CN114563695A - Test device for on-load tap-changer switching test of power transformer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a test device for an on-load tap-changer switching test of a power transformer (30), which comprises: a test power supply (10) having first to third output terminals (101, 102, 103) and configured to output three-phase alternating current; an intermediate transformer (20) comprising a second primary winding (21) configured to be electrically connected to the test power source (10) and a second secondary winding (22) configured to be electrically connected to the first primary winding (31) of the power transformer (30); and an energy storage absorbing device (50) electrically connected to the first to third outputs and configured to absorb an instantaneous peak current generated in the power transformer and coupled to the first to third outputs via the intermediate transformer (20) in the test to suppress an impact of the instantaneous peak current on the test power supply (10). The testing device can reduce the instantaneous current in the testing power supply and reduce the equipment risk.

Description

Test device for on-load tap-changer switching test of power transformer

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of power equipment, in particular to a test device for a switching test of an on-load tap-changer of a power transformer.

Background

In order to determine the reliability of a power transformer and ensure the safe operation of the power transformer, various tests must be performed on the power transformer before shipment according to national or industrial standards to verify whether the performance of the power transformer meets the standards and regulations. For example, since a conventional large-capacity power transformer generally has a voltage regulation function, that is, a voltage ratio of the power transformer can be changed when a load is applied thereto, it is necessary to perform an on-load tap changer switching test for ensuring that a tap changer can be smoothly switched in an operating state of the power transformer.

The on-load tap-changer switching test of the power transformer generally requires that the power transformer to be tested is connected to a circuit of a test device, a test power supply is used for simulating conditions which may be met when the power transformer works normally, and the on-load tap-changer is subjected to 10 cycle switching operations under a load state (namely, a rated frequency and under a current close to the rated frequency). For a power transformer used for a large-capacity three-phase generator, in the switching test process, the test capacity under the load state is greatly changed due to sudden change of impedance of the power transformer and change of loop parameters, so that a winding can pass through a large current and has a high voltage. Accordingly, a large capacity sudden change can be brought to the test power supply, so that the phenomena of overvoltage, overcurrent, overheating and the like occur to components of the test power supply, and the test power supply can be damaged or fails.

Therefore, there is a need for an improved test set-up for on-load tap changer switching tests for power transformers.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a testing apparatus for an on-load tap changer switching test of a power transformer, so as to reduce a short-time load peak generated in a test power supply when a test capacity of the power transformer changes, and reduce equipment risks.

Thus, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a test apparatus for on-load tap-changer switching tests of a power transformer comprising a first primary winding and a first secondary winding, characterized in that it comprises: a test power supply having a first output terminal, a second output terminal, and a third output terminal, and configured to output three-phase alternating current through the first output terminal, the second output terminal, and the third output terminal; an intermediate transformer, said intermediate transformer including a second primary winding and a second secondary winding, said second primary winding configured to be electrically connected to said test power source, said second secondary winding configured to be electrically connected to said first primary winding of said power transformer; and an energy storage absorbing device electrically connected to the first, second and third outputs and configured to absorb transient peak currents generated in the power transformer and coupled to the first, second and third outputs via the intermediate transformer during the on-load tap-changer switching test to suppress an impact of the transient peak currents on the test power supply.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage absorption apparatus includes a first capacitor module, a second capacitor module, and a third capacitor module, wherein the first capacitor module is electrically connected to the first output terminal and the second output terminal, the second capacitor module is electrically connected to the second output terminal and the third output terminal, and the third capacitor module is electrically connected to the first output terminal and the third output terminal.

According to an embodiment of the invention, each of the first, second and third capacitive modules comprises a plurality of capacitors connected in series and/or in parallel.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, each of the capacitance modules comprises a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor and a fourth capacitor, wherein the first capacitor and the third capacitor are connected in series, the second capacitor and the fourth capacitor are connected in series, and a first component formed by the series connection of the first capacitor and the third capacitor is connected in parallel with a second component formed by the series connection of the second capacitor and the fourth capacitor; wherein each capacitive module further comprises a bypass conductor corresponding to at least one of the first, second, third and fourth capacitors for bypassing the at least one capacitor; wherein a ratio of a minimum value and a maximum value among capacitance capacities of the first capacitor, the second capacitor, the third capacitor, and the fourth capacitor is in a range of 0.1 to 1.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, each of the capacitor modules further comprises a first switch connected in the first assembly and configured to electrically disconnect the first assembly when the first switch is open and to connect the first assembly in parallel with the second assembly when the first switch is closed.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, each of the capacitor modules further comprises a first bypass conductive line, a second switch and a third switch, wherein the second switch and the third switch are single pole double throw switches, a first end of the first bypass conductor is electrically connected to a first end of the first capacitor, a second end of the first bypass conductor is electrically connected to a first terminal of the second switch, a second terminal of the second switch is electrically connected to a second end of the first capacitor, a third terminal of the second switch is electrically connected with a first end of the third capacitor such that the first capacitor is bypassed by the first bypass conductor when the third terminal of the second switch is in communication with the first terminal of the second switch, and the second end of the first capacitor is electrically shorted to the first end of the third capacitor when the third terminal of the second switch is in communication with the second terminal of the second switch; a first end of the second bypass wire is electrically connected to a first end of the second capacitor, a second end of the second bypass wire is electrically connected to a first terminal of the third switch, a second terminal of the third switch is electrically connected to a second end of the second capacitor, and a third terminal of the third switch is electrically connected to a first end of the fourth capacitor, such that the second capacitor is bypassed by the second bypass wire when the third terminal of the third switch is in communication with the first terminal of the third switch, and the second end of the second capacitor is electrically shorted to the first end of the fourth capacitor when the third terminal of the third switch is in communication with the second terminal of the third switch.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the test apparatus further comprises a power analyzer configured to measure the load power of the power transformer through at least one voltage transformer and at least one current transformer.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the at least one voltage transformer and the at least one current transformer are configured to be coupled with lines electrically connecting the second secondary winding and the first primary winding, respectively.

It can be seen from the above scheme that since the test device of the present invention has the energy storage absorption device connected between the output ends of the test power supply, when the circuit changes suddenly in the on-load tap-changer switching test, the transient peak current coupled to the output end of the test power supply due to the change of the test capacity can be absorbed, so that the transient peak current becomes more gentle and is released to the circuit, thereby reducing the transient current generated in the test power supply and reducing the risk of the equipment. In addition, the energy storage absorption device used for the test device can be formed by connecting capacitors with different parameters in series and/or in parallel, and the configuration mode can be flexibly selected according to different capacities of test products.

Drawings

The foregoing and other features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention relates upon consideration of the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a test setup for an on-load tap changer switching test of a power transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of the stored energy absorbing device shown in FIG. 1;

fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of an exemplary capacitive module of the energy storage and absorption device shown in fig. 2.

Wherein the reference numbers are as follows:

10 test power supply 20 intermediate transformer 30 power transformer

40 power analyzer 50 energy storage absorbing device 101 first output end

102 second output 103 third output 201 first input

202 second input terminal 203 third input terminal 21 second primary winding

22 second secondary winding 31 first primary winding 32 first secondary winding

2u, 2v, 2w second primary winding head end 1u, 1v, 1w second secondary winding head end A, B, C first primary winding head end

a. b, c first secondary winding head end CT voltage transformer PT current transformer

C1 first capacitive Module C2 second capacitive Module C3 third capacitive Module

C11 first capacitor C12 second capacitor C13 third capacitor

C14 fourth capacitor K1 first switch K2 second switch

K3 third switch L1 first bypass conductor L2 second bypass conductor

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail by referring to the following examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these exemplary embodiments are not meant to limit the invention in any way. Furthermore, features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict. In the different figures the same or similar components are indicated with the same reference numerals and for the sake of brevity other components are omitted, but this does not indicate that the inventive test rig for on-load tap changer switching tests of power transformers may not comprise other components. It is to be understood that the size, proportion and number of elements in the drawings are not to be considered limiting.

The terms "first", "second", etc. are used herein to describe various constituent elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. Therefore, the first component to be mentioned below may be the second component in the technical solution of the present invention.

A test setup for an on-load tap changer switching test for a power transformer according to an embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to fig. 1. Fig. 1 shows not only the test apparatus of the present invention, but also a power transformer 30, as shown in the right-side dashed box in fig. 1. The power transformer 30 is, for example, a large-capacity power transformer for a three-phase alternator, and includes a first primary winding 31 and a first secondary winding 32. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the test device for the on-load tap changer switching test of the power transformer comprises a test power supply 10, an intermediate transformer 20 (shown in the middle dashed box in fig. 1) and an energy storage absorption device 50 (shown in the left dashed box in fig. 1). The test power supply 10 has a first output terminal 101, a second output terminal 102, and a third output terminal 103, and is configured to output three-phase ac power through the first output terminal 101, the second output terminal 102, and the third output terminal 103. The intermediate transformer 20 includes a second primary winding 21 and a second secondary winding 22, wherein the second primary winding 21 is configured to be electrically connected to the test power source 10, and the second secondary winding 22 is configured to be electrically connected to the first primary winding 31 of the power transformer 30. The energy storage absorbing device 50 is electrically connected to the first output terminal 101, the second output terminal 102 and the third output terminal 103, and is configured to absorb an instantaneous peak current generated in the power transformer 30 and coupled to the first output terminal 101, the second output terminal 102 and the third output terminal 103 via the intermediate transformer 20 in an on-load tap-changer switching test to suppress an impact of the instantaneous peak current on the test power supply 10. For example, during a switching test of an on-load tap changer in a load condition, the impedance of the power transformer 30 may change sharply, and a transient peak current may be generated in the test circuit, the transient peak of which may reach tens of thousands of amperes. The instantaneous peak current is coupled to the first output terminal 101, the second output terminal 102 and the third output terminal 103 of the test power supply 10 through the intermediate transformer 20, and if the energy storage absorbing device 50 is not provided, the instantaneous peak current will be coupled into the test power supply 10, causing the protection equipment of the test power supply 10 to trip to interrupt the test, or causing the test power supply 10 to be damaged.

Because the energy storage absorption device is arranged between the output ends of the test power supply in the test device, the energy storage absorption device can absorb the violent change of the test capacity in the test loop, reduce the instantaneous peak current caused by the change of the test capacity, and enable the instantaneous peak current to become more gentle energy to be released into the test loop, thereby reducing the instantaneous current generated in the test power supply, avoiding the problems of overvoltage, overcurrent, overheating and the like of the test power supply in the on-load tap-changer switching test, and reducing the risk of equipment.

Referring to fig. 2, a schematic configuration and electrical connection of the energy storage absorbing device 50 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein the energy storage absorbing device 50 preferably includes a first capacitive module C1, a second capacitive module C2 and a third capacitive module C3. However, the energy storage and absorption device 50 of the present invention is not limited to the capacitor module, and an inductor module, a diode module, a MOSFET module, or the like may be used. The energy storage absorption device of the present invention is described below by taking the capacitor module as an example only. As shown in fig. 2, the first capacitance module C1 is electrically connected to the first output terminal 101 and the second output terminal 102, the second capacitance module C2 is electrically connected to the second output terminal 102 and the third output terminal 103, and the third capacitance module C3 is electrically connected to the first output terminal 101 and the third output terminal 103. It should be noted that since the intermediate transformer 20 includes the first input terminal 201, the second input terminal 202 and the third input terminal 203, and the first input terminal 201 is electrically connected to the first output terminal 101, the second input terminal 202 is electrically connected to the second output terminal 102, and the third input terminal 203 is electrically connected to the third output terminal 103, the first capacitor module C1, the second capacitor module C2 and the third capacitor module C3 can also be considered to be electrically connected between the first input terminal 201 and the second input terminal 202, between the second input terminal 202 and the third input terminal 203, and between the first input terminal 201 and the third input terminal 203, respectively. In this way, a capacitor module is connected between each two output terminals of the test power supply 10, so as to provide protection for each phase of the test power supply 10.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the capacitance capacities of the first, second and third capacitance modules C1, C2 and C3 may be the same to maintain balance between the three phases of the test power supply 10, and may each include one or more capacitors. Preferably, each of the first, second and third capacitance modules C1, C2, C3 includes a plurality of capacitors connected in series and/or in parallel. Therefore, when the capacitor module is tested, each capacitor module can select different configuration modes according to the capacity of a pressure test product, and the capacity of the capacitor module can be flexibly adjusted. Accordingly, the spacing of the tap positions switched by the on-load tap changer can be reduced, providing a more precise adjustment

According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, a specific structure of an exemplary capacitor module in the energy storage and absorption device is provided, for example, an exemplary structure of a first capacitor module C1 connected between a first output terminal 101 and a second output terminal 102 of the test power supply 10 is shown. However, the second and third capacitive modules C2 and C3 may also have the same structure. Therefore, the structure of the capacitor module described below can be applied to any of the capacitor modules described above. Referring to fig. 3, the capacitive module may include a first capacitor C11, a second capacitor C12, a third capacitor C13, and a fourth capacitor C14, wherein the first capacitor C11 and the third capacitor C13 are connected in series, the second capacitor C12 and the fourth capacitor C14 are connected in series, and a first component formed by the first capacitor C11 and the third capacitor C13 connected in series is connected in parallel with a second component formed by the second capacitor C12 and the fourth capacitor C14 connected in series. In the exemplary capacitive module shown in fig. 3, each capacitive module further includes a bypass conductor corresponding to at least one of the first, second, third and fourth capacitors C11, C12, C13 and C14 for bypassing the at least one capacitor. Through the series, parallel and bypass wires, the flexibility of the capacitor module configuration can be more fully exerted, so that the capacitor module can adapt to more different test capacities. In order to facilitate effective capacity adjustment, a ratio of a minimum value and a maximum value among capacity of the first capacitor C11, the second capacitor C12, the third capacitor C13, and the fourth capacitor C14 may be in a range of 0.1 to 1. For example, the capacitance of the first capacitor C11 and the second capacitor C12 may be the same and 2 μ F, while the capacitance of the third capacitor C13 and the fourth capacitor C14 may be the same and 17.25 μ F. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above exemplified capacitor capacities, and the capacities of the first capacitor C11, the second capacitor C12, the third capacitor C13, and the fourth capacitor C14 as described above may be adjusted according to the parameters of the power transformer under test.

Additionally, switches included in the exemplary capacitive module for implementing various configurations are also shown in FIG. 3, according to an embodiment of the invention. For example, the capacitor module includes a first switch K1, wherein the first switch K1 is connected in the first component and is configured to electrically open the first component when the first switch K1 is open and to connect the first component in parallel with the second component when the first switch K1 is closed. Thus, the first switch K1 may enable a selection between the combined capacitance capacity when the first component and the second component are connected in parallel and the individual capacitance capacity of the second component.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the capacitor module may further include a first bypass conductive line L1, a second bypass conductive line L2, a second switch K2 and a third switch K3, wherein the second switch K2 and the third switch K3 are shown as single-pole double-throw switches. A first end of the first bypass wire L1 is electrically connected with a first end of the first capacitor C11, a second end of the first bypass wire L1 is electrically connected with a first terminal of the second switch K2, a second terminal of the second switch K2 is electrically connected with a second end of the first capacitor C11, and a third terminal of the second switch K2 is electrically connected with a first end of the third capacitor C13, so that the first capacitor C11 is bypassed by the first bypass wire L1 when the third terminal of the second switch K2 is communicated with the first terminal of the second switch K2, and the second end of the first capacitor C11 is electrically shorted with the first end of the third capacitor C13 when the third terminal of the second switch K2 is communicated with the second terminal of the second switch K2. A first end of the second bypass wire L2 is electrically connected with a first end of the second capacitor C12, a second end of the second bypass wire L2 is electrically connected with a first terminal of the third switch K3, a second terminal of the third switch K3 is electrically connected with a second end of the second capacitor C12, and a third terminal of the third switch K3 is electrically connected with a first end of the fourth capacitor C14, so that the second capacitor C12 is bypassed by the second bypass wire L2 when the third terminal of the third switch K3 is in communication with the first terminal of the third switch K3, and the second end of the second capacitor C12 is electrically shorted with the first end of the fourth capacitor C14 when the third terminal of the third switch K3 is in communication with the second terminal of the third switch K3. Thus, by selectively communicating the second and third switches K2 and K3 between the first capacitor C11 and the first bypass conductor L1 and the second capacitor C12 and the second bypass conductor L2, respectively, more combinations of capacitor capacities can be provided to meet different test capacities.

It should be noted that the capacitive module may also have more or less than 4 capacitors, more or less than 3 switches. In addition, each component may include more than 2 capacitors in series, and more than 2 components may be connected in parallel. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the number of capacitor modules and capacitors listed above. In addition, at least one of a resistor, an inductor, a diode (not shown) and the like may be connected to the capacitor module to further improve the absorption effect of the instantaneous peak current.

In the test apparatus shown in fig. 1, the three-phase windings of each of the second primary winding 21 and the second secondary winding 22 of the intermediate transformer 20 are electrically connected in a wye connection, for example, the second primary winding head ends 2u, 2v, and 2w of the second primary winding 21 (three-phase winding) are circumscribed, and the ends (not shown) of the three-phase windings are grounded, while the second secondary winding head ends 1u, 1v, and 1w of the second secondary winding 22 (three-phase winding) are circumscribed, and the ends (not shown) of the three-phase windings are grounded. The three-phase windings of the first primary winding 31 of the power transformer 30 are electrically connected in a star connection, and the three-phase windings of the first secondary winding 32 of the power transformer 30 are electrically connected in a delta connection, for example, the first primary winding head ends A, B and C of the first primary winding 31 (three-phase windings) are circumscribed, while the tail ends (not labeled) of the three-phase windings are grounded, and the first secondary winding head ends a, b and C of the first secondary winding 32 (three-phase windings) are respectively connected with the tail ends of the adjacent windings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Other connections of the windings of the intermediate transformer 20 and the power transformer 30 are possible according to different experimental requirements, for example, a delta connection for the second primary winding and the second secondary winding of the intermediate transformer 20, a delta connection for the first primary winding 31 of the power transformer 30 and a star connection for the first secondary winding 32.

It should be understood that power transformer 30 also includes an on-load tap changer (not shown) that can regulate the voltage of the power transformer as the voltage fluctuates, thereby changing the transformation ratio of power transformer 30.

Since the variable frequency power supply can output a voltage waveform with stable frequency, stable voltage, and near-zero internal resistance, and has the advantages of simple installation, convenient operation, easy maintenance, and high precision, the test power supply 10 is preferably a variable frequency power supply configured to output power with a voltage and frequency that can be adjusted by AC → DC → AC conversion of power frequency alternating current.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the testing apparatus further comprises a power analyzer 40 configured to measure the load power of the power transformer 30 through at least one voltage transformer PT (3 shown in fig. 1) and at least one current transformer CT (3 shown in fig. 1). For example, a power analyzer model TMS580 available from havele, switzerland may be used. To acquire the test data, at least one voltage transformer PT and at least one current transformer CT are configured to be coupled with lines electrically connecting the second secondary winding 22 and the first primary winding 31, respectively. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and other measuring instruments or sensors may be used for the test.

The operation of an exemplary test device of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the structure of the test device as shown in fig. 1 to 3.

In the on-load tap-changer switching test of the power transformer, the test power supply 10 supplies the intermediate transformer 20 with a voltage corresponding to the test capacity of the power transformer 30, and then performs a cyclic switching operation (for example, 10 times) on the on-load tap-changer of the power transformer 30. Due to the large capacity of the power transformer, the impedance of the power transformer 30 changes abruptly during the on-load tap-changer switching process, resulting in a transient peak current in the test circuit, which transient peak current will be coupled to the output of the test power supply 10 via the intermediate transformer 20. However, since the test apparatus of the present invention includes the energy storage absorbing device between the output terminals of the test power supply 10, such instantaneous peak current can be absorbed, so that the instantaneous current generated in the test power supply is reduced, and the risk of the equipment is reduced.

It should be understood that when the energy storage and absorption device of the present invention is configured to include other modules different from the capacitive module described above, such as an inductive module, a diode module, etc., the principles of the present invention can be applied equally, and thus, the detailed description thereof is omitted.

In summary, the present invention provides a testing apparatus for an on-load tap changer switching test of a power transformer 30, including: a test power supply 10 having a first output terminal 101, a second output terminal 102 and a third output terminal 103 and configured to output three-phase alternating current through the first output terminal 101, the second output terminal 102 and the third output terminal 103; an intermediate transformer 20 including a second primary winding 21 and a second secondary winding 22, the second primary winding 21 being configured to be electrically connected to the test power source 10, the second secondary winding 22 being configured to be electrically connected to the first primary winding 31 of the power transformer 30; and an energy storage absorption device 50 electrically connected to the first output terminal 101, the second output terminal 102 and the third output terminal 103 and configured to absorb an instantaneous peak current generated in the power transformer 30 and coupled to the first output terminal 101, the second output terminal 102 and the third output terminal 103 via the intermediate transformer 20 in an on-load tap-changer switching test to suppress an impact of the instantaneous peak current on the test power supply 10. The testing device can reduce the instantaneous current in the testing power supply and reduce the equipment risk.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (8)

1. A test device for on-load tap changer switching tests of a power transformer (30), said power transformer (30) comprising a first primary winding (31) and a first secondary winding (32), characterized in that said test device comprises:

a test power supply (10) having a first output terminal (101), a second output terminal (102) and a third output terminal (103) and configured to output three-phase alternating current through the first output terminal (101), the second output terminal (102) and the third output terminal (103);

an intermediate transformer (20) comprising a second primary winding (21) and a second secondary winding (22), said second primary winding (21) being configured to be electrically connected to said test power source (10), said second secondary winding (22) being configured to be electrically connected to said first primary winding (31) of said power transformer (30); and

an energy storage absorption device (50) electrically connected to the first output (101), the second output (102) and the third output (103) and configured to absorb transient peak currents generated in the power transformer (30) and coupled to the first output (101), the second output (102) and the third output (103) via the intermediate transformer (20) in the on-load tap-changer switching test to suppress an impact of the transient peak currents on the test power supply (10).

2. Test device according to claim 1, wherein the energy storage and absorption means (50) comprise a first capacitive module (C1), a second capacitive module (C2) and a third capacitive module (C3), wherein the first capacitive module (C1) is electrically connected to the first output (101) and the second output (102), the second capacitive module (C2) is electrically connected to the second output (102) and the third output (103), and the third capacitive module (C3) is electrically connected to the first output (101) and the third output (103).

3. Test device according to claim 2, characterized in that each of the first capacitive module (C1), the second capacitive module (C2) and the third capacitive module (C3) comprises a plurality of capacitors connected in series and/or in parallel.

4. Test device according to claim 3, characterized in that each capacitive module comprises a first capacitor (C11), a second capacitor (C12), a third capacitor (C13) and a fourth capacitor (C14), wherein the first capacitor (C11) and the third capacitor (C13) are connected in series, the second capacitor (C12) and the fourth capacitor (C14) are connected in series, and a first component formed by the series connection of the first capacitor (C11) and the third capacitor (C13) is connected in parallel with a second component formed by the series connection of the second capacitor (C12) and the fourth capacitor (C14);

wherein each capacitive module further comprises a bypass conductor corresponding to at least one of the first capacitor (C11), the second capacitor (C12), the third capacitor (C13) and the fourth capacitor (C14) for bypassing the at least one capacitor;

wherein a ratio of a minimum value and a maximum value among capacitance capacities of the first capacitor (C11), the second capacitor (C12), the third capacitor (C13), and the fourth capacitor (C14) is in a range of 0.1 to 1.

5. Test device according to claim 4, characterized in that each capacitive module further comprises a first switch (K1), the first switch (K1) being connected in the first component and being configured to electrically disconnect the first component when the first switch (K1) is open and to connect the first component in parallel with the second component when the first switch (K1) is closed.

6. Test device according to claim 5, characterized in that each capacitive module further comprises a first bypass wire (L1), a second bypass wire (L2), a second switch (K2) and a third switch (K3), wherein the second switch (K2) and the third switch (K3) are single-pole double-throw switches, a first end of the first bypass wire (L1) is electrically connected with a first end of the first capacitor (C11), a second end of the first bypass wire (L1) is electrically connected with a first terminal of the second switch (K2), a second terminal of the second switch (K2) is electrically connected with a second end of the first capacitor (C11), a third terminal of the second switch (K2) is electrically connected with a first end of the third capacitor (C13), such that when the third terminal of the second switch (K638) is electrically connected with the first terminal of the second switch (K11) the first terminal of the first capacitor (C2) is connected with the first bypass capacitor (C13) A wire (L1) bypasses, and a second end of the first capacitor (C11) is electrically shorted to a first end of the third capacitor (C13) when a third terminal of the second switch (K2) is in communication with a second terminal of the second switch (K2); a first end of the second bypass wire (L2) is electrically connected with a first end of the second capacitor (C12), a second end of the second bypass wire (L2) is electrically connected with a first terminal of the third switch (K3), a second terminal of the third switch (K3) is electrically connected with a second terminal of the second capacitor (C12), a third terminal of the third switch (K3) is electrically connected with a first end of the fourth capacitor (C14), such that the second capacitor (C12) is bypassed by the second bypass wire (L2) when the third terminal of the third switch (K3) is in communication with the first terminal of the third switch (K3), and the second end of the second capacitor (C12) is electrically shorted to the first end of the fourth capacitor (C14) when the third terminal of the third switch (K3) is in communication with the second terminal of the third switch (K3).

7. Test rig according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that it further comprises a power analyzer (40) configured to measure the load power of the power transformer (30) by means of at least one voltage transformer (PT) and at least one Current Transformer (CT).

8. Test device according to claim 7, characterized in that said at least one voltage transformer (PT) and said at least one Current Transformer (CT) are configured to be coupled with lines electrically connecting said second secondary winding (22) and said first primary winding (31), respectively.

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