CN114562824A - Heat energy collecting and power generating utilization system for household garbage landfill - Google Patents
Heat energy collecting and power generating utilization system for household garbage landfill Download PDFInfo
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- CN114562824A CN114562824A CN202210087597.2A CN202210087597A CN114562824A CN 114562824 A CN114562824 A CN 114562824A CN 202210087597 A CN202210087597 A CN 202210087597A CN 114562824 A CN114562824 A CN 114562824A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24V—COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F24V30/00—Apparatus or devices using heat produced by exothermal chemical reactions other than combustion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
- F01K27/02—Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system for collecting heat energy of a household garbage landfill and utilizing power generation. A gas collection vertical shaft is arranged in a landfill garbage pile body in a drilling mode, a vertical shaft type heat exchanger is arranged in the vertical shaft, an annular silicon crystal net is arranged around the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is connected to a heat exchange station through a circulating pump, and the heat exchange station is connected to a power station. The gas collection vertical shaft is lined with a gravel layer, a liquid discharge pipe and a sludge pumping pipe are arranged in the vertical shaft, and the lower end of the sludge pumping pipe penetrates through the through hole partition plate and then extends into the bottom of the shaft; the lower end of the liquid discharge pipe extends to a position close to the through hole partition plate and is connected with a submersible pump; the upper end port of the gas collection vertical shaft is provided with a fixed sealing port, and the upper end of the gas collection vertical shaft is also provided with an air outlet pipe. A small-caliber gas injection pipe is arranged between the adjacent gas collection vertical shafts. The invention has 3 functions of reducing leachate liquid level, collecting landfill gas and collecting landfill body heat energy, has the advantages of high heat exchange efficiency, good durability, low cost and the like, and has application prospect in sealing treatment and resource utilization of large-scale landfill sites.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system for collecting and generating energy by-products generated by degrading garbage, in particular to a system suitable for collecting and generating electricity in a household garbage landfill.
Background
The municipal solid waste contains a large amount of organic matters, and can be biochemically degraded after landfill treatment to generate leachate, landfill gas and heat, wherein the landfill gas and the heat have resource property, the landfill gas collection and power generation use the existing mature technology and are applied to a plurality of large-scale landfill sites, and the heat energy accumulated by the landfill sites is less questionable.
The prior art for recovering the heat energy of the landfill site is a ground source heat pump technology, and the published related patents have the following limitations:
1. the heat energy collection efficiency is low. For example, a heat energy recovery device for a refuse landfill disclosed in patent No. CN200920207358.6 is suitable for anaerobic sanitary landfills adopted in most areas of China, and ignores rich heat energy generated by the landfills in an aerobic state. In addition, the device does not clearly specify the influence of factors such as the drilling depth of the heat exchanger on the heat capacity of the landfill site, and has the problem of low heat collection efficiency of the heat exchanger.
2. Drilling a well requires additional capital and presents a risk. For example, patent No. CN200920207358.6 discloses a heat energy recovery device for a refuse landfill, which collects heat energy of the landfill by using a ground source heat pump technology, and needs to drill holes and drill wells in the landfill, which is not only expensive, but also may affect the engineering properties of the existing drainage and seepage-proofing structure, such as the installation of vertical wells, which need to drill holes in the covering layer, and the openings of geomembrane have risks of rain infiltration and leakage of landfill gas.
3. The durability of the heat exchanger components is poor in a high-temperature and high-corrosive environment. The landfill environment is different from the application environment of the traditional ground heat pump technology, high-temperature and high-corrosivity landfill gas and percolate in the landfill have obvious influence on the durability of the reinforcement cage and the heat exchange tube, and the durability of the components in the currently published landfill heat energy recovery device, such as the patent number CN200920207358.6, does not consider.
In conclusion, the existing landfill site heat energy collection technology does not solve the problems that (1) the heat energy collection efficiency is low; (2) the drilling and well drilling need extra expense and have risks and (3) the problem of poor durability of a reinforcement cage and a heat exchange tube in a high-temperature and high-corrosivity landfill environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the existing landfill heat energy collection technology, the invention aims to construct a landfill heat energy collection system with good durability and economy, wherein the landfill heat energy collection system is used for collecting heat energy generated by garbage fermentation of a household garbage landfill and can be widely applied to heat energy collection and power generation utilization of the household garbage landfill for a long time.
In order to realize the purpose of efficiently recovering heat energy, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention comprises a gas collection vertical shaft, a circulating pump, a heat exchange station, a power station and a covering layer; a gas collection vertical shaft is arranged in a refuse landfill, a vertical shaft type heat exchanger is arranged in the gas collection vertical shaft, an annular silicon crystal net is arranged around the vertical shaft type heat exchanger, the vertical shaft type heat exchanger is connected to a heat exchange station through a circulating pump, and the heat exchange station is connected to a power station.
And a small-caliber gas injection pipe is arranged between the adjacent gas collection vertical shafts and is used for introducing oxygen.
A gas collection vertical shaft is arranged in degraded garbage of a garbage landfill in a drilling mode, gravels are lined outside the gas collection vertical shaft to form a gravel cage, a plurality of through holes are formed in the side wall of the gas collection vertical shaft, a vertical shaft type heat exchanger, a liquid discharge pipe and a sludge pumping pipe are arranged in the gas collection vertical shaft, a through hole partition plate is arranged at the bottom in the gas collection vertical shaft, a conical hole which is communicated up and down and a through hole through which the sludge pumping pipe penetrates are formed in the through hole partition plate, and the lower end of the sludge pumping pipe penetrates through the through hole in the through hole partition plate and then extends into the bottom of the gas collection vertical shaft; the lower ends of the shaft heat exchanger and the liquid discharge pipe are both positioned above the through hole partition plate, and the lower end of the liquid discharge pipe extends to a position close to the through hole partition plate and is connected with the submersible pump; the upper end of the gas collection vertical shaft is provided with a fixed sealing port, the upper ends of the vertical shaft type heat exchanger, the liquid discharge pipe and the silt pumping pipe are all connected and penetrate through the fixed sealing port to be arranged, the upper end of the silt pumping pump extends out of the gas collection vertical shaft and then is connected with the silt pumping pump, the upper end of the gas collection vertical shaft is further provided with a gas outlet pipe, the lower end of the gas outlet pipe is located above a silicon crystal net, and the upper end of the gas outlet pipe penetrates through the fixed sealing port to be arranged.
The landfill yard on set up one deck overburden, the overburden include from the bottom up range upon range of compaction clay and geomembrane of arranging, the geomembrane extends simultaneously and lays the lateral surface to the gas collection shaft.
The gas collection vertical shaft penetrates through the outer surface of the covering layer and is covered with a rubber-plastic heat-insulating material. And the contact part of the gas collection vertical shaft and the covering layer is wrapped by a circle of geomembrane, the upper end of the geomembrane is clamped with the vertical shaft by a clamp, and the ground end is fixed in a welding mode to prevent the risk of rainfall infiltration or landfill gas leakage at the opening part of the covering layer.
The upper end of the shaft heat exchanger is respectively connected with a water inlet pipeline and a water outlet pipeline, and the water inlet pipeline and the water outlet pipeline are wrapped by a heat insulation sleeve when penetrating through the fixed sealing port.
The shaft heat exchangers in each gas collection shaft are connected to an external circulating pump through a switch valve, a flexible joint and a temperature regulating valve, all the shaft heat exchangers in each gas collection shaft are divided into a plurality of groups, heat exchange tubes of the shaft heat exchangers in each group are connected in series through pipelines and then are connected with the switch valves, and different groups are connected in parallel and then are connected to a water inlet pipeline/a water outlet pipeline through the flexible joint; the water outlet pipeline is provided with a temperature regulating valve and is connected with the circulating pump through the temperature regulating valve.
The heat exchange tube of the shaft heat exchanger adopts a W-shaped heat exchange tube or a double U-shaped heat exchange tube, and is made of fluoroplastic.
The heat exchange tube of the shaft heat exchanger adopts double U-shaped heat exchange tubes, each double U-shaped heat exchange tube is composed of two independent U-shaped heat exchange tubes, one ends of the two U-shaped heat exchange tubes are communicated with a water inlet pipeline, and one ends of the two U-shaped heat exchange tubes are communicated with a water outlet pipeline.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the invention, the heat exchange tube is additionally arranged in the gas collection vertical shaft to construct the vertical shaft type heat exchanger, so that the gas collection vertical shaft is added with the function of collecting heat energy of a landfill body on the basis of reducing the liquid level of leachate and collecting landfill gas, and the gas collection vertical shaft has the advantage of low manufacturing cost;
2) the shaft type heat exchanger component has good durability to acid gas mist in the well and good tightness;
3) when the anaerobic degradation rate of the domestic garbage landfill is low and the heat energy storage is insufficient, oxygen is injected into the pile body, so that the landfill garbage generates aerobic reaction, further generates heat, and the heat capacity of the landfill can be obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal energy collection and power generation utilization system for a domestic waste landfill.
FIG. 2 is a front view of a shaft heat exchanger.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line a-a in fig. 2.
FIG. 4 is a view of a W-shaped shaft heat exchange tube and layout.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of a double U-shaped shaft heat exchange tube and arrangement.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the addressing of a shaft heat exchanger.
Fig. 7 is a view of a monitoring point arrangement.
In the figure: 1. degrading the garbage; 2. a water inlet pipe; 3. a shaft heat exchanger; 4. a gas collection vertical shaft; 5. a gas injection pipe; 6. a water outlet pipeline; 7. a circulation pump; 8. a heat exchange station; 9. a power station; 10. a silicon crystal network; 11. a heat exchange pipe; 12. fixing the sealing port; 13. a cover layer; 14. a submersible pump; 15. a thermal insulation sleeve; 16. a liquid discharge pipe; 17. an air outlet pipe; 18. pumping a silt pipe; 19. a sludge pump; 20. a through hole spacer; 21. gravel cages; 22. compacting clay; 23. a geomembrane; 24. a rubber-plastic heat-insulating material; 25. a clamp; 26. welding; 27. a W-shaped heat exchange tube; 28. double U-shaped heat exchange tubes; 29. a pipe connection valve; 30. an on-off valve; 31. a flexible joint; 32. a temperature regulating valve.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodied system comprises a gas collection shaft 4, a circulation pump 7, a heat exchange station 8, a power station 9 and a cover layer 13; the gas collection vertical shaft 4 is arranged in the refuse landfill from top to bottom, the vertical shaft type heat exchanger 3 is arranged in the gas collection vertical shaft 4, an annular silicon crystal net 10 is arranged around a heat exchange tube 11 of the vertical shaft type heat exchanger 3, the silicon crystal net 10 is fixedly connected with the heat exchange tube 11 of the vertical shaft type heat exchanger 3, the vertical shaft type heat exchangers 3 are connected to a heat exchange station 8 through a circulating pump 7, and the heat exchange station 8 is connected to a power station 9. The circulating pump 7, the heat exchange station 8 and the power station 9 are all arranged outside the refuse landfill.
A small-caliber gas injection pipe 5 is also arranged between the adjacent gas collection vertical shafts 4, and the small-caliber gas injection pipe 5 is used for introducing oxygen so as to promote the aerobic degradation of the garbage pile body and increase the thermal capacity of the landfill.
In the specific implementation, when the anaerobic degradation reaction of the refuse landfill enters a slow speed stage, on the basis of anaerobic sanitary landfill, quasi-aerobic treatment is adopted, a small-caliber gas injection pipe with a smaller caliber is arranged between gas collection vertical shafts with larger calibers, oxygen is injected into the refuse dump to promote the aerobic degradation of the refuse dump, the temperature in the landfill is obviously increased, the highest temperature can reach 60 ℃, and the thermal capacity of the landfill is further increased.
The gas collection vertical shaft 3 is arranged in the degraded garbage 1 of the garbage landfill by drilling, gravels are lined outside the gas collection vertical shaft 3 to form a gravel cage 21, a plurality of through holes are formed in the side wall of the gas collection vertical shaft 4, the heat exchange tube 11, the liquid discharge tube 16 and the silt pumping tube 18 of the vertical shaft type heat exchanger 3 are arranged in the gas collection vertical shaft 4, a through hole partition plate 20 is arranged at the bottom in the gas collection vertical shaft 4, a conical hole which is through up and down and a through hole which the silt pumping tube 18 penetrates through are formed in the through hole partition plate 20, and the conical hole is in a horn shape with a large top and a small bottom. The lower end of the silt pumping pipe 18 passes through the through hole on the through hole clapboard 20 and then extends into the bottom of the gas collection vertical shaft 4; the lower ends of the heat exchange tube 11 and the liquid discharge tube 16 of the shaft heat exchanger 3 are both positioned above the through hole partition plate 20, and the lower end of the liquid discharge tube 16 extends to a position close to the through hole partition plate 20 and is connected with the submersible pump 14; the upper port of the gas collection vertical shaft 4 is provided with a fixed sealing port 12, the upper ends of a heat exchange tube 11, a liquid discharge tube 16 and a silt pumping tube 18 of the vertical shaft type heat exchanger 3 are all connected and penetrate through the fixed sealing port 12 to be arranged, the upper end of the silt pumping pump 19 extends out of the gas collection vertical shaft 4 and then is connected with the silt pumping pump 19, the silt pumping pump 19 is positioned above the through hole partition plate 20 and only keeps a certain gap with the through hole partition plate 20, the upper end of the gas collection vertical shaft 4 is also provided with an air outlet pipe 17, the lower end of the air outlet pipe 17 is positioned above the silicon crystal net 10, and the upper end of the air outlet pipe 17 penetrates through the fixed sealing port 12 to be arranged.
The vertical shaft type heat exchanger cancels heat conduction materials in the traditional heat exchanger, takes high-temperature landfill gas in the gas collection vertical shaft as heat conduction media, and the high-temperature landfill gas is directly contacted with the heat exchange tube, so that the heat transfer efficiency is improved.
And moreover, the landfill gas in the gas collection shaft contains a certain amount of acid gas such as hydrogen sulfide, and leachate and sludge at the lower part of the shaft body cause large moisture in the shaft, so that acid aerosol influencing the durability of the internal facilities is formed.
The number of the gas collection vertical shafts connected to the heat energy collection system is determined by the heat capacity of the landfill, the gas collection vertical shafts drilled to the depth of less than 9m are selected, the temperature generated by garbage fermentation at the depth is not obviously influenced by the surface environment temperature, the temperature is stable and can be as high as 60 ℃, and therefore the heat capacity at the position is large, and abundant heat energy can be collected.
The degraded garbage 1 in the garbage landfill site can generate byproducts including leachate, landfill gas, heat and the like, wherein the leachate includes precipitate, the precipitate is solid substances in the degraded garbage 1, and the heat is transferred by taking the landfill gas as a medium.
Landfill gas generated by degrading the garbage 1 penetrates through the gap of the gravel cage 21 and then enters the gas collection vertical shaft 4 through the through hole in the side wall of the gas collection vertical shaft 4, heat is transferred to the heat exchange tube 11 through direct contact of the landfill gas and the heat exchange tube by taking the landfill gas as a medium, then is transferred to circulating water in the heat exchange tube 11, and is taken out by the circulating pump 7 and transferred to the heat exchange station 8.
Leachate generated by degrading the garbage 1 penetrates through the gap of the gravel cage 21 and then enters the gas collection vertical shaft 4 through the through hole on the side wall of the gas collection vertical shaft 4, and sediment in the leachate enters the gas collection vertical shaft 4 through the through hole on the side wall and then sinks to the bottom of the gas collection vertical shaft 4 through the tapered hole of the through hole partition plate 20 under the action of gravity, and is pumped out from the silt pumping pipe 18 by the operation of a silt pumping pump 19; meanwhile, the percolate after the sediment is removed is discharged from the liquid discharge pipe 16 through the operation of the submersible pump 14, and the submersible pump 14 is positioned below the liquid level of the percolate.
A covering layer 13 is arranged on the landfill site, the covering layer 13 comprises compacted clay 22 and a geomembrane 23 which are arranged in a stacking mode from bottom to top, and the geomembrane 23 extends to the outer side face of the gas collection vertical shaft 4 and is fixed through a clamp 25.
In specific implementation, the gas collection vertical shaft 4 penetrates through the covering layer and is exposed out of the ground, the exposed part of the gas collection vertical shaft 4 needs to be wrapped with a rubber-plastic heat-insulating material 24, a circle of geomembrane is wrapped at the contact part of the gas collection vertical shaft 4 and the covering layer, the upper end of the geomembrane is clamped with the vertical shaft by a clamp, and the ground end is fixed in a welding mode to form a welding part 26.
The upper end of the shaft heat exchanger 3 is respectively connected with a water inlet pipeline 2 and a water outlet pipeline, the water inlet pipeline 2 and the water outlet pipeline 6 penetrate through a fixed sealing port 12 at the top of the well body and extend into the well body, and when the water inlet pipeline 2 and the water outlet pipeline 6 penetrate through the fixed sealing port 12, a heat insulation sleeve 15 is wrapped outside.
Low-temperature water is input into a heat exchange pipe 11 of the shaft type heat exchanger 3 through the water inlet pipeline 2, heat exchange is carried out through direct contact with high-temperature landfill gas, heat is transferred from a high-temperature area to a low-temperature area, and heated water flow is output from the water outlet pipeline 6 and input into the heat exchange station 8 through the circulating pump 7 to be used for power generation.
The shaft heat exchangers 3 in each gas collection shaft 4 are connected to an external circulating pump 7 through a switch valve 30, a flexible joint 31 and a temperature regulating valve 32, all the shaft heat exchangers 3 in each gas collection shaft 4 are divided into a plurality of groups, the heat exchange tubes 11 of each shaft heat exchanger 3 in each group are connected in series through pipelines, different groups are connected in parallel and then are respectively connected to a water inlet pipeline 2 and a water outlet pipeline 6, the heat exchange tubes 11 of each shaft heat exchanger 3 in each group are connected in series through pipelines and then are connected with the switch valve 30, and different groups are connected in parallel and then are connected to the water inlet pipeline 2/the water outlet pipeline 6 through the flexible joint 31; the outlet pipe 6 is provided with a temperature regulating valve 32, and the outlet pipe 6 is connected with the circulating pump 7 through the temperature regulating valve 32.
The heat exchange tube 11 of the shaft type heat exchanger 3 adopts fluoroplastic instead of high temperature resistant polyethylene PE, and the fluoroplastic tube not only has high temperature resistance, but also has excellent chemical corrosion resistance, and is suitable for high-corrosion environment in a landfill gas-collecting shaft.
The heat exchange tube 11 of the shaft heat exchanger 3 adopts a W-shaped heat exchange tube 27 or a double U-shaped heat exchange tube 28, the heat exchange path is twice of that of a single U-shaped heat exchange tube, and the heat collection efficiency is higher.
The heat exchange tube 11 of the shaft heat exchanger 3 adopts a W-shaped heat exchange tube 27, and the W-shaped heat exchange tube 27 is arranged in a three-dimensional W shape.
The heat exchange tube 11 of the shaft heat exchanger 3 adopts a double-U-shaped heat exchange tube 28, the double-U-shaped heat exchange tube 28 is composed of two independent U-shaped heat exchange tubes, one ends of the two U-shaped heat exchange tubes are communicated with the water inlet pipeline 2, and one ends of the two U-shaped heat exchange tubes are communicated with the water outlet pipeline 6.
The W-shaped heat exchange tube 27 is fixed through the fixed sealing port 12 and led out of the shaft heat exchanger 3. The W-shaped heat exchange tubes 27 in the plurality of shaft heat exchangers 3 are connected in series through the transmission and distribution pipeline branch tubes and the pipeline connecting valves 29 to form a heat exchange unit, and then are connected in parallel with other heat exchange units to the transmission and distribution pipeline header pipe as shown in FIG. 4b, and each parallel heat exchange unit is provided with a switch valve 30 to facilitate the future connection or disconnection of the heat exchange unit. The joints and nodes of distribution piping are typically joined using flexible joints 31 to prevent them from frequently breaking without withstanding the uneven settling of the landfill. The path where the W-shaped heat exchange tubes 27 connected in series are in contact with the heat conductive material is longer than the path where the heat exchange tubes 11 all connected in parallel are in contact with the heat conductive material, and thus the heat collecting efficiency is higher.
To the shaft heat exchanger 3 that connects according to the parallel mode, it is more convenient that the heat exchanger is add in the later stage, can be according to the heat energy demand moreover, the quantity of control access heat exchange tube 11. Double U-shaped heat exchange tubes 28 are arranged in the parallel shaft type heat exchanger 3 to increase the contact path between the heat exchange tubes and the heat conduction material, and the double U-shaped heat exchange tubes 28 are all connected into a transmission and distribution pipeline header pipe and other heat exchange tubes 11 in a parallel mode to be connected with a figure 5 b. The two heat exchange tubes can be fixed by releasing, so that the repeated utilization is realized.
The examples of the invention are as follows:
example 1
The embodiment is an example of the requirements of collecting heat energy of small and medium-sized domestic garbage landfill sites and utilizing power generation on the aspect of realizing the whole device and operation by adopting the shaft heat exchanger with the W-shaped heat exchange tube on the basis of summary.
1. Installation heat energy collecting device
A gas collecting vertical shaft with the depth of 10m and the diameter of 400mm is drilled in a small and medium-sized domestic garbage landfill site, a vertical shaft type heat exchanger is arranged, as shown in figure 6, the vertical shaft type heat exchangers are arranged in a regular triangle, and the distance between every two adjacent vertical shaft type heat exchangers is
Wherein R is the influence radius and is 45 m; the heat exchange tube is made of fluoroplastic, the diameter (d) outside the tube is 16mm, and the wall thickness is 2.2 mm; the heat exchange tubes are arranged in a W shape, the W-shaped heat exchange tubes are tightly attached to the silicon crystal net for measuring and binding, and are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the silicon crystal net, the silicon crystal net is bent into a ring shape, and the lap joint of the silicon crystal net is bound; putting the W-shaped heat exchange tube and the silicon crystal net into a gas collection vertical well; the upper end of the W-shaped heat exchange tube is respectively connected with a water inlet pipeline and a water outlet pipeline, a pipe orifice passes through the fixed sealing port and is led out of the well, the water inlet pipeline and the water outlet pipeline are preferably externally wrapped with a heat insulation sleeve when passing through the fixed sealing port, and the heat exchange tube is arranged in the middle; the shaft heat exchanger penetrates through the covering layer and extends out of the gravel cage, the exposed part of the shaft heat exchanger needs to be wrapped with an A-grade rubber-plastic heat-insulating material, the wall thickness is 20mm, a circle of geomembrane is wrapped at the contact part of the shaft heat exchanger and the covering layer, the upper end of the geomembrane is clamped with the shaft by a clamp, and the ground end is fixed in a welding mode to form a welding part; the W-shaped heat exchange tubes in the plurality of vertical shaft type heat exchangers are connected in series through the transmission and distribution pipeline branch tubes and the pipeline connecting valves to form a heat exchange unit, and then are connected in parallel with other heat exchange units to the transmission and distribution pipeline main pipe; the transmission and distribution pipeline is also made of fluoroplastic pipes, the outer wall of the transmission and distribution pipeline is wrapped by an A-grade rubber plastic heat-insulating material, and the minimum bending radius of the transmission and distribution pipeline is 20d at the normal temperature of 20 ℃; switch valves are arranged at different positions along the transmission and distribution pipeline so as to isolate different heat exchange units when the system is checked and expanded; the joints and joints of the distribution pipes are usually connected by flexible joints to prevent the joints and joints from being frequently broken due to the uneven settlement of the degraded garbage dump body; a circulating pump is arranged on the water outlet pipeline loop to promote hot water in the transmission and distribution pipeline to circulate, the rated pressure of the pipeline is not less than 1.0MPa, and the flow rate is in consideration of future requirements, such as the possibility of increasing or expanding a heat exchange unit or separating the heat exchange unit from a heat energy collecting device in the future; the temperature of circulating water in the water outlet pipeline loop is controlled to be 41 ℃ through a temperature control valve, and the circulating water is input into the heat exchange station. In the construction process, after the heat exchange tube is fixed on the silicon crystal net in the step (1), before the heat exchange tube is put into a well; (2) after each heat exchange unit is connected to the main pipe of the transmission and distribution pipelineAnd in the process of pressure inspection of the heat exchange pipeline, the heat exchange pipeline is required to be repaired and replaced in time when damaged.
2. Operation and monitoring
In the running process, the running state parameters of the heat energy collecting device are monitored, wherein the running state parameters comprise inlet/outlet water temperature, flow, pressure and the like; monitoring holes are respectively arranged inside and outside the heat exchange area, the number of the monitoring holes in a single project is not less than 3, the distribution density of measuring points in the single monitoring hole reflects the temperature distribution rule and the change characteristics of stratums with different depths, monitoring points are arranged on the inner side of the silicon crystal net along the vertical direction, the distance from the monitoring points to the top of the silicon crystal net is 0m, 5m and 10m, and the monitoring points are respectively marked as A, B, C (figure 7 a).
3. Drilling small-diameter gas injection pipe and gas injection operation
When the anaerobic degradation rate of the domestic garbage landfill site is low, the heat energy storage is insufficient, and the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, a gas injection pipe with the diameter of 110mm is arranged between adjacent gas collecting vertical shafts, the material of the small-diameter gas injection pipe is galvanized steel, holes with the diameter of 6mm are uniformly formed in the pipe wall of the gas injection pipe, gravels with the particle size of more than 10mm are arranged outside the gas injection pipe, oxygen is injected into the gas injection pipe to promote the aerobic degradation of the garbage pile body, and when the heat capacity of the garbage pile body is further improved and the temperature is increased to 60 ℃, the heat energy collecting device is continuously operated to collect the heat energy of the domestic garbage landfill site.
4. Stopping thermal energy recovery
The anaerobic stage of the medium and small-sized domestic garbage landfill lasts for about 5 years, and the heat energy recovery can be stopped after the heat energy collecting device is maintained to operate for 5 years.
Example 2
The embodiment is an example of the requirements of collecting heat energy of a large-scale domestic garbage landfill and utilizing power generation on the aspect of realizing integral device and operation by using a shaft heat exchanger with double U-shaped heat exchange tubes on the basis of summary.
1. Installation heat energy collecting device
A gas collection vertical shaft with the depth of 20m and the diameter of 800mm is drilled in a large domestic garbage landfill site, a vertical shaft type heat exchanger is arranged, as shown in figure 6, the vertical shaft type heat exchangers are arranged in a regular triangle, and the distance between every two adjacent vertical shaft type heat exchangers is
Wherein R is the influence radius and is 45 m; the heat exchange tube is made of fluoroplastic, the diameter (d) outside the tube is 16mm, and the wall thickness is 2.2 mm; two U-shaped heat exchange tubes are arranged in a vertical shaft with the diameter of 800mm, the double U-shaped heat exchange tubes are tightly adhered to the silicon crystal net for binding, the double U-shaped heat exchange tubes are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the silicon crystal net, the silicon crystal net is bent into a ring shape, and the lapping part of the silicon crystal net is bound; putting the double U-shaped heat exchange tubes and the silicon crystal net into a gas collection vertical well; the pipe orifice of the double U-shaped heat exchange pipe penetrates through the fixed sealing port and is led out of the well, the heat exchange pipe is wrapped with a heat insulation sleeve when penetrating through the fixed sealing port, and the heat exchange pipe is centered; the shaft heat exchanger penetrates through the covering layer and extends out of the gravel cage, the exposed part of the shaft heat exchanger needs to be wrapped with an A-grade rubber-plastic heat-insulating material, the wall thickness is 20mm, a circle of geomembrane is wrapped at the contact part of the shaft heat exchanger and the covering layer, the upper end of the geomembrane is clamped with the shaft by a clamp, and the ground end is fixed in a welding mode to form a welding part; the double U-shaped heat exchange tubes are connected into a main pipe of the transmission and distribution pipeline and connected with other heat exchange tubes in a parallel connection mode, the transmission and distribution pipeline is also made of fluoroplastic tubes, the outer wall of the transmission and distribution pipeline is wrapped by an A-grade rubber and plastic heat insulation material, and the minimum bending radius of the transmission and distribution pipeline is 20d at the normal temperature of 20 ℃; switch valves are arranged at different positions along the transmission and distribution pipeline so as to isolate different heat exchange units when the system is checked and expanded; joints and joints of distribution pipelines are usually connected by flexible joints to prevent the joints and joints from being frequently broken due to the fact that the joints and joints cannot withstand uneven settlement of landfills; a circulating pump is arranged on the water outlet pipeline loop to promote hot water in the transmission and distribution pipeline to circulate, the rated pressure of the pipeline is not less than 1.0MPa, and the flow rate is in consideration of future requirements, such as the possibility of increasing or expanding a landfill unit or separating the landfill unit from a heat energy collecting device in the future; the temperature of circulating water in the water outlet pipeline loop is controlled to be 41 ℃ through a temperature control valve, and the circulating water is input into the heat exchange station. In the construction process, after the heat exchange tube is fixed on the silicon crystal net in the step (1), before the heat exchange tube is put into a well; (2) after all the double-U-shaped heat exchange pipes are connected to the main pipe of the transmission and distribution pipeline, the heat exchange pipeline is required to be repaired and replaced in time when damaged in the pressure checking process.
2. Operation and monitoring
In the running process, the running state parameters of the heat energy collecting device are monitored, wherein the running state parameters comprise inlet/outlet water temperature, flow, pressure and the like; monitoring holes are respectively arranged inside and outside the heat exchange area, the number of the monitoring holes in a single project is not less than 3, the distribution density of measurement points in the single monitoring hole reflects the temperature distribution rule and the change characteristics of stratums with different depths, monitoring points are arranged on the inner side of the silicon crystal net along the vertical direction, the distances from the monitoring points to the upper surface of a covering layer are respectively 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20m, and the monitoring points are respectively marked as A ', B ', C ', D ' and E ' (figure 7B).
3. Setting up gas injection pipe and gas injection operation
When the anaerobic degradation rate of the domestic garbage landfill site is low, the heat energy storage is insufficient, and the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, a gas injection pipe with the diameter of 110mm is arranged between adjacent gas collecting vertical shafts, the gas injection pipe material is made of galvanized steel, holes are uniformly formed in the pipe wall of the gas injection pipe, the diameter of each hole is 6mm, gravels with the particle size of more than 10mm are arranged outside the gas injection pipe, oxygen is injected into the gas injection pipe, the garbage pile body is promoted to be subjected to aerobic degradation, and when the heat capacity of the garbage pile body is further improved and the temperature is increased to 60 ℃, the heat energy collecting device is continuously operated to collect the heat energy of the domestic garbage landfill site.
4. Stopping thermal energy recovery
The large-scale domestic garbage landfill site has larger heat energy accumulation, the heat recovery time in the anaerobic stage is longer, and the heat energy recovery is stopped after the heat energy collecting device is about to be maintained to operate for 10 years.
Claims (9)
1. A heat energy collection and power generation utilization system for a household garbage landfill is characterized by comprising a gas collection vertical shaft (4), a circulating pump (7), a heat exchange station (8), a power station (9) and a covering layer (13); a gas collection vertical shaft (4) is arranged in a landfill garbage pile body in a drilling mode, a vertical shaft type heat exchanger (3) is arranged in the gas collection vertical shaft (4), an annular silicon crystal net (10) is arranged around the vertical shaft type heat exchanger (3), the vertical shaft type heat exchanger (3) is connected to a heat exchange station (8) through a circulating pump (7), and the heat exchange station (8) is connected to a power station (9).
2. The system for collecting and utilizing heat energy and generating electricity of the household garbage landfill site as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a small-caliber gas injection pipe (5) is also arranged between the adjacent gas collection vertical shafts (4), and the gas injection pipe (5) is used for introducing oxygen.
3. The system for collecting and utilizing heat energy and generating electricity of the household garbage landfill site as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the steps that a gas collection vertical shaft (3) is drilled in degraded garbage (1) of a garbage landfill, gravels are lined outside the gas collection vertical shaft (3) to form a gravel cage (21), a plurality of through holes are formed in the side wall of the gas collection vertical shaft (4), a vertical shaft type heat exchanger (3), a liquid discharge pipe (16) and a silt pumping pipe (18) are arranged in the gas collection vertical shaft (4), a through hole partition plate (20) is arranged at the bottom in the gas collection vertical shaft (4), a conical hole which is through up and down and a through hole which the silt pumping pipe (18) penetrates are formed in the through hole partition plate (20), and the lower end of the silt pumping pipe (18) penetrates through the through hole in the through hole partition plate (20) and then extends into the bottom of the gas collection vertical shaft (4); the lower ends of the shaft heat exchanger (3) and the liquid discharge pipe (16) are both positioned above the through hole partition plate (20), and the lower end of the liquid discharge pipe (16) extends to a position close to the through hole partition plate (20) and is connected with the submersible pump (14); the upper end opening of the gas collection vertical shaft (4) is provided with a fixed sealing opening (12), the upper ends of the vertical shaft type heat exchanger (3), the liquid discharge pipe (16) and the silt pumping pipe (18) are all connected and penetrate through the fixed sealing opening (12) to be arranged, the upper end of the silt pumping pump (19) extends out of the gas collection vertical shaft (4) and then is connected with the silt pumping pump (19), the upper end of the gas collection vertical shaft (4) is further provided with an air outlet pipe (17), the lower end of the air outlet pipe (17) is located on a silicon crystal net (10), and the upper end of the air outlet pipe (17) penetrates through the fixed sealing opening (12) to be arranged.
4. The system for collecting and utilizing heat energy and generating electricity of the household garbage landfill site as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the landfill yard above set up one deck overburden (13), overburden (13) including from the bottom up range upon range of the compaction clay (22) and geomembrane (23) of arranging, geomembrane (23) extend simultaneously and lay the lateral surface to gas collection shaft (4).
5. The system for collecting and utilizing heat energy and generating electricity of the household garbage landfill site as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the gas collection vertical shaft (4) penetrates through the outer surface of the covering layer (13) and is covered with a rubber-plastic heat-insulating material (24).
6. The system for collecting and utilizing heat energy and generating electricity of the household garbage landfill site as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper end of the shaft heat exchanger (3) is respectively connected with a water inlet pipeline (2) and a water outlet pipeline (6), and the water inlet pipeline (2) and the water outlet pipeline (6) are wrapped by a heat insulation sleeve (15) when penetrating through the fixed sealing port (12).
7. The system for collecting and utilizing heat energy and generating electricity of the household garbage landfill site as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shaft heat exchangers (3) in each gas collection shaft (4) are connected to an external circulating pump (7) through a switch valve (30), a flexible joint (31) and a temperature regulating valve (32), all the shaft heat exchangers (3) in each gas collection shaft (4) are divided into a plurality of groups, heat exchange tubes (11) of each shaft heat exchanger (3) in each group are connected in series through pipelines and then are connected with the switch valve (30), and different groups are connected in parallel and then are connected to a water inlet pipeline (2)/a water outlet pipeline (6) through the flexible joint (31); a temperature regulating valve (32) is arranged at the water outlet pipeline (6), and the water outlet pipeline (6) is connected with the circulating pump (7) through the temperature regulating valve (32).
8. The system for collecting and utilizing heat energy and generating electricity of the household garbage landfill site as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the heat exchange tube (11) of the vertical shaft type heat exchanger (3) adopts a W-shaped heat exchange tube (27) or a double U-shaped heat exchange tube (28).
9. The system for collecting and utilizing heat energy and generating electricity of the household garbage landfill site as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the heat exchange tube (11) of the shaft heat exchanger (3) adopts double U-shaped heat exchange tubes (28), each double U-shaped heat exchange tube (28) is composed of two independent U-shaped heat exchange tubes, one ends of the two U-shaped heat exchange tubes are communicated with the water inlet pipeline (2), and one ends of the two U-shaped heat exchange tubes are communicated with the water outlet pipeline (6).
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| CN201532023U (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-07-21 | 重庆大学 | Rubbish landfill waste heat energy recovery device |
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| EP2705909A1 (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2014-03-12 | Joachim Lehner | Method for the degradation of the organic reaction potential by controlled extraction of landfill gas |
| CN206083379U (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2017-04-12 | 上海胜义环境科技有限公司 | Novel landfill landfill gas collecting system |
| CN207971189U (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-10-16 | 梧州市中水新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of garbage landfill gas collecting vertical shaft |
| CN110813973A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-02-21 | 中科鼎实环境工程有限公司 | Gas pumping and injecting system and method for aerobic treatment of refuse landfill |
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2022
- 2022-01-25 CN CN202210087597.2A patent/CN114562824B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN201532023U (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-07-21 | 重庆大学 | Rubbish landfill waste heat energy recovery device |
| CN202719800U (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-02-06 | 河北雷奥新能源科技股份有限公司 | Superconducting type underground heat energy direct extraction system |
| EP2705909A1 (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2014-03-12 | Joachim Lehner | Method for the degradation of the organic reaction potential by controlled extraction of landfill gas |
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