CN114558951A - Forming method of aluminum alloy rear bumper for secondary energy absorption of automobile - Google Patents
Forming method of aluminum alloy rear bumper for secondary energy absorption of automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN114558951A CN114558951A CN202210048007.5A CN202210048007A CN114558951A CN 114558951 A CN114558951 A CN 114558951A CN 202210048007 A CN202210048007 A CN 202210048007A CN 114558951 A CN114558951 A CN 114558951A
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- aluminum alloy
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- energy absorption
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/88—Making other particular articles other parts for vehicles, e.g. cowlings, mudguards
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for forming an aluminum alloy rear bumper for automobile secondary energy absorption, which comprises the following operation steps: 1) preparing materials: casting: adding alloy elements into an electrolytic aluminum ingot to perform smelting casting; manufacturing the aluminum bar: preparing the fused and cast aluminum alloy into a round aluminum bar; extruding: extruding and molding an aluminum bar on an extruder, wherein the vertical cross section of the molded rear bumper body is of a right-angled trapezoid structure in a shape like a Chinese character mu, and three cavities in the right-angled trapezoid structure are all hollow right-angled trapezoids; 2) and stretch bending: stretch-bending the rear bumper body in a T4 state; 3) and aging treatment: the rear bumper body reaches a T6 state after aging treatment; 4) and (6) inspecting and packaging. The three cavities are adopted, so that collision energy can be absorbed step by step, and the energy absorption effect is improved to the maximum; the process is reasonable, the extrusion is carried out firstly, then the stretch bending is carried out in the T4 state, the state reaches the T6 state after the aging treatment, and the comprehensive performance of the bumper is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobiles, in particular to a method for forming an aluminum alloy rear bumper for secondary energy absorption of an automobile.
Background
Bumpers (bumpers) are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the automobile, and not only have a decoration function, but also are safety devices which have the functions of absorbing and buffering external impact force, protecting the automobile body and protecting the safety of the automobile body and passengers. At present, the front and rear bumpers of the automobile not only keep the original protection function, but also pursue harmony and unity with the shape of the automobile body and pursue the light weight of the automobile. The geometrical shape of the bumper is consistent with the shape of the whole vehicle, so that the appearance is ensured, and the bumper also conforms to the mechanical property and the energy absorption property, so that the energy absorption and the buffering during the collision are ensured.
Bumpers have the effect of providing safety protection, decorating vehicles, and improving the aerodynamics of vehicles. From the aspect of safety, the automobile can play a role in absorbing energy and buffering when a collision accident occurs, front and rear automobile bodies are protected, a safety area to the maximum extent is ensured for a passenger of the automobile, and the injury of the passenger of the automobile when the collision accident occurs is reduced. The pedestrian protection device can play a certain role in protecting pedestrians in case of accidents with the pedestrians. From the appearance, the decorative material has the decorative effect and becomes an important part for decorating the appearance of the car; meanwhile, the automobile bumper has certain aerodynamic effect.
When a new energy automobile collides, the new energy automobile may cause injuries to people in the automobile and limit safety accidents such as battery explosion caused by impact on a power battery.
How to improve the comprehensive performance of rear bumper through the forming technology, how to improve the energy-absorbing effect of rear bumper to the biggest, become the problem that needs to solve urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for forming an aluminum alloy rear bumper for automobile secondary energy absorption, which aims to solve at least one technical problem.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for forming an aluminum alloy rear bumper for secondary energy absorption of an automobile comprises the following operation steps:
1) preparing materials:
casting:
adding alloy elements into an electrolytic aluminum ingot to perform smelting casting;
manufacturing the aluminum bar:
preparing the fused and cast aluminum alloy into a round aluminum bar;
extruding:
1) and extruding and molding the aluminum bar on an extruder:
the vertical cross section of the molded rear bumper body is of a right-angle trapezoid structure in a shape of Chinese character mu, three cavities in the right-angle trapezoid structure are all hollow right-angle trapezoids, the three cavities are a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity in sequence from small to large along the vertical section size, and the right-angle side of the waist part of the right-angle trapezoid structure is parallel to the width direction of a vehicle;
three first through holes which are arranged at intervals are formed in one end of the right-angle side of the waist part of the right-angle trapezoidal structure, and three first waist-shaped holes which are arranged at intervals are formed in the other end of the right-angle side of the waist part of the right-angle trapezoidal structure;
2) and stretch bending:
stretch-bending the rear bumper body in a T4 state;
3) and aging treatment:
the rear bumper body reaches a T6 state after aging treatment;
4) and inspecting and packaging:
the rear bumper body is gradually collapsed during collision, so that the total absorption energy is 25 KJ-35 KJ; the maximum bearing force of the rear bumper body is 117 +/-10 KN.
The invention has reasonable process and low operation cost, adopts the steps of firstly extruding the rear bumper body, then bending the rear bumper body in a T4 state, and achieving the T6 state after aging treatment, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of the bumper, realizing timely deformation in the collision process and realizing the energy absorption effect, avoiding the structure of transmitting energy into the vehicle and behind the vehicle in the collision, protecting the safety of personnel and battery packs in the vehicle to the maximum extent in a limited space, and realizing the feasibility and the light weight requirement of the process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional view of the mounting structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a rear bumper body of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a front view of the rear bumper body of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a front view of the mounting plate of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a graph of an energy absorption test according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph of mechanical property test curves of the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a rear bumper body; 2. mounting a bottom plate; 101. a first cavity; 102. a second cavity; 103. a third cavity; 104. a first through hole; 105. a first kidney-shaped hole; 201. a second through hole; 202. a third through hole; 203. a second kidney shaped aperture.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-7, the structures, ratios, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are only used for understanding and reading the disclosure, and are not used to limit the practical conditions of the present invention, so they have no technical significance, and any structural modifications, ratio changes or size adjustments should fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the function and achievable effect of the present invention. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
In the first embodiment, a method for forming an aluminum alloy rear bumper for secondary energy absorption of an automobile, referring to fig. 5, forming a rear bumper body 1 includes the following steps:
1) preparing materials:
casting:
adding an electrolytic aluminum ingot into an alloy element for smelting and casting, wherein the electrolytic aluminum ingot and the alloy element comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 0.97% of Si, 0.14% of Fe, 0.04% of Cu, 0.52% of Mn, 0.74% of Mg, 0.13% of Cr, 0.03% of Zn, 0.03% of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities;
manufacturing the aluminum bar:
preparing the fused and cast aluminum alloy into a round aluminum bar;
extruding:
1) and extruding and molding the aluminum bar on an extruder:
the vertical cross section of the molded rear bumper body 1 is of a right-angled trapezoid structure in a shape like a Chinese character mu, and three cavities in the right-angled trapezoid structure are all hollow right-angled trapezoids; the maximum bending angle (equivalent 3mm nominal wall thickness) of the aluminum alloy section after vertical extrusion is 60 +/-5 degrees;
2) and stretch bending:
bending the rear bumper body 1 in a T4 state;
3) and aging treatment:
the rear bumper body 1 reaches a T6 state after aging treatment, the aging temperature is 180 +/-5 ℃, and the heat is preserved for 6 hours;
4) and inspecting and packaging:
the grain size of the rear bumper body 1 is 7.65 to 7.9 μm. The invention has reasonable process and low operation cost, adopts the steps of firstly extruding the rear bumper body, then bending the rear bumper body in a T4 state, and achieving the T6 state after aging treatment, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of the bumper, realizing timely deformation in the collision process and realizing the energy absorption effect, avoiding the structure of transmitting energy into the vehicle and behind the vehicle in the collision, protecting the safety of personnel and battery packs in the vehicle to the maximum extent in a limited space, and realizing the feasibility and the light weight requirement of the process.
In the second embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, in the extrusion step in the step 1), the three cavities are a first cavity 101, a second cavity 102 and a third cavity 103 in sequence from small to large along the vertical cross-sectional dimension, and the right-angle side of the waist part of the right-angle trapezoid structure is parallel to the width direction of the vehicle. The three cavities are arranged from small to large, so that collision energy can be absorbed step by step conveniently, when a vehicle knocks into the rear, the third cavity absorbs energy at one stage, the other cavities absorb energy at the second stage, and the energy absorption effect is increased step by the three cavities, so that the energy absorption effect of the rear bumper is improved to the maximum, and the damage in the vehicle caused by the tailgating is greatly reduced; the collision capacity of the whole vehicle is improved, the weight of the vehicle body is reduced, the personal safety of personnel in the vehicle is protected, meanwhile, extreme safety accidents such as battery explosion and the like caused by impact on the power battery are avoided, and the power battery pack of the new energy vehicle is effectively protected.
In the third embodiment, on the basis of the second embodiment, referring to fig. 3, three first through holes 104 arranged at intervals are arranged at one end of a right-angle side of the waist portion of the right-angle trapezoid structure, and three first waist-shaped holes 105 arranged at intervals are arranged at the other end of the right-angle side of the waist portion of the right-angle trapezoid structure. The three first through holes 104 are respectively distributed at three vertexes of the first triangle. The three first kidney-shaped holes 105 are respectively distributed at three vertexes of the second triangle. The three first through holes 104 and the three first kidney-shaped holes 105 are respectively connected with the corresponding installation bottom plate 2 through first bolts and nuts. According to the invention, the three first through holes which are arranged in a triangular manner and the three first kidney-shaped holes which are arranged in a triangular manner are adopted, so that the stress of the mounting base plate and the first bolt after mounting is uniform.
In the fourth embodiment, on the basis of the third embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 4, the mounting base plate 2 is located on the right-angle side of the waist of the right-angle trapezoid structure, a rectangular convex shell is arranged on the end surface of the middle part of the mounting base plate 2, which is close to the rear bumper body 1, a second through hole 201 is arranged on the rectangular convex shell, and the second through holes 201 at the two ends are respectively located at three vertexes of the first triangle and three vertexes of the second triangle. Three third through holes 202 and three second kidney-shaped holes 203 are respectively formed in four corners of the mounting base plate 2, and the long axis direction of the second kidney-shaped holes 203 is parallel to the axial direction of the bumper body 1; the third through hole 202 and the second kidney-shaped hole 203 are respectively installed at the rear of the automobile through second bolts. The second through hole on the rectangular convex shell is adopted, so that the mounting bottom plate is convenient to mount on the rear bumper body; a movable space is reserved for a second bolt arranged at the rear of the automobile by adopting the rectangular convex shell.
Fifth, on the basis of the first embodiment, in the extruding step of the step 1), the thickness of a right-angle side in the right-angle trapezoid structure is 3-5 mm; the thickness of the bevel edge in the right-angle trapezoid structure is 3-4 mm.
In the sixth embodiment and the fifth embodiment, the long axis directions of the three first kidney-shaped holes 105 are parallel to the axial direction of the bumper body 1. The first waist-shaped hole is adopted, so that the mounting position of the mounting bottom plate can be adjusted.
Seventh, on the basis of sixth embodiment, the thickness of the right-angle side in the right-angle trapezoid structure is 4.0 ± 0.25 mm; the thickness of the bevel edge in the right-angled trapezoid structure is 3.3 +/-0.25 mm.
In the eighth embodiment, in the first embodiment, referring to fig. 6, in the inspecting and packaging step of step 4), the rear bumper body 1 is gradually collapsed during collision, so that the total absorbed energy is 25KJ to 35 KJ.
In the ninth embodiment, in addition to the first embodiment, in the checking and packing step of the step 4), the maximum load bearing capacity of the rear bumper body 1 is 117 ± 10 KN.
In the tenth embodiment, in the checking and packaging step of the step 4), the rear bumper body 1 is gradually collapsed when colliding, and the energy absorbed by the three cavities 103 is about: 2-10 KJ; the first cavity 101 and the second cavity 102 absorb energy about: 10 to 20 KJ.
In the eleventh embodiment, referring to fig. 7, in the fusion casting step in the step 1), an aluminum alloy material with a trade mark of 6082T6 is used as the electrolytic aluminum ingot and the alloy elements, the tensile strength Rm is not less than 290Mpa, the yield strength is rp 0.2-270-310 Mpa, and the elongation a50mm is not less than 8%.
Twelfth, the difference from the first embodiment is that in the fusion casting step in the step 1), an aluminum alloy material with the mark number of 8082T6 is adopted as the electrolytic aluminum ingot and the alloy elements.
In specific implementation, generally, the aluminum alloy protection bar is specified in the automobile industry standard of automobile protection bar QC/T095-2013, the material of the aluminum alloy protection bar meets the GB/T3190 requirement (the recommended adopted trade mark is 6061, 6063 and 5052), the mounting plate adopts stainless steel meeting the GB/T20878 requirement (the recommended trade mark is 06Cr19Ni10, 10Cr17 and 1Cr17Mn6Ni5N) or adopts carbon steel meeting the GB/T700 requirement (the recommended trade mark is Q235), and the mounting bottom plate 2 adopts 6111 high-strength aluminum alloy.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for forming an aluminum alloy rear bumper for automobile secondary energy absorption is characterized by comprising the following steps: the molding of the rear bumper body (1) comprises the following operating steps:
1) preparing materials:
casting:
adding alloy elements into an electrolytic aluminum ingot to perform smelting casting;
manufacturing the aluminum bar:
preparing the fused and cast aluminum alloy into a round aluminum bar;
extruding:
1) and extruding and molding the aluminum bar on an extruder:
the vertical cross section of the molded rear bumper body (1) is of a right-angled trapezoid structure in a shape like a Chinese character 'mu', three cavities in the right-angled trapezoid structure are all hollow right-angled trapezoids, the three cavities are a first cavity (101), a second cavity (102) and a third cavity (103) along the vertical section size from small to large, and the right-angled side of the waist of the right-angled trapezoid structure is parallel to the width direction of a vehicle;
one end of the right-angle side of the waist part of the right-angle trapezoidal structure is provided with three first through holes (104) which are arranged at intervals, and the other end of the right-angle side of the waist part of the right-angle trapezoidal structure is provided with three first waist-shaped holes (105) which are arranged at intervals;
2) and stretch bending:
the rear bumper body (1) is subjected to stretch bending in a T4 state;
3) and aging treatment:
the rear bumper body (1) reaches a T6 state after aging treatment;
4) and (6) inspecting and packaging.
2. The method for forming the rear aluminum alloy bumper for the secondary energy absorption of the automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the casting step of the step 1), the electrolytic aluminum ingot and the alloy elements comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 0.97% of Si, 0.14% of Fe, 0.04% of Cu, 0.52% of Mn, 0.74% of Mg, 0.13% of Cr, 0.03% of Zn, 0.03% of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
3. The method for forming the rear aluminum alloy bumper for the secondary energy absorption of the automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the extrusion step of the step 1), the maximum bending angle of the aluminum alloy section after vertical extrusion is 60 +/-5 degrees.
4. The method for forming the rear aluminum alloy bumper for the secondary energy absorption of the automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the aging treatment step of the step 3), the aging temperature is 180 +/-5 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 6 hours.
5. The method for forming the rear aluminum alloy bumper for the secondary energy absorption of the automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 4), the grain size of the rear bumper body (1) is 7.65-7.9 μm.
6. The method for forming the rear aluminum alloy bumper for the secondary energy absorption of the automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 4), in the step of inspecting and packaging, the rear bumper body (1) is gradually collapsed when colliding, so that the total absorption energy is 25 KJ-35 KJ; the maximum bearing force of the rear bumper body (1) is 117 +/-10 KN.
7. The method for forming the rear aluminum alloy bumper for the secondary energy absorption of the automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the checking and packaging step of step 4), the energy absorbed by the third cavity (103) is about: 2-10 KJ; the first cavity (101) and the second cavity (102) absorb energy about: 10 to 20 KJ.
8. The method for forming the rear aluminum alloy bumper for the secondary energy absorption of the automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the inspection and packaging step in the step 4), the three first through holes (104) and the three first waist-shaped holes (105) are respectively connected with the corresponding mounting bottom plates (2) through first bolts and nuts; the rectangular convex shell is provided with a second through hole (201), and the second through holes (201) at two ends are respectively arranged corresponding to the first through hole (104) and the first kidney-shaped hole (105); the three first through holes (104) and the three first kidney-shaped holes (105) are respectively connected with the corresponding mounting bottom plate (2) through first bolts and nuts.
9. The method for forming the rear aluminum alloy bumper for secondary energy absorption of the automobile as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 4), the mounting base plate (2) is located on the right-angle edge of the waist of the right-angle trapezoidal structure, and a rectangular convex shell is arranged on the end face, close to the rear bumper body (1), of the middle of the mounting base plate (2).
10. The method for forming the rear aluminum alloy bumper for secondary energy absorption of the automobile as claimed in claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step of inspecting and packaging in the step 4), the rectangular convex shell is provided with second through holes (201), and the second through holes (201) at two ends are respectively positioned at three vertexes of the first triangle and three vertexes of the second triangle; three third through holes (202) and a second waist-shaped hole (203) are respectively formed in four corners of the mounting base plate (2), and the long axis direction of the second waist-shaped hole (203) is parallel to the axial direction of the bumper body (1).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210048007.5A CN114558951B (en) | 2022-01-17 | 2022-01-17 | Forming method of aluminum alloy rear bumper for automobile secondary energy absorption |
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| CN202210048007.5A CN114558951B (en) | 2022-01-17 | 2022-01-17 | Forming method of aluminum alloy rear bumper for automobile secondary energy absorption |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115351504A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-11-18 | 长春友升汽车科技有限公司 | 7003 high-strength aluminum alloy automobile anti-rolling beam forming process |
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| CN114558951B (en) | 2024-07-19 |
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