CN114558417A - 一种稻田温室气体的减排方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种稻田温室气体的减排方法,将稻田减排材料施入稻田中使稻田减排材料和土壤混合均匀即可,其中,所述稻田减排材料为高铁酸盐改性生物炭。本发明以高铁酸盐改性生物炭作为稻田减排材料,高铁酸盐溶于水后会产生大量的氧原子,能够对稻田土壤中的甲烷厌氧菌等实现有效抑制,从而减少稻田甲烷、氧化亚氮等温室气体的排放;生物炭表面丰富的孔隙结构和多种官能团对温室气体有显著的吸附效果,两种材料混合有助于在稻田温室气体减排方面产生协同效应。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环境保护领域,尤其涉及一种稻田温室气体的减排方法。
背景技术
CH4和N2O分别作为全球第二、第三大温室气体,其增温潜势分别是CO2的34和298倍,农业生产是其最主要的排放源。稻田是CH4排放的重要来源,其排放占我国农业生产CH4总排放的17.83%,农业土壤N2O排放量占到全球人类活动引起的总N2O排放量的60%。因而,稻田温室气体减排的作用不容忽视。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,克服以上背景技术中提到的不足和缺陷,提供一种稻田温室气体的减排方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提出的技术方案为:
一种稻田温室气体的减排方法,将稻田减排材料施入稻田中使稻田减排材料和土壤混合均匀即可,其中,所述稻田减排材料为高铁酸盐改性生物炭。
上述的稻田温室气体的减排方法,优选的,将稻田减排材料施入稻田中后,通过翻耕使稻田减排材料与0~20cm耕层土壤混合均匀。
上述的稻田温室气体的减排方法,优选的,每平方稻田施入1~6kg稻田减排材料。
上述的稻田温室气体的减排方法,优选的,所述稻田减排材料在水稻移栽前3~5天施入。
上述的稻田温室气体的减排方法,优选的,所述稻田温室气体包括甲烷和氧化亚氮中的至少一种。
上述的稻田温室气体的减排方法,优选的,所述高铁酸盐改性生物炭中,高铁酸盐附着在生物炭孔隙的内部和表面。
本发明以生物炭为载体,利用其丰富的孔隙结构和其中保留的氧、氮基官能团对稻田中温室气体进行有效吸附,同时能够迅速提升土壤碳、氮库的稳定性;此外负载在生物质炭表面的高铁酸盐,溶于水后能释放大量的原子氧,增加土壤中的氧气,抑制甲烷和氧化亚氮的生成,同时会迅速形成三价铁和氢氧化铁沉淀物,而三价铁作为甲烷氧化菌生化反应过程的末端电子受体,其量增加可以促进甲烷氧化菌的活性,减少甲烷的排放。
上述的稻田温室气体的减排方法,优选的,所述高铁酸盐改性生物炭是通过以下制备方法获得的:将生物炭、高铁酸盐混合并搅拌均匀,使高铁酸盐附着在生物炭孔隙的内部和表面,即得到稻田减排材料。
上述的稻田温室气体的减排方法,优选的,所述生物炭与高铁酸盐的质量比为(50~100):2。
上述的稻田温室气体的减排方法,优选的,所述高铁酸盐包括高铁酸钾、高铁酸钠、高铁酸钙中的至少一种。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
(1)本发明以高铁酸盐改性生物炭作为稻田减排材料,高铁酸盐溶于水后会产生大量的氧原子,能够对稻田土壤中的甲烷厌氧菌等实现有效抑制,从而减少稻田甲烷、氧化亚氮等温室气体的排放;生物炭表面丰富的孔隙结构和多种官能团对温室气体有显著的吸附效果,两种材料混合有助于在稻田温室气体减排方面产生协同效应。
(2)本发明的稻田温室气体的减排方法的处理工艺简单。
附图说明
图1是不同处理在水稻整个生育期的甲烷累积排放量。
图2是不同处理在水稻整个生育期的氧化亚氮累积排放量。
图3是不同处理甲烷和氧化亚氮对全球增温趋势(GWP)的影响。
图4是不同处理对GHGI值影响。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,下文将结合说明书附图和较佳的实施例对本文发明做更全面、细致地描述,但本发明的保护范围并不限于以下具体实施例。
除非另有定义,下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的,并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
除非另有特别说明,本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。
实施例:
一、制备稻田减排材料高铁酸钠改性生物炭
将生物炭、高铁酸钠混合并搅拌均匀,使高铁酸钠充分附着在生物炭孔隙的内部和表面,其中,生物炭、高铁酸钠的质量比为100:2,即得到稻田减排材料。
二、实施方案
2.1试验地点
本试验在湖南省长沙市北山镇基地开展,东经112°56′15〞,北27°54′55〞。地处东亚季风区中,属于亚热带季风湿润气候,气候温和,热量丰富,降雨充沛,日照较足,四季分明。
2.2试验设计
生物炭施用为1000kg/亩,高铁酸钠施用比例设置为生物炭含量的2%,三次重复,共计4个处理,分别为:对照(CK)、施用生物炭(BC)、施用高铁酸钠(SFe)、施用高铁酸钠改性生物炭(BC+SFe)。
设置三次重复,共计12个小区。小区间用铺塑料薄膜的土埂隔开,单排单灌。随机区组排列,小区面积30m2,其中,CK不施入任何改性材料,BC组施入45kg生物炭,SFe组施入0.9kg高铁酸钠,BC+SFe组施入45.9Kg高铁酸钠改性生物炭(45kg生物炭与0.9kg高铁酸钠混合改性获得的),外设保护行。生物炭、高铁酸钠、高铁酸钠改性生物炭于水稻移栽之前,将其施入稻田,并用翻耕机翻入土壤耕层,使其与0-20cm耕层土壤混合均匀,稳定4天后,移栽水稻。田间管理一致,大田试验一季稻播种日期:4月5日,移栽规格为15cm×25cm,收获日期:9月20日。N、P2O5、K2O施肥量分别为120kg·ha-1、60kg·ha-1、120kg·ha-1。
2.3温室气体采集与测定
稻田CH4、N2O排放通量采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法测定。采样箱箱体由聚乙烯材料制成,规格为直径0.38m,高0.50m,外面包裹保温膜,箱体顶部有一采样孔,连接采气三通阀,计算排放总量和排放均值,估算CH4、N2O排放量;重点比较排放高峰期的差异,考察品种的CH4、N2O排放能力。此外,箱体顶部安置小风扇以充分混合箱内气体,并且还安装了一个温度计用以测定箱内温度。水稻移栽后每7天采样一次,此外,采样的具体日期和频率视肥料的施用和降水适当调整。温室气体采样时间固定在上午9:00-11:00,采样时间分别为罩箱后的0、10、20、30min,每次抽取45mL气体样品。气体样品采用Agilent7890A气相色谱仪分析,标准气体由国家标准物质中心提供。气体排放率由4个气样浓度值经线性回归分析得出。数据处理稻田温室气体排放通量计算公式如下:
F=ρ·273/(273+T)·H·dC/dt(1)
式中:F为排放通量;ρ为标准大气压下的CH4、N2O密度,分别为0.714kg·m-3、1.98kg·m-3;T为采样过程中采样箱内的平均温度,℃;H是采样箱的箱罩的净高度,m;dC/dt是采样箱内温室气体浓度的变化率。
CH4、N2O累积排放量计算公式:
C是气体累积排放量(kg·ha-1),Fi和Fi+1为两个连续相邻采样时期的气体排放通量(mg·m-2·h-1),d是两个连续相邻采样时间所相隔的天数。
全球增温潜势(globalwarmingpotential,GWP)计算公式:
GWP=25(CH4)+298(N2O)(3)
式中:CH4和N2O排放折算为CO2当量,其系数分别为25和298。
温室气体排放强度(greenhousegasintensity,GHGI)计算公式:
GHGI=GWP/Y(4)
式中:GWP表示N2O和CH4综合增温潜势(kg CO2e·hm-2);Y表示该处理单位面积平均产量(kg·hm-2),是综合评价试验各处理温室效应的指标。
三、结果与分析
3.1稻田CH4排放
不同处理在水稻整个生育期的甲烷累积排放量介于153.01~400.95kg·ha-1,见图1所示。从图1能够看出,SFe组和BC+SFe组处理的甲烷累积排放量较低,分别较CK组低27%、51%。但与CK组相比,只添加生物炭的处理(BC组)具有增排效果,比CK组、SFe组、BC+SFe组高28%、75%、162%。由此可知,BC+SFe组的减排效果最佳、其次是仅添加SFe。虽然仅添加生物炭会促进甲烷排放,但是与高铁酸钠的联合作用,会使CH4排放迅速减少。
3.2稻田N2O排放
不同处理在水稻整个生育期的氧化亚氮累积排放量介于0.71~2.37kg·ha-1,见图2所示。从图2能够看出,BC+SFe组较CK组低,低30%。但与CK组相比,只添加生物炭(BC组)、只添加高铁酸钠(SFE组)的处理具有增排效果,比CK组分别高134%、94%。由此可知,BC+SFe组具有减少N2O排放的效果。
3.3BC、SFE、BC+SFe处理下的温室效应
不同处理甲烷和氧化亚氮对全球增温趋势(GWP)的影响,如图3所示。由图3可知,全球增温趋势以BC+SFe组的最低,BC组最高,其次是CK组、SFe组。较CK组处理,SFe、BC+SFe组分别降低22%、50%。图4可知,稻温室气体排放强度(GHGI)介于0.4~1.1之间,其中最低的是BC+SFe组,最高的是BC组,其次是CK组、SFe组,BC+SFe组较CK组的GHGI低50%。因此,更进一步说明,BC+SFe组的稻田温室效应低,稻田添加高铁酸盐改性生物碳具有明显的减排效果。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例。对于本技术领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术构思前提下所得到的改进和变换也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种稻田温室气体的减排方法,其特征在于,将稻田减排材料施入稻田中使稻田减排材料和土壤混合均匀即可,其中,所述稻田减排材料为高铁酸盐改性生物炭。
2.如权利要求1所述的稻田温室气体的减排方法,其特征在于,将稻田减排材料施入稻田中后,通过翻耕使稻田减排材料与0~20cm耕层土壤混合均匀。
3.如权利要求1所述的稻田温室气体的减排方法,其特征在于,每平方稻田施入1~6kg稻田减排材料。
4.如权利要求1所述的稻田温室气体的减排方法,其特征在于,所述稻田减排材料在水稻移栽前3~5天施入。
5.如权利要求1所述的稻田温室气体的减排方法,其特征在于,所述稻田温室气体包括甲烷和氧化亚氮中的至少一种。
6.如权利要求1~5中任一项所述的稻田温室气体的减排方法,其特征在于,所述高铁酸盐改性生物炭中,高铁酸盐附着在生物炭孔隙的内部和表面。
7.如权利要求1~5中任一项所述的稻田温室气体的减排方法,其特征在于,所述高铁酸盐改性生物炭是通过以下制备方法获得的:将生物炭、高铁酸盐混合并搅拌均匀,使高铁酸盐附着在生物炭孔隙的内部和表面,即得到稻田减排材料。
8.如权利要求7所述的稻田温室气体的减排方法,其特征在于,所述生物炭与高铁酸盐的质量比为(50~100):2。
9.如权利要求7所述的稻田温室气体的减排方法,其特征在于,所述高铁酸盐包括高铁酸钾、高铁酸钠、高铁酸钙中的至少一种。
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