1.2 times 220V voltage
From the above table, at 1.2 times the voltage, vref=3.3V is still not exceeded.
The accuracy of the power failure detection of the electric energy meter can be accurately determined through the data in the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a power failure detection device of an electric energy meter.
In order to better implement the method for detecting power failure of the electric energy meter in the embodiment of the application, on the basis of the method for detecting power failure of the electric energy meter, the embodiment of the application also provides a device for detecting power failure of the electric energy meter, wherein the device for detecting power failure of the electric energy meter is arranged on a processor, the processor is in communication connection with a circuit for detecting power failure of the electric energy meter, and the device for detecting power failure of the electric energy meter comprises:
the detection acquisition module 301 is configured to acquire a detection voltage acquired by the ac signal sampling module in the processor according to a preset acquisition frequency;
The processing sequencing module 302 is configured to process the detected voltages to obtain the lowest effective voltages, and arrange the lowest effective voltages according to the acquisition sequence of the respective detected voltages to form an effective voltage sequence;
the voltage statistics module 303 is configured to obtain a target effective voltage between adjacent zero crossings if zero crossings exist in the effective voltage sequence, and to count a voltage sum of each of the target effective voltages;
and the comparison output module 304 is configured to compare the sum of voltages with a preset reference voltage to obtain a voltage comparison result, and output a power-down prompt according to the voltage comparison result.
In some embodiments of the present application, the power failure detection device of the electric energy meter includes:
the preset acquisition frequency is set according to the alternating current frequency, the preset acquisition frequency is larger than the alternating current frequency, and the preset acquisition frequency is in direct proportion to the alternating current frequency;
the preset reference voltage is determined according to the rated alternating current voltage of the electric energy meter and the tolerance coefficient, and the preset reference voltage is the product of the rated alternating current voltage of the electric energy meter and the tolerance coefficient.
In some embodiments of the present application, the processing and sorting module 302 in the power failure detection apparatus of an electric energy meter performs the processing on the detected voltages to obtain the lowest effective voltages, and arranges the lowest effective voltages according to the collection sequence of the respective detected voltages to form an effective voltage sequence, including:
Acquiring a reference voltage output by a voltage output module in the processor;
and subtracting half of the reference voltage from the detection voltage to obtain the lowest effective voltage, and arranging the lowest effective voltages according to the acquisition sequence of the respective detection voltages to form an effective voltage sequence.
In some embodiments of the present application, the power failure detection device of the electric energy meter includes:
judging whether two least effective voltages which are opposite in direction and adjacent exist in the effective voltage sequence or not;
if two least effective voltages which are opposite in direction and adjacent to each other exist in the effective voltage sequence, judging that zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence;
and if the two adjacent lowest effective voltages with opposite directions do not exist in the effective voltage sequence, judging that zero crossing points do not exist in the effective voltage sequence.
In some embodiments of the present application, the comparing output module 304 in the power-down detection device of an electric energy meter performs the comparison between the sum of voltages and a preset reference voltage to obtain a voltage comparison result, and outputs a power-down prompt according to the voltage comparison result, including:
acquiring the peak voltage or the effective voltage of the zero line or the live line, setting a preset reference voltage according to the peak voltage or the effective voltage, and comparing the sum of the voltages with the preset reference voltage;
If the sum of the voltages is larger than the preset reference voltage, continuously monitoring;
and if the sum of the voltages is smaller than or equal to the preset reference voltage, outputting a power-down prompt.
In some embodiments of the present application, the power failure detection device of the electric energy meter includes;
and if the zero crossing point does not exist in the effective voltage sequence at the preset time interval, outputting a power-down prompt.
In some embodiments of the present application, the detection acquisition module 301 includes;
acquiring a clock signal sent by a timer in the processor;
and taking the frequency of the clock signal as a preset acquisition frequency, and acquiring detection voltage according to the preset acquisition frequency.
According to the power failure detection device of the electric energy meter, detection voltages are acquired through an alternating current signal sampling module in a processor according to a preset acquisition frequency, the preset acquisition frequency is multiple times of the alternating current frequency, a plurality of detection voltages are acquired in one alternating current period, zero crossing points in a detection voltage sequence are determined through processing the plurality of detection voltages, and voltages between two adjacent zero crossing points are analyzed, so that whether the electric energy meter is powered down in a half waveform period of alternating current or not is determined, specifically, the detection voltages are converted into the lowest effective voltages, and the lowest effective voltages are arranged according to the acquisition sequence of the respective detection voltages to form an effective voltage sequence; if zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence, acquiring target effective voltages between adjacent zero crossing points, and counting the voltage sum of each target effective voltage; the voltage sum is compared with the preset reference voltage to obtain a voltage comparison result, and whether the electric energy meter is powered down or not is determined according to the comparison result.
The embodiment of the application also provides power failure detection equipment for the electric energy meter, as shown in fig. 5, and fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of the power failure detection equipment for the electric energy meter.
The electric energy meter power-down detection equipment integrates any electric energy meter power-down detection device provided by the embodiment of the application, and comprises:
the electric energy meter power-down detection circuit;
one or more processors;
a memory; and
the structure of the power-down detection circuit of the electric energy meter is as described above;
one or more applications, wherein the one or more applications are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor to perform the steps of the power meter power down detection method described in any of the power meter power down detection method embodiments described above.
Specifically, the present application relates to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device. The power meter power down detection device may include one or more processor cores 'processors 401, one or more computer readable storage media's memory 402, a power supply 403, and an input unit 404, among other components. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the power meter power loss detection apparatus structure shown in fig. 5 is not limiting of the power meter power loss detection apparatus and may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine certain components, or a different arrangement of components. Wherein:
The processor 401 is a control center of the power-down detection device of the electric energy meter, and connects various parts of the whole power-down detection device of the electric energy meter by using various interfaces and lines, and executes various functions and processes data of the power-down detection device of the electric energy meter by running or executing software programs and/or modules stored in the memory 402 and calling data stored in the memory 402, thereby performing overall monitoring of the power-down detection device of the electric energy meter. Optionally, processor 401 may include one or more processing cores; preferably, the processor 401 may integrate an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly processes an operating system, a user interface, an application program, etc., and the modem processor mainly processes wireless communication. It will be appreciated that the modem processor described above may not be integrated into the processor 401.
The memory 402 may be used to store software programs and modules, and the processor 401 executes various functional applications and data processing by executing the software programs and modules stored in the memory 402. The memory 402 may mainly include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an application program (such as a sound playing function, an image playing function, etc.) required for at least one function, and the like; the storage data area may store data created from the use of the power meter power loss detection device, etc. In addition, memory 402 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device. Accordingly, the memory 402 may also include a memory processor to provide access to the memory 402 by the processor 401.
The power-down detection device of the electric energy meter further comprises a power supply 403 for supplying power to each component, and preferably, the power supply 403 can be logically connected with the processor 401 through a power management system, so that functions of managing charging, discharging, power consumption management and the like are realized through the power management system. The power supply 403 may also include one or more of any of a direct current or alternating current power supply, a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator, and the like.
The power meter power down detection apparatus may further include an input unit 404, the input unit 404 being operable to receive input numeric or character information and to generate keyboard, mouse, joystick, optical or trackball signal inputs related to user settings and function control.
Although not shown, the power-down detection device of the electric energy meter may further include a display unit and the like, which are not described herein. In particular, in this embodiment, the processor 401 in the power failure detection device of the electric energy meter loads executable files corresponding to the processes of one or more application programs into the memory 402 according to the following instructions, and the processor 401 runs the application programs stored in the memory 402, so as to implement various functions as follows:
Acquiring detection voltage acquired by an alternating current signal sampling module in the processor according to a preset acquisition frequency;
processing the detection voltages to obtain the lowest effective voltages, and arranging the lowest effective voltages according to the acquisition sequence of the respective detection voltages to form an effective voltage sequence;
if zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence, acquiring target effective voltages between adjacent zero crossing points, and counting the voltage sum of the target effective voltages;
and comparing the voltage sum with a preset reference voltage to obtain a voltage comparison result, and outputting a power-down prompt according to the voltage comparison result.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or a portion of the steps of the various methods of the above embodiments may be performed by instructions, or by instructions controlling associated hardware, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium and loaded and executed by a processor.
To this end, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium, which may include: read Only Memory (ROM), random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), magnetic or optical disk, and the like. The computer program is stored on the power failure detection method, and the computer program is loaded by a processor to execute the steps in any power failure detection method of the electric energy meter. For example, the loading of the computer program by the processor may perform the steps of:
Acquiring detection voltage acquired by an alternating current signal sampling module in the processor according to a preset acquisition frequency;
processing the detection voltages to obtain the lowest effective voltages, and arranging the lowest effective voltages according to the acquisition sequence of the respective detection voltages to form an effective voltage sequence;
if zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence, acquiring target effective voltages between adjacent zero crossing points, and counting the voltage sum of the target effective voltages;
and comparing the voltage sum with a preset reference voltage to obtain a voltage comparison result, and outputting a power-down prompt according to the voltage comparison result.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are focused on, and the portions of one embodiment that are not described in detail in the foregoing embodiments may be referred to in the foregoing detailed description of other embodiments, which are not described herein again.
In the implementation, each unit or structure may be implemented as an independent entity, or may be implemented as the same entity or several entities in any combination, and the implementation of each unit or structure may be referred to the foregoing method embodiments and will not be repeated herein.
The specific implementation of each operation above may be referred to the previous embodiments, and will not be described herein.
The above describes in detail a method for detecting power failure of an electric energy meter provided by the embodiment of the present application, and specific examples are applied herein to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present application, where the description of the above embodiment is only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present application; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in light of the ideas of the present application, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The power-down detection method for the electric energy meter is characterized in that the power-down detection method for the electric energy meter is applied to a power-down detection circuit of the electric energy meter, and the power-down detection circuit of the electric energy meter is in communication connection with a processor;
the power failure detection method of the electric energy meter comprises the following steps:
acquiring detection voltage acquired by an alternating current signal sampling module in the processor according to a preset acquisition frequency;
processing the detection voltages to obtain the lowest effective voltage, and arranging the lowest effective voltages according to the acquisition sequence of the respective detection voltages to form an effective voltage sequence, wherein the lowest effective voltage is obtained by subtracting half of the reference voltage of a voltage output module in the processor from the detection voltage;
If zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence, acquiring target effective voltages between adjacent zero crossing points, and counting the voltage sum of the target effective voltages;
and comparing the voltage sum with a preset reference voltage to obtain a voltage comparison result, and outputting a power-down prompt according to the voltage comparison result.
2. The method for detecting power failure of an electric energy meter according to claim 1, wherein,
the preset acquisition frequency is set according to the alternating current frequency;
the preset reference voltage is determined according to the rated alternating current voltage of the electric energy meter and the tolerance coefficient, and the preset reference voltage is the product of the rated alternating current voltage of the electric energy meter and the tolerance coefficient.
3. The method for detecting power failure of an electric energy meter according to claim 1, wherein the processing the detected voltages to obtain the lowest effective voltages, arranging the lowest effective voltages in the collection sequence of the respective detected voltages to form an effective voltage sequence, comprises:
acquiring a reference voltage output by a voltage output module in the processor;
and subtracting half of the reference voltage from the detection voltage to obtain the lowest effective voltage, and arranging the lowest effective voltages according to the acquisition sequence of the respective detection voltages to form an effective voltage sequence.
4. The method for detecting power failure of an electric energy meter according to claim 1, wherein the processing the detected voltages to obtain the lowest effective voltages, and arranging the lowest effective voltages in the collection order of the respective detected voltages to form an effective voltage sequence, the method comprises:
judging whether two least effective voltages which are opposite in direction and adjacent exist in the effective voltage sequence or not;
if two least effective voltages which are opposite in direction and adjacent to each other exist in the effective voltage sequence, judging that zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence;
and if the two adjacent lowest effective voltages with opposite directions do not exist in the effective voltage sequence, judging that zero crossing points do not exist in the effective voltage sequence.
5. The method for detecting power failure of an electric energy meter according to claim 1, wherein comparing the sum of voltages with a preset reference voltage to obtain a voltage comparison result, and outputting a power failure prompt according to the voltage comparison result, comprises:
acquiring peak voltage or effective voltage of a zero line or a live line, setting a preset reference voltage according to the peak voltage or the effective voltage, and comparing the sum of the voltages with the preset reference voltage;
If the sum of the voltages is larger than the preset reference voltage, continuously monitoring;
and if the sum of the voltages is smaller than or equal to the preset reference voltage, outputting a power-down prompt.
6. The method for detecting power failure of an electric energy meter according to claim 1, wherein the processing the detected voltages to obtain the lowest effective voltages, and arranging the lowest effective voltages in the collection order of the respective detected voltages to form an effective voltage sequence, the method comprises:
and if the zero crossing point does not exist in the effective voltage sequence at the preset time interval, outputting a power-down prompt.
7. The method for detecting power failure of an electric energy meter according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the step of obtaining the detection voltage collected by the ac signal sampling module in the processor according to the preset collection frequency includes:
acquiring a clock signal sent by a timer in the processor;
and taking the frequency of the clock signal as a preset acquisition frequency, and acquiring detection voltage according to the preset acquisition frequency.
8. The utility model provides a power down detection device of electric energy meter, its characterized in that, electric energy meter power down detection device sets up in the treater, treater and electric energy meter power down detection circuit communication connection, electric energy meter power down detection device includes:
The detection acquisition module is used for acquiring detection voltage acquired by the alternating current signal sampling module in the processor according to a preset acquisition frequency;
the processing sequencing module is used for processing the detection voltages to obtain the lowest effective voltages, arranging the lowest effective voltages according to the acquisition sequence of the respective detection voltages to form an effective voltage sequence, wherein the lowest effective voltages are obtained by subtracting half of the reference voltage of the voltage output module in the processor from the detection voltages;
the voltage statistics module is used for acquiring target effective voltages between adjacent zero crossing points if zero crossing points exist in the effective voltage sequence, and counting the voltage sum of each target effective voltage;
and the comparison output module is used for comparing the voltage sum with a preset reference voltage to obtain a voltage comparison result, and outputting a power-down prompt according to the voltage comparison result.
9. The utility model provides an electric energy meter power down check out test set which characterized in that, electric energy meter power down check out test set includes:
the electric energy meter power-down detection circuit;
one or more processors;
a memory; and
one or more applications, wherein the one or more applications are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor to implement the power meter power loss detection method of any of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program, the computer program being loaded by a processor to perform the steps of the method for detecting a power loss of an electric energy meter according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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